Ahaziah Succeeds His Father and Is Wounded
2 Chronicles 22:1-9
2 C.22.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וימליכו: VERB,hiph,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- יושבי: PTC,qal,ptc,mp,cons
- ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- אחזיהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- הקטן: ADJ,m,sg,def
- תחתיו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- כל: DET
- הראשנים: ADJ,m,pl,def
- הרג: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הגדוד: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הבא: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בערבים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- למחנה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וימלך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אחזיהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהורם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
Parallels
- 2 Kings 8:25–29 (verbal): Direct parallel account in Kings: Ahaziah son of Jehoram is made king in Jerusalem after his father’s death; wording and sequence of events correspond closely to Chronicles.
- 2 Chronicles 21:17–20 (structural): Immediate background in Chronicles: Jehoram’s affliction and death are narrated here, providing the context for Ahaziah’s accession in 22:1.
- 2 Kings 9:27–29 (thematic): Continuation of the Kings narrative about Ahaziah’s fate: recounts the pursuit and death of Ahaziah during Jehu’s purge, connecting to the political violence surrounding his reign.
- 2 Kings 1:17 (allusion): Parallel theme of a royal son succeeding his father amid turbulent circumstances; both passages reflect motifs of abrupt royal transitions and divine judgment on preceding reigns.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the inhabitants of Jerusalem made Ahaziah his youngest son king in his place; for all the captains had slain the raiding band that came into the camp. So Ahaziah son of Jehoram became king of Judah.
- The inhabitants of Jerusalem made his youngest son Ahaziah king in his stead, for all the commanders of the troops that were in the field had been killed by the raiders who came at evening to the camp; so Ahaziah son of Jehoram reigned as king of Judah.
2 C.22.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ארבעים: NUM,m,pl
- ושתים: NUM,f,pl,abs
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אחזיהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- במלכו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ושנה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אחת: NUM,f,sg
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בירושלם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ושם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אמו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- עתליהו: NOUN,f,sg,prop
- בת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- עמרי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 8:26 (quotation): Direct parallel regnal statement identifying Ahaziah's age, reign length, and naming his mother Athaliah daughter of Omri (textually nearly identical; Chronicles and Kings differ slightly in the age reading).
- 2 Kings 11:1–3 (thematic): Narrates Athaliah's later actions after Ahaziah's death (massacre of the royal seed and seizure of the throne), showing the significance of her identification as Ahaziah's mother here.
- 1 Kings 16:21–28 (allusion): Background on Omri, founder of the Omride dynasty; 'daughter of Omri' signals Ahaziah's maternal connection to the Omride/Ahab political lineage.
- 2 Chronicles 22:3 (structural): Immediate chronicle context: notes Ahaziah's alignment with the house of Ahab under the influence of his mother Athaliah, linking the regnal formula to his political/religious course.
Alternative generated candidates
- Ahaziah was forty and two years old when he began to reign, and he reigned one year in Jerusalem. His mother's name was Athaliah the daughter of Omri.
- Ahaziah was forty-two years old when he began to reign; he reigned one year in Jerusalem. His mother's name was Athaliah the daughter of Omri.
2 C.22.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- גם: ADV
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- הלך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בדרכי: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,cstr+1s
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחאב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- אמו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- היתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- יועצתו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3m
- להרשיע: VERB,hiph,inf
Parallels
- 2 Kings 8:26-27 (quotation): Nearly identical wording about Ahaziah (son of Jehoram): he walked in the ways of the house of Ahab because his mother (Athaliah) was his counselor to do evil — a direct Kings–Chronicles parallel.
- 2 Chronicles 21:6 (verbal): Jehoram of Judah is said to have 'walked in the way of the house of Ahab' (because he married Ahab's daughter). Similar language and theme of Ahab's household corrupting Judah's kings.
- 2 Kings 11:1-3 (thematic): Describes Athaliah (the same mother) slaughtering the royal seed and seizing power after Ahaziah's death, illustrating her malign influence and political ambition implied in 2 Chr 22:3.
