Josiah’s Covenant Renewal and Passover

2 Kings 23:1-30

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Genesis

The Creation of the World 1:1-2:3 The Creation of Man and Woman 2:4-25 The Fall of Man 3:1-24 Cain and Abel 4:1-26 From Adam to Noah 5:1-32 The Flood 6:1-8:22 God’s Covenant with Noah 9:1-17 Noah’s Drunkenness and Curse 9:18-29 Nations Descended from Noah 10:1-32 The Tower of Babel 11:1-9 From Shem to Abram 11:10-32 The Call of Abram 12:1-9 Abram in Egypt 12:10-20 Abram and Lot Separate 13:1-18 Abram Rescues Lot 14:1-24 God’s Covenant with Abram 15:1-21 Hagar and Ishmael 16:1-16 The Covenant of Circumcision 17:1-27 A Son Promised to Sarah 18:1-15 Abraham Intercedes for Sodom 18:16-33 The Destruction of Sodom 19:1-29 The Origin of Moab and Ammon 19:30-38 Abraham and Abimelech 20:1-18 The Birth of Isaac 21:1-7 Hagar and Ishmael Sent Away 21:8-21 A Treaty with Abimelech 21:22-34 The Sacrifice of Isaac 22:1-19 Nahor’s Children 22:20-24 The Death and Burial of Sarah 23:1-20 A Wife for Isaac 24:1-67 The Death of Abraham 25:1-11 Ishmael’s Descendants 25:12-18 Esau and Jacob 25:19-34 Isaac and Abimelech 26:1-35 Jacob Takes Esau’s Blessing 27:1-40 Jacob Sent to Paddan-aram 27:41-28:9 Jacob’s Dream at Bethel 28:10-22 Jacob Meets Rachel 29:1-14 Jacob Marries Leah and Rachel 29:15-30 The Children of Jacob 29:31-30:24 Jacob’s Prosperity 30:25-43 Jacob Flees from Laban 31:1-21 Jacob and Laban Make a Covenant 31:22-55 Jacob Prepares to Meet Esau 32:1-21 Jacob Wrestles with God 32:22-32 Jacob Meets Esau 33:1-20 Dinah and the Shechemites 34:1-31 God Blesses Jacob at Bethel 35:1-15 Deaths of Rachel and Isaac 35:16-29 Esau’s Descendants 36:1-30 The Kings of Edom 36:31-43 Joseph’s Dreams 37:1-11 Joseph Sold by His Brothers 37:12-36 Judah and Tamar 38:1-30 Joseph and Potiphar’s Wife 39:1-23 Joseph Interprets Dreams in Prison 40:1-23 Pharaoh’s Dreams 41:1-40 Joseph Rises to Power 41:41-57 Joseph’s Brothers Go to Egypt 42:1-38 Joseph’s Brothers Return with Benjamin 43:1-34 The Silver Cup 44:1-34 Joseph Reveals Himself 45:1-28 Jacob Goes to Egypt 46:1-47:12 Joseph and the Famine 47:13-31 Jacob Blesses Ephraim and Manasseh 48:1-22 Jacob Blesses His Sons 49:1-28 The Death and Burial of Jacob 49:29-50:14 Joseph Reassures His Brothers 50:15-21 The Death of Joseph 50:22-26

Exodus

Israel Increases in Egypt 1:1-22 The Birth of Moses 2:1-10 Moses Flees to Midian 2:11-25 The Burning Bush 3:1-22 Signs for Moses 4:1-17 Moses Returns to Egypt 4:18-31 Moses and Aaron Before Pharaoh 5:1-21 God Promises Deliverance 5:22-6:12 The Genealogy of Moses and Aaron 6:13-27 Moses and Aaron Sent to Pharaoh 6:28-7:7 Aaron’s Staff Becomes a Serpent 7:8-13 The First Plague: Water to Blood 7:14-24 The Second Plague: Frogs 7:25-8:15 The Third Plague: Gnats 8:16-19 The Fourth Plague: Flies 8:20-32 The Fifth Plague: Livestock Die 9:1-7 The Sixth Plague: Boils 9:8-12 The Seventh Plague: Hail 9:13-35 The Eighth Plague: Locusts 10:1-20 The Ninth Plague: Darkness 10:21-29 A Final Plague Threatened 11:1-10 The Passover 12:1-30 The Exodus 12:31-42 Passover Regulations 12:43-51 Consecration of the Firstborn 13:1-16 Crossing the Red Sea 13:17-14:31 The Song of Moses 15:1-21 Bitter Water Made Sweet 15:22-27 Manna from Heaven 16:1-36 Water from the Rock 17:1-7 Amalek Defeated 17:8-16 Jethro’s Advice 18:1-27 Israel at Mount Sinai 19:1-25 The Ten Commandments 20:1-21 Laws About Altars 20:22-21:1 Laws About Slaves 21:2-11 Laws About Personal Injuries 21:12-36 Laws About Restitution 22:1-15 Laws About Holiness 22:16-31 Laws About Justice 23:1-9 Sabbath Years and Weeks 23:10-13 The Three Feasts 23:14-19 The Angel and the Promises 23:20-33 The Covenant Confirmed 24:1-18 Contributions for the Sanctuary 25:1-9 The Ark of the Testimony 25:10-22 The Table for Bread 25:23-30 The Golden Lampstand 25:31-40 The Tabernacle 26:1-37 The Bronze Altar 27:1-8 The Court of the Tabernacle 27:9-19 Oil for the Lamp 27:20-21 The Priests’ Garments 28:1-5 The Ephod 28:6-14 The Breastpiece of Judgment 28:15-30 Other Priestly Garments 28:31-43 Consecration of the Priests 29:1-46 The Altar of Incense 30:1-10 The Census Tax 30:11-16 The Bronze Basin 30:17-21 The Anointing Oil 30:22-33 The Incense 30:34-38 Oholiab and Bezalel 31:1-11 The Sabbath Sign 31:12-18 The Golden Calf 32:1-33:6 The Tent of Meeting 33:7-11 Moses’ Intercession and God’s Glory 33:12-23 New Tablets and Covenant 34:1-28 The Shining Face of Moses 34:29-35 Sabbath Regulations 35:1-3 Freewill Offerings for the Tabernacle 35:4-29 Bezalel and Oholiab Set Apart 35:30-36:7 Making the Tabernacle 36:8-38 Making the Ark 37:1-9 Making the Table 37:10-16 Making the Lampstand 37:17-24 Making the Altar of Incense 37:25-29 Making the Bronze Altar 38:1-7 Making the Bronze Basin 38:8 Making the Court 38:9-20 Materials of the Tabernacle 38:21-31 Making the Priests’ Garments 39:1 The Ephod Made 39:2-7 The Breastpiece Made 39:8-21 Other Garments Made 39:22-31 The Work Completed 39:32-43 The Tabernacle Erected 40:1-33 The Glory Fills the Tabernacle 40:34-38

Numbers

The Census of Israel 1:1-54 Arrangement of the Camp 2:1-34 The Levites’ Duties 3:1-51 Kohathites’ Service 4:1-20 Gershonites’ Service 4:21-28 Merarites’ Service 4:29-33 Census of the Levites 4:34-49 Unclean Removed from Camp 5:1-4 Restitution for Wrongs 5:5-10 The Test for Adultery 5:11-31 The Nazirite Vow 6:1-21 The Priestly Blessing 6:22-27 Offerings of the Leaders 7:1-89 The Lamps 8:1-4 The Levites Consecrated 8:5-26 The Passover Celebrated 9:1-14 The Cloud Over the Tabernacle 9:15-23 The Silver Trumpets 10:1-10 Departure from Sinai 10:11-36 Complaint and Quail; Seventy Elders 11:1-35 Miriam and Aaron Oppose Moses 12:1-16 Spies Sent into Canaan 13:1-25 Report of the Spies 13:26-33 The People Rebel 14:1-45 Offerings and Firstfruits 15:1-21 Unintentional Sin and Presumptuous Sin 15:22-31 The Sabbath-Breaker 15:32-36 Tassels on Garments 15:37-41 Korah’s Rebellion 16:1-50 Aaron’s Staff Buds 17:1-13 Priests’ and Levites’ Duties 18:1-7 Portions for Priests and Levites 18:8-32 The Red Heifer 19:1-22 Water from the Rock at Meribah 20:1-13 Edom Refuses Passage 20:14-21 Aaron’s Death 20:22-29 Arad Defeated 21:1-3 The Bronze Serpent 21:4-9 Journeys in the Wilderness 21:10-20 Victories over Sihon and Og 21:21-35 Balaam Summoned 22:1-20 Balaam’s Donkey and the Angel 22:21-41 Balaam’s First Oracle 23:1-12 Balaam’s Second Oracle 23:13-26 Balaam’s Third Oracle 23:27-24:14 The Star out of Jacob 24:15-19 Balaam’s Final Sayings 24:20-25 Baal of Peor and Phinehas 25:1-18 The Second Census 26:1-65 Daughters of Zelophehad 27:1-11 Joshua Appointed 27:12-23 Daily Offerings 28:1-8 Sabbath Offerings 28:9-10 Monthly Offerings 28:11-15 Passover Offerings 28:16-25 Weeks (Firstfruits) Offerings 28:26-31 Trumpets Offerings 29:1-6 Day of Atonement Offerings 29:7-11 Booths Offerings 29:12-40 Vows 30:1-16 War with Midian—Spoils 31:1-24 Division of the Spoils 31:25-54 Reuben, Gad, and Half-Manasseh 32:1-42 Stages of Israel’s Journey 33:1-56 Boundaries of the Land 34:1-29 Levitical Cities 35:1-5 Cities of Refuge 35:6-34 Marriage of Zelophehad’s Daughters 36:1-13

Deuteronomy

Preamble and Setting 1:1-8 Leaders Appointed 1:9-18 Spies Sent 1:19-25 Rebellion and Judgment 1:26-46 Journey Through Edom, Moab, Ammon 2:1-23 Victory over Sihon 2:24-37 Victory over Og 3:1-11 Allotment East of Jordan 3:12-20 Moses Forbidden to Enter 3:21-29 Call to Obey 4:1-14 No Idols 4:15-31 The LORD Alone Is God 4:32-40 Cities of Refuge East 4:41-43 Introduction to the Law 4:44-49 The Ten Commandments Rehearsed 5:1-33 The Shema and Instruction 6:1-25 Warning Against the Nations 7:1-26 Do Not Forget the LORD 8:1-20 Not for Your Righteousness 9:1-6 Israel’s Rebellions Recounted 9:7-29 New Tablets; Ark 10:1-11 Fear the LORD 10:12-22 Love, Obey, Choose 11:1-32 The Place of Worship 12:1-32 False Prophets and Idolatry 13:1-18 Clean and Unclean Foods 14:1-21 Tithes 14:22-29 Sabbatical Year 15:1-11 Hebrew Slaves 15:12-18 Firstborn Animals 15:19-23 Passover 16:1-8 Weeks 16:9-12 Booths 16:13-17 Justice 16:18-20 Forbidden Worship 16:21-17:7 Difficult Cases 17:8-13 Laws for the King 17:14-20 Provision for Levites 18:1-8 Abominable Practices 18:9-13 A Prophet Like Moses 18:14-22 Cities of Refuge 19:1-14 Witnesses and Penalties 19:15-21 Rules for War 20:1-20 Unsolved Murder 21:1-9 Wives from War 21:10-14 Rights of the Firstborn 21:15-17 Rebellious Son 21:18-21 Various Laws 21:22-22:12 Laws of Chastity 22:13-30 Assembly Exclusions 23:1-8 Camp Purity 23:9-14 Various Laws Continued 23:15-25:19 Firstfruits and Tithes Confession 26:1-15 You Are the LORD’s People 26:16-19 Law on Stones and Altar 27:1-8 Curses Pronounced 27:9-26 Blessings for Obedience 28:1-14 Curses for Disobedience 28:15-68 Renewal in Moab 29:1-29 Choose Life 30:1-20 Joshua Commissioned 31:1-8 Public Reading of the Law 31:9-13 Moses’ Warning of Apostasy 31:14-29 The Song of Moses 31:30-32:47 Moses to Die on Nebo 32:48-52 Moses Blesses Israel 33:1-29 The Death of Moses 34:1-12

Joshua

Joshua Commissioned and Encouraged 1:1-18 Rahab Protects the Spies 2:1-24 Crossing the Jordan and Memorial Stones 3:1-4:24 Renewal at Gilgal: Circumcision and Passover 5:1-12 The Commander Appears and the Fall of Jericho 5:13-6:27 Defeat at Ai and Achan's Sin Revealed 7:1-26 The Capture and Destruction of Ai 8:1-29 Altar on Mount Ebal and the Law Proclaimed 8:30-35 The Gibeonite Deception and Treaty 9:1-27 Victory at Gibeon and the Long Day 10:1-15 Capture and Execution of the Five Kings 10:16-28 The Southern Campaign and Conquest of Cities 10:29-43 Defeat of the Northern Coalition and Hazor Destroyed 11:1-23 Lists of Kings Defeated East and West of the Jordan 12:1-24 Land Remaining to Be Possessed 13:1-7 Allotments East of the Jordan 13:8-33 Procedure for Distributing the Land and Levitical Cities 14:1-5 Caleb's Claim and Inheritance of Hebron 14:6-15 Boundaries and Towns of Judah 15:1-63 Ephraim and West Manasseh: Boundaries and Claims 16:1-17:18 Shiloh Established and the Land Surveyed 18:1-10 Territory and Towns of Benjamin 18:11-28 Territory of Simeon 19:1-9 Territory of Zebulun 19:10-16 Territory of Issachar 19:17-23 Territory of Asher 19:24-31 Territory of Naphtali 19:32-39 Territory of Dan 19:40-48 Completion of the Allotments and Joshua's Inheritance 19:49-51 Cities of Refuge Established 20:1-9 Levitical Cities and Their Holdings 21:1-45 The Eastern Tribes' Altar and the Reconciliation 22:1-34 Joshua's Farewell Exhortation and Warning 23:1-16 Renewal of the Covenant at Shechem 24:1-27 Death and Burial of Joshua and Eleazar 24:28-33

1 Samuel

Hannah's Prayer for a Son 1:1-20 Hannah Presents Samuel to the Lord 1:21-28 Hannah's Song of Praise 2:1-11 Eli's Corrupt Sons and Samuel's Childhood 2:12-26 Prophecy of Judgment on Eli's House 2:27-36 Samuel's Call and the Lord's Word to Eli 3:1-4:1 Israel Defeated and the Ark Captured 4:2-11 Eli's Death and the Birth of Ichabod 4:12-22 The Ark Brings Judgment in Philistine Cities 5:1-12 The Ark Returned to Israel 6:1-7:1 Samuel Judges Israel and Delivers Them at Mizpah 7:2-17 Israel Demands a King 8:1-22 Saul Chosen and Given Signs 9:1-10:8 Saul Proclaimed King by Lot 10:9-27 Saul's Victory at Jabesh-Gilead 11:1-11 Saul Confirmed as King at Gilgal 11:12-15 Samuel's Farewell and Exhortation to Israel 12:1-25 Saul's Unauthorized Sacrifice and Rebuke 13:1-15 Philistine Pressure and Israel's Lack of Arms 13:16-22 Jonathan's Bold Assault and Victory 13:23-14:14 Saul's Rash Oath and Its Consequences 14:15-23 Saul's Pursuit and Jonathan's Exploits 14:24-48 Saul's Family and Mighty Men 14:49-52 Saul's Disobedience and Rejection as King 15:1-35 David Anointed by Samuel 16:1-13 David Serves Saul and Eases His Torment 16:14-23 David and Goliath 17:1-58 David's Rise and Saul's Jealousy 18:1-30 Saul's Attempts on David's Life and Jonathan's Intervention 19:1-24 David and Jonathan's Covenant 20:1-42 David at Nob: Bread and Goliath's Sword 21:1-9 David Feigns Madness at Gath 21:10-15 David Gathers Followers and Seeks Priestly Aid 22:1-5 Massacre at Nob and Abiathar Joins David 22:6-23 David Delivers Keilah and Inquires of God 23:1-6 Saul's Pursuit, Ziphite Betrayal, and David's Escape 23:7-29 David Spares Saul in a Cave 24:1-22 Nabal's Folly and Abigail's Intervention 25:1-44 David Again Spares Saul in His Camp 26:1-25 David Seeks Refuge with Achish 27:1-12 Saul and the Witch of Endor 28:1-25 The Philistines Reject David 29:1-11 David Recovers His Family and Defeats the Amalekites 30:1-31 The Death of Saul and His Sons 31:1-13

2 Samuel

An Amalekite Reports Saul and Jonathan's Death 1:1-16 David's Lament for Saul and Jonathan 1:17-27 David Anointed King of Judah at Hebron 2:1-7 Ish‑Bosheth Made King; Civil War with David Begins 2:8-3:5 Abner Seeks Alliance with David 3:6-21 Joab Murders Abner; David's Protest and Mourning 3:22-39 Ish‑Bosheth Assassinated 4:1-12 David Anointed King over All Israel 5:1-5 David Captures Jerusalem and Establishes His House 5:6-16 David's Victories over the Philistines 5:17-25 Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem; Uzzah's Death and David's Joy 6:1-23 God's Covenant with David 7:1-17 David's Prayer of Thanksgiving for God's Promise 7:18-29 David's Military Victories 8:1-14 David's Officials and Mighty Men 8:15-18 David Shows Kindness to Mephibosheth 9:1-13 War with the Ammonites and Syrians 10:1-19 David and Bathsheba; the Death of Uriah 11:1-27 Nathan Rebukes David; Judgment and Aftermath 12:1-31 Amnon's Crime against Tamar 13:1-22 Absalom Kills Amnon and Flees 13:23-39 Joab Secures Absalom's Return and Reconciliation 14:1-33 Absalom's Conspiracy and Rise to Power 15:1-12 David Flees Jerusalem; Loyal Followers Accompany Him 15:13-37 Ziba Brings Provisions to David 16:1-4 Shimei Curses David as He Flees 16:5-14 Counsel in Absalom's Court; Ahithophel's Plan and Hushai's Counterplot 16:15-17:29 Battle in the Forest of Ephraim and Absalom's Death 18:1-18 Reports of Victory and David's Grief for Absalom 18:19-19:8 David's Return to Jerusalem; Reconciliation and Disputes 19:9-43 Sheba's Revolt and Its Suppression 20:1-26 Famine and the Gibeonites' Demand; Saul's Descendants Executed 21:1-14 David's Battles with the Philistines and the Valor of His Men 21:15-22 David's Song of Deliverance 22:1-51 David's Final Oracle 23:1-7 The Deeds of David's Mighty Warriors 23:8-39 David's Census and the Resulting Plague 24:1-17 David Purchases the Threshing Floor; Sacrifice and End of Plague 24:18-25

1 Kings

Adonijah Attempts to Seize the Throne 1:1-27 Solomon Anointed King 1:28-53 David's Charge to Solomon and Death 2:1-12 Solomon Consolidates His Power 2:13-46 Solomon's Request for Wisdom 3:1-15 Solomon's Wise Judgment 3:16-28 Solomon's Officials and Administrative Order 4:1-19 The Wealth and Prosperity of Israel 4:20-28 Solomon's Wisdom and Fame 4:29-34 Alliances and Preparations for the Temple 5:1-18 Solomon Builds the Temple 6:1-38 Solomon's Palace and Structural Works 7:1-12 Temple Furnishings and the Work of Hiram 7:13-51 The Ark Brought into the Temple 8:1-21 Solomon's Prayer of Dedication 8:22-61 The Dedication Celebrated with Sacrifice 8:62-66 God's Promise and Warning to Solomon 9:1-9 Solomon's Building Projects and Trade 9:10-28 The Queen of Sheba Visits Solomon 10:1-13 The Wealth and Splendor of Solomon's Reign 10:14-29 Solomon's Foreign Wives and Apostasy 11:1-13 Adversaries Raised Against Solomon 11:14-25 Jeroboam's Call and the Promise of Division 11:26-40 Summary of Solomon's Reign and Death 11:41-43 Rehoboam's Folly and the Kingdom Divides 12:1-24 Jeroboam Establishes Golden Calves 12:25-33 Prophetic Rebuke at Bethel and Deception 13:1-34 Ahijah's Prophecy Against Jeroboam 14:1-20 Rehoboam's Unfaithfulness and Shishak's Invasion 14:21-31 Abijam's Short Reign in Judah 15:1-8 Asa's Reforms and Early Reign 15:9-24 Nadab's Reign and Baasha's Conspiracy 15:25-32 Baasha's Reign and Jehu's Prophecy 15:33-16:7 Elah Assassinated and Zimri's Usurpation 16:8-14 Zimri's Suicide and Omri's Rise to Power 16:15-20 Omri Establishes Samaria as Capital 16:21-28 Ahab and Jezebel Introduce Baal Worship 16:29-34 Elijah Announces the Drought and Is Fed by Ravens 17:1-6 Elijah in Zarephath: Provision and Resurrection 17:7-24 Elijah Confronts Ahab and Prepares for Confrontation 18:1-15 Elijah on Mount Carmel and the Fall of Baal's Prophets 18:16-46 Elijah Flees to Horeb and Is Renewed 19:1-9 God's Response to Elijah and New Commissions 19:10-18 The Call of Elisha 19:19-21 Ben‑hadad Besieges Samaria; Israel's Defiant Response 20:1-12 Israel's Victories Over Aram and Ahab's Mercy 20:13-34 A Prophet Enacts Judgment on the King 20:35-43 Naboth's Vineyard: Ahab and Jezebel's Crime and Punishment 21:1-29 Ahab and Jehoshaphat Seek Counsel; Micaiah's True Prophecy 22:1-28 Ahab Dies at Ramoth‑Gilead 22:29-40 Jehoshaphat's Reign in Judah 22:41-50 Ahaziah Succeeds Ahab and Does Evil 22:51-53

2 Kings

Ahaziah Seeks Counsel and Elijah’s Judgment 1:1-18 Elijah Taken Up; Elisha Succeeds 2:1-18 Elisha Purifies Jericho’s Water 2:19-22 Mockers of Elisha Mauled by Bears 2:23-25 Alliance Against Moab and Elisha’s Miracle 3:1-27 The Widow’s Oil Multiplied 4:1-7 Elisha Restores the Shunammite’s Son 4:8-37 Poisoned Stew Made Safe 4:38-41 Elisha Feeds a Hundred Men 4:42-44 Naaman Healed of Leprosy and Gehazi’s Greed 5:1-27 The Floating Axe Head 6:1-7 Elisha Foils the Aramean Raid 6:8-23 Famine Besieges Samaria 6:24-7:2 Arameans Flee; Samaria’s Deliverance 7:3-20 The Shunammite Restored to Her Land 8:1-6 Elisha Foretells Hazael’s Rise 8:7-15 Jehoram’s Reign in Israel 8:16-24 Ahaziah of Judah Ascends the Throne 8:25-29 Anointing of Jehu as King 9:1-13 Jehu Slays Joram and the House of Ahab 9:14-29 The Death of Jezebel 9:30-37 Jehu Executes Ahab’s Kin at Jezreel 10:1-17 Jehu Destroys Baal Worship 10:18-36 Joash Crowned; Athaliah Overthrown 11:1-21 Joash Repairs the Temple 12:1-21 Jehoahaz of Israel and Aramean Oppression 13:1-9 Jehoash of Israel and Elisha’s Final Acts 13:10-25 Amaziah of Judah: Victory and Pride 14:1-22 Jeroboam II Restores Israel’s Borders 14:23-29 Azariah (Uzziah) King of Judah 15:1-7 Zechariah’s Short Reign and Assassination 15:8-12 Shallum’s Brief Usurpation and Murder 15:13-16 Menahem’s Reign and Tribute to Assyria 15:17-22 Pekahiah Murdered; Pekah’s Conspiracy 15:23-26 Pekah Rules and Wars with Judah 15:27-31 Jotham King of Judah 15:32-38 Ahaz’s Reign and Submission to Assyria 16:1-20 Fall of Samaria and Israel’s Exile 17:1-6 Reasons for Israel’s Exile 17:7-23 Resettling Samaria and Syncretistic Worship 17:24-41 Hezekiah’s Reforms and Fortifications 18:1-16 Rabshakeh’s Taunts before Jerusalem 18:17-37 Hezekiah’s Plea and Isaiah’s Prophecy 19:1-13 Hezekiah’s Prayer of Surrender 19:14-19 The LORD Delivers Jerusalem from Sennacherib 19:20-37 Hezekiah’s Illness, Recovery, and the Sign 20:1-11 Hezekiah’s Pride and a Warning about Babylon 20:12-21 Manasseh’s Long, Wicked Reign 21:1-18 Amon’s Short Reign and Assassination 21:19-26 Josiah Finds the Book of the Law and Reforms 22:1-20 Josiah’s Covenant Renewal and Passover 23:1-30 Jehoahaz Deposed; Jehoiakim Installed by Egypt 23:31-35 Jehoiakim’s Reign and Babylonian Pressure 23:36-24:7 Jehoiachin’s Brief Reign and First Exile 24:8-17 Zedekiah Appointed as Babylon’s Vassal 24:18-19 Siege and Fall of Jerusalem; Destruction and Exile 24:20-25:26 Jehoiachin Released from Babylonian Prison 25:27-30

1 Chronicles

Genealogies from Adam to Abraham 1:1-27 The Descendants of Abraham 1:28-34 The Edomite Genealogies (Esau and Seir) 1:35-54 The Sons of Israel 2:1-2 The Genealogy and Families of Judah 2:3-55 David’s Descendants and the Royal Line 3:1-24 Judahite Families and Notable Descendants 4:1-23 The Families and Settlements of Simeon 4:24-43 Transjordanian Tribes and Their Chiefs 5:1-10 Wars and Settlements East of the Jordan 5:11-22 Loss of Territory and Exile East of the Jordan 5:23-26 The Levites: Genealogy and Temple Service 6:1-81 The Tribe of Issachar 7:1-5 A Register of Benjamin’s Households 7:6-12 A Brief Genealogical Note 7:13 The Tribe of Naphtali 7:14-19 The Tribe of Manasseh 7:20-29 The Tribe of Ephraim 7:30-40 The Genealogy of Benjamin (including Saul’s Line) 8:1-9:1 Resettlement of Jerusalem: Residents and Officials 9:2-34 Gatekeepers and Temple Servants in Jerusalem 9:35-44 The Death of Saul and the End of His House 10:1-14 David Anointed King over Israel 11:1-3 David Captures Jerusalem (Zion) 11:4-9 David’s Mighty Men and Warriors 11:10-47 Those Who Came to David at Hebron (Judah’s Support) 12:1-22 Israel’s Warriors Join David at Hebron 12:23-40 Bringing the Ark: Preparations and Uzzah’s Death 13:1-14 David’s Household and Philistine Submission 14:1-7 David’s Victories over the Philistines 14:8-17 Preparations for Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem 15:1-16:6 David Institutes Worship and a Song of Praise 16:7-43 God’s Covenant with David (Nathan’s Oracle) 17:1-15 David’s Prayer of Thanksgiving for the Covenant 17:16-27 David’s Military Victories and Tribute 18:1-13 David’s Officials and the Spoils of War 18:14-17 War with the Ammonites and Their Allies 19:1-19 The Campaign against Rabbah (Ammon) 20:1-3 Defeat of the Philistines and Their Champions 20:4-8 David’s Census, Plague, and Purchase of the Temple Site 21:1-22:1 David’s Preparations and Instructions for Solomon 22:2-19 David Organizes the Levites 23:1-6 Levitical Families and Their Heads 23:7-11 Age Regulations and Duties of the Levites 23:12-20 Assignments of Levites: Singers, Gatekeepers, Treasurers 23:21-32 Divisions of the Priests into Twenty‑Four Courses 24:1-19 Priestly Families and Their Cities 24:20-31 The Levitical Musicians and Their Organization 25:1-31 Gatekeepers and Their Lineages 26:1-19 Officials Responsible for Treasuries and Records 26:20-32 Military Divisions and Their Commanders 27:1-15 David’s Civil Officials and Overseers 27:16-24 Heads of the King’s Household and Provisions 27:25-34 David’s Charge to Solomon and the Temple Plan 28:1-21 The Nation’s Offerings for the Temple 29:1-9 David’s Prayer of Praise and Blessing for Solomon 29:10-20 David’s Final Acts and Organization of the Kingdom 29:21-25 The Death of David and Solomon’s Accession 29:26-30

2 Chronicles

Solomon's Sacrifice at Gibeon and Prayer for Wisdom 1:1-17 Solomon Secures Materials and Craftsmen for the Temple 2:1-18 The Temple: Foundation and Structure 3:1-17 Temple Furnishings and Completion of the Work 4:1-5:1 The Ark Installed and Solomon's Dedication Prayer 5:2-6:11 Solomon's Prayer of Dedication and God's Assurance 6:12-42 The Lord Fills the Temple and the Dedication Festival 7:1-10 God Appears to Solomon and Gives a Conditional Promise 7:11-22 Solomon's Other Buildings and Relations with Hiram 8:1-18 The Queen of Sheba Visits Solomon 9:1-12 Solomon's Wealth, Trade, and Administration 9:13-28 Summary of Solomon's Reign and Death 9:29-31 Rehoboam's Folly and the Division of the Kingdom 10:1-11:4 Rehoboam Fortifies Judah and Consolidates Support 11:5-17 Rehoboam's Descendants and Death 11:18-23 Shishak's Invasion and Judah's Loss 12:1-16 Abijah's Victory over Israel and His Death 13:1-14:1 Asa's Reforms and Victory over Ethiopia 14:2-15 Asa Strengthened by Prophecy and Covenant Renewal 15:1-19 Asa's Alliance with Aram and Reproof by Hanani 16:1-14 Jehoshaphat Strengthens Judah and Reforms Justice 17:1-19 Jehoshaphat's Alliance with Ahab and the Battle at Ramoth-gilead 18:1-27 Jehu Rebukes Jehoshaphat for the Alliance with Ahab 18:28-19:3 Judicial Reforms: Judges Appointed to Administer Justice 19:4-11 Jehoshaphat's Deliverance through Prayer and Praise 20:1-30 End of Jehoshaphat's Reign and Jehoram's Accession 20:31-21:3 Jehoram's Wicked Reign, Revolts, and Judgment 21:4-20 Ahaziah Succeeds His Father and Is Wounded 22:1-9 Athaliah's Usurpation Overthrown and Joash Crowned 22:10-23:21 Joash's Temple Restoration under Jehoiada 24:1-16 Joash's Apostasy, Punishment, and Assassination 24:17-27 Amaziah's Reign: Victory, Pride, and Defeat by Israel 25:1-28 Uzziah's Prosperity and Pride; Leprosy for Presumption 26:1-23 Jotham's Reign: Fortifications and Prosperity 27:1-9 Ahaz's Idolatry, Defeats, and Assyrian Subjugation 28:1-27 Hezekiah's Temple Restoration and Religious Reforms 29:1-36 Hezekiah's Passover and National Repentance 30:1-31:1 Hezekiah's Religious Administration and Temple Support 31:2-21 Hezekiah's Defense Against Sennacherib and Divine Deliverance 32:1-23 Hezekiah's Illness, Pride, and the Babylonian Envoys 32:24-33 Manasseh's Idolatry, Captivity, Repentance, and Restoration 33:1-20 Amon's Wicked Reign and Assassination 33:21-25 Josiah's Early Reforms and Temple Repair 34:1-13 The Book of the Law Found, Huldah's Prophecy, and Josiah's Covenant 34:14-33 Josiah's Observance of the Passover 35:1-19 Josiah Killed at Megiddo and National Mourning 35:20-36:1 Jehoahaz Reigns Briefly and Is Deposed by Pharaoh 36:2-4 Jehoiakim's Reign and Disobedience 36:5-8 Jehoiachin's Short Reign and Exile to Babylon 36:9-10 Zedekiah's Reign and Rejection of Prophetic Warnings 36:11-14 Judgment, Exile, and the Decree of Cyrus 36:15-23

Psalm

Psalms 1–2 1:1-2:12 Psalms 3–8 3:1-8 Psalms 4–8 4:1-8 Psalms 5–12 5:1-12 Psalms 6–10 6:1-10 Psalms 7–17 7:1-17 Psalms 8–9 8:1-9 Psalms 9–10 9:1-10:18 Psalms 11–7 11:1-7 Psalms 12–8 12:1-8 Psalms 13–6 13:1-6 Psalms 14–7 14:1-7 Psalms 15–5 15:1-5 Psalms 16–11 16:1-11 Psalms 17–15 17:1-15 Psalms 18–50 18:1-50 Psalms 19–14 19:1-14 Psalms 20–9 20:1-9 Psalms 21–13 21:1-13 Psalms 22–31 22:1-31 Psalms 23–6 23:1-6 Psalms 24–10 24:1-10 Psalms 25–22 25:1-22 Psalms 26–12 26:1-12 Psalms 27–14 27:1-14 Psalms 28–9 28:1-9 Psalms 29–11 29:1-11 Psalms 30–12 30:1-12 Psalms 31–24 31:1-24 Psalms 32–33 32:1-33:22 Psalms 34–22 34:1-22 Psalms 35–28 35:1-28 Psalms 36–12 36:1-12 Psalms 37–40 37:1-40 Psalms 38–22 38:1-22 Psalms 39–13 39:1-13 Psalms 40–17 40:1-17 Psalms 41–13 41:1-13 Psalms 42–43 42:1-43:5 Psalms 44–26 44:1-26 Psalms 45–17 45:1-17 Psalms 46–11 46:1-11 Psalms 47–9 47:1-9 Psalms 48–14 48:1-14 Psalms 49–20 49:1-20 Psalms 50–23 50:1-23 Psalms 51–19 51:1-19 Psalms 52–9 52:1-9 Psalms 53–6 53:1-6 Psalms 54–7 54:1-7 Psalms 55–23 55:1-23 Psalms 56–13 56:1-13 Psalms 57–11 57:1-11 Psalms 58–11 58:1-11 Psalms 59–17 59:1-17 Psalms 60–12 60:1-12 Psalms 61–8 61:1-8 Psalms 62–12 62:1-12 Psalms 63–11 63:1-11 Psalms 64–10 64:1-10 Psalms 65–13 65:1-13 Psalms 66–20 66:1-20 Psalms 67–7 67:1-7 Psalms 68–35 68:1-35 Psalms 69–36 69:1-36 Psalms 70–71 70:1-71:24 Psalms 72–20 72:1-20 Psalms 73–28 73:1-28 Psalms 74–23 74:1-23 Psalms 75–10 75:1-10 Psalms 76–12 76:1-12 Psalms 77–20 77:1-20 Psalms 78–72 78:1-72 Psalms 79–13 79:1-13 Psalms 80–19 80:1-19 Psalms 81–16 81:1-16 Psalms 82–8 82:1-8 Psalms 83–18 83:1-18 Psalms 84–12 84:1-12 Psalms 85–13 85:1-13 Psalms 86–17 86:1-17 Psalms 87–7 87:1-7 Psalms 88–18 88:1-18 Psalms 89–52 89:1-52 Psalms 90–91 90:1-91:16 Psalms 92–97 92:1-97:12 Psalms 98–99 98:1-99:9 Psalms 100–5 100:1-5 Psalms 101–8 101:1-8 Psalms 102–28 102:1-28 Psalms 103–106 103:1-106:48 Psalms 107–43 107:1-43 Psalms 108–13 108:1-13 Psalms 109–31 109:1-31 Psalms 110–118 110:1-118:29 Psalms 119–8 119:1-8 Psalms 119–16 119:9-16 Psalms 119–24 119:17-24 Psalms 119–32 119:25-32 Psalms 119–40 119:33-40 Psalms 119–48 119:41-48 Psalms 119–56 119:49-56 Psalms 119–64 119:57-64 Psalms 119–72 119:65-72 Psalms 119–80 119:73-80 Psalms 119–88 119:81-88 Psalms 119–176 119:89-176 Psalms 119–104 119:96-104 Psalms 119–112 119:105-112 Psalms 119–120 119:113-120 Psalms 119–128 119:121-128 Psalms 119–136 119:129-136 Psalms 119–144 119:137-144 Psalms 119–152 119:145-152 Psalms 119–160 119:153-160 Psalms 119–168 119:161-168 Psalms 119–176 119:169-176 Psalms 120–7 120:1-7 Psalms 121–8 121:1-8 Psalms 122–9 122:1-9 Psalms 123–4 123:1-4 Psalms 124–8 124:1-8 Psalms 125–5 125:1-5 Psalms 126–6 126:1-6 Psalms 127–5 127:1-5 Psalms 128–6 128:1-6 Psalms 129–8 129:1-8 Psalms 130–8 130:1-8 Psalms 131–3 131:1-3 Psalms 132–18 132:1-18 Psalms 133–3 133:1-3 Psalms 134–137 134:1-137:9 Psalms 138–8 138:1-8 Psalms 139–24 139:1-24 Psalms 140–13 140:1-13 Psalms 141–10 141:1-10 Psalms 142–7 142:1-7 Psalms 143–12 143:1-12 Psalms 144–15 144:1-15 Psalms 145–150 145:1-150:6

Proverbs

Introduction: The Purpose of Proverbs and the Fear of the Lord 1:1-7 Warning Against Enticement by Sinners 1:8-19 Wisdom's Public Call and the Folly of Rejection 1:20-33 The Value of Wisdom and Its Protection 2:1-22 Trusting God and Walking in Wisdom 3:1-35 A Father's Exhortation to Hold Fast to Wisdom 4:1-27 Warning Against Adultery and a Call to Fidelity 5:1-23 Warnings: Surety, Laziness, and Wickedness 6:1-19 Obey Parental Commands and the Dangers of Adultery 6:20-35 The Example of a Young Man Seduced 7:1-27 Wisdom's Proclamation and Blessings 8:1-36 Contrasting Invitations of Wisdom and Folly 9:1-18 Solomon's Proverbs: Contrasts of Righteousness and Folly 10:1-32 Proverbs on Justice, Integrity, and Righteous Living 11:1-31 Wise Conduct, Diligence, and Righteous Speech 12:1-28 Discipline, Wealth, and the Wise Child 13:1-25 Sayings on Wisdom, Folly, and the Fear of the Lord 14:1-35 The Power of Speech and the Benefits of Wisdom 15:1-33 God's Sovereignty Over Human Plans 16:1-33 Relations and Righteousness: Peace, Speech, and Integrity 17:1-28 The Power of Words and the Nature of Companionship 18:1-24 Advice on Wealth, Conduct, and Discipline 19:1-29 Counsel, Justice, and Warnings Against Excess 20:1-30 Divine Sovereignty, Justice, and the King's Role 21:1-31 Reputation, Generosity, and Child Discipline 22:1-16 Sayings of the Wise: Practical Moral Instruction 22:17-24:34 Solomon's Proverbs on Restraint and Leadership 25:1-28 Folly and Foolish Behavior in Speech and Deeds 26:1-28 Friendship, Counsel, and Practical Wisdom for Life 27:1-27 Justice, Righteousness, and the Results of Rebellion 28:1-28 Discipline, Leadership, and Social Order 29:1-27 The Sayings of Agur: Humility and Observations 30:1-33 Advice to King Lemuel and the Virtuous Woman 31:1-31

Isaiah

Judah's Rebellion and Call to Repentance 1:1-31 The Mountain of the Lord and the Nations' Hope 2:1-6 Judgment on Arrogance and Idolatry 2:7-22 Judgment on Jerusalem's Leaders and Social Order 3:1-4:1 The Branch and the Renewal of Zion 4:2-6 The Song of the Vineyard: Israel's Failure 5:1-7 Woes to Israel and Coming Judgment 5:8-30 Isaiah's Vision and Commission 6:1-13 Ahaz, the Immanuel Sign, and Invasion 7:1-25 The Sign of Plunder and a Call to Courage 8:1-10 Trust the Lord, Not Alliances or Diviners 8:11-22 A Child Is Born: Promise of Peace 9:1-7 Israel's Arrogance and Coming Punishment 9:8-10:4 Assyria: Instrument of Judgment and Its Doom 10:5-19 The Remnant and the Fall of Assyria 10:20-34 The Righteous Branch and the Peaceable Kingdom 11:1-16 A Song of Praise for God's Salvation 12:1-6 Babylon's Doom and the Day of the Lord 13:1-14:23 God's Decree: Assyria Overthrown 14:24-27 Oracle Concerning Philistia and Promise to Zion 14:28-32 Lament for Moab 15:1-16:14 Judgment on Damascus and Northern Israel 17:1-14 A Message to Cush (Ethiopia) 18:1-7 Judgment on Egypt and Future Salvation 19:1-25 Isaiah's Sign against Egypt and Cush 20:1-6 Prophecy of Babylon's Fall (The Watchman's Report) 21:1-10 Oracle concerning Dumah: The Night Watchman's Lament 21:11-12 Oracle Against Arabia (Dedan and Kedar) 21:13-17 The Valley of Vision: Jerusalem's Fall and Leadership Change 22:1-25 Tyre's Fall and Future Restoration 23:1-18 The Lord's Universal Judgment and Final Reign 24:1-23 Praise for God's Triumph and Deliverance 25:1-12 Trust in God and Hope for Deliverance 26:1-21 The Slaying of Leviathan and Israel's Restoration 27:1-13 Woe to Ephraim and Judah: Drunkenness and Judgment 28:1-29 Woe to Ariel (Jerusalem) and Promise of Enlightenment 29:1-24 Rebuke for Seeking Egypt's Help; Call to Trust the Lord 30:1-33 Egypt Is No Help; The Lord Will Save Jerusalem 31:1-9 A Righteous King and Just Leadership 32:1-8 Call to Repentance and Promise of Renewal 32:9-20 A Plea for Deliverance and the Lord's Judgment 33:1-24 The Lord's Vengeance on the Nations (Edom) 34:1-17 The Glorious Restoration of the Redeemed 35:1-10 Sennacherib's Siege and Rabshakeh's Taunt 36:1-22 Hezekiah Seeks Isaiah; Rabshakeh's Threat 37:1-13 Hezekiah's Prayer and Isaiah's Assurance 37:14-20 God Delivers Jerusalem and Sennacherib's Defeat 37:21-38 Hezekiah's Illness, Prayer, and Recovery 38:1-22 Babylonian Envoys and the Announcement of Exile 39:1-8 Comfort for Zion and the Majesty of God 40:1-31 God Defends Israel Against the Nations and Idols 41:1-29 The Servant of the Lord: Covenant and Mission 42:1-9 A Call to Praise and God's Guidance for the Blind 42:10-17 Israel's Unfaithfulness and Resulting Judgment 42:18-25 Israel Redeemed: God's Sovereign Deliverer 43:1-13 The Lord Proclaims Redemption and Rebukes Israel 43:14-28 Israel Chosen and Blessed by the Spirit 44:1-5 The Folly of Idols and God's Uniqueness 44:6-23 God the Creator and the Call of Cyrus for Israel's Restoration 44:24-45:25 The God Who Carries and Redeems: Yahweh's Sovereignty over Idols 46:1-13 The Humbling of Babylon the Mistress 47:1-15 Israel's Stubbornness and God's Resolute Purpose 48:1-11 God's Sovereign 'I Am' and Call to Return 48:12-22 The Servant's Commission to Restore Israel and the Nations 49:1-8 Restoration and Promise to Gather Israel 49:9-26 The Servant's Suffering and Israel's Rejection 50:1-11 Comfort for Zion: Remember Abraham; God's Salvation 51:1-16 Awakening of Zion and Proclamation of Salvation 51:17-52:12 The Suffering Servant and Atonement 52:13-53:12 The Exalted Zion: Promise of Restoration and Protection 54:1-17 Invitation to Life and the Power of God's Word 55:1-13 Justice, Inclusion, and Sabbath Observance 56:1-8 Condemnation of Idolatry and Complacency 56:9-57:13 Restoration for the Humble and Promise of Peace 57:14-21 True Fasting: Justice, Mercy, and Sabbath Blessing 58:1-14 Sin's Consequences and God's Redeeming Intervention 59:1-21 The Glory and Gathering of Zion 60:1-22 The Year of the Lord's Favor and Joyful Restoration 61:1-11 Zion's Vindication and New Name 62:1-12 The Lord's Vengeance: Treading the Winepress 63:1-6 Remembering God's Mercy and Plea for Restoration 63:7-64:12 God's Grace to the Faithful and Judgment on the Rebellious 65:1-16 A New Creation: Joy and Peace 65:17-25 The Lord's Final Judgment and the New Creation 66:1-24

Jeremiah

The Call and Commission of Jeremiah 1:1-19 Israel's Unfaithfulness and Call to Repentance 2:1-3:5 Judah's Spiritual Adultery and Call to Return 3:6-4:4 The Coming Calamity on the Land 4:5-31 An Accusation against Jerusalem's Corruption 5:1-31 The Siege and Devastation of Jerusalem 6:1-30 The Temple Sermon: False Security Condemned 7:1-29 Violence and Corruption in the Land 7:30-8:3 Persistent Idolatry and Coming Punishment 8:4-9:26 The Folly of Idols 10:1-16 Judah's Flight and Jeremiah's Lament 10:17-22 A Prayer for Direction and Deliverance 10:23-25 The Broken Covenant and a Public Warning 11:1-17 Conspiracy against Jeremiah and God's Vindication 11:18-23 Jeremiah's Complaint to God 12:1-4 A Call to Endure and Judgment on Nations 12:5-17 The Linen Belt: Symbol of Judah's Humiliation 13:1-11 A Sign of Shame and Pronounced Judgment 13:12-14 A Lament of Shame and Imminent Disaster 13:15-27 Famine, False Prophets, and Divine Judgment 14:1-15:21 Symbolic Acts and the People's Sinfulness 16:1-17:18 Warning about Sabbath Violations 17:19-27 The Potter and the Broken Jar: Judgment on Jerusalem 18:1-19:15 Persecution by Pashhur the Priest 20:1-6 Jeremiah's Lament and Resolve 20:7-18 A Message to the Royal House: Doom for Jerusalem 21:1-14 Judgment on the Kings and Royal House 22:1-30 False Shepherds Condemned and a Righteous Branch Promised 23:1-8 Condemnation of False Prophets 23:9-32 The Lord Rebukes False Oracles 23:33-40 The Two Figs: Exile and Remnant 24:1-10 Seventy Years of Babylonian Dominion 25:1-14 The Cup of God's Wrath on the Nations 25:15-38 Jeremiah's Temple Address, Arrest, and Vindication 26:1-24 The Yoke of Babylon and Call to Submit 27:1-22 Hananiah's False Prophecy and Its Rebuke 28:1-17 Letter to the Exiles: Seek the Welfare of Babylon 29:1-23 Shemaiah's Letter and Its Condemnation 29:24-32 The Book of Comfort: Restoration and the New Covenant 30:1-31:40 Jeremiah Buys a Field: Faith and Hope in Captivity 32:1-44 Promise of Restoration and the Davidic Covenant 33:1-26 Zedekiah's Appeal and Jeremiah's Warning 34:1-7 Breach of Covenant and Punishment for Oppression 34:8-22 The Rechabites' Fidelity as a Rebuke to Judah 35:1-19 Baruch Writes Jeremiah's Words and the Scroll Is Burned 36:1-32 Jeremiah Imprisoned during the Siege of Jerusalem 37:1-21 Jeremiah Cast into a Cistern 38:1-13 Ebed‑Melech Rescues Jeremiah; Zedekiah's Failure 38:14-28 The Fall of Jerusalem and Jeremiah's Release 39:1-18 Gedaliah Appointed Governor and Jeremiah's Choice 40:1-6 Assassination of Gedaliah and the Terror in Judah 40:7-41:15 Rejection of Jeremiah's Counsel and Flight to Egypt 41:16-43:13 The Jews in Egypt: Idolatry and Condemnation 44:1-30 A Word to Baruch: Encouragement and Warning 45:1-5 Oracles against Egypt 46:1-28 Judgment on the Philistines 47:1-7 Judgment on Moab 48:1-47 Judgment on Ammon 49:1-6 Judgment on Edom 49:7-22 Judgment on Damascus and Aram 49:23-27 Destruction of Kedar and the Nomads 49:28-33 Judgment on Elam and Future Restoration 49:34-39 Judgment on Babylon and Its Final Fall 50:1-51:64 The Fall of Jerusalem and Zedekiah's Fate 52:1-30 Jehoiachin's Release from Babylonian Captivity 52:31-34

Ezekiel

The Vision of God's Glory and the Living Creatures 1:1-28 Ezekiel's Commission and the Eating of the Scroll 2:1-3:15 Ezekiel Appointed as Watchman and Made Speechless 3:16-27 Symbolic Acts of Siege and Judgment on Jerusalem 4:1-5:17 Judgment on Israel for Idolatry 6:1-14 The Day of the Lord: Impending Disaster 7:1-27 Visions of Temple Abominations 8:1-18 The Execution of Jerusalem's Wicked and the Marked Few 9:1-11 The Departure of God's Glory from the Temple 10:1-22 Condemnation of Jerusalem's Leaders 11:1-15 The Departure of God's Glory and Promise of Restoration 11:16-25 Signs of Exile and the Futility of False Hopes 12:1-28 Condemnation of False Prophets and Diviners 13:1-23 Elders' Idolatry and Its Consequences 14:1-11 Judgment on Nations and the Limits of Intercession 14:12-23 Jerusalem Portrayed as a Useless Vine 15:1-8 Jerusalem's Infidelity: Shame, Judgment, and Vindication 16:1-63 The Parable of the Two Eagles: Zedekiah's Folly 17:1-24 Individual Responsibility and the Call to Repentance 18:1-32 A Lament for Israel's Princes 19:1-14 Israel's History of Rebellion and Divine Judgment 20:1-29 Punishment for Profane Worship and Promise of Restoration 20:30-44 A Prophecy Against the Mountains of Israel 20:45-49 The Sword of the Lord: Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations 21:1-32 Jerusalem's Corruption and the Search for a Righteous Remnant 22:1-31 The Sisters' Harlotry: Samaria and Jerusalem Condemned 23:1-49 The Boiling Pot: Prophecy of Jerusalem's Siege 24:1-14 The Sign of Ezekiel's Wife's Death: Judgment and Changed Lament 24:15-27 Oracle Against Ammon 25:1-7 Oracles Against Moab and Seir 25:8-11 Judgment on the Philistines 25:12-14 Oracle Against Tyre 25:15-17 The Fall of Tyre Foretold 26:1-21 Lamentation for Tyre, the Merchant City 27:1-36 The Pride and Fall of Tyre's Ruler 28:1-19 Judgment on Sidon and Promise of Israel's Security 28:20-26 Egypt's Humiliation and Years of Desolation 29:1-21 The Day of the Lord Against Egypt and Its Allies 30:1-26 Egypt Compared to the Fallen Cedar: Pride and Doom 31:1-18 Lament for Egypt's Collapse and Descent into Sheol 32:1-32 The Watchman's Duty and Personal Responsibility 33:1-20 Report of Jerusalem's Fall and the People's Alarm 33:21-33 Condemnation of Bad Shepherds and Promise of a Good Shepherd 34:1-31 Judgment on Edom for Rejoicing over Israel 35:1-15 Promise of Israel's Restoration and Spiritual Renewal 36:1-38 The Valley of Dry Bones: National Revival 37:1-14 The Two Sticks: Unity of Israel and the Davidic Covenant 37:15-28 The Invasion of Gog and Its Defeat 38:1-39:29 Vision of the Future Temple: Introduction and Commission 40:1-4 Measurements of the Outer Court and Gateways 40:5-16 Courtyard Entrances and Portico Dimensions 40:17-19 Inner Court Entrances and Chambers 40:20-23 Vestibules and Side Entrance Specifications 40:24-27 Details of Inner Chambers and Gate Structure 40:28-37 Porches, Chambers, and Steps of the Temple Court 40:38-43 Priests' Chambers and the Prince's Quarters 40:44-47 The Inner Sanctuary and Holy Place Measurements 40:48-41:26 Priestly Chambers and the Inner Court Layout 42:1-20 The Return of God's Glory to the Temple 43:1-12 Altar Design and Sacrificial Regulations 43:13-27 Temple Gates, Priestly Roles, and Exclusions 44:1-31 Land Allotments and the Prince's Portion 45:1-12 Worship Regulations: Offerings, Festivals, and the Prince 45:13-46:24 The Life-Giving River Flowing from the Temple 47:1-12 Division of the Land and Inheritance Boundaries 47:13-23 Tribal Allotments in the Restored Land 48:1-29 The City Gates and the Name: 'The Lord Is There' 48:30-35

Matthew

The Genealogy of Jesus 1:1-17 The Birth of Jesus Foretold to Joseph 1:18-25 The Visit of the Magi 2:1-12 Flight into Egypt and the Slaughter of the Innocents 2:13-18 Return to Nazareth 2:19-23 John the Baptist Prepares the Way 3:1-12 The Baptism of Jesus 3:13-17 The Temptation of Jesus 4:1-11 Jesus Begins His Galilean Ministry 4:12-17 Jesus Calls the First Disciples 4:18-22 Jesus Ministers Throughout Galilee 4:23-25 The Beatitudes 5:1-12 Salt and Light 5:13-16 Jesus and the Law 5:17-20 Teaching on Anger and Reconciliation 5:21-26 Teaching on Adultery and Lust 5:27-30 Teaching on Divorce 5:31-32 Teaching on Oaths and Honesty 5:33-37 Teaching on Retaliation and Generosity 5:38-42 Love Your Enemies 5:43-48 Giving to the Needy in Secret 6:1-4 Prayer and the Lord's Prayer 6:5-15 Teaching on Fasting 6:16-18 Treasures and Serving God 6:19-24 Do Not Worry 6:25-34 Do Not Judge 7:1-6 Ask, Seek, Knock and the Golden Rule 7:7-12 The Narrow and Wide Gates 7:13-14 Recognizing False Prophets 7:15-23 Parable of the Wise and Foolish Builders 7:24-29 Jesus Cleanses a Leper 8:1-4 The Faith of the Centurion 8:5-13 Jesus Heals Many and Fulfills Prophecy 8:14-17 The Cost of Discipleship 8:18-22 Jesus Calms the Storm 8:23-27 Healing of Two Demon-Possessed Men 8:28-34 Jesus Heals a Paralytic 9:1-8 Jesus Calls Matthew and Eats with Sinners 9:9-13 Fasting and the New Cloth and Wineskins 9:14-17 A Daughter Restored and a Woman Healed 9:18-26 Two Blind Men Healed and a Mute Man Restored 9:27-34 Jesus' Compassion and the Call for Workers 9:35-38 The Mission of the Twelve 10:1-42 John's Inquiry and Jesus' Testimony about John 11:1-19 Woe to Unrepentant Cities 11:20-24 The Father's Revelation and Rest for the Weary 11:25-30 Sabbath Controversies: Grain and Healing 12:1-14 Jesus Heals and Fulfills Isaiah's Prophecy 12:15-21 Accusation, Blasphemy Against the Spirit, and the Heart's Fruit 12:22-37 The Sign of Jonah and the Unclean Spirit 12:38-45 Jesus Redefines Family 12:46-50 The Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 13:1-23 The Parable of the Weeds 13:24-30 The Mustard Seed and the Yeast 13:31-35 Explanation of the Weeds and End-Time Judgment 13:36-43 Treasure and Pearl: The Kingdom's Value 13:44-46 The Net and New and Old Treasures 13:47-52 Jesus Rejected at Nazareth 13:53-58 The Execution of John the Baptist 14:1-12 Feeding the Five Thousand 14:13-21 Jesus Walks on Water and Heals Many 14:22-36 Tradition, Purity, and the Canaanite Woman's Faith 15:1-28 Jesus Heals Many and Feeds the Four Thousand 15:29-39 Pharisees Demand a Sign 16:1-4 Warning About the Teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees 16:5-12 Peter's Confession: You Are the Christ 16:13-20 Jesus Foretells His Death and Discipleship 16:21-28 The Transfiguration 17:1-13 Healing a Demon-Possessed Boy and a Second Prediction of Death 17:14-23 Payment of the Temple Tax 17:24-27 Humility and Care for Little Ones 18:1-9 The Parable of the Lost Sheep 18:10-14 Church Discipline and Prayer 18:15-20 Forgiveness and the Unforgiving Servant 18:21-35 Marriage, Divorce, and Children 19:1-15 The Rich Young Ruler and the Cost of Discipleship 19:16-30 The Parable of the Laborers in the Vineyard 20:1-16 Jesus Predicts His Death and Resurrection 20:17-19 Request for Honor and Teaching on Servanthood 20:20-28 Two Blind Men Healed Near Jericho 20:29-34 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 21:1-11 Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Heals 21:12-17 The Withered Fig Tree and Teaching on Faith 21:18-22 Jesus' Authority Challenged 21:23-27 The Parable of the Two Sons 21:28-32 The Parable of the Wicked Tenants 21:33-46 The Parable of the Wedding Banquet 22:1-14 Question about Paying Taxes to Caesar 22:15-22 The Sadducees and the Resurrection 22:23-33 The Greatest Commandment 22:34-40 Jesus Questions the Pharisees about the Messiah 22:41-46 Seven Woes on the Scribes and Pharisees 23:1-39 The Olivet Discourse: Signs of the End and the Temple's Destruction 24:1-35 The Olivet Discourse: Watchfulness and Judgment 24:36-51 The Parable of the Ten Virgins 25:1-13 The Parable of the Talents 25:14-30 The Final Judgment: Sheep and Goats 25:31-46 The Plot to Arrest Jesus 26:1-5 The Anointing at Bethany 26:6-13 Judas Agrees to Betray Jesus 26:14-16 The Last Supper 26:17-30 Jesus Predicts Peter's Denial 26:31-35 Prayer in Gethsemane 26:36-46 The Arrest of Jesus 26:47-56 Jesus Before the Sanhedrin 26:57-68 Peter's Denial and Repentance 26:69-75 Judas' Remorse and Suicide 27:1-10 Jesus Sentenced by Pilate 27:11-26 Jesus Mocked and Scourged 27:27-31 The Crucifixion and Mockery 27:32-44 The Death of Jesus 27:45-56 Jesus Is Buried 27:57-61 The Tomb Secured by the Authorities 27:62-66 The Resurrection: Women at the Tomb 28:1-10 The Guards' Report and the Chief Priests' Lie 28:11-15 The Great Commission 28:16-20

Mark

John the Baptist Prepares the Way 1:1-8 The Baptism and Temptation of Jesus 1:9-13 Jesus Begins His Ministry and Calls the First Disciples 1:14-20 Jesus Teaches with Authority and Casts Out an Unclean Spirit 1:21-28 Healings and Demons Cleansed at Simon's Home 1:29-34 Jesus Prays and Proclaims the Kingdom in Galilee 1:35-39 Healing of a Man with Leprosy 1:40-45 Forgiveness and Healing of a Paralytic 2:1-12 Calling of Levi and Eating with Sinners 2:13-17 Questions about Fasting; New Cloth and Wineskins 2:18-22 Sabbath Controversies: Grain, Healing, and Plot Against Jesus 2:23-3:6 Great Crowds Follow; Unclean Spirits Acknowledge Jesus 3:7-12 Jesus Appoints the Twelve Apostles 3:13-19 Accusations of Beelzebul and the Parable of the Strong Man 3:20-30 Jesus Redefines True Family 3:31-35 Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 4:1-20 A Lamp, Measure, and the Principle of Growth 4:21-25 Parable of the Growing Seed 4:26-29 The Mustard Seed and the Kingdom's Growth 4:30-34 Jesus Calms the Storm 4:35-41 The Gerasene Demoniac Restored 5:1-20 A Woman Healed and Jairus' Daughter Raised 5:21-43 Jesus Rejected in His Hometown 6:1-6 Jesus Sends Out the Twelve 6:7-13 Herod, Herodias, and the Death of John the Baptist 6:14-29 Feeding of the Five Thousand 6:30-44 Jesus Walks on Water and Heals at Gennesaret 6:45-56 Tradition, Inner Purity, and What Truly Defiles 7:1-23 A Gentile Woman's Faith and the Healing at Tyre 7:24-30 Jesus Heals a Deaf Man Who Could Not Speak Clearly 7:31-37 Feeding the Four Thousand and the Pharisees' Demand for a Sign 8:1-13 Beware the Yeast of the Pharisees and Herod 8:14-21 Healing of a Blind Man at Bethsaida 8:22-26 Peter Confesses Jesus as the Christ 8:27-30 Jesus Predicts His Death and Calls Disciples to Take Up the Cross 8:31-9:1 The Transfiguration and the Return of Elijah 9:2-13 Healing of a Boy with an Unclean Spirit; Jesus Predicts His Passion Again 9:14-32 Who Is the Greatest? A Child as the Model of Service 9:33-37 Tolerance for Those Who Serve in Jesus' Name 9:38-41 Warnings about Causing Sin; Exhortations on Salt and Holiness 9:42-50 Jesus' Teaching on Divorce 10:1-12 Jesus Blesses Little Children 10:13-16 The Rich Young Man and the Cost of Discipleship 10:17-31 Jesus Again Predicts His Suffering, Death, and Resurrection 10:32-34 Ambition and Servanthood: The Way of True Greatness 10:35-45 Jesus Heals Blind Bartimaeus 10:46-52 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 11:1-11 Withered Fig Tree and the Cleansing of the Temple 11:12-19 Faith, Prayer, and the Call to Forgiveness 11:20-26 Religious Leaders Question Jesus' Authority 11:27-33 The Parable of the Wicked Tenants 12:1-12 Render to Caesar: Taxes and Allegiance 12:13-17 Sadducees Challenge Resurrection; Jesus Teaches Eternal Life 12:18-27 The Greatest Commandment: Love God and Neighbor 12:28-34 Jesus Questions the Messiah and Warns Against Scribes 12:35-40 The Widow's Offering: True Generosity 12:41-44 The Olivet Discourse: Signs of Destruction and the End 13:1-31 No One Knows the Day: Be Watchful 13:32-37 Plot to Kill Jesus and the Anointing at Bethany 14:1-11 The Passover Meal and Institution of the Lord's Supper 14:12-26 Jesus Predicts the Disciples' Flight and Peter's Denial 14:27-31 Gethsemane: Jesus' Agony and Prayer 14:32-42 The Arrest of Jesus in Gethsemane 14:43-52 Jesus Before the Council 14:53-65 Peter's Denial and His Remorse 14:66-72 Jesus Before Pilate; Barabbas Released 15:1-15 The Soldiers Mock and Scourge Jesus 15:16-20 The Way of the Cross and the Crucifixion 15:21-32 Jesus' Death and the Centurion's Confession 15:33-41 The Burial of Jesus 15:42-47 The Resurrection: Women Find the Empty Tomb 16:1-8 Appearances of the Risen Lord and the Commission 16:9-20

Luke

Purpose and Order of the Gospel 1:1-4 Announcement of John the Baptist's Birth 1:5-25 The Annunciation to Mary 1:26-38 Mary Visits Elizabeth 1:39-45 Mary's Song (The Magnificat) 1:46-56 The Birth and Naming of John 1:57-66 Zechariah's Prophecy and John's Mission 1:67-80 The Birth of Jesus in Bethlehem 2:1-7 Angels Announce the Shepherds' Good News 2:8-20 Presentation in the Temple; Simeon and Anna 2:21-40 The Boy Jesus in the Temple 2:41-52 John the Baptist's Call to Repentance 3:1-20 The Baptism and Genealogy of Jesus 3:21-38 Jesus Tested in the Wilderness 4:1-13 Rejection at Nazareth 4:14-30 Authority over Unclean Spirits in Capernaum 4:31-37 Healings and Preaching in Galilee 4:38-44 The Call of the First Disciples 5:1-11 Healing a Man with Leprosy 5:12-16 A Paralytic Forgiven and Healed 5:17-26 The Calling of Levi and Eating with Sinners 5:27-32 Questions about Fasting; New Wine and Old Wineskins 5:33-39 Lord of the Sabbath and a Sabbath Healing 6:1-11 The Appointment of the Twelve Apostles 6:12-16 The Sermon on the Plain: Blessings and Woes 6:17-26 Love Your Enemies and Be Merciful 6:27-36 Judging Others and the Speck and Log 6:37-42 A Tree and Its Fruit: True Character Revealed 6:43-45 The Wise and Foolish Builders 6:46-49 The Faith of the Centurion 7:1-10 Raising the Widow's Son at Nain 7:11-17 John the Baptist's Inquiry and Jesus' Testimony 7:18-35 A Sinful Woman Forgiven 7:36-50 Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 8:1-15 Lighted Lamp and Hearing the Word 8:16-18 Jesus Redefines His Family 8:19-21 Jesus Calms the Storm 8:22-25 Healing the Gerasene Demoniac 8:26-39 Jairus' Daughter Raised and a Woman Healed 8:40-56 The Twelve Sent Out 9:1-9 Feeding the Five Thousand 9:10-17 Peter's Confession and the Way of the Cross 9:18-27 The Transfiguration 9:28-36 Healing a Demon-Possessed Boy; A Second Passion Prediction 9:37-45 Who Is Greatest and a Servant's Ministry 9:46-50 Jesus Resolves for Jerusalem; Samaritan Rejection 9:51-56 The Cost of Discipleship 9:57-62 The Seventy Sent Out and Their Return 10:1-24 The Good Samaritan 10:25-37 Mary and Martha: Choosing the Better Part 10:38-42 The Lord's Prayer and Persistent Prayer 11:1-13 Jesus, Beelzebul, and True Blessedness 11:14-28 Demand for a Sign; Jonah and the Queen of the South 11:29-32 The Light of the Body and Inner Purity 11:33-36 Woes to the Pharisees and Lawyers 11:37-54 Warnings against Hypocrisy and Confession before Men 12:1-12 The Parable of the Rich Fool 12:13-21 Do Not Worry; Seek God's Kingdom 12:22-34 Watchfulness and Faithful Stewardship 12:35-48 Division Caused by Christ 12:49-53 Interpreting the Times and Settling with Adversaries 12:54-59 Call to Repentance and the Barren Fig Tree 13:1-9 Healing on the Sabbath and Jesus' Rebuke 13:10-17 Parables of the Mustard Seed and Yeast 13:18-21 The Narrow Door and the Cost of Entry 13:22-30 Jesus Laments over Jerusalem 13:31-35 Healing at a Pharisee's House and Humility at the Table 14:1-14 Parable of the Great Banquet 14:15-24 The Cost of Following Jesus; Salt and Saltiness 14:25-35 The Parable of the Lost Sheep 15:1-7 The Parable of the Lost Coin 15:8-10 The Parable of the Prodigal Son 15:11-32 The Shrewd Manager and Teaching on Wealth 16:1-15 Law, the Kingdom, and Divorce 16:16-18 The Rich Man and Lazarus 16:19-31 Teachings on Temptation, Forgiveness, and Duty 17:1-10 Healing of the Ten Lepers 17:11-19 The Coming of the Kingdom and End-Time Sayings 17:20-37 Parable of the Persistent Widow 18:1-8 Parable of the Pharisee and the Tax Collector 18:9-14 Jesus Blesses Little Children 18:15-17 The Rich Ruler and the Cost of Discipleship 18:18-30 Jesus Predicts His Death Again 18:31-34 Healing of Blind Bartimaeus 18:35-43 Zacchaeus: Salvation Comes to His House 19:1-10 Parable of the Ten Minas 19:11-27 Triumphal Entry and Lament over Jerusalem 19:28-44 Cleansing the Temple and Teaching 19:45-48 Jesus' Authority Challenged 20:1-8 Parable of the Wicked Tenants 20:9-19 Paying Taxes to Caesar 20:20-26 Question about the Resurrection 20:27-40 Jesus Questions the Pharisees; Warnings against Hypocrisy 20:41-47 The Widow's Offering 21:1-4 The Destruction of the Temple and Signs of the End 21:5-38 The Plot to Kill Jesus and Judas' Agreement 22:1-6 The Last Supper and Predictions of Denial 22:7-38 Agony in the Garden of Gethsemane 22:39-46 Jesus Arrested 22:47-53 Peter's Denial Fulfilled 22:54-62 Jesus Mocked and Beaten 22:63-65 Jesus before the Council and Pilate; Sentencing 22:66-23:25 The Way of the Cross and the Penitent Thief 23:26-43 The Death of Jesus and the Centurion's Confession 23:44-49 The Burial of Jesus 23:50-56 The Empty Tomb and the Women's Report 24:1-12 The Road to Emmaus and Recognition of the Risen Lord 24:13-35 Jesus Appears to the Disciples and Explains Scripture 24:36-49 The Ascension and the Disciples' Worship 24:50-53

John

The Word Became Flesh 1:1-18 John the Baptist's Witness 1:19-28 Behold the Lamb of God 1:29-34 The First Disciples and Simon Peter 1:35-42 Calling of Philip and Nathanael 1:43-51 The Wedding at Cana: Water Made Wine 2:1-11 Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Speaks of His Body 2:12-25 Nicodemus and the New Birth 3:1-21 John the Baptist Exalts Jesus 3:22-36 Jesus and the Samaritan Woman at the Well 4:1-26 The Harvest Is Ready 4:27-38 Samaritans Believe in Jesus 4:39-42 Healing of the Royal Official's Son 4:43-54 Jesus Heals at Bethesda 5:1-15 Jesus Claims Authority Over Life and Judgment 5:16-30 Witnesses to Jesus and Israel's Unbelief 5:31-47 Feeding the Five Thousand 6:1-15 Jesus Walks on the Sea 6:16-24 Jesus the Bread of Life 6:25-59 Many Turn Away; Peter's Confession 6:60-71 Jesus Stays Away from Judea 7:1-13 Jesus Teaches at the Festival 7:14-24 Growing Division Over Jesus 7:25-44 Temple Officers and the Adulterous Woman 7:45-8:11 Jesus the Light and His Claim 8:12-30 True Discipleship and Freedom 8:31-41 Jesus' Divine Origin and Opposition 8:42-47 Jesus' 'I Am' and Preexistence 8:48-59 Healing of a Man Born Blind 9:1-12 Controversy with the Pharisees over the Healing 9:13-34 Spiritual Sight and Blindness 9:35-41 The Good Shepherd and His Sheep 10:1-21 Feast of Dedication and Controversy over Jesus 10:22-42 Lazarus' Sickness and Jesus' Intention 11:1-16 Jesus Weeps at Lazarus' Tomb 11:17-37 Jesus Raises Lazarus from the Dead 11:38-44 Plot to Kill Jesus and Caiaphas' Counsel 11:45-57 Mary Anoints Jesus; Plot to Kill Lazarus 12:1-11 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 12:12-19 Greeks Seek Jesus; He Predicts His Death 12:20-36 Unbelief and Jesus' Final Appeal 12:37-50 Jesus Washes the Disciples' Feet 13:1-17 The Prediction of Judas' Betrayal 13:18-30 The New Commandment and Peter's Denial 13:31-38 Jesus Promises a Place in the Father's House 14:1-4 Jesus the Way to the Father 14:5-14 Promise of the Holy Spirit and Peace 14:15-31 The Vine and the Command to Love 15:1-17 The World's Hatred and the Cost of Discipleship 15:18-16:4 The Holy Spirit's Work 16:5-16 Sorrow Turned to Joy; Peace in Christ 16:17-33 The Son's Prayer for Glory 17:1-5 Prayer for the Disciples' Protection and Sanctification 17:6-19 Prayer for Unity Among Believers 17:20-26 Jesus Arrested in Gethsemane 18:1-11 Jesus Brought to Annas 18:12-14 Peter's First Denial 18:15-18 Jesus Questioned and Struck Before the High Priest 18:19-24 Peter Denies Jesus Three Times 18:25-27 Jesus Before Pilate 18:28-40 Jesus Scourged, Mocked, and Sentenced to Crucifixion 19:1-16 The Crucifixion and Jesus' Care for His Mother 19:17-27 Jesus' Death and the Fulfillment of Scripture 19:28-37 Jesus' Burial 19:38-42 The Empty Tomb Discovered 20:1-9 Mary Magdalene Meets the Risen Lord 20:10-18 Jesus Appears to His Disciples and Breathes the Spirit 20:19-23 Thomas Believes; Purpose of John's Gospel 20:24-31 The Miraculous Catch and Breakfast by the Sea 21:1-14 Peter Reinstated and the Beloved Disciple 21:15-25

Acts

The Ascension of Jesus 1:1-11 Prayer in the Upper Room and the Choosing of Matthias 1:12-26 Pentecost: The Coming of the Spirit 2:1-13 Peter's Sermon and Three Thousand Converted 2:14-41 The Early Christian Community 2:42-47 Healing at the Beautiful Gate 3:1-10 Peter's Address at Solomon's Colonnade 3:11-26 The Apostles Before the Sanhedrin 4:1-22 Believers Pray for Boldness 4:23-31 The Believers Share Possessions 4:32-37 Ananias and Sapphira 5:1-11 Signs Performed by the Apostles 5:12-16 Persecution of the Apostles and Their Witness 5:17-42 The Appointment of the Seven Deacons 6:1-7 Stephen's Wisdom and Opposition 6:8-15 Stephen's Speech before the Sanhedrin 7:1-53 The Stoning of Stephen and the Persecution of the Church 7:54-8:1 Saul's Persecution Scatters the Church 8:2-3 Philip Proclaims Christ in Samaria 8:4-8 Simon Magus and Peter's Rebuke 8:9-25 Philip and the Ethiopian Eunuch 8:26-40 The Conversion of Saul 9:1-19 Saul's Early Ministry and Acceptance by the Church 9:20-31 Peter Heals Aeneas and Raises Tabitha 9:32-43 Cornelius' Vision and the Call for Peter 10:1-8 Peter's Vision and the Messengers from Cornelius 10:9-23 Peter at Cornelius' House: Gentiles Receive the Spirit 10:24-48 Peter Defends the Conversion of Gentiles 11:1-18 The Church in Antioch and Famine Relief 11:19-30 Herod Executes James; Peter Miraculously Freed 12:1-19 Herod's Death and the Church's Continued Growth 12:20-25 The First Missionary Sending 13:1-3 Ministry in Cyprus and Elymas's Blinding 13:4-12 Paul's Mission in Pisidian Antioch 13:13-52 Paul and Barnabas in Iconium 14:1-7 Healing in Lystra and Paul's Stoning 14:8-20 Paul and Barnabas Strengthen the Churches 14:21-28 The Jerusalem Council on Gentile Circumcision 15:1-21 The Council's Letter and Peace with Antioch 15:22-35 Paul and Barnabas Separate 15:36-41 Timothy Joins Paul and Churches Are Strengthened 16:1-5 The Call to Macedonia 16:6-10 Lydia's Conversion at Philippi 16:11-15 Paul and Silas Imprisoned and Released in Philippi 16:16-40 Preaching in Thessalonica and Opposition 17:1-9 Berea's Noble Reception and Paul's Departure 17:10-15 Paul's Address at the Areopagus 17:16-34 Paul's Ministry in Corinth and Conflict 18:1-17 Paul Departs; Apollos Instructed by Priscilla and Aquila 18:18-28 Paul's Ministry and the Ephesian Disciples 19:1-22 The Ephesian Riot over Artemis 19:23-41 Paul's Journeys Through Macedonia and Greece 20:1-6 Eutychus Raised in Troas 20:7-12 Paul's Farewell to the Ephesian Elders 20:13-38 Paul's Voyage to Jerusalem 21:1-16 Paul's Arrival in Jerusalem and the Temple Ritual 21:17-26 Paul Seized in the Temple 21:27-36 Paul's Defense: His Conversion and Mission 21:37-22:21 Paul's Arrest and the Council's Division 22:22-23:11 The Plot to Kill Paul and the Soldier's Intervention 23:12-22 Paul Escorted to Caesarea under Guard 23:23-35 Paul's Defense before Governor Felix 24:1-27 Paul Brought before Festus and the Jewish Charges 25:1-12 King Agrippa Learns of Paul's Case 25:13-22 Paul's Defense Before Agrippa 25:23-26:32 Paul's Voyage to Rome Begins 27:1-12 The Storm at Sea and God's Promise of Safety 27:13-26 Shipwreck and Deliverance on Malta 27:27-44 Paul on Malta: Healing and Hospitality 28:1-10 Voyage to Rome and Arrival 28:11-16 Paul in Rome: Preaching under House Arrest 28:17-31

Romans

Paul's Greeting and the Gospel's Power 1:1-17 God's Wrath Against Ungodliness 1:18-32 God's Impartial Judgment and Conscience 2:1-16 The Law, True Circumcision, and Jewish Identity 2:17-29 Israel's Advantage and God's Faithfulness 3:1-8 Universal Sinfulness and the Law's Condemnation 3:9-20 Righteousness Through Faith and Justification 3:21-31 Abraham: Justification by Faith 4:1-25 Peace with God and Reconciliation 5:1-11 Adam and Christ: Death, Grace, and Righteousness 5:12-21 Dead to Sin, Alive in Christ 6:1-14 Slavery to Sin or to Righteousness 6:15-23 Released from the Law to Serve in the Spirit 7:1-6 The Inner Conflict: Law, Sin, and the Flesh 7:7-25 Life in the Spirit: Freedom and Adoption 8:1-17 Future Glory and the Spirit's Intercession 8:18-27 Assurance of God's Love: Nothing Can Separate Us 8:28-39 Paul's Sorrow and God's Sovereign Election 9:1-29 Righteousness by Faith and Israel's Unbelief 9:30-10:21 A Remnant Preserved and Israel's Hardening 11:1-10 Gentiles Grafted In and a Warning Against Boasting 11:11-24 The Mystery of Israel's Salvation and God's Mercy 11:25-32 Doxology: Praise for God's Wisdom and Sovereignty 11:33-36 A Living Sacrifice and the Diversity of Gifts 12:1-8 Christian Conduct: Love, Humility, and Ethical Duties 12:9-21 Submission to Authorities and Civic Duty 13:1-7 Love Fulfills the Law; Walk in the Light 13:8-14 Christian Liberty, Conscience, and Mutual Acceptance 14:1-15:13 Paul's Service to the Gentiles and Missionary Ambition 15:14-22 Paul's Travel Plans and Prayer Requests 15:23-33 Personal Greetings, Final Warnings, and Doxology 16:1-27

Revelation

The Revelation Announced and the Blessing 1:1-3 Greeting and the Lord's Self‑Declaration 1:4-8 John's Vision of the Glorified Son of Man 1:9-20 Letter to Ephesus: Faithfulness and the Call to Repent 2:1-7 Letter to Smyrna: Persecution and the Crown of Life 2:8-11 Letter to Pergamum: Fidelity and False Teaching 2:12-17 Letter to Thyatira: Tolerance of Immorality and Promise to Overcomers 2:18-29 Letter to Sardis: Wakefulness and Repentance 3:1-6 Letter to Philadelphia: An Open Door and a Promise of Protection 3:7-13 Letter to Laodicea: Lukewarmness and the Call to Repent 3:14-22 The Throne in Heaven and Heavenly Worship 4:1-11 The Sealed Scroll and the Worthy Lamb 5:1-14 The Six Seals: Tribulation and Cosmic Disturbance 6:1-17 The Sealing of the 144,000 7:1-8 The Multitude Before the Throne: Salvation and Comfort 7:9-17 The Seventh Seal and the Prayers of the Saints 8:1-5 The Trumpet Judgments: Plagues and Woes 8:6-9:21 The Mighty Angel and the Little Scroll 10:1-11 The Two Witnesses: Prophecy, Death, and Resurrection 11:1-14 The Seventh Trumpet: God's Kingdom Proclaimed and the Temple Opened 11:15-19 The Cosmic Conflict: The Woman, the Dragon, and the Male Child 12:1-13:1 The Sea Beast: Blasphemy and Persecution 13:2-10 The Earth Beast and the Mark of the Beast 13:11-18 The Lamb on Mount Zion and the 144,000 14:1-5 The Three Angels' Messages and the Call to Endure 14:6-13 The Harvest of the Earth: Reaping God's Judgment 14:14-20 The Seven Last Plagues and the Victors' Song 15:1-8 The Bowl Judgments: The Seven Bowls of God's Wrath 16:1-21 The Fall of Babylon the Great and the Beast's Doom 17:1-18:24 Heavenly Praise and the Marriage of the Lamb 19:1-10 Christ's Triumphant Return and the Defeat of the Beast 19:11-21 Satan Bound and the Reign of the Saints 20:1-6 Satan's Final Rebellion and Defeat 20:7-10 The Great White Throne and the Final Judgment 20:11-15 The New Heaven and New Earth and the New Jerusalem 21:1-27 The River of Life and the Throne of God 22:1-6
1 And the king sent and gathered to him all the elders of Judah and Jerusalem.

2 K.23.1 - Details

Original Text

וישלח המלך ויאספו אליו כל־ זקני יהודה וירושלם׃

Morphology

  • וישלח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ויאספו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • כל: DET
  • זקני: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
  • וירושלם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 2 Chron.34.30 (verbal): Parallel retelling of Josiah’s reforms — Chronicles records the king summoning the elders of Judah and Jerusalem in language closely corresponding to Kings.
  • 1 Kgs.8.1 (structural): Solomon summons all the elders of Israel to the king/temple assembly — a comparable royal call of tribal leaders for a major cultic event.
  • Neh.8.1 (thematic): The elders of Judah gather (at the Water Gate) to hear the law — echoes the motif of elders assembling under leadership for religious instruction and covenant renewal.
  • Josh.24.1 (thematic): Joshua gathers all the tribes and elders for a covenant renewal at Shechem — a similar scene of leaders being summoned to decide or affirm national/religious commitments.

Alternative generated candidates

  • The king sent and gathered to him all the elders of Judah and Jerusalem.
  • Then the king sent and gathered to him all the elders of Judah and Jerusalem.
2 The king went up to the house of the LORD with all the men of Judah and all who lived in Jerusalem, the priests and the prophets and all the people, from the least to the greatest; and he read to them all the words of the Book of the Covenant that had been found in the house of the LORD.

2 K.23.2 - Details

Original Text

ויעל המלך בית־ יהוה וכל־ איש יהודה וכל־ ישבי ירושלם אתו והכהנים והנביאים וכל־ העם למקטן ועד־ גדול ויקרא באזניהם את־ כל־ דברי ספר הברית הנמצא בבית יהוה׃

Morphology

  • ויעל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
  • וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
  • ישבי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
  • והכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • והנביאים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,def
  • וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
  • העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • למקטן: PREP+ADJ,m,sg
  • ועד: CONJ+PREP
  • גדול: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • ויקרא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • באזניהם: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs+3mp
  • את: PRT,acc
  • כל: DET
  • דברי: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,1,c,sg
  • ספר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הברית: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • הנמצא: PART,nif,ptc,ms,sg,def
  • בבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 2Chron.34.30-32 (structural): Parallel account of Josiah's reform: the king, all Judah and Jerusalem, the priests and prophets, and the people hear the book of the covenant and covenant renewal (closely matches 2 Kgs 23:1–3).
  • 2Kgs.22.8-20 (structural): Immediate literary context: discovery of the 'book of the law' in the temple and the prophetess Huldah's oracle that prompts the king's reading and subsequent reforms described in 2 Kgs 23:2.
  • Deut.31.9-13 (thematic): Mosaic legislation commanding regular public reading of the law to all Israel (men, women, children, and strangers), which provides the legal-theological precedent for Josiah's public reading of the covenant-book.
  • Josh.8.30-35 (thematic): After the conquest, Joshua gathers all Israel and reads 'all the words of the law'—a parallel instance of covenantal public reading to the assembled people.
  • Neh.8.1-8 (thematic): Ezra reads the Law aloud to all the people, with Levites explaining it—a postexilic echo of communal public reading and covenant instruction like Josiah's action in 2 Kgs 23:2.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the king went up to the house of the LORD, and all the men of Judah and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem with him— the priests and the prophets and all the people, from the least to the greatest— and he read before them all the words of the book of the covenant that was found in the house of the LORD.
  • The king went up to the house of the LORD, he and all the men of Judah and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem with him — the priests and the prophets and all the people, from the least to the greatest — and he read aloud to them all the words of the book of the covenant that had been found in the house of the LORD.
3 The king stood by the pillar and made a covenant before the LORD to walk after the LORD, to keep his commandments and his testimonies and his statutes with all his heart and with all his soul, to confirm the words of this covenant written in this book; and all the people stood to the covenant.

2 K.23.3 - Details

Original Text

ויעמד המלך על־ העמוד ויכרת את־ הברית ׀ לפני יהוה ללכת אחר יהוה ולשמר מצותיו ואת־ עדותיו ואת־ חקתיו בכל־ לב ובכל־ נפש להקים את־ דברי הברית הזאת הכתבים על־ הספר הזה ויעמד כל־ העם בברית׃

Morphology

  • ויעמד: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • על: PREP
  • העמוד: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ויכרת: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • הברית: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • לפני: PREP
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ללכת: VERB,qal,inf
  • אחר: PREP
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ולשמר: CONJ+VERB,qal,inf
  • מצותיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs,poss:3,m,sg
  • ואת: CONJ
  • עדותיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs+3ms
  • ואת: CONJ
  • חקתיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs,3,m,sg
  • בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ובכל: CONJ+PREP
  • נפש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • להקים: VERB,qal,inf
  • את: PRT,acc
  • דברי: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,1,c,sg
  • הברית: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • הזאת: DEM,f,sg,def
  • הכתבים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • על: PREP
  • הספר: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • הזה: DEM,m,sg
  • ויעמד: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • כל: DET
  • העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • בברית: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Exodus 24:3-8 (structural): Covenant ceremony: the leader reads/recites the book of the covenant, the people assent to do the words, and the covenant is ratified in a formal rite (Moses sprinkles blood).
  • Deuteronomy 29:10-13 (thematic): All Israel assembled and standing before the LORD to enter into covenant, pledging obedience with communal commitment — motifs of standing before Yahweh and binding obligation.
  • Joshua 24:25-27 (structural): Joshua establishes a covenant between the people and Yahweh, records it in writing and sets up a witness (stone/record), paralleling Josiah’s public covenant and written record.
  • 2 Chronicles 34:31-33 (verbal): Direct parallel account of Josiah’s action in Chronicles: the king stands by a pillar, makes a covenant to follow the LORD and to keep the words of the book — close verbal and narrative correspondence.
  • Nehemiah 9:38; 10:28-29 (thematic): Postexilic covenant renewal: leaders and people seal a written covenant, bind themselves to follow the law and to observe statutes — communal recommitment and written agreement echo Josiah’s renewal.

Alternative generated candidates

  • The king stood by a pillar and made a covenant before the LORD, to walk after the LORD and to keep his commandments, his statutes, and his laws, with all his heart and all his soul, to establish the words of the covenant written in this book; and all the people stood to the covenant.
  • The king stood by the pillar and made a covenant before the LORD, to walk after the LORD and to keep his commandments and his testimonies and his statutes with all his heart and with all his soul, to establish the words of this covenant written in this book; and all the people stood to the covenant.
4 The king commanded Hilkiah the high priest and the priests of his divisions and the gatekeepers to bring out of the house of the LORD all the vessels that had been made for Baal and for Asherah and for the host of heaven; and he burned them outside Jerusalem in the fields of Kidron and carried their ashes to Bethel.

2 K.23.4 - Details

Original Text

ויצו המלך את־ חלקיהו הכהן הגדול ואת־ כהני המשנה ואת־ שמרי הסף להוציא מהיכל יהוה את כל־ הכלים העשוים לבעל ולאשרה ולכל צבא השמים וישרפם מחוץ לירושלם בשדמות קדרון ונשא את־ עפרם בית־ אל׃

Morphology

  • ויצו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • את: PRT,acc
  • חלקיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • הגדול: ADJ,m,sg,def
  • ואת: CONJ
  • כהני: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • המשנה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • ואת: CONJ
  • שמרי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • הסף: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • להוציא: VERB,hiph,inf
  • מהיכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • כל: DET
  • הכלים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • העשוים: PART,qal,ptc,m,pl,def
  • לבעל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ולאשרה: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,prop
  • ולכל: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • צבא: NOUN,m,sg,const
  • השמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • וישרפם: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,sg
  • מחוץ: PREP
  • לירושלם: PREP+NOUN,prop,f,sg
  • בשדמות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • קדרון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ונשא: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • עפרם: NOUN,m,sg,suff
  • בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG

Parallels

  • 2 Chronicles 34:4-7 (quotation): Parallel retelling of Josiah’s temple reforms: removing vessels and objects associated with Baal/Asherah and burning them; Chronicles recounts the same purge in similar detail.
  • 2 Kings 23:6-7 (structural): Immediate narrative continuation within the same reform account (breaking Asherah poles, cutting down altars, carrying ashes to Bethel)—closely connected actions and wording.
  • Deuteronomy 12:2-3 (thematic): Law prescribing the destruction of foreign altars, pillars, and Asherah images—provides the legal/ideological background for Josiah’s removal and burning of cultic objects.
  • 1 Kings 15:12 (thematic): King Asa’s earlier reform: removing his grandmother’s Asherah and high places; thematically parallels royal purges of Asherah and foreign cultic installations in Judah.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then the king commanded Hilkiah the high priest, and the priests of the second rank, and the gatekeepers, to bring out of the temple of the LORD all the vessels that were made for Baal and for Asherah and for all the host of heaven; and he burned them outside Jerusalem in the fields of the Kidron and carried their ashes to Bethel.
  • The king commanded Hilkiah the high priest and the priests of the second order and the doorkeepers to bring out of the house of the LORD all the vessels made for Baal and for Asherah and for all the host of the heavens; and they burned them outside Jerusalem in the fields of the Kidron and carried their ashes to Bethel.
5 He put away the priests whom the kings of Judah had appointed to burn incense on the high places in the cities of Judah and around Jerusalem; he removed those who burned incense to Baal, to the sun, to the moon, to the constellations, and to all the host of heaven.

2 K.23.5 - Details

Original Text

והשבית את־ הכמרים אשר נתנו מלכי יהודה ויקטר בבמות בערי יהודה ומסבי ירושלם ואת־ המקטרים לבעל לשמש ולירח ולמזלות ולכל צבא השמים׃

Morphology

  • והשבית: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • הכמרים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • נתנו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
  • מלכי: NOUN,pl,m,cons
  • יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
  • ויקטר: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • בבמות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • בערי: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,const
  • יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
  • ומסבי: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ואת: CONJ
  • המקטרים: VERB,qal,ptcp,3,m,pl,def
  • לבעל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לשמש: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ולירח: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ולמזלות: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • ולכל: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • צבא: NOUN,m,sg,const
  • השמים: NOUN,m,pl,def

Parallels

  • 2 Chronicles 34:4-7 (structural): Parallel account of Josiah’s reforms—removes priests who burned incense in high places and destroys idolatrous worship surrounding Jerusalem (matches content and sequence).
  • Deuteronomy 12:2-3 (thematic): Legal command to destroy high places, altars and Asherim—provides the Mosaic-law background for uprooting local high-place worship.
  • Deuteronomy 4:19 (thematic): Warning against turning to the sun, moon and stars—theological rationale against ‘serving the host of heaven’ mentioned in 2 Kgs 23:5.

  • 1 Kings 15:12 (thematic): Description of King Asa removing high places and Asherah poles—an earlier royal reform that parallels Josiah’s actions in eliminating local/astral cultic practices.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He put down the idolatrous priests whom the kings of Judah had ordained to burn incense on the high places in the cities of Judah and in the outskirts of Jerusalem; he likewise removed those who burned incense to Baal, to the sun, to the moon, to the constellations, and to all the host of heaven.
  • He put away the priests whom the kings of Judah had appointed to burn incense on the high places in the cities of Judah and in the outlying places of Jerusalem, and the men who burned incense to Baal, to the sun, to the moon, to the constellations and to all the host of heaven.
6 He brought out the Asherah from the house of the LORD to the Kidron Valley and burned it there; he ground it to dust and threw the dust on the graves of the common people.

2 K.23.6 - Details

Original Text

ויצא את־ האשרה מבית יהוה מחוץ לירושלם אל־ נחל קדרון וישרף אתה בנחל קדרון וידק לעפר וישלך את־ עפרה על־ קבר בני העם׃

Morphology

  • ויצא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • האשרה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • מבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • מחוץ: PREP
  • לירושלם: PREP+NOUN,prop,f,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • נחל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • קדרון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וישרף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
  • בנחל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,const
  • קדרון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וידק: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • לעפר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וישלך: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • עפרה: NOUN,prop,f,sg
  • על: PREP
  • קבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • העם: NOUN,m,sg,def

Parallels

  • 2Chron.34.6 (quotation): Parallel retelling of Josiah's action — the Asherah is brought out of the temple, burned at the Kidron, stamped to powder, and its dust cast on the graves (near-verbatim account).
  • 2Kgs.18.4 (verbal): Hezekiah likewise 'cut down the Asherah' and abolished idolatrous objects; shares verbal motif of removing Asherah poles during a royal reform.
  • Judg.6.25-30 (thematic): Gideon's nighttime demolition and burning of a local Asherah pole (and rebuilding of an altar to YHWH) echoes the theme of destroying Asherah cultic imagery and restoring exclusive worship.
  • 2Kgs.23.4 (structural): Immediate parallel within the same reform sequence — Josiah commands removal and destruction of cultic vessels and images, situating v.6 within a broader temple-cleansing program.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He pulled out the Asherah from the house of the LORD outside Jerusalem to the brook Kidron, and burned it there and ground it to dust, and scattered the dust on the graves of the people.
  • He brought the Asherah out of the house of the LORD, outside Jerusalem, to the valley of Kidron and burned it there; he ground it to dust and threw its dust upon the graves of the common people.
7 He broke down the quarters in the house of the LORD where the women wove hangings for Asherah.

2 K.23.7 - Details

Original Text

ויתץ את־ בתי הקדשים אשר בבית יהוה אשר הנשים ארגות שם בתים לאשרה׃

Morphology

  • ויתץ: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • בתי: NOUN,f,sg,abs,1cs
  • הקדשים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • בבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • הנשים: NOUN,f,pl,def
  • ארגות: PART,qal,part,3,f,pl
  • שם: ADV
  • בתים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • לאשרה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 2 Chronicles 34:7 (quotation): Parallel account of Josiah’s reforms; virtually the same wording about demolishing the houses where women wove hangings for the Asherah.
  • 2 Kings 18:4 (verbal): Hezekiah ‘cut down the Asherah’ and removed cultic objects—language and action closely parallel Josiah’s removal of Asherah-related installations.
  • Deuteronomy 12:2-3 (thematic): Lawic injunction to destroy high places, pillars and Asherim—provides the theological rationale for tearing down Asherah houses in the Deuteronomistic reform tradition.
  • Judges 6:25-28 (thematic): Gideon’s demolition of an altar and cutting down of the Asherah pole is an earlier instance of destroying local Asherah worship, thematically akin to Josiah’s purges.
  • 1 Kings 15:13 (thematic): King Asa’s removal of foreign altars and high places echoes the same reform impulse against Asherah and related cultic sites found in Josiah’s actions.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He broke down the houses of the female cultic worshipers that were in the house of the LORD, where women wove hangings for Asherah.
  • He broke down the houses of the sacred prostitutes that were in the house of the LORD, where the women wove hangings for Asherah.
8 He brought all the priests from the cities of Judah and made unclean the high places where the priests burned incense—from Geba to Beersheba—and he tore down the high places at the city gates that stood before the gatekeepers.

2 K.23.8 - Details

Original Text

ויבא את־ כל־ הכהנים מערי יהודה ויטמא את־ הבמות אשר קטרו־ שמה הכהנים מגבע עד־ באר שבע ונתץ את־ במות השערים אשר־ פתח שער יהושע שר־ העיר אשר־ על־ שמאול איש בשער העיר׃

Morphology

  • ויבא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • כל: DET
  • הכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • מערי: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,cs
  • יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
  • ויטמא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • הבמות: NOUN,f,pl,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • קטרו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • שמה: ADV
  • הכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • מגבע: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • עד: PREP
  • באר: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • שבע: NUM,card
  • ונתץ: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • במות: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • השערים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • פתח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • שער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יהושע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • שר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • על: PREP
  • שמאול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בשער: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def

Parallels

  • 2 Kings 23:4 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same narrative: Josiah gathers the priests and removes idolatrous priests and high places in Judah; closely related wording and sequence of reform actions.
  • 2 Chronicles 34:6-7 (verbal): Parallel account of Josiah’s reforms in Chronicles: describes cleansing the high places from Bethel to Beersheba, putting down altars and Asherah poles, and removing idolatrous priests—very similar wording and scope.
  • Deuteronomy 12:2-3 (thematic): Law instructing Israel to destroy the high places, altars, and sacred stones; provides the legal/theological basis for Josiah’s removal and destruction of local shrines.
  • 1 Kings 15:12-14 (thematic): King Asa’s reforms in Judah: removing foreign altars and high places and breaking down Asherah poles—an earlier royal precedent for centralized worship and elimination of local shrines.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He brought out all the priests from the cities of Judah and made unclean the high places where the priests had burned incense, from Geba to Beersheba; and he broke down the high places of the city gates which were before the entrance—those that were on the hill that belonged to Samaria.
  • He brought all the priests from the cities of Judah and made unclean the high places on which the priests had burned incense, from Geba to Beersheba; and he broke down the high places of the gateways that were before the gate by Joshua the governor, the king’s officer who was in the city gate.
9 But the priests of the high places did not enter the altar of the LORD in Jerusalem; they ate the consecrated bread among their brothers.

2 K.23.9 - Details

Original Text

אך לא יעלו כהני הבמות אל־ מזבח יהוה בירושלם כי אם־ אכלו מצות בתוך אחיהם׃

Morphology

  • אך: PART
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • יעלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • כהני: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • הבמות: NOUN,f,pl,def
  • אל: NEG
  • מזבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • בירושלם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • כי: CONJ
  • אם: CONJ
  • אכלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • מצות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • בתוך: PREP
  • אחיהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs,suff,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 12:13-14 (thematic): Law commanding centralized worship: do not offer sacrifices 'in every place' but at the place the LORD chooses, and there to eat — provides legal background for forbidding high‑place cultic officiation and requiring participation at the central altar.
  • 1 Kings 12:31 (verbal): Uses the same idea/term of 'priests of the high places' (priests made for the high places); shows origin and earlier practice of appointing non‑Levitical/high‑place priests that Josiah later reforms.
  • 2 Chronicles 34:3-7 (structural): Parallel account of Josiah’s reforms removing high places and idols in Judah and Jerusalem — provides the broader narrative context for 2 Kgs 23:9.
  • 2 Chronicles 35:18-19 (thematic): Account of Josiah’s centralized Passover in Jerusalem, noting its uniqueness and the role of priests/Levites — parallels the outcome of Josiah’s reforms in 2 Kgs 23:9 (Passover/feasting centralized at Jerusalem).

Alternative generated candidates

  • Only the priests of the high places did not come up to the altar of the LORD at Jerusalem, but they ate unleavened bread among their brothers.
  • But the priests of the high places did not come up to the altar of the LORD in Jerusalem; only they ate the unleavened offerings among their brethren.
10 He defiled Topheth, which is in the Valley of Ben Hinnom, so that no one could make his son or his daughter pass through the fire to Molech.

2 K.23.10 - Details

Original Text

וטמא את־ התפת אשר בגי בן־ הנם לבלתי להעביר איש את־ בנו ואת־ בתו באש למלך׃

Morphology

  • וטמא: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • התפת: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • בגי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הנם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • לבלתי: PART,neg
  • להעביר: VERB,hiph,inf
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • בנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
  • ואת: CONJ
  • בתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • באש: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • למלך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Leviticus 18:21 (verbal): Explicit prohibition against giving children to Molech/’passing them through the fire’—same ritual condemned by Josiah’s action at Topheth.
  • Leviticus 20:2-5 (verbal): Legal penalty for making one’s children pass through fire to Molech; reinforces the cultic practice Josiah removes and desecrates.
  • Deuteronomy 12:31 (thematic): Condemns burning sons and daughters in the fire to pagan gods and instructs Israel not to imitate such abominations—thematically parallels Josiah’s cleansing of Topheth.
  • 2 Kings 21:6 (verbal): Earlier account within the Deuteronomistic history reporting that kings (e.g., Manasseh) ‘made his son pass through the fire’—directly parallels the practice Josiah eliminates.
  • Jeremiah 32:35 (allusion): Links Topheth/Valley of Ben‑Hinnom with child sacrifice—Jeremiah condemns the same site and practice that Josiah defiles to stop the ritual.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He defiled Topheth, which is in the Valley of Ben-hinnom, to prevent anyone from making his son or his daughter pass through the fire for Molech.
  • He made unclean Topheth which is in the valley of Ben‑Hinnom, so that no man might make his son or his daughter pass through the fire for Molech.
11 He removed from the house of the LORD the horses that the kings of Judah had dedicated to the sun, at the entrance of the house of the LORD; and he brought out the chariot of the sun from there to the chamber of Nathan‑melech the chamberlain, which was in the precincts, and he burned the chariots of the sun with fire.

2 K.23.11 - Details

Original Text

וישבת את־ הסוסים אשר נתנו מלכי יהודה לשמש מבא בית־ יהוה אל־ לשכת נתן־ מלך הסריס אשר בפרורים ואת־ מרכבות השמש שרף באש׃

Morphology

  • וישבת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • הסוסים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • נתנו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
  • מלכי: NOUN,pl,m,cons
  • יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
  • לשמש: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • מבא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • לשכת: NOUN,f,sg,const
  • נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • הסריס: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • בפרורים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ואת: CONJ
  • מרכבות: NOUN,f,pl,const
  • השמש: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • שרף: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • באש: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 2 Chron.34.7-8 (verbal): Parallel wording: Josiah removes the horses and chariots dedicated to the sun and burns the chariots of the sun with fire — a direct retelling of the same action.
  • 2 Chron.34.31-33 (thematic): Part of the same reform narrative in Chronicles: Josiah purges the land and temple of idolatrous altars and cult objects, echoing the destruction and removal described in 2 Kings 23:11.
  • 2 Kgs.23.4-5 (structural): Immediate context in Kings: preceding verses recount Josiah’s removal of idolatrous high-place altars and priests, framing v.11 as part of his temple reforms.
  • 2 Kgs.18.4 (thematic): Hezekiah’s reform: like Josiah, Hezekiah removes royal-sanctioned cult objects (high places, sacred poles, and a serpent used in worship), providing a thematic parallel of kings eradicating unauthorized cultic items.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He took away the horses that the kings of Judah had given to the sun at the entrance of the house of the LORD, and brought them out from there; and he removed the chariots of the sun and burned them with fire. He carried the horses and the chariots to the chamber of Nathan-melech the eunuch, which was in the suburbs.
  • He took away the horses that the kings of Judah had dedicated to the sun at the entrance of the house of the LORD, and brought them into the chamber of Nethan‑melech the chamberlain, which was in the precincts, and burned the chariots of the sun with fire.
12 He broke down the altars on the roof that Ahaz had made, and the altars that Manasseh had made in the two courts of the house of the LORD; the king threw their dust into the Kidron.

2 K.23.12 - Details

Original Text

ואת־ המזבחות אשר על־ הגג עלית אחז אשר־ עשו ׀ מלכי יהודה ואת־ המזבחות אשר־ עשה מנשה בשתי חצרות בית־ יהוה נתץ המלך וירץ משם והשליך את־ עפרם אל־ נחל קדרון׃

Morphology

  • ואת: CONJ
  • המזבחות: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • על: PREP
  • הגג: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • עלית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • אחז: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • עשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • מלכי: NOUN,pl,m,cons
  • יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
  • ואת: CONJ
  • המזבחות: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • מנשה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בשתי: PREP+NUM,card,f,dual
  • חצרות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • נתץ: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • וירץ: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • משם: PREP
  • והשליך: VERB,hifil,perf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • עפרם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,pl
  • אל: NEG
  • נחל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • קדרון: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 2 Kings 23:4 (verbal): Same reform sequence — Josiah breaks down altars associated with the house of the LORD (altars at the gate/entrance), closely parallel in language and action.
  • 2 Kings 23:5 (thematic): Related removal of cultic installations given to the sun by earlier kings; part of the same temple-cleaning campaign removing objects and altars introduced by previous monarchs.
  • 2 Kings 23:8 (verbal): Josiah brings out and burns idolatrous objects from the temple and disposes of them at the brook Kidron — closely parallels the disposal of altar ashes into Kidron in v.12.
  • 2 Chronicles 34:4-7 (quotation): Chronicles gives a parallel retelling of Josiah’s reforms, explicitly describing removal of rooftop/temple altars, destruction of Manasseh’s installations, and disposal of the remains by the Kidron.
  • 2 Kings 21:4-7 (allusion): Background account of Manasseh’s idolatrous installations in the temple (setting up altars/objects) — explains the origin of the altars Josiah destroys in ch.23.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He broke down the altars that were on the roof, which Ahaz king of Judah had made; and the altars that Manasseh had made in the two courts of the house of the LORD, the king pulled down; and he threw their dust into the brook Kidron.
  • And the altars that were on the upper chamber of Ahaz which the kings of Judah had made, and the altars that Manasseh had made in the two courts of the house of the LORD — the king broke them down and threw their dust into the brook Kidron.
13 The high places on the east of the hill that Solomon king of Israel had built for Ashtoreth, for Chemosh the abomination of Moab, and for Milcom the abomination of the people of Ammon—he defiled them.

2 K.23.13 - Details

Original Text

ואת־ הבמות אשר ׀ על־ פני ירושלם אשר מימין להר־ המשחית אשר בנה שלמה מלך־ ישראל לעשתרת ׀ שקץ צידנים ולכמוש שקץ מואב ולמלכם תועבת בני־ עמון טמא המלך׃

Morphology

  • ואת: CONJ
  • הבמות: NOUN,f,pl,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • על: PREP
  • פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • מימין: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • להר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • המשחית: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • בנה: NOUN,m,sg,abs+SUFF,3,f,sg
  • שלמה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
  • מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לעשתרת: PREP+NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
  • שקץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • צידנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ולכמוש: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • שקץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מואב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
  • ולמלכם: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss_3mp
  • תועבת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • עמון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • טמא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def

Parallels

  • 1 Kings 11:7 (verbal): Explicitly states that Solomon built high places for Ashtoreth, Chemosh and Molek (Molech) — the same foreign cults and high-place activity that Josiah removes in 2 Kgs 23:13.
  • 2 Chronicles 34:3-7 (structural): Parallel account of Josiah’s reforms in Chronicles describing his purging of high places, altars and idolatry, including those associated with Solomon’s building activity.
  • Deuteronomy 12:2-4 (thematic): God’s command to destroy the nations’ high places and not worship as they did provides the theological background and rationale for Josiah’s removal of the high places in 2 Kgs 23:13.
  • 2 Kings 23:12-15 (structural): Immediate literary context within the same chapter: additional details of Josiah’s actions in tearing down high places, Topheth, and the altars associated with foreign worship, showing the broader sweep of his reform.

Alternative generated candidates

  • The high places that were on the west of the hill which Solomon king of Israel had built for Ashtoreth the abomination of the Sidonians, and for Chemosh the abomination of Moab, and for Milcom the abomination of the Ammonites— the king defiled them.
  • He defiled the high places that were on the east of Jerusalem, on the hill that Solomon the king of Israel had built for Ashtoreth, the abomination of the Sidonians, for Chemosh, the abomination of Moab, and for Milcom, the abhorrence of the people of Ammon.
14 He broke down the pillars and cut down the Asherim, and filled their places with human bones.

2 K.23.14 - Details

Original Text

ושבר את־ המצבות ויכרת את־ האשרים וימלא את־ מקומם עצמות אדם׃

Morphology

  • ושבר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • המצבות: NOUN,f,pl,def
  • ויכרת: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • האשרים: NOUN,f,pl,def
  • וימלא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • מקומם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3mp
  • עצמות: NOUN,f,pl,cons
  • אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 12:2-3 (verbal): Command to demolish the pagan sites: destroy their altars, break their pillars, cut down their Asherim — language and ritual action echoed in Josiah’s breaking of pillars and cutting down Asherahs.
  • 2 Kings 23:6 (structural): Immediate parallel in the same reform narrative: Josiah defiles Topheth in the valley of Ben‑Hinnom to prevent child sacrifice — directly connected to filling the place with human bones.
  • 2 Chronicles 34:4-7 (structural): Chronicles’ account of Josiah’s reform closely parallels 2 Kings 23: Josiah removes high places, breaks pillars, cuts down Asherahs, and defiles sites associated with child sacrifice.
  • 2 Kings 18:4 (thematic): Hezekiah’s reforms: he broke the pillars, cut down the Asherah poles and broke the bronze serpent — a comparable royal purge of idolatrous symbols and cultic objects.
  • Jeremiah 7:31 (allusion): Prophetic denunciation of child sacrifice at Topheth in the valley of Ben‑Hinnom; thematically linked to Josiah’s act of defiling that site and filling it with bones as an end to such practices.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He broke the sacred pillars and cut down the Asherim; he filled their places with human bones.
  • He smashed the sacred pillars and cut down the Asherim and filled their places with human bones.
15 Likewise he did to the altar at Bethel, the high place that Jeroboam son of Nebat had made, who caused Israel to sin—both that altar and the high place he broke down; he burned the high place, ground it to dust, and burned the Asherah.

2 K.23.15 - Details

Original Text

וגם את־ המזבח אשר בבית־ אל הבמה אשר עשה ירבעם בן־ נבט אשר החטיא את־ ישראל גם את־ המזבח ההוא ואת־ הבמה נתץ וישרף את־ הבמה הדק לעפר ושרף אשרה׃

Morphology

  • וגם: CONJ
  • את: PRT,acc
  • המזבח: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • בבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אל: NEG
  • הבמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ירבעם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • נבט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • החטיא: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • גם: ADV
  • את: PRT,acc
  • המזבח: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
  • ואת: CONJ
  • הבמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • נתץ: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • וישרף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • הבמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • הדק: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לעפר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ושרף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • אשרה: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 1 Kings 12:26-30 (allusion): The origin of the Bethel altar: Jeroboam son of Nebat sets up the golden calf/high place at Bethel, explaining the structure Josiah later destroys.
  • 1 Kings 13:1-3 (verbal): A prophet denounces the Bethel altar and prophesies its collapse and ashes being poured out—language echoed by Josiah’s demolition of the altar.
  • 2 Chronicles 34:4-7 (structural): Chronicles’ parallel account of Josiah’s reforms includes the demolition of the Bethel high place and burning of the Asherah, retelling the same episode.
  • 2 Kings 10:26-27 (thematic): Jehu’s purge of Baal worship (tearing down altars and destroying cultic objects) parallels Josiah’s iconoclastic reforming actions against idolatrous shrines.
  • Deuteronomy 12:2-3 (thematic): The Deuteronomic injunction to demolish high places, break pillars, and burn Asherim provides the legal/theological rationale behind Josiah’s destruction of Bethel’s altar and Asherah.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Also the altar at Bethel, the high place that Jeroboam son of Nebat had made, which had caused Israel to sin— even that altar and the high place he tore down and burned; he ground it to dust and burned the Asherah.
  • Also the altar at Bethel, the high place that Jeroboam son of Nebat had made, who caused Israel to sin — that altar and high place he broke down; he burned the high place, ground it to dust, and burned the Asherah.
16 Then Josiah turned and saw the tombs that were there on the hill; and he sent and took the bones out of the tombs and burned them on the altar and defiled it, according to the word of the LORD proclaimed by the man of God who had announced these things.

2 K.23.16 - Details

Original Text

ויפן יאשיהו וירא את־ הקברים אשר־ שם בהר וישלח ויקח את־ העצמות מן־ הקברים וישרף על־ המזבח ויטמאהו כדבר יהוה אשר קרא איש האלהים אשר קרא את־ הדברים האלה׃

Morphology

  • ויפן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יאשיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וירא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • הקברים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • שם: ADV
  • בהר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
  • וישלח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • ויקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • העצמות: NOUN,f,pl,def
  • מן: PREP
  • הקברים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • וישרף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • על: PREP
  • המזבח: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ויטמאהו: VERB,piel,perf,3,m,sg
  • כדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • קרא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • קרא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • הדברים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • האלה: DEM,pl

Parallels

  • 1 Kings 13:2 (quotation): The original prophecy spoken by 'the man of God' predicting that a future king (named in the prophecy as Josiah) would defile the altar by burning human bones on it; 2 Kgs 23:16 cites fulfillment of this oracle.
  • 1 Kings 13:31-34 (quotation): The fuller episode of the man of God and the prophetic announcement concerning the altar and the future desecration by human bones; provides narrative and prophetic background for the action in 2 Kgs 23:16.
  • 2 Chronicles 34:5-7 (structural): Parallel account of Josiah's reform in Chronicles that recounts his removal of idolatrous practices and the desecration/destruction of high-place altars, including burning of bones—a structural retelling of the same act reported in 2 Kgs 23:16.
  • 2 Chronicles 34:6 (verbal): A more specific verbal parallel in Chronicles describing bringing out bones from graves and burning them on the altars, closely mirroring the language and action of 2 Kgs 23:16.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then Josiah turned and saw the tombs that were there on the hill, and he sent and took the bones out of the tombs, and burned them on the altar, and defiled it, according to the word of the man of God who had proclaimed these things.
  • When Josiah turned and saw the tombs there on the mount, he sent and took the bones out of the tombs and burned them on the altar, and defiled it, in accordance with the word of the LORD that the man of God had proclaimed who had declared these things.
17 He said, “What is that monument I see?” And the men of the city told him, “It is the tomb of the man of God who came from Judah and proclaimed these things which you did to the altar at Bethel.”

2 K.23.17 - Details

Original Text

ויאמר מה הציון הלז אשר אני ראה ויאמרו אליו אנשי העיר הקבר איש־ האלהים אשר־ בא מיהודה ויקרא את־ הדברים האלה אשר עשית על המזבח בית־ אל׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • מה: PRON,int
  • הציון: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • הלז: PRON,dem,m,sg
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • אני: PRON,1,sg
  • ראה: VERB,qal,imperat,2,m,sg
  • ויאמרו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,pl
  • אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • אנשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • הקבר: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • בא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • מיהודה: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ויקרא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • הדברים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • האלה: DEM,pl
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • עשית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • על: PREP
  • המזבח: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG

Parallels

  • 1 Kings 13:1-32 (quotation): The full narrative of the 'man of God from Judah' who prophesied against the altar at Bethel, was deceived by the false prophet, killed by a lion, and buried — the event to which 2 Kgs 23:17 refers.
  • 1 Kings 13:32 (verbal): Explicit statement that 'the tomb of the man of God' remained at Bethel to that day — the same tomb identified by the townsmen in 2 Kgs 23:17.
  • 2 Chronicles 34:6-7 (quotation): Parallel account in the Chronicler's history: Josiah asks about a memorial-stone and is told it is the tomb of the man of God from Judah who spoke against the Bethel altar (close verbal and structural agreement).
  • 2 Kings 23:15-16 (structural): Immediate context in Kings: Josiah dismantles the altar at Bethel and removes the idolatrous objects and bones, prompting the question about the monument/tomb described in v.17.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And he said, “What is this monument that I see?” The men of the city said to him, “It is the tomb of the man of God who came from Judah and proclaimed these things about the altar at Bethel.”
  • He said, “What is this monument?” And the men of the city said, “It is the tomb of the man of God who came from Judah and proclaimed these things that you have done against the altar at Bethel.”
18 He said, “Leave him; let no one move his bones.” So they left his bones with the bones of the prophet who came from Samaria.

2 K.23.18 - Details

Original Text

ויאמר הניחו לו איש אל־ ינע עצמתיו וימלטו עצמתיו את עצמות הנביא אשר־ בא משמרון׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • הניחו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • ינע: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • עצמתיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • וימלטו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • עצמתיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • עצמות: NOUN,f,pl,cons
  • הנביא: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • בא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • משמרון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 2Chron.34.7-8 (verbal): Parallel account of Josiah’s reform that uses nearly identical language about leaving alone and not moving the bones of the prophet who came from Samaria; a close structural and verbal parallel to 2 Kgs 23:18.
  • 2Kgs.13.21 (thematic): Narrative about a dead man revived when he touched the bones of Elisha — connects thematically to the special status and perceived power or sanctity of prophets’ bones and the care taken over their remains.
  • 1Kgs.13.31-32 (structural): Story of the burial of the 'man of God' in his tomb by an old prophet’s sons; structurally parallels concerns about burial and treatment of a prophet’s body and bones.
  • Acts 19.11-12 (thematic): New Testament example of objects associated with a holy man (Paul) believed to carry healing power (handkerchiefs/aprons); thematically parallels reverence for prophetic remains and belief in their continuing efficacy.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He said, “Leave him; let his bones not be disturbed.” So they left his bones and the bones of the prophet who came from Samaria.
  • He said, “Let him alone; let no man move his bones.” So they let his bones remain undisturbed; the bones of the prophet who came from Samaria were left there.
19 And Josiah did away with all the high places of the cities of Samaria that the kings of Israel had made to provoke the LORD; he acted toward them as he had done at Bethel.

2 K.23.19 - Details

Original Text

וגם את־ כל־ בתי הבמות אשר ׀ בערי שמרון אשר עשו מלכי ישראל להכעיס הסיר יאשיהו ויעש להם ככל־ המעשים אשר עשה בבית־ אל׃

Morphology

  • וגם: CONJ
  • את: PRT,acc
  • כל: DET
  • בתי: NOUN,f,sg,abs,1cs
  • הבמות: NOUN,f,pl,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • בערי: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,const
  • שמרון: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • עשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • מלכי: NOUN,pl,m,cons
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • להכעיס: VERB,hiphil,inf
  • הסיר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יאשיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויעש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • ככל: PREP
  • המעשים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • בבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אל: NEG

Parallels

  • 2 Kings 23:15-16 (structural): Immediate parallel in the same narrative: verses describing Josiah’s removal and destruction of the high place at Bethel, which this verse explicitly cites as the pattern for actions in Samaria’s cities.
  • 2 Chronicles 34:6-7 (verbal): Chronicles’ retelling of Josiah’s reforms recounts removing high places and altars throughout Judah in language and actions parallel to 2 Kings 23:19.
  • 1 Kings 12:28-33 (thematic): Describes Jeroboam’s establishment of shrines/high places in Bethel and Dan (Samaria region) that provoked Yahweh—background for why Josiah later removes such sites.
  • 1 Kings 13:1-2 (allusion): A prophetic denunciation of the altar at Bethel as a sin for Israel parallels the motif of high places as illicit cult centers that Josiah abolishes.
  • Deuteronomy 12:2-4 (thematic): Law prescribes destroying the high places of the nations and avoiding imitation of their worship—provides the theological rationale for removing high places as Josiah does.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Moreover Josiah removed all the high places of the cities of Samaria that the kings of Israel had made, to provoke the LORD; and he did to them according to all the acts that he had done at Bethel.
  • Moreover Josiah removed all the high places that were in the cities of Samaria, which the kings of Israel had made to provoke the LORD, and he did to them as he had done at Bethel.
20 He slaughtered all the priests of the high places who were there on the altars, and burned human bones on them, and returned to Jerusalem.

2 K.23.20 - Details

Original Text

ויזבח את־ כל־ כהני הבמות אשר־ שם על־ המזבחות וישרף את־ עצמות אדם עליהם וישב ירושלם׃

Morphology

  • ויזבח: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • כל: DET
  • כהני: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • הבמות: NOUN,f,pl,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • שם: ADV
  • על: PREP
  • המזבחות: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • וישרף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • עצמות: NOUN,f,pl,cons
  • אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
  • וישב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 2 Chronicles 34:6-7 (quotation): Parallel account of Josiah’s reform — he defiled the high places, had the bones of priests burned on the altars; essentially the same action reported in a second biblical chronicle.
  • 2 Kings 23:19 (structural): Immediate context in the same chapter — Josiah defiles Topheth and purges sites of child sacrifice; v.20 continues the same program of purging illicit worship.
  • 2 Kings 18:4 (thematic): Hezekiah’s reform: removal of high places, breaking of pillars and cutting down Asherah poles — a similar royal purge of local sanctuaries and their officiants.
  • Deuteronomy 12:2-3 (structural): Deuteronomic law directing Israel to destroy foreign altars and pillars and to cut down Asherim — the legal/ideological background for Josiah’s destruction of high places and their priests.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He slaughtered the priests of the high places who were there on the altars and burned human bones on them; then he returned to Jerusalem.
  • He slaughtered the priests of the high places who were there upon the altars, burned human bones upon them and returned to Jerusalem.
21 The king commanded all the people, “Observe the Passover to the LORD your God, as it is written in this Book of the Covenant.”

2 K.23.21 - Details

Original Text

ויצו המלך את־ כל־ העם לאמר עשו פסח ליהוה אלהיכם ככתוב על ספר הברית הזה׃

Morphology

  • ויצו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • את: PRT,acc
  • כל: DET
  • העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • לאמר: INF,qal,infc
  • עשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • פסח: ADJ,m,sg
  • ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אלהיכם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,pl
  • ככתוב: ADV
  • על: PREP
  • ספר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הברית: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • הזה: DEM,m,sg

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 16:1-8 (verbal): Gives the legal prescription for observing the Passover (time, removal of leaven, place of sacrifice); the king's command to keep the Passover 'as written in the book of the covenant' alludes to these laws.
  • Exodus 12:1-14 (thematic): The foundational institution of the Passover (origins, purpose, and ritual observance) that underlies later prescriptions and national renewals like Josiah's.
  • 2 Chronicles 35:1-19 (structural): Parallel narrative account of Josiah's Passover with overlapping language and expanded detail; Chronicles records the same reformist celebration and its scope.
  • 2 Kings 23:22 (structural): Immediate continuation in Kings reporting that the people observed the Passover as commanded and summarizing the positive outcome of the reform.
  • 2 Chronicles 30:1-27 (thematic): Hezekiah's earlier nationwide Passover renewal serves as a precedent for Josiah's reforms and public observance of the festival.

Alternative generated candidates

  • The king commanded all the people, “Keep the Passover to the LORD your God as it is written in this book of the covenant.”
  • The king commanded all the people, “Observe the Passover to the LORD your God, as it is written in this book of the covenant.”
22 No such Passover had been kept in Israel since the days of the judges who judged Israel, nor in all the days of the kings of Israel and of the kings of Judah;

2 K.23.22 - Details

Original Text

כי לא נעשה כפסח הזה מימי השפטים אשר שפטו את־ ישראל וכל ימי מלכי ישראל ומלכי יהודה׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • נעשה: VERB,qal,impf,1,pl
  • כפסח: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הזה: DEM,m,sg
  • מימי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • השפטים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • שפטו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • את: PRT,acc
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
  • ימי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
  • מלכי: NOUN,pl,m,cons
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ומלכי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop

Parallels

  • 2 Chronicles 35:18 (verbal): A near-verbatim parallel celebrating Josiah’s Passover as unparalleled in Israel’s history; Chronicles repeats the claim that no such Passover had been kept since earlier times.
  • 2 Kings 23:21 (structural): Immediate context: the decree commanding the people to keep the Passover according to the book of the covenant, which explains the basis for the extraordinary nature of this Passover.
  • Exodus 12:14 (thematic): Foundational law instituting the Passover as a lasting ordinance; Josiah’s celebration is noteworthy because it restores observance of this foundational rite.
  • Deuteronomy 16:1-8 (thematic): Prescribes the time and manner of Passover/Feast of Unleavened Bread; Josiah’s observance is described as conforming to the requirements found in the covenantal law.
  • Leviticus 23:5-8 (thematic): Sets out the appointed festival calendar including Passover and the seven-day unleavened bread observance that Josiah reinstated and celebrated in extraordinary fashion.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Neither had such a Passover been kept since the days of the judges who judged Israel, nor in all the days of the kings of Israel and of the kings of Judah.
  • For no such Passover had been kept from the days of the judges who judged Israel, nor in all the days of the kings of Israel and of the kings of Judah.
23 but in the eighteenth year of King Josiah this Passover to the LORD was kept in Jerusalem.

2 K.23.23 - Details

Original Text

כי אם־ בשמנה עשרה שנה למלך יאשיהו נעשה הפסח הזה ליהוה בירושלם׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • אם: CONJ
  • בשמנה: PREP+NUM,f,sg,abs
  • עשרה: NUM,card,m,pl
  • שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • למלך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יאשיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • נעשה: VERB,qal,impf,1,pl
  • הפסח: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • הזה: DEM,m,sg
  • ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
  • בירושלם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 2 Chronicles 35:18 (structural): Parallel account in Chronicles stating that Josiah kept the Passover in the eighteenth year of his reign; same event recounted from another historical tradition.
  • 2 Kings 23:21–22 (structural): Immediate context in Kings describing the preparations and the exceptional nature of this Passover ('there was no Passover like it'), directly connected to v.23.
  • Deuteronomy 16:1–8 (thematic): Prescribes the timing and requirements for observing the Passover and Unleavened Bread—provides the legal/ritual background for Josiah’s national observance.
  • Exodus 12:14 (thematic): Institutes the Passover as a perpetual memorial for Israel, giving theological foundation for periodic national celebration such as Josiah’s Passover.

Alternative generated candidates

  • It was kept in the eighteenth year of King Josiah that this Passover was kept to the LORD in Jerusalem.
  • It was observed in the eighteenth year of King Josiah.
24 Moreover Josiah put away the mediums and spiritists, the household gods and the teraphim, the carved images and all the abominations that were seen in the land of Judah and in Jerusalem, so that he might fulfill the words of the law that were written in the book which Hilkiah the priest had found in the house of the LORD.

2 K.23.24 - Details

Original Text

וגם את־ האבות ואת־ הידענים ואת־ התרפים ואת־ הגללים ואת כל־ השקצים אשר נראו בארץ יהודה ובירושלם בער יאשיהו למען הקים את־ דברי התורה הכתבים על־ הספר אשר מצא חלקיהו הכהן בית יהוה׃

Morphology

  • וגם: CONJ
  • את: PRT,acc
  • האבות: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • ואת: CONJ
  • הידענים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • ואת: CONJ
  • התרפים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • ואת: CONJ
  • הגללים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • ואת: CONJ
  • כל: DET
  • השקצים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • נראו: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,pl
  • בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
  • יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
  • ובירושלם: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בער: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יאשיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • למען: PREP
  • הקים: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • דברי: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,1,c,sg
  • התורה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • הכתבים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • על: PREP
  • הספר: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • מצא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • חלקיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 2 Chron.34.33 (structural): Direct parallel account in Chronicles of Josiah's reforms: removal of idolatrous objects and renewal of the covenant after the book found by Hilkiah—same action and theological purpose.
  • 2 Kgs.22.8-13 (structural): Immediate narrative precursor: Hilkiah finds the book of the law and its reading prompts Josiah's reform measures described in 23:24 (explains motivation and source of the reforms).
  • Deut.12.2-3 (verbal): Law commanding destruction of local high places, altars, pillars and Asherim; language and intent closely match Josiah's demolition of foreign cultic sites to enforce the law.
  • Exod.32.19-20 (thematic): Moses' destruction of the golden calf—burning and humiliating the idol (grinding/consuming) is thematically parallel to Josiah's eradication of idols and cultic objects.
  • 2 Kgs.18.4 (verbal): Hezekiah's reform language (removed high places, broke sacred pillars, cut down Asherim) echoes the same verbs and actions used of Josiah's cleansing of Judah and Jerusalem.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He put away the mediums and necromancers and household gods and idols and all the abominations that were seen in the land of Judah and in Jerusalem; he did this to fulfill the words of the law that were written in the book that Hilkiah the priest had found in the house of the LORD.
  • He also removed the mediums and spiritists, the teraphim and the household idols and all the detestable things that were found in the land of Judah and in Jerusalem, to fulfill the words of the law written in the book that Hilkiah the priest had found in the house of the LORD.
25 Before him there was no king like him, who turned to the LORD with all his heart and with all his soul and with all his might, according to all the law of Moses; and after him there arose no king like him.

2 K.23.25 - Details

Original Text

וכמהו לא־ היה לפניו מלך אשר־ שב אל־ יהוה בכל־ לבבו ובכל־ נפשו ובכל־ מאדו ככל תורת משה ואחריו לא־ קם כמהו׃

Morphology

  • וכמהו: CONJ+PRON,3,m,sg
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לפניו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • שב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לבבו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss:3,m,sg
  • ובכל: CONJ+PREP
  • נפשו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ובכל: CONJ+PREP
  • מאדו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ככל: PREP
  • תורת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
  • משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ואחריו: CONJ+PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • קם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • כמהו: PRT+PRON,3,ms

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 6:5 (verbal): