Esau’s Descendants
Genesis 36:1-30
Gen.36.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואלה: CONJ+DEM,pl,abs
- תלדות: NOUN,f,pl,cs
- עשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- אדום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 25:30-34 (verbal): Earliest etiological note for the name 'Edom'—Esau eats red stew and is called Edom, directly explaining the identification ‘he is Edom.’
- Genesis 36:9 (structural): Immediate parallel within the same chapter: a repeated genealogical heading and expansion describing Esau/Edom and his settlements—continuation of the ‘these are the generations/this is Esau’ formula.
- 1 Chronicles 1:34-36 (structural): Chronicles repeats and summarizes Esau/Edom genealogies and chiefs, paralleling Genesis 36’s purpose as a record of Esau’s descendants and the Edomites.
- Malachi 1:2-3 (thematic): Later prophetic reflection contrasting Jacob and Esau (and by extension Israel and Edom), building on the identity ‘Esau = Edom’ found in Genesis.
- Romans 9:13 (quotation): Paul quotes the Jacob/Esau contrast (‘Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated’) from Malachi to make theological claims about election—an intertextual development rooted in the Esau/Edom identity of Genesis.
Alternative generated candidates
- These are the generations of Esau—he is Edom.
- And these are the generations of Esau—he is Edom.
Gen.36.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- עשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- לקח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- נשיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs,3,m
- מבנות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- כנען: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- עדה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- אילון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- החתי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- אהליבמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- ענה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- צבעון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- החוי: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Gen.26:34-35 (verbal): Earliest account that Esau took Hittite wives (Judith and Basemath) and that these marriages caused grief to Isaac and Rebekah — parallels Gen 36:2's note that Esau married Canaanite women.
- Gen.28:9 (thematic): Reports Esau later marrying Mahalath daughter of Ishmael to please his parents; thematically linked to Esau's marriages and the attempt to align with family/kin (and to the Basemath/Ismael tradition in Gen 36:3).
- Gen.27:46 (thematic): Rebekah's lament that Esau's Hittite wives are displeasing to her — provides the parental/religious reaction behind the narrative that Gen 36:2 describes.
- Gen.36:3 (structural): Immediate parallel/continuation in the same chapter listing Esau's other wife (Basemath, daughter of Ishmael) and his children — complements Gen 36:2's naming of Adah and Oholibamah.
Alternative generated candidates
- Esau took his wives from the daughters of Canaan: Adah daughter of Elon the Hittite, and Oholibamah daughter of Anah, daughter of Zibeon the Hivvite,
- Esau took his wives from the daughters of Canaan: Adah daughter of Elon the Hittite, and Oholibamah daughter of Anah, daughter of Zibeon the Hivite,
Gen.36.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- בשמת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- ישמעאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחות: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- נביות: NOUN,prop,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 26:34-35 (thematic): Mentions Esau's marriages to women named Judith and Basemath (Hittites) and the grief they caused Isaac and Rebekah — highlights the recurring name Basemath and the theme of Esau's foreign marriages.
- Genesis 28:9 (verbal): Records that Esau took Mahalath (here identified as the daughter of Ishmael, sister of Nebajoth) — parallels Gen 36:3 where the wife is called Basemath daughter of Ishmael, showing variant names for the same wife.
- Genesis 36:2 (structural): Immediate parallel within the same genealogical passage listing Esau's wives (names and origins); 36:2–3 together form the roster of his wives in the chapter.
- 1 Chronicles 1:35 (verbal): Chronicles repeats the genealogy, explicitly naming Basemath the daughter of Ishmael, sister of Nebajoth, echoing the wording of Gen 36:3 and preserving the alternate genealogical tradition.
Alternative generated candidates
- and Basemath, daughter of Ishmael, sister of Nebaioth.
- and Basemath daughter of Ishmael, sister of Nebaioth.
Gen.36.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ותלד: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- עדה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לעשו: PREP
- את: PRT,acc
- אליפז: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ובשמת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ילדה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- רעואל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Gen.36.2-5 (structural): Immediate parallel within the same chapter listing Esau’s wives and the sons they bore (the verse is part of this genealogical sequence).
- Gen.26.34-35 (verbal): Earlier account naming Esau’s Hittite wives (Judith and Basemath); contrasts with the names and parentage given in Gen 36, illustrating variant traditions about Esau’s spouses.
- Gen.28.9 (thematic): Records Esau taking a daughter of Ishmael (Mahalath) as a wife—linked to Gen 36’s identification of one wife as daughter of Ishmael (Basemath/Mahalath), showing overlapping traditions about Esau’s marriages.
- 1 Chronicles 1:35 (verbal): Chronicles repeats the genealogy of Esau’s descendants (including Eliphaz and Reuel), paralleling Genesis 36’s genealogical report and confirming the tradition in a later register.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Adah bore to Esau Eliphaz, and Basemath bore Reuel.
- And Adah bore to Esau Eliphaz, and Basemath bore Reuel.
Gen.36.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואהליבמה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ילדה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- יעוש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- יעלם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- קרח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- עשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- אשר: PRON,rel
- ילדו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- כנען: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 36:2 (verbal): Names Aholibamah (Oholibamah) as one of Esau's wives — directly connects the mother named in 36:5 with the earlier identification of Esau’s wife.
- Genesis 36:9-12 (structural): Immediate genealogical context: these verses list the other sons of Esau by Adah and Basemath, showing the full enumeration of Esau’s offspring alongside the children named in 36:5.
- 1 Chronicles 1:35-37 (quotation): Chronicles repeats the genealogy of Esau, including Jeush, Jalam and Korah as sons (attributing them to the same mothers), functioning as a direct parallel/recapitulation of Genesis 36:5.
- Genesis 26:34-35 (thematic): Earlier account of Esau marrying Canaanite women provides background for the statement in 36:5 that these sons were born to Esau 'in the land of Canaan' and explains the Canaanite maternal lines.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Oholibamah bore Jeush and Jalam and Korah. These are the sons of Esau who were born to him in the land of Canaan.
- And Oholibamah bore Jeush and Jalam and Korah; these are the sons of Esau who were born to him in the land of Canaan.
Gen.36.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- נשיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs,3,m
- ואת: CONJ
- בניו: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- ואת: CONJ
- בנתיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs+3ms
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- נפשות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ביתו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- מקנהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- בהמתו: NOUN,f,sg,suff
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- קנינו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1,pl
- אשר: PRON,rel
- רכש: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- כנען: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וילך: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מפני: PREP
- יעקב: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אחיו: NOUN,3,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 26:34-35 (thematic): Reports Esau’s marriages to Hittite (Canaanite) women and how they grieved Isaac and Rebekah—background motive for separation between the brothers and for Esau’s later departure.
- Genesis 28:6-9 (verbal): Describes Esau taking another wife (Mahalath, daughter of Ishmael) after Jacob’s departure; parallels the account of Esau’s marriages and movement of his household away from Jacob’s household.
- Genesis 33:14-16 (structural): Narrates Esau’s decision to return to the hill country of Seir after reuniting with Jacob—parallels Gen 36:6–8’s account of Esau’s relocation and settlement in Seir/Edom.
- Deuteronomy 2:4-5 (allusion): Refers to the territory of Esau (Mount Seir/Edom) as the possession of the descendants of Esau and directs Israel’s dealings with them—ties the migration in Gen 36:6 to the later territorial identity of Edom.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Esau took his wives and his sons and his daughters and all the persons of his household, and his livestock and all his beasts and all his property that he had acquired in the land of Canaan, and went to a land away from Jacob his brother.
- And Esau took his wives and his sons and his daughters and all the persons of his household, and his livestock and all his cattle and all his possessions that he had acquired in the land of Canaan, and he went to a land away from Jacob his brother.
Gen.36.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- רכושם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,pl
- רב: ADJ,m,sg
- משבת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יחדו: ADV
- ולא: CONJ
- יכלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מגוריהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3,m,pl
- לשאת: VERB,qal,inf
- אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
- מפני: PREP
- מקניהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3,m,pl
Parallels
- Gen.13:6-7 (verbal): Almost identical language: Abram and Lot separate because 'the land could not bear them' and 'their substance was great,' causing them to dwell apart — a direct verbal parallel.
- Gen.26:12-15 (thematic): Isaac's great wealth ('his substance was great') provokes the envy of the Philistines and leads to conflict and relocation — similar theme of prosperity causing local pressure.
- Gen.31:1-2 (thematic): Jacob's growing wealth and flocks provoke envy among Laban's household, precipitating Jacob's departure — another instance where prosperity produces hostility and movement.
- Exod.1:9-10 (thematic): The Egyptians fear Israel's increase and respond with measures to curb them — a broader thematic parallel in which increase (people or property) leads to hostility and pressure on the group.
Alternative generated candidates
- For their possessions were too many for them to dwell together, and the land of their sojournings could not support them because of their livestock.
- For their possessions were too great for them to dwell together, and the land of their sojourning could not support them because of their livestock.
Gen.36.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- עשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- בהר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- שעיר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- אדום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 33:14-16 (verbal): Reports Esau’s return to Mount Seir after meeting Jacob—explicitly states he went back to Seir, paralleling the claim that Esau dwelt in Mount Seir.
- Genesis 36:9 (structural): Immediate genealogical / narrative parallel within the same chapter that repeats/formalizes Esau’s identification as Edom and the settlement of his line in Mount Seir.
- Deuteronomy 2:4-5 (thematic): God’s allotment of Mount Seir to Esau as a possession explains and thematically supports why Esau/Edom inhabit Seir in Genesis 36:8.
- Numbers 20:14-21 (verbal): Israel’s request to pass through Edom refers to “the sons of Esau who dwell in Seir,” echoing the wording and the association of Esau with Seir/Edom.
- Obadiah 1:2-4 (thematic): The oracle against Edom (descendants of Esau) emphasizes their identity and dwelling in rocky highlands (Seir) and underscores the ethnic/territorial characterization found in Genesis 36:8.
Alternative generated candidates
- So Esau settled in the hill country of Seir; Esau is Edom.
- So Esau settled in the hill-country of Seir—Esau is Edom.
Gen.36.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואלה: CONJ+DEM,pl,abs
- תלדות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- עשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- אבי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- אדום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בהר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- שעיר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Gen.36:8 (verbal): Same geographical identification — Esau/Idumea associated with Mount Seir; echoes the wording that Esau dwelt in Mount Seir and is called Edom.
- 1 Chron.1:35-54 (quotation): The genealogies of Esau and the lists of chiefs of Seir are largely repeated verbatim in Chronicles, reproducing the ‘generations of Esau/Idumea’ material.
- Deut.2:4-5 (thematic): God’s command concerning passing by the land of Esau and Mount Seir links the territorial and familial identity of Edom/Seir to Israel’s border history.
- Obadiah 1:1, 1:3-4 (allusion): The prophet’s oracle concerning Edom centers on Mount Seir and the nation descended from Esau, reflecting the same Edomite identity established in Genesis 36.
Alternative generated candidates
- These are the generations of Esau, father of Edom, in the hill country of Seir:
- And these are the generations of Esau, ancestor of Edom, in the hill-country of Seir.
Gen.36.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- שמות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- עשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- אליפז: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עדה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אשת: NOUN,f,sg,cns
- עשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- רעואל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בשמת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אשת: NOUN,f,sg,cns
- עשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Genesis 36:11 (structural): Direct continuation of the same genealogy — lists the sons of Eliphaz (named in 36:10) and records Timna/Amalek, linking Esau’s offspring to later nations.
- Genesis 26:34-35 (verbal): Earlier account naming Esau’s Hittite wives (including Basemath) and noting that his marriages distressed Isaac and Rebekah; parallels the identification of Basemath as one of Esau’s wives in 36:10.
- Genesis 36:9 (structural): Framing verse for the chapter’s genealogies of Esau/Edom — establishes the material (the generations of Esau) of which 36:10 is part.
- 1 Chronicles 1:35 (quotation): Chronicles repeats the genealogical tradition of Esau’s sons (including Eliphaz and Reuel), closely paralleling the names and order found in Genesis 36:10.
Alternative generated candidates
- These are the names of Esau’s sons: Eliphaz son of Adah, Esau’s wife; Reuel son of Basemath, Esau’s wife.
- These are the names of Esau’s sons: Eliphaz son of Adah, Esau’s wife; Reuel son of Basemath, Esau’s wife.
Gen.36.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהיו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- אליפז: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תימן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אומר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- צפו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וגעתם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וקנז: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 36:10-14 (verbal): Immediate genealogical context — the same list of Eliphaz and his sons (including Teman, Omar, Zephi, Gatam, Kenaz) appears in the surrounding verses of the Esau/Seir genealogies.
- 1 Chronicles 1:36 (verbal): Chronicles repeats the Genesis genealogies; it lists the same descendants of Eliphaz (including Teman), echoing the names in Genesis 36:11.
- Job 2:11; 4:1 (verbal): Eliphaz is called “the Temanite” in Job (the friends who visit Job and Eliphaz’s speech), linking the personal name Eliphaz and the place/tribe Teman found in Genesis 36:11.
- Obadiah 1:9 (thematic): Teman is invoked elsewhere as an Edomite place/people in prophetic judgment literature (Obadiah), connecting the genealogical name in Genesis 36:11 with later references to the region and its fate.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the sons of Eliphaz were Teman, Omar, Zepho, Gatam, and Kenaz.
- And the sons of Eliphaz were Teman, Omar, Zepho, Gatam, and Kenaz.
Gen.36.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ותמנע: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- היתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- פילגש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לאליפז: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- ותלד: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- לאליפז: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- עמלק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- עדה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אשת: NOUN,f,sg,cns
- עשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 1:36 (verbal): Direct repetition of the genealogy: Timna as concubine to Eliphaz and the birth of Amalek, echoing Genesis' account of Amalek’s origin.
- Exodus 17:8–16 (thematic): Earliest recorded conflict with Amalek (attack on Israel at Rephidim); connects the genealogical origin in Genesis to Amalek’s later antagonism toward Israel.
- Numbers 24:20 (allusion): Balaam’s oracle mentions Amalek among the nations and predicts its fate, reflecting the emergence of Amalek as a distinct people traced back to Genesis.
- Deuteronomy 25:17–19 (thematic): Command to remember Amalek’s attack on Israel and to blot out their memory — theological and historical consequence of Amalek’s identity founded in Genesis 36:12.
- 1 Samuel 15:2–3 (quotation): Divine commission to Saul to destroy Amalek, showing the long-term national hostility and divine judgment tied to the people whose progenitor is named in Genesis 36:12.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Timna was concubine to Eliphaz son of Esau; she bore to Eliphaz Amalek. These are the sons of Adah, Esau’s wife.
- And Timna was concubine to Eliphaz son of Esau, and she bore to Eliphaz Amalek. These are the sons of Adah, Esau’s wife.
Gen.36.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואלה: CONJ+DEM,pl,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- רעואל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נחת: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וזרח: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שמה: ADV
- ומזה: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- היו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- בשמת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אשת: NOUN,f,sg,cns
- עשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Gen.36:10-14 (structural): Immediate context: the same genealogical section listing Reuel (also called Duah in some traditions) and his sons (Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, Mizzah) — direct parallel within the chapter.
- Gen.26:34-35 (verbal): Earlier mention of Esau’s marriages, naming Basemath (daughter of Ishmael) and Judith — connects the wife-name Basemath cited in Gen 36:13 and the tradition of Esau’s wives.
- Gen.28:9 (thematic): Reports Esau taking Mahalath, daughter of Ishmael, as a wife — reflects variant naming (Mahalath/Basemath) and the theme of Esau’s marriages into Ishmael’s line.
- 1 Chr. 1:35-42 (quotation): Chronicles repeats the Edomite genealogies (including Reuel’s sons) as a direct genealogical parallel, preserving the same names found in Genesis 36.
Alternative generated candidates
- And these are the sons of Reuel: Nahath and Zerah, Shammah and Mizzah. These were the sons of Basemath, Esau’s wife.
- And these are the sons of Reuel: Nahath and Zerah, Shammah and Mizzah. These are the sons of Basemath, Esau’s wife.
Gen.36.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואלה: CONJ+DEM,pl,abs
- היו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- אהליבמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- ענה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- צבעון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשת: NOUN,f,sg,cns
- עשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- ותלד: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- לעשו: PREP
- את: PRT,acc
- יעוש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- יעלם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- קרח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Gen.36:2-3 (verbal): Repeats the same identity of Oholibamah (Aholibamah) daughter of Anah daughter of Zibeon as a wife of Esau and introduces her as mother of Jeush, Jalam and Korah—direct verbal overlap within the Esau genealogies.
- Gen.36:15-19 (structural): Continuation of the Genealogical/tribal listing of Esau’s descendants and chiefs; places the sons named in 36:14 within the broader Edomite tribal structure.
- Gen.26:34-35 (thematic): Reports Esau’s marriages to Canaanite/Hittite women (Judith and Basemath) which provoked Isaac and Rebekah—thematically related to 36:14’s account of Esau’s foreign wives and offspring.
- 1 Chr.1:35-54 (verbal): Chronicles reproduces and expands the genealogical material found in Genesis 36, listing Esau’s descendants and Edomite chiefs and thereby echoing the names and lineal lines (including wives and sons) found in 36:14.
Alternative generated candidates
- And these were the sons of Oholibamah daughter of Anah, daughter of Zibeon, Esau’s wife: she bore to Esau Jeush and Jalam and Korah.
- And these are the sons of Oholibamah daughter of Anah, daughter of Zibeon, Esau’s wife: she bore to Esau Jeush and Jalam and Korah.
Gen.36.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- אלופי: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- עשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- אליפז: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- בכור: NOUN,m,sg,const
- עשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- אלוף: NOUN,m,sg,cstr
- תימן: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- אלוף: NOUN,m,sg,cstr
- אומר: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- אלוף: NOUN,m,sg,cstr
- צפו: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- אלוף: NOUN,m,sg,cstr
- קנז: NOUN,prop,m,sg
Parallels
- Gen.36:11-14 (verbal): Names the sons of Eliphaz (the family identified in v.15 as producing the 'alufim'), providing the immediate genealogical background for the chiefs listed in v.15.
- Gen.36:40-43 (verbal): A later recapitulation in the same chapter that repeats the lists of Edomite dukes/chiefs (alufim), paralleling the names and territorial organization of v.15.
- Gen.36:17-18 (structural): Lists the chiefs/dukes of Esau and the Horite chiefs; parallels v.15 in genre and function—recording tribal leaders and territorial groupings among Edomites.
- 1 Chron.1:36-37 (quotation): Chronicles reproduces the genealogical list of Esau's descendants and their chiefs, echoing Genesis 36 (including the chiefs of Eliphaz) and serving as a later canonical parallel.
Alternative generated candidates
- These are the chiefs of the sons of Esau: the sons of Eliphaz, firstborn of Esau—Chief Teman, Chief Omar, Chief Zepho, Chief Kenaz,
- These are the chiefs of the sons of Esau: the sons of Eliphaz, firstborn of Esau—chief Teman, chief Omar, chief Zepho, chief Kenaz,
Gen.36.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אלוף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קרח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלוף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- געתם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלוף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עמלק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- אלופי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- אליפז: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- אדום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- עדה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Gen.36:12 (verbal): Names Amalek as a son of Eliphaz by Timna — same family line referenced in 36:16 (the appearance of 'Amalek' and Eliphaz's chiefs).
- Gen.36:15 (structural): Adjacent verse in the same chapter that introduces and lists the 'aluph' (chiefs/dukes) of Edom — the present verse is part of this contiguous chiefs/genealogical listing.
- Gen.36:40-43 (structural): Continues the pattern of listing chiefs/dukes of Esau's descendants (Reuel and Seir); parallels the organizational/genealogical function of 36:16 within the chapter's catalogue of leaders.
- 1 Chr.1:36-42 (quotation): Chronicles preserves a parallel genealogy of Esau/Edom that largely repeats the names and lists of chiefs found in Genesis 36, reflecting a direct literary dependence.
- Deut.25:17-19 (thematic): Commands Israel to remember and blot out Amalek — thematically linked because Amalek in Gen 36:16 originates as a descendant of Eliphaz/Esau, explaining later Israelite memory and hostility toward Amalek.
Alternative generated candidates
- Chief Korah, Chief Gatam, Chief Amalek. These are the chiefs of Eliphaz in the land of Edom; these are the sons of Adah.
- chief Korah, chief Gatam, chief Amalek. These are the chiefs of Eliphaz in the land of Edom; these are the sons of Adah.
Gen.36.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואלה: CONJ+DEM,pl,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- רעואל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- אלוף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נחת: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלוף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- זרח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלוף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שמה: ADV
- אלוף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מזה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- אלופי: NOUN,m,pl,const
- רעואל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- אדום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- בשמת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אשת: NOUN,f,sg,cns
- עשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Genesis 36:15 (structural): Verse 15 introduces the same catalogue formula—'These are the chiefs (אלופים) of the sons of Esau'—linking the chapter’s lists of chiefs to the specific names given in v.17.
- Genesis 36:40-43 (thematic): A later, parallel list of the chiefs of Esau/Edom in the same chapter; shows another grouping of Edomite leaders and complements the tribal/genealogical material in v.17.
- Genesis 26:34 (verbal): Names Basem/Basmath as one of Esau’s wives (the wife referred to in v.17), directly connecting v.17’s reference to 'the sons of Basem (בשמת) the wife of Esau' with earlier narrative identification of Esau’s wives.
- 1 Chronicles 1:36-42 (quotation): Chronicles largely reproduces Genesis 36’s genealogies and chiefs (including Reuel’s descendants), functioning as a direct echo/quotation of the same names and tribal lines found in v.17.
- Obadiah 1:6 (thematic): Speaks of searching out the things of Esau/Edom and implicitly of Edom’s nobles; thematically related to Genesis 36’s focus on Edomite chiefs and tribal leadership.
Alternative generated candidates
- And these are the sons of Reuel son of Esau: Chief Nahath, Chief Zerah, Chief Shammah, Chief Mizzah. These are the chiefs of Reuel in the land of Edom; these are the sons of Basemath, Esau’s wife.
- And these are the sons of Reuel son of Esau: chief Nahath, chief Zerah, chief Shammah, chief Mizzah. These are the chiefs of Reuel in the land of Edom; these are the sons of Basemath, Esau’s wife.
Gen.36.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואלה: CONJ+DEM,pl,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- אהליבמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אשת: NOUN,f,sg,cns
- עשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- אלוף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יעוש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלוף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יעלם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלוף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קרח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- אלופי: NOUN,m,pl,constr
- אהליבמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- ענה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשת: NOUN,f,sg,cns
- עשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Genesis 36:15-19 (verbal): Immediate repetition/parallel within the same chapter listing the chiefs and the sons of Oholibamah by name — the names and designation as 'chiefs' recur verbatim in the genealogical catalogue.
- Genesis 36:20-30 (structural): Continues the genealogical and chieftain lists of Esau's descendants and Edomite clans; structurally parallel as part of the chapter's repeated clan/leader enumerations that place Oholibamah's line among other Edomite chiefs.
- Genesis 36:2-5 (thematic): Introduces Esau's marriages and immediate offspring (wives and sons), providing the narrative context for the genealogy in 36:18 — connects theme of Esau's wives producing clans and chiefs including Oholibamah's sons.
- 1 Chronicles 1:35-37 (verbal): A later genealogical recapitulation in Chronicles that lists Edomite names and chiefs corresponding to Genesis 36, repeating the ancestral/tribal names (including descendants of Esau) in parallel form.
- Obadiah 1:1 (thematic): Prophetic address concerning Edom (Esau) — thematically related to Genesis 36's focus on Esau's descendants and the establishment of Edomite identity and leadership traced through names like those in 36:18.
Alternative generated candidates
- And these are the sons of Oholibamah, Esau’s wife: Chief Jeush, Chief Jalam, Chief Korah. These are the chiefs of Oholibamah daughter of Anah, Esau’s wife.
- And these are the sons of Oholibamah, Esau’s wife: chief Jeush, chief Jalam, chief Korah; these are the chiefs of Oholibamah daughter of Anah, Esau’s wife.
Gen.36.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- עשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- ואלה: CONJ+DEM,pl,abs
- אלופיהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- אדום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 36:8 (verbal): Repeats the formula linking Esau with Edom ('Esau is Edom') and locates him in Mount Seir, echoing the identity statement about Esau's descendants in 36:19.
- Genesis 36:43 (structural): Continues the genealogical/kings material for Edom ('these are the kings that reigned in the land of Edom'), paralleling 36:19's listing of Esau's sons and chiefs.
- Deuteronomy 2:4–5 (thematic): Assigns the land of Seir to the descendants of Esau (Edom) as an ancestral possession, connecting the people named in Genesis 36 with their territorial inheritance.
- Obadiah 1:1 (thematic): A prophetic oracle 'concerning Edom' that addresses the nation descended from Esau; thematically linked to Genesis 36's establishment of Edom's identity and lineage.
Alternative generated candidates
- These are the sons of Esau, and these are their chiefs; he is Edom.
- These are the sons of Esau, and these are their chiefs—he is Edom.
Gen.36.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- שעיר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- החרי: ADJ,m,sg,def
- ישבי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- לוטן: PN,m,sg,abs
- ושובל: CONJ+PN,m,sg,abs
- וצבעון: CONJ+PN,m,sg,abs
- וענה: CONJ+PN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 1:35-54 (structural): Chronicles repeats the genealogy of Esau/Edom and the inhabitants of Seir, listing the same clans (Lotan, Shobal, Zibeon, Anah, etc.) as a parallel register to Genesis 36.
- Deuteronomy 2:12 (thematic): Refers to the Horites who formerly dwelt in Seir, directly connecting the people called 'Horite' and their habitation in the land of Seir named in Genesis 36:20.
- Deuteronomy 2:20-22 (thematic): Describes the presence and displacement of the Horites in Seir by the descendants of Esau, thematically related to the genealogical listing of Seir's Horite clans in Genesis 36.
- Genesis 36:8-14 (structural): Nearby verses in the same chapter enumerate the chiefs and families of Seir and Esau’s descendants, providing the immediate genealogical context for the names given in 36:20.
Alternative generated candidates
- These are the sons of Seir the Horite, the inhabitants of the land: Lotan and Shobal and Zibeon and Anah,
- These are the sons of Seir the Horite, the inhabitants of the land: Lotan and Shobal and Zibeon and Anah,
Gen.36.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ודשון: CONJ,NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואצר: CONJ,NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ודישן: CONJ,NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- אלופי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- החרי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- שעיר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- אדום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 36:20 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same genealogy: the lists in Genesis 36:20–30 enumerate the chiefs (אלופי החרי) of the Horites/children of Seir in the land of Edom, repeating the names and tribal headings.
- 1 Chronicles 1:43-54 (verbal): Chronicles repeats the genealogies of Esau/Edom and reproduces the list of Horite chiefs and Seir’s descendants, echoing the names and order found in Genesis 36.
- Deuteronomy 2:12 (allusion): Refers to the Horites who formerly lived in Seir and were dispossessed by the descendants of Esau—historical background that explains the presence of the Horite chiefs in Genesis 36.
- Genesis 36:31 (thematic): Within the same chapter, this verse shifts from listing tribal chiefs to naming the kings who reigned in Edom, providing a parallel account of Edomite leadership structures (chieftains vs. kings).
Alternative generated candidates
- and Dishon and Ezer and Dishan. These are the chiefs of the Horites, sons of Seir, in the land of Edom.
- and Dishon and Ezer and Dishan. These are the chiefs of the Horites, sons of Seir, in the land of Edom.
Gen.36.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהיו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- לוטן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חרי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- והימם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואחות: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לוטן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תמנע: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Gen.36.20 (structural): Introduces Lotan among the sons of Seir the Horite; Gen 36:22 then gives Lotan's immediate descendants—same genealogical cluster.
- Gen.36.12 (allusion): Earlier in the chapter Timna is described as concubine to Eliphaz and the mother of Amalek; Gen 36:22's mention of Timna connects to that wider genealogical note.
- 1 Chr. 1:36 (verbal): A near-verbatim repetition of the Lotan genealogy (Hori and Heman; Lotan's sister Timna) in the Chronicles catalogue of nations.
- Exod.17:8 (thematic): Records Amalek's later attack on Israel; thematically linked because Gen 36:22 (via Timna in Gen 36:12) identifies the origin of Amalek in the genealogies.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the sons of Lotan were Hori and Hemam; and Lotan’s sister was Timna.
- And the sons of Lotan were Hori and Hemam, and Lotan’s sister was Timna.
Gen.36.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואלה: CONJ+DEM,pl,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- שובל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עלון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ומנחת: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועיבל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שפו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואונם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 1:40 (verbal): Direct repetition of the same list — names Alvan/Alun, Manahath, Ebal, Shepho, Onam appear as the sons of Shobal in the parallel genealogical record.
- 1 Chronicles 1:38-42 (verbal): The broader genealogical section in 1 Chronicles that largely duplicates Genesis 36’s listing of the Horite/Seir families, including the sons of Shobal.
- Genesis 36:20 (structural): Introduces Shobal as one of the sons/chiefs of Seir; Gen 36:23 then specifies Shobal’s own sons — the verse fits into this immediate genealogical structure.
- Genesis 36:20-30 (thematic): The extended genealogy of the Horite chiefs in Seir; Gen 36:23 is one entry within this block that systematically records family groups and chiefdoms.
Alternative generated candidates
- And these are the sons of Shobal: Alvan and Manahath and Ebal, Shepho and Onam.
- And these are the sons of Shobal: Alvan and Manahath and Ebal, Shepho and Onam.
Gen.36.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואלה: CONJ+DEM,pl,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- צבעון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואיה: ADV,interr
- וענה: CONJ
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- ענה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- מצא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הימם: NOUN,m,pl,def
- במדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ברעתו: PREP
- את: PRT,acc
- החמרים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- לצבעון: PREP
- אביו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 1:39 (quotation): Direct repetition of Genesis 36:24 in the Chronicler’s genealogical recension — repeats the identification of Anah and the episode of finding mules in the wilderness.
- Genesis 36:20 (structural): Within the same chapter: lists the sons of Seir (including Zibeon), providing the immediate genealogical context for Gen 36:24’s mention of Zibeon and his son Anah.
- Genesis 36:23 (structural): Part of the clustered genealogical entries that enumerate the families of Seir/Zibeon; this verse belongs to the same listing that frames the note about Anah in v.24.
- Genesis 36:1 (thematic): Opens the chapter’s genealogical account of Esau/Seir (Edom), of which v.24 is a small family-history note; highlights the broader theme of Edomite lineages and chiefs.
Alternative generated candidates
- And these are the sons of Zibeon: Aiah and Anah—he is the Anah who found the hot springs in the wilderness while he was pasturing the donkeys of Zibeon his father.
- And these are the sons of Zibeon: Aiah and Anah—he is the Anah who found the hot springs in the wilderness while he was pasturing the donkeys of Zibeon his father.
Gen.36.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואלה: CONJ+DEM,pl,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ענה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דשן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואהליבמה: CONJ,NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- ענה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 36:2 (verbal): Names Oholibamah explicitly as 'the daughter of Anah' (one of Esau's wives), repeating the same personal designation found here.
- Genesis 36:24 (allusion): Refers to Anah again—'Anah who found the mules in the wilderness'—providing an identifying anecdote about the same Anah named in Genesis 36:25.
- Genesis 36:26 (structural): Gives the descendants of Dishon (identified here as a son of Anah), linking Dishon’s progeny to the family line introduced in 36:25.
- 1 Chronicles 1:36 (verbal): The Chronicler repeats the Seir/Edom genealogies and lists Anah, Dishon and related names, paralleling the Genesis roster and confirming the same family connections.
Alternative generated candidates
- And these are the children of Anah: Dishon, and Oholibamah daughter of Anah.
- And these are the children of Anah: Dishon and Oholibamah daughter of Anah.
Gen.36.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואלה: CONJ+DEM,pl,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- דישן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חמדן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואשבן: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויתרן: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכרן: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 36:20-30 (structural): Immediate context: the chapter's Horite/Edomite genealogical list. Verse 26 is part of this contiguous catalog of Seir’s descendants and chiefs, listing Dishon’s sons.
- Genesis 36:1-8 (thematic): Broader Edomite genealogy and narrative frame (Esau/Seir). Verse 26 fits the overall theme of recording Esau’s descendants and the territorial/chief structures among the Edomites.
- 1 Chronicles 1:38-42 (verbal): Chronicles repeats the Genesis Edomite/Horite genealogies. These verses correspond to Genesis 36:20–30 and reproduce the list of Dishon’s sons (Hemdan, Eshban, Ithran, Cheran) and related chiefs.
- Genesis 36:40-43 (thematic): Another listing of Horite chiefs in the land of Seir; parallels the function and structure of the genealogical/chief lists in which Dishon’s sons are enumerated.
Alternative generated candidates
- And these are the sons of Dishon: Hemdan and Eshban and Ithran and Cheran.
- And these are the sons of Dishan: Hemdan and Eshban and Ithran and Cheran.
Gen.36.27 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- אצר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בלהן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וזעון: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועקן: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 36:20-30 (verbal): The immediate genealogy and list of the sons/chiefs of Seir the Horite; repeats the same names and family grouping to which Gen. 36:27 belongs.
- 1 Chronicles 1:36-42 (verbal): The Chronicler reproduces the Edomite/Seir genealogies from Genesis, listing the same family names and chiefs corresponding to Genesis 36 (parallel genealogical material).
- Genesis 36:31-43 (structural): Continuation of the chapter's structural treatment of Edomite families—lists of dukes and kings of Edom that follow the same genealogical framework as v.27.
- Deuteronomy 2:4-5 (thematic): Refers to Seir/Esau's possession of the land and Israel's instructions not to harass the descendants of Esau—thematises the historical territory and status of the people named in Gen. 36:27.
- Obadiah 1:3-9, 18-19 (thematic): Prophetic denunciation of Edom (the descendants of Esau/Seir); thematically related to the identity and future of the Edomite clans listed in Genesis 36.
Alternative generated candidates
- These are the sons of Ezer: Bilhan, Zaavan, and Akan.
- These are the sons of Ezer: Bilhan and Zaavan and Akan.
Gen.36.28 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- דישן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עוץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וארן: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 36:20-30 (structural): Part of the same Edomite genealogy — the broader list of Seir/ Horite chiefs in which Dishon and his descendants are enumerated.
- Genesis 36:22 (verbal): Names Dishon among the sons/chiefs of Seir (the Horite context), linking Dishon here to the earlier listing of Seir’s descendants.
- 1 Chronicles 1:40-41 (quotation): An explicit repetition of the Genesis tradition: the Chronicler lists the sons of Dishon (Hemdan, Eshban, Ithran, Cheran), paralleling Genesis’ genealogical record.
- Genesis 36:43 (thematic): Summarizes the chiefs and territorial organization of Edom (sons of Esau), providing the historical/ethnic context for the genealogical entries like the sons of Dishon.
Alternative generated candidates
- These are the sons of Dishan: Uz and Aran.
- These are the sons of Dishan: Uz and Aran.
Gen.36.29 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- אלופי: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- החרי: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אלוף: NOUN,m,sg,cstr
- לוטן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלוף: NOUN,m,sg,cstr
- שובל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלוף: NOUN,m,sg,cstr
- צבעון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלוף: NOUN,m,sg,cstr
- ענה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 36:9 (verbal): An earlier list of the sons of Seir the Horite that names Lotan, Shobal, Zibeon and Anah — the same personal names found among the Horite chiefs.
- Genesis 36:20-29 (verbal): The broader context that contains verse 36:29 — a contiguous roster of the Horite 'aluphim' (chiefs), of which this verse is a part.
- Genesis 36:31-43 (structural): A subsequent section in the same chapter listing the kings and additional chiefs of Edom; parallels the subject of regional leaders and the organization of Esau/Seir's household.
- 1 Chronicles 1:38-42 (verbal): Chronicles repeats the Genesis genealogical material, reproducing the list of Seir's sons and the Horite chiefs (including Timna, Lotan, Shobal, Zibeon, Anah), showing a direct textual parallel.
Alternative generated candidates
- These are the chiefs of the Horites: Chief Lotan, Chief Shobal, Chief Zibeon, Chief Anah,
- These are the chiefs of the Horites: chief Lotan, chief Shobal, chief Zibeon, chief Anah,
Gen.36.30 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אלוף: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- דשן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלוף: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- אצר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלוף: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- דישן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- אלופי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- החרי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- לאלפיהם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs,3,m,pl
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- שעיר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 36:20–29 (verbal): Immediate parallel within the same chapter listing the chiefs (aluph) of the Horites in Seir; many of the same names appear and the same catalogue-form is used.
- Genesis 36:31–43 (structural): Continuation of the Seir/Edom material in the same chapter—after listing the Horite chiefs (v.20–30) the text transitions to the kings and dukes of Edom, showing the broader political/ethnic organization of the region.
- 1 Chronicles 1:38–42 (verbal): Chronicles repeats the Genesis genealogy and list of Horite/Seir chiefs with largely identical names, functioning as a parallel genealogical recension.
- Deuteronomy 2:12 (thematic): Refers to the Horites who formerly dwelt in Seir (and were dispossessed), thematically connecting to Genesis 36’s identification of the Horite chiefs and the historical/territorial background of Seir/Edom.
Alternative generated candidates
- Chief Dishon, Chief Ezer, Chief Dishan—these are the chiefs of the Horites, by their clans, in the land of Seir.
- chief Dishon, chief Ezer, chief Dishan. These are the chiefs of the Horites by their clans in the land of Seir.
These are the generations of Esau—he is Edom.
Esau took his wives from the daughters of Canaan: Adah daughter of Elon the Hittite, and Oholibamah daughter of Anah, daughter of Zibeon the Hivite,
and Basemath daughter of Ishmael, sister of Nebaioth. And Adah bore Eliphaz to Esau, and Basemath bore Reuel. And Oholibamah bore Jeush and Jalam and Korah. These are the sons of Esau who were born to him in the land of Canaan. And Esau took his wives and his sons and his daughters and all the persons of his household, and his livestock and all his animals and all his possessions that he had acquired in the land of Canaan, and went to a land away from Jacob his brother.
For their possessions were too many for them to dwell together, and the land of their sojourning could not sustain them because of their livestock. So Esau settled in the hill-country of Seir—Esau is Edom.
These are the generations of Esau, the father of Edom, in the hill-country of Seir:
These are the names of the sons of Esau: Eliphaz, son of Adah, Esau’s wife; Reuel, son of Basemath, Esau’s wife. And the sons of Eliphaz were Teman, Omar, Zepho, and Gatam, and Kenaz. And Timna was concubine to Eliphaz son of Esau, and she bore Amalek to Eliphaz. These are the sons of Adah, Esau’s wife. And these are the sons of Reuel: Nahath and Zerah, Shammah and Mizzah. These were the sons of Basemath, Esau’s wife. And these were the sons of Oholibamah daughter of Anah, daughter of Zibeon, Esau’s wife: she bore to Esau Jeush and Jalam and Korah.
These are the chiefs of the sons of Esau: the sons of Eliphaz, the firstborn of Esau—chief Teman, chief Omar, chief Zepho, chief Kenaz,
chief Korah, chief Gatam, chief Amalek. These are the chiefs of Eliphaz in the land of Edom; these are the sons of Adah. And these are the sons of Reuel son of Esau: chief Nahath, chief Zerah, chief Shammah, chief Mizzah. These are the chiefs of Reuel in the land of Edom; these are the sons of Basemath, Esau’s wife. And these are the sons of Oholibamah, Esau’s wife: chief Jeush, chief Jalam, chief Korah. These are the chiefs of Oholibamah daughter of Anah, Esau’s wife.
These are the sons of Esau, and these are their chiefs—he is Edom.
These are the sons of Seir the Horite, inhabitants of the land: Lotan and Shobal and Zibeon and Anah,
and Dishon and Ezer and Dishan. These are the chiefs of the Horite, the sons of Seir, in the land of Edom. And the sons of Lotan were Hori and Hemam; and the sister of Lotan was Timna. And these are the sons of Shobal: Alvan and Manahath and Ebal, Shepho and Onam. And these are the sons of Zibeon: Aiah and Anah—he is the Anah who found the hot springs in the wilderness as he pastured the donkeys of Zibeon his father. And these are the sons of Anah: Dishon, and Oholibamah daughter of Anah. And these are the sons of Dishan: Hemdan and Eshban and Ithran and Cheran.
These are the sons of Ezer: Bilhan and Zaavan and Akan.
These are the sons of Dishan: Uz and Aran.
These are the chiefs of the Horite: chief Lotan, chief Shobal, chief Zibeon, chief Anah,
chief Dishon, chief Ezer, chief Dishan. These are the chiefs of the Horite by their clans in the land of Seir.