Life in the Spirit: Freedom and Adoption
Romans 8:1-17
Rom.8.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Ουδεν: PRON,nom,sg,n
- αρα: PART
- νυν: ADV
- κατακριμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- τοις: ART,dat,pl,n
- εν: PREP
- Χριστω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- Ιησου·: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- John 3:18 (verbal): Similar verbal claim that belief in Christ removes condemnation (ὁ πιστεύων... οὐ κρίνεται), paralleling 'no condemnation' for those in Christ.
- John 5:24 (verbal): Affirms that those who hear and believe have 'passed from death to life' and 'do not come into judgment,' echoing the assurance of no condemnation.
- Romans 5:1 (thematic): Connects justification by faith ('having been justified by faith, we have peace with God') to the present freedom from condemnation implied in Rom 8:1.
- Colossians 2:13-14 (structural): Uses legal imagery—God forgives trespasses and 'canceled the record of debt'—paralleling the removal of the condemning charge against believers.
- Galatians 5:1 (thematic): Speaks of the freedom Christ grants ('for freedom Christ set us free'), thematically linked to the liberation from condemnation in Rom 8:1.
Alternative generated candidates
- There is therefore now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus.
- Therefore there is now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus.
Rom.8.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- γαρ: PART
- νομος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- πνευματος: NOUN,gen,sg,n
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- ζωης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- εν: PREP
- Χριστω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- Ιησου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- ηλευθερωσεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- σε: PRON,acc,sg,2
- απο: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- νομου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- αμαρτιας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- και: CONJ
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θανατου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- 2 Corinthians 3:6 (verbal): Contrasts the lifegiving work of the Spirit with the killing effect of the letter/law—’the Spirit gives life’ echoes ‘the law of the Spirit of life.’
- Romans 6:23 (thematic): Pairs death and life in Christ—’wages of sin is death’ vs. the gift of life in Christ, resonating with release from the law of sin and death.
- Galatians 3:13 (allusion): Christ’s redemption ‘from the curse of the law’ by becoming a curse for us parallels liberation from the law that brings sin and death.
- Romans 7:6 (structural): Within Paul’s argument in Romans, believers are presented as freed from the law’s binding power—’but now we are released from the law’ parallels being set free by the Spirit of life.
Alternative generated candidates
- For the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus has set us free from the law of sin and of death.
- For the law of the Spirit of life has set you free in Christ Jesus from the law of sin and of death.
Rom.8.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- γαρ: PART
- αδυνατον: ADJ,nom,sg,n
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- νομου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- εν: PREP
- ω: PRON,dat,sg,m
- ησθενει: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- δια: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- σαρκος: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- θεος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- εαυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- υιον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- πεμψας: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,sg,m
- εν: PREP
- ομοιωματι: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- σαρκος: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- αμαρτιας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- και: CONJ
- περι: PREP
- αμαρτιας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- κατεκρινε: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- αμαρτιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- εν: PREP
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- σαρκι: NOUN,dat,sg,f
Parallels
- 2 Corinthians 5:21 (verbal): Paul states God made the one who knew no sin to be sin for us — language of imputation and Christ bearing sin parallels 'in the likeness of sinful flesh' and 'condemned sin.'
- Philippians 2:7 (verbal): Christ 'being found in appearance as a man' and emptying himself echoes the motif of incarnation and humiliation in 'sent... in the likeness of sinful flesh.'
- Galatians 4:4 (thematic): 'God sent forth his Son' (born of a woman, under the law) parallels the theme of God sending his Son to address the situation created by the law and flesh.
- Hebrews 2:14 (thematic): Jesus shared in flesh to destroy the power of death and free those held by fear — connects to Christ entering flesh to confront and condemn sin's power 'in the flesh.'
- Galatians 3:13 (thematic): Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us — thematically related to God's remedy for the law's inability and Christ's bearing of condemnation for sin.
Alternative generated candidates
- For what the law could not do, weakened as it was through the flesh, God accomplished by sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh and for sin; in this he condemned sin in the flesh,
- For God has done what the law, weakened by the flesh, could not do: by sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh and for sin, he condemned sin in the flesh;
Rom.8.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ινα: CONJ
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- δικαιωμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- νομου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- πληρωθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
- εν: PREP
- ημιν: PRON,dat,pl,1
- τοις: ART,dat,pl,n
- μη: PART
- κατα: PREP
- σαρκα: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- περιπατουσιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,pl
- αλλα: CONJ
- κατα: PREP
- πνευμα·: NOUN,acc,sg,n
Parallels
- Rom.8.3 (structural): Immediate context: explains how God’s sending of Christ condemned sin in the flesh so that the law’s righteous requirement might be met in those who live according to the Spirit.
- Gal.5.16 (verbal): Uses the same imperative to "walk by the Spirit" contrasted with gratifying the flesh—same ethical/Spirit-vs.-flesh framework as Rom 8:4.
- Rom.13.8-10 (thematic): States that love fulfills the law; complements Rom 8:4’s claim that the law’s righteous requirement is realized in believers living by the Spirit (ethical fulfillment rather than mere observance).
- 2 Cor.3.6 (thematic): Contrasts ministry of the letter with ministry of the Spirit—parallels Rom 8:4’s emphasis that life according to the Spirit, not the flesh/letter, effects true obedience and life.
- Ezek.36.27 (allusion): OT promise that God will put His Spirit within people and enable them to "walk in My statutes"—background for Paul’s claim that the Spirit enables fulfilling the law’s requirement.
Alternative generated candidates
- so that the righteous requirement of the law might be fulfilled in us, who walk not according to the flesh but according to the Spirit.
- so that the righteous requirement of the law might be fulfilled in us, who walk not according to the flesh but according to the Spirit.
Rom.8.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- γαρ: PART
- κατα: PREP
- σαρκα: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- οντες: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,pl,m
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- σαρκος: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- φρονουσιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,pl
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- δε: CONJ
- κατα: PREP
- πνευμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- πνευματος: NOUN,gen,sg,n
Parallels
- Galatians 5:16-17 (thematic): Contrasts life ‘according to the flesh’ with life ‘according to the Spirit,’ highlighting the opposing desires and the need to walk by the Spirit—same moral/ontological divide as Rom 8:5.
- Galatians 5:24-25 (verbal): Speaks of those who belong to Christ ‘having crucified the flesh’ and exhorts, ‘If we live by the Spirit, let us also walk by the Spirit,’ echoing Rom 8:5’s language of living/being according to Spirit versus flesh.
- John 3:6 (thematic): Affirms the basic existential distinction: ‘that which is born of the flesh is flesh, and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit,’ paralleling Rom 8:5’s contrast between fleshly and spiritual orientation.
- Colossians 3:2 (verbal): Commands believers to ‘set your minds on things above, not on things on earth,’ resonating with Rom 8:5’s verb φρονοῦσιν (they set their minds) and the contrast of focal orientation.
- Romans 8:6-7 (structural): Immediate continuation of v.5 that explains consequences of the two mind-sets—‘to set the mind on the flesh is death’ and the hostility of the flesh toward God—serves as the direct structural and semantic sequel to Rom 8:5.
Alternative generated candidates
- For those who live according to the flesh set their minds on the things of the flesh, but those who live according to the Spirit set their minds on the things of the Spirit.
- For those who live according to the flesh set their minds on the things of the flesh, but those who live according to the Spirit set their minds on the things of the Spirit.
Rom.8.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- γαρ: PART
- φρονημα: NOUN,nom,sg,n
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- σαρκος: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- θανατος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- δε: CONJ
- φρονημα: NOUN,nom,sg,n
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- πνευματος: NOUN,gen,sg,n
- ζωη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- ειρηνη·: NOUN,nom,sg,f
Parallels
- Rom.8.5 (structural): Immediate context: v.5 sets up the contrast between minding the flesh and minding the Spirit that v.6 summarizes (mind of flesh vs mind of Spirit).
- Gal.6.8 (verbal): Parallel contrast of outcomes: 'sowing to the flesh... reap corruption; sowing to the Spirit... reap life' echoes Rom.8:6's linkage of flesh with death and Spirit with life.
- John 6:63 (verbal): Jesus: 'It is the Spirit who gives life; the flesh is of no avail' — a succinct, verbal affirmation that the Spirit effects life while the flesh does not, paralleling Rom.8:6.
- Gal.5:16-17 (thematic): Paulic theme of opposing drives: walking by the Spirit vs gratifying the flesh; the struggle of flesh and Spirit explains why minding the Spirit leads to life (Rom.8:6).
- Rom.6:23 (thematic): Contrast of death and life: 'wages of sin is death; the gift of God is eternal life' parallels Rom.8:6's linkage of flesh with death and Spirit with life/peace.
Alternative generated candidates
- To set the mind on the flesh is death, but to set the mind on the Spirit is life and peace.
- For the mind set on the flesh is death, but the mind set on the Spirit is life and peace.
Rom.8.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- διοτι: CONJ
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- φρονημα: NOUN,nom,sg,n
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- σαρκος: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- εχθρα: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- εις: PREP
- θεον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- γαρ: PART
- νομω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- ουχ: PART,neg
- υποτασσεται: VERB,pres,pass,ind,3,sg
- ουδε: CONJ,neg
- γαρ: PART
- δυναται·: VERB,pres,mp,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- Galatians 5:17 (thematic): Contrasts fleshly desires with the Spirit; the 'desires of the flesh' opposing God's purposes parallels the enmity of the fleshly mind in Rom 8:7.
- James 4:4 (verbal): Uses the language of 'enmity'/'friendship with the world is enmity against God,' echoing the idea that worldly/fleshly orientation stands opposed to God.
- 1 Corinthians 2:14 (thematic): Describes the natural (fleshly) person as unable to accept the things of the Spirit, paralleling Rom 8:7's claim that the flesh does not and cannot submit to God's law.
- Ephesians 2:1-3 (thematic): Portrays those 'in the flesh' as following worldly passions and being under God's wrath, thematically aligning with the hostility of the flesh toward God in Rom 8:7.
- Romans 7:5 (structural): Within Romans itself: speaks of the sinful passions at work 'when we were in the flesh,' providing a proximate explanation of how the flesh opposes God's law and produces hostility to God.
Alternative generated candidates
- For the mind that is set on the flesh is hostile to God, for it does not submit to God's law; indeed it cannot.
- For the mind that is set on the flesh is hostile to God; it does not submit to God’s law, indeed it cannot.
Rom.8.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- δε: CONJ
- εν: PREP
- σαρκι: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- οντες: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,pl,m
- θεω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- αρεσαι: VERB,pres,act,inf
- ου: PART,neg
- δυνανται: VERB,pres,mid/pass,ind,3,pl
Parallels
- Rom.8.7 (structural): Immediate context: the mind set on the flesh is hostile to God and cannot submit to God’s law, explaining why those 'in the flesh' cannot please God (verbal and logical continuation).
- 1 Cor.2.14 (thematic): Contrasts the 'natural' (psychikos) person who does not accept or understand spiritual realities with the inability of those in the flesh to please God—both stress incapacity for spiritual receptivity.
- Gal.5.19-21 (thematic): Lists 'works of the flesh' and warns that those who practice them will not inherit God’s kingdom, paralleling the idea that life in the flesh is incompatible with pleasing God.
- Eph.2.1-3 (thematic): Describes believers formerly 'dead in trespasses' and living according to worldly/fleshly passions, emphasizing the flesh’s bondage and opposition to God that prevents pleasing Him.
Alternative generated candidates
- Those who are in the flesh cannot please God.
- Those who are in the flesh cannot please God.
Rom.8.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Υμεις: PRON,nom,pl,2
- δε: CONJ
- ουκ: PART,neg
- εστε: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,pl
- εν: PREP
- σαρκι: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- αλλα: CONJ
- εν: PREP
- πνευματι: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- ειπερ: PART
- πνευμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- οικει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- εν: PREP
- υμιν: PRON,dat,pl,2
- ει: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
- δε: CONJ
- τις: PRON,nom,sg,?
- πνευμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- Χριστου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- ουκ: PART,neg
- εχει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- ουτος: PRON,nom,sg,m
- ουκ: PART,neg
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- John 14:17 (verbal): Speaks of the Spirit 'dwelling with you and being in you' (the Spirit of truth), closely echoing the language of divine indwelling in Rom 8:9.
- 1 Corinthians 3:16 (verbal): Declares believers are God's temple because 'God's Spirit dwells in you,' a direct parallel to the claim of the Spirit's residence in believers.
- Galatians 4:6 (thematic): States that God 'sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts,' linking the Spirit of God/Spirit of Christ language and the idea of Christ‑related indwelling.
- Colossians 1:27 (thematic): Speaks of 'Christ in you, the hope of glory,' paralleling Rom 8:9's concern with belonging to Christ through the presence of his Spirit.
- 1 John 4:13 (thematic): Connects assurance of abiding in God with the gift of his Spirit ('we know that we abide in him and he in us, because he has given us of his Spirit'), resonating with the indwelling theme of Rom 8:9.
Alternative generated candidates
- You, however, are not in the flesh but in the Spirit, if indeed the Spirit of God dwells in you. And if anyone does not have the Spirit of Christ, he does not belong to him.
- You, however, are not in the flesh but in the Spirit, if in fact the Spirit of God dwells in you. Anyone who does not have the Spirit of Christ does not belong to him.
Rom.8.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ει: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
- δε: CONJ
- Χριστος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- εν: PREP
- υμιν: PRON,dat,pl,2
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- μεν: PART
- σωμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- νεκρον: ADJ,acc,sg,n
- δια: PREP
- αμαρτιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- δε: CONJ
- πνευμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- ζωη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- δια: PREP
- δικαιοσυνην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
Parallels
- Romans 8:11 (structural): Immediate context: the same Spirit who indwells believers and raised Christ will give life to your mortal bodies — develops the promise that ‘the Spirit is life.’
- Romans 8:2 (thematic): Speaks of the ‘law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus’ that sets believers free from the law of sin and death, echoing the contrast between bodily death from sin and life from the Spirit.
- Galatians 2:20 (verbal): Paul’s formula of union with Christ — ‘I live; yet not I, but Christ lives in me’ — parallels the motif of Christ (and his Spirit) indwelling believers and producing life.
- John 6:63 (verbal): Jesus’ saying ‘the Spirit gives life; the flesh is of no avail’ closely parallels the dichotomy in Romans 8:10 between a body dead because of sin and the Spirit as life.
- 2 Corinthians 3:6 (thematic): Contrast of death/killing by the letter versus life by the Spirit echoes Romans’ contrast between bodily death through sin and life through the Spirit and righteousness.
Alternative generated candidates
- If Christ is in you, though the body is dead because of sin, the Spirit is life because of righteousness.
- If Christ is in you, though the body is dead because of sin, your spirit is alive because of righteousness.
Rom.8.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ει: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
- δε: CONJ
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- πνευμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- εγειραντος: VERB,aor,act,ptc,gen,m,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Ιησουν: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- εκ: PREP
- νεκρων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- οικει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- εν: PREP
- υμιν: PRON,dat,pl,2
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- εγειρας: VERB,aor,act,ptc,nom,m,sg
- εκ: PREP
- νεκρων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- Χριστον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- Ιησουν: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- ζωοποιησει: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- θνητα: ADJ,acc,pl,neut
- σωματα: NOUN,acc,pl,n
- υμων: PRON,gen,pl,2
- δια: PREP
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- ενοικουν: VERB,pres,act,ptc,gen,neut,sg
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- πνευμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- εν: PREP
- υμιν: PRON,dat,pl,2
Parallels
- John 6:63 (verbal): Jesus: “It is the Spirit who gives life” — close verbal parallel stressing that the Spirit is the agent of life, as in Rom 8:11.
- John 5:21 (thematic): “For as the Father raises the dead and gives them life, so also the Son gives life” — links divine raising and the bestowal of life, paralleling God/Spirit raising Jesus and giving life to believers’ bodies.
- Ezekiel 37:5,14 (allusion): “I will cause breath to enter you, and you shall live… I will put my Spirit within you, and you shall live” — prophetic image of God’s Spirit reviving dead bodies echoes Rom 8:11’s Spirit-giving-life motif.
- 1 Corinthians 6:14 (verbal): “And God raised the Lord and will also raise us up by his power” — explicitly connects God’s raising of Christ with the future raising/life of believers, echoing Rom 8:11’s promise.
- 1 Corinthians 15:42–44 (thematic): Contrast of ‘natural’/‘mortal’ and ‘spiritual’/‘immortal’ bodies — complements Rom 8:11’s claim that the Spirit will vivify mortal bodies, situating bodily resurrection in Pauline thought.
Alternative generated candidates
- If the Spirit of him who raised Jesus from the dead dwells in you, he who raised Christ Jesus from the dead will give life also to your mortal bodies through his Spirit who dwells in you.
- If the Spirit of him who raised Jesus from the dead dwells in you, he who raised Christ Jesus from the dead will give life also to your mortal bodies through his Spirit who dwells in you.
Rom.8.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Αρα: CONJ
- ουν: CONJ
- αδελφοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- οφειλεται: VERB,pres,mid,ind,3,sg
- εσμεν: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,pl
- ου: PART,neg
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- σαρκι: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- κατα: PREP
- σαρκα: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- ζην: VERB,pres,act,inf
Parallels
- Rom.6:12-13 (structural): Same letter's immediate ethical argument: do not let sin reign in your mortal body or present your members to sin, parallel exhortation against living according to the flesh.
- Rom.13:13-14 (verbal): Similar language and command: 'make no provision for the flesh' and 'put on the Lord Jesus Christ'—another formulation of the duty not to live according to the flesh.
- Gal.5:16-17 (thematic): Contrast between walking by the Spirit and gratifying the desires of the flesh; frames the same ethical conflict between Spirit-led life and fleshly living.
- Col.3:5-10 (thematic): Exhortation to put to death earthly members and put on the new self echoes the call to reject fleshly patterns and live transformed life appropriate to believers.
Alternative generated candidates
- So then, brothers, we have an obligation—not to the flesh, to live according to the flesh.
- So then, brothers, we are debtors—not to the flesh—to live according to the flesh.
Rom.8.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ει: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
- γαρ: PART
- κατα: PREP
- σαρκα: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- ζητε: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,pl
- μελλετε: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,pl
- αποθνησκειν: VERB,pres,act,inf
- ει: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
- δε: CONJ
- πνευματι: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- τας: ART,acc,pl,f
- πραξεις: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- σωματος: NOUN,gen,sg,n
- θανατουτε: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,pl
- ζησεσθε: VERB,fut,mid/pass,ind,2,pl
Parallels
- Galatians 5:16 (thematic): Urges walking by the Spirit so one does not fulfill the desires of the flesh—echoes the contrast between living according to the flesh (death) and living by the Spirit (life).
- Galatians 5:24 (verbal): Affirms that those in Christ have 'crucified the flesh' with its passions—parallels Romans' language of putting to death the deeds of the body.
- Galatians 6:8 (thematic): States that sowing to the flesh leads to corruption/death while sowing to the Spirit leads to life—directly parallels the death/life consequence in Romans 8:13.
- Colossians 3:5 (verbal): Commands believers to 'put to death' earthly members (immorality, impurity, etc.), using the same mortification motif as Romans 8:13.
- Romans 8:10-11 (structural): Immediate context: contrasts a body 'dead because of sin' with life given by the Spirit—provides the theological basis for Romans 8:13's promise that mortifying the flesh by the Spirit results in life.
Alternative generated candidates
- For if you live according to the flesh you will die; but if by the Spirit you put to death the deeds of the body, you will live.
- For if you live according to the flesh you will die, but if by the Spirit you put to death the deeds of the body, you will live.
Rom.8.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- οσοι: PRON,nom,pl,m
- γαρ: PART
- πνευματι: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- αγονται: VERB,pres,pass,ind,3,pl
- ουτοι: PRO,nom,pl,m
- υιοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- εισιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,pl
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Romans 8:15 (structural): Immediately parallels 8:14 by explaining the Spirit received is the Spirit of adoption — not a spirit of slavery but one by which we cry, 'Abba! Father!' as evidence of sonship.
- Romans 8:16 (verbal): Develops the same point: the Spirit himself testifies with our spirit that we are children of God, corroborating the link between being led by the Spirit and being God's sons.
- Galatians 4:6 (thematic): Speaks of God sending the Spirit of his Son into believers' hearts so they can cry 'Abba! Father!' — connecting the indwelling Spirit with filial status and assurance.
- Galatians 5:18 (verbal): Uses the same verbal formula 'if you are led by the Spirit,' linking being led by the Spirit to a transformed juridical/spiritual status (not under the law).
- John 1:12-13 (thematic): Affirms that those who receive Christ become children of God (born of God rather than human origins), paralleling Paul’s point that believers' identity as sons is rooted in the Spirit’s work.
Alternative generated candidates
- For all who are led by the Spirit of God are sons of God.
- For all who are led by the Spirit of God are sons of God.
Rom.8.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ου: PART,neg
- γαρ: PART
- ελαβετε: VERB,aor,act,ind,2,pl
- πνευμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- δουλειας: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- παλιν: ADV
- εις: PREP
- φοβον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- αλλα: CONJ
- ελαβετε: VERB,aor,act,ind,2,pl
- πνευμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- υιοθεσιας: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- εν: PREP
- ω: PRON,dat,sg,m
- κραζομεν·Αββα: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,pl
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- πατηρ·: NOUN,nom,sg,m
Parallels
- Gal.4.6 (verbal): Almost identical wording and idea: God sends the Spirit into our hearts so we cry 'Abba! Father,' directly paralleling Rom 8:15's language of the Spirit enabling the cry 'Abba, Father.'
- Gal.4.5 (thematic): Speaks of Christ's coming 'that we might receive adoption as sons,' which is the core theological theme echoed in Rom 8:15's contrast between a spirit of slavery and a spirit of adoption.
- Rom.8.14 (structural): Immediate context in Romans: those led by God's Spirit are sons, preparing the contrast in v.15 between a spirit of slavery and the spirit of sonship/adoption.
- Eph.1.5 (thematic): Paulic statement that God 'predestined us for adoption as sons through Jesus Christ' parallels Rom 8:15's emphasis on divine adoption and sonship by the Spirit.
- John 1.12 (thematic): The Johannine theme that receiving Christ gives the right to become children of God resonates with Rom 8:15's focus on becoming sons (adoption) rather than returning to fear or slavery.
Alternative generated candidates
- For you did not receive a spirit of slavery to fall back into fear, but you received the Spirit of adoption as sons, by whom we cry, "Abba! Father!"
- For you did not receive a spirit of slavery to fall back into fear, but you received a spirit of adoption as sons, by which we cry, “Abba! Father!”
Rom.8.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- αυτο: PRON,acc,sg,neut
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- πνευμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- συμμαρτυρει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- πνευματι: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- ημων: PRON,gen,pl,1
- οτι: CONJ
- εσμεν: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,pl
- τεκνα: NOUN,acc,pl,neut
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Romans 8:15 (structural): Same pericope: contrasts spirit of slavery with the Spirit of adoption and depicts believers crying 'Abba! Father,' providing the immediate context for the Spirit's witness of sonship.
- Romans 8:14 (thematic): Close thematic link: those 'led by the Spirit of God' are identified as sons of God, connecting Spirit-presence with status as God's children.
- Galatians 4:6 (verbal): Explicitly links the Spirit in believers' hearts with the cry 'Abba! Father!' and explains that God sent the Spirit of his Son as confirmation of sonship—very similar language and function to Rom 8:16.
- 2 Corinthians 1:22 (thematic): Speaks of God 'sealing' believers and giving the Spirit in our hearts as a pledge/assurance, associating the Spirit with inward assurance like the 'witness' in Rom 8:16.
- Ephesians 1:13-14 (thematic): Describes believers being sealed with the Holy Spirit, who is the 'guarantee' of our inheritance—paralleling the Spirit's role in assuring and confirming believers' status as God's children.
Alternative generated candidates
- The Spirit himself bears witness with our spirit that we are children of God.
- The Spirit himself bears witness with our spirit that we are children of God,
Rom.8.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ει: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
- δε: CONJ
- τεκνα: NOUN,acc,pl,neut
- και: CONJ
- κληρονομοι·κληρονομοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- μεν: PART
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- συγκληρονομοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- δε: CONJ
- Χριστου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- ειπερ: PART
- συμπασχομεν: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,pl
- ινα: CONJ
- και: CONJ
- συνδοξασθωμεν: VERB,aor,pass,subj,1,pl
Parallels
- Galatians 4:6-7 (verbal): Uses the same sonship/heir language—Spirit confirms adoption so that believers are no longer slaves but sons and thus heirs of God.
- Romans 8:14-16 (structural): Immediate context: being led by the Spirit and receiving the Spirit of adoption establishes believers as God's children, which grounds the claim to be heirs with Christ.
- 1 Peter 4:13 (thematic): Connects sharing in Christ's sufferings with the future joy and revelation of his glory—parallel logic to suffering now in order to be glorified with him.
- Philippians 3:10-11 (thematic): Paul's desire to share Christ's sufferings and participate in the power of his resurrection echoes the linkage of suffering with participation in Christ's future glory.
- 1 John 3:1-2 (thematic): Affirms believers as children of God and points forward to the eschatological transformation ('we shall be like him') that corresponds to sharing in Christ's glory.
Alternative generated candidates
- And if we are children, then we are heirs—heirs of God and fellow heirs with Christ, provided we suffer with him in order that we may also be glorified with him.
- and if children, then heirs—heirs of God and coheirs with Christ, provided we suffer with him in order that we may also be glorified with him.
There is therefore now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus.
For the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus has set you free from the law of sin and of death.
For what the law could not do, weakened as it was by the flesh, God did: sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh and for sin, he condemned sin in the flesh. So that the righteous requirement of the law might be fulfilled in us, who walk not according to the flesh but according to the Spirit.
For those who live according to the flesh set their minds on the things of the flesh, but those who live according to the Spirit set their minds on the things of the Spirit.
For the mind set on the flesh is death, but the mind set on the Spirit is life and peace.
For the mind of the flesh is hostile to God, for it does not submit to the law of God; indeed it cannot.
Those who are in the flesh cannot please God.
You, however, are not in the flesh but in the Spirit, if indeed the Spirit of God dwells in you. Whoever does not have the Spirit of Christ does not belong to him.
If Christ is in you, though the body is dead because of sin, the Spirit is life because of righteousness. And if the Spirit of him who raised Jesus from the dead dwells in you, he who raised Christ Jesus from the dead will give life also to your mortal bodies through his Spirit who dwells in you. So then, brothers, we are debtors—not to the flesh, to live according to the flesh.
For if you live according to the flesh you will die, but if by the Spirit you put to death the deeds of the body, you will live.
For all who are led by the Spirit of God are sons of God.
For you did not receive a spirit of slavery to fall back into fear, but you received a spirit of adoption as sons, by which we cry, “Abba! Father!”
The Spirit himself bears witness with our spirit that we are sons of God. And if children, then heirs—heirs of God and joint heirs with Christ, provided we suffer with him in order that we may also be glorified with him.