- 1 Kings 21:25 (thematic): About Ahab's greater evil 'because Jezebel his wife incited him' — a parallel motif of a king led into wickedness by a close female relative (wife/mother) who serves as the instigator.
Alternative generated candidates
- He also walked in the ways of the house of Ahab, for his mother was his counsellor to do wickedly.
- He also walked in the ways of the house of Ahab, for his mother was his counselor to do evil.
2 C.22.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- הרע: ADJ,m,sg,def
- בעיני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- כבית: PREP+NOUN,ms,sg,abs
- אחאב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- המה: PRON,3,m,pl
- היו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- יועצים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אחרי: PREP
- מות: VERB,qal,infabs
- אביו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
- למשחית: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Kings 8:27 (structural): Parallel narrative in Kings about Ahaziah of Judah (same king); states he did evil like the house of Ahab and links his downfall to the influence of Ahab’s family/counselors.
- 2 Chronicles 21:6 (thematic): Description of Jehoram (Ahaziah’s father) walking in the ways of the house of Ahab because of marriage ties—shows the same motif of Ahab’s family influencing Judah’s kings to do evil.
- 1 Kings 22:52 (verbal): About Ahaziah (son of Ahab, Israel) doing evil in the sight of the LORD and following his father’s ways—shares the formulaic wording and the theme of kings modeled on Ahab’s evil.
- 1 Kings 16:30-33 (allusion): The original characterization of Ahab’s reign (doing more evil, promoting Baal worship) provides the background for the chronicler’s comparison to “the house of Ahab.”
Alternative generated candidates
- He did evil in the sight of the LORD, like the house of Ahab; for they were his advisers after the death of his father to his ruin.
- He did evil in the sight of the LORD, like the house of Ahab, for they were his counselors after the death of his father to bring him to ruin.
2 C.22.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- גם: ADV
- בעצתם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs,3,pl
- הלך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- וילך: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- יהורם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחאב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- למלחמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- חזאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ארם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ברמות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- גלעד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויכו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- הרמים: ADJ,m,pl,def
- את: PRT,acc
- יורם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- 2 Kings 8:28-29 (verbal): Direct parallel: reports Jehoram (son of Ahab) going to Ramoth‑Gilead to fight Hazael and being struck/wounded by the Arameans — same event summarized in Chronicles.
- 1 Kings 22:29-36 (structural): Describes the campaign at Ramoth‑Gilead and the wounding/killing of Israelite royalty in that battle (Ahab wounded); Chronicles alludes to the same Ramoth‑Gilead conflict with Aram.
- 2 Chronicles 18:28-34 (verbal): Chronicles’ fuller account of the Ramoth‑Gilead engagement (parallel to 1 Kings 22) — similar wording and narrative elements about the battle and the fatal arrow.
- 2 Kings 9:24-26 (thematic): Later account of Jehoram’s fate (his removal/killing at Jezreel by Jehu); thematically linked as the sequel to Jehoram’s earlier wounding and decline after battles with Aram.
Alternative generated candidates
- At their counsel he sent messengers to Joram son of Ahab, king of Israel; and he went with Joram to fight against Hazael king of Aram at Ramoth‑gilead, and the Syrians wounded Joram.
- At their counsel he went, and he went with Jehoram son of Ahab king of Israel to fight Hazael king of Aram at Ramoth-gilead; and the Arameans struck Joram.
2 C.22.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- להתרפא: VERB,hitp,inf
- ביזרעאל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- המכים: PART,qal,ptc,act,pl,m,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- הכהו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg+OBJ,3,m,sg
- ברמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בהלחמו: PREP+VERB,hitp,ptc,3,m,sg,suff3m
- את: PRT,acc
- חזהאל: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ארם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועזריהו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהורם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ירד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לראות: VERB,qal,inf
- את: PRT,acc
- יהורם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחאב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ביזרעאל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- חלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Kings 8:28-29 (verbal): Direct parallel account: states that Ahaziah king of Judah went down to Jezreel because Joram (son of Ahab) had been wounded by Hazael at Ramoth/Ramah and was recovering—same event and wording as 2Chr 22:6.
- 2 Kings 9:27-29 (structural): Immediate narrative sequel: Jehu arrives at Jezreel and kills Joram and Ahaziah. These verses presuppose the wound-and-recovery situation described in 2Chr 22:6 and record its violent outcome.
- 2 Kings 8:7-15 (thematic): Background material on Hazael’s rise and hostility toward Israel/Aram; provides the wider political/military context for the clash at Ramoth/Ramah that produced the wounds mentioned in 2Chr 22:6.
- 1 Kings 22:29-40 (thematic): Parallel motif of a king wounded at Ramoth/Ramah in battle (Ahab in this passage); useful for comparing royal warfare at Ramoth and the narrative pattern of wounded kings who retreat to recover (contextual parallel to 2Chr 22:6).
Alternative generated candidates
- He returned to be healed at Jezreel, for the wounds with which they had struck him at Ramah in the battle against Hazael king of Aram were grievous. Then Ahaziah son of Jehoram king of Judah went down to see Joram son of Ahab at Jezreel, for he was sick.
- He returned to be healed in Jezreel, for the wounds with which they had struck him at Ramah when they fought Hazael king of Aram; and Azariah son of Jehoram king of Judah went down to see Jehoram son of Ahab in Jezreel, for he was sick.
2 C.22.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ומאלהים: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- היתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- תבוסת: NOUN,f,sg,const
- אחזיהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לבוא: VERB,qal,inf
- אל: NEG
- יורם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- ובבאו: CONJ+PREP+VERB,qal,ptcp,3,m,sg
- יצא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- עם: PREP
- יהורם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- יהוא: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נמשי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- משחו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- להכרית: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- את: PRT,acc
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחאב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 9:1-10 (quotation): Narrative of a prophet anointing Jehu 'to cut off the house of Ahab'—the same commissioning referenced in Chronicles (the LORD had anointed Jehu to destroy Ahab's house).
- 2 Kings 9:24-29 (quotation): The account of Ahaziah's flight, wounding by Jehu's followers, and death at Megiddo—parallels Chronicles' statement that God brought about Ahaziah's overthrow when he went out with Jehoram to meet Jehu.
- 2 Kings 10:11-17 (thematic): The execution of Ahab's remaining family and purge carried out by Jehu—develops the outcome of the anointing mentioned in 2 Chronicles 22:7 (the cutting off of Ahab’s house).
- 1 Kings 21:17-24 (allusion): Elijah's oracle pronouncing judgment on Ahab's house provides the prophetic basis for the divine decree that Jehu would be raised up to destroy Ahab's family, to which Chronicles alludes.
Alternative generated candidates
- It was God’s design that Ahaziah should come to Joram; and when he came out, he went out with Joram to meet Jehu son of Nimshi, whom the LORD had anointed to cut off the house of Ahab.
- And it was the LORD's purpose that Ahaziah should come to Joram; for when he came, he went out with Joram to meet Jehu son of Nimshi, whom the LORD had anointed to destroy the house of Ahab.
2 C.22.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- כהשפט: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוא: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- עם: PREP
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחאב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וימצא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- שרי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ובני: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- אחי: NOUN,m,pl,suff
- אחזיהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- משרתים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לאחזיהו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,proper
- ויהרגם: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Kings 9:1-10 (allusion): Jehu is anointed and commissioned to execute judgment on the house of Ahab — the commissioning provides the narrative motive/background for the killings described in 2 Chronicles 22:8.
- 2 Kings 9:24-29 (verbal): Narrates Jehu's killing of Joram (son of Ahab) and the wounding/death of Ahaziah of Judah — a close parallel to Chronicles’ summary of Jehu's purge and its effect on Ahaziah's circle.
- 2 Kings 10:11-17 (verbal): Records Jehu's massacre of Ahab's supporters and relatives (including those connected with Ahaziah), giving fuller detail of the killings that 2 Chronicles 22:8 summarizes.
- 2 Chronicles 22:6-9 (structural): Immediate chiastic/contextual material within Chronicles that frames verse 8 — describes the campaign, Ahaziah's visit to Jehoram, and the subsequent actions of Jehu against Ahaziah’s men.
Alternative generated candidates
- When Jehu executed judgment on the house of Ahab, he found the commanders of Judah and the kinsmen of Ahaziah attending Ahaziah, and he put them to the sword.
- When Jehu executed judgment on the house of Ahab, he found the princes of Judah and the kinsmen of Ahaziah who served Ahaziah, and he killed them.
2 C.22.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויבקש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- אחזיהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- וילכדהו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- והוא: CONJ+PRON,3,m,sg
- מתחבא: VERB,hitpael,ptc,3,m,sg
- בשמרון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויבאהו: CONJ+VERB,hiph,perf,3,mp
- אל: NEG
- יהוא: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- וימתהו: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg,obj:3,m,sg
- ויקברהו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl,obj=3m
- כי: CONJ
- אמרו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהושפט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- אשר: PRON,rel
- דרש: VERB,qal,ptc,ms,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לבבו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss:3,m,sg
- ואין: CONJ+PART,exist
- לבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cns
- אחזיהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לעצר: VERB,qal,inf
- כח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לממלכה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 9:27-28 (verbal): Direct parallel account of Ahaziah's flight and death at Jehu's hands; Chronicles and Kings recount the same event with differing details.
- 2 Kings 9:14-29 (structural): Broader narrative of Jehu's anointing and purge of Ahab's house—context for Jehu's killing of Ahaziah and the transfer of power.
- 1 Kings 22:41-43 (verbal): Description of Jehoshaphat as one who 'sought the LORD with all his heart,' the same characterization invoked in 2 Chr 22:9 to explain sympathy for Ahaziah as Jehoshaphat's son.
- 2 Chronicles 20:32 (thematic): Chronicles' portrayal of Jehoshaphat's wholehearted devotion to Yahweh echoes the claim in 2 Chr 22:9 that his son bore that reputation, which influenced political treatment of Ahaziah.
Alternative generated candidates
- They sought Ahaziah and seized him, for he was hiding in Samaria; and they brought him to Jehu, who slew him and buried him, for they said, ‘He is a son of Jehoshaphat who sought the LORD with all his heart.’ There was none of Ahaziah’s house able to retain the kingdom.
- They sought Ahaziah and seized him, though he hid himself in Samaria; they brought him to Jehu, and he killed him and buried him—because they said, 'He is the son of Jehoshaphat, who sought the LORD with all his heart'—and there was no strength in the house of Ahaziah to retain the kingdom.
And the inhabitants of Jerusalem made Ahaziah his youngest son king in his place, for all the leaders of the raiding bands who went out in the fields had been killed; so Ahaziah son of Jehoram became king of Judah.
Ahaziah was forty-two years old when he began to reign; he reigned one year in Jerusalem. His mother's name was Athaliah daughter of Omri.
He also walked in the ways of the house of Ahab, for his mother was his counselor to do wickedly.
He did evil in the sight of the LORD, like the house of Ahab, for they were his counselors after his father's death to bring him to ruin.
At their counsel he went, and he joined Joram son of Ahab king of Israel to fight against Hazael king of Aram at Ramoth-gilead; and the Arameans wounded Joram.
He returned to be healed at Jezreel, for the men who had struck him at Ramah in the battle against Hazael king of Aram had wounded him. Azariah son of Jehoram king of Judah went down to see Joram son of Ahab at Jezreel, because he was sick. And it was from the LORD that Ahaziah came to see Joram; and when he came, he went out with Joram to meet Jehu son of Nimshi, whom the LORD had anointed to cut off the house of Ahab.
When Jehu was executing judgment on the house of Ahab, he found the chiefs of Judah and the kinsmen of Ahaziah who ministered to him, and he killed them.
He sought Ahaziah and seized him, for he was hiding in Samaria; and they brought him to Jehu, and he killed him and buried him, for they said, 'He is a son of Jehoshaphat who sought the LORD with all his heart.' The house of Ahaziah had no strength to retain the kingdom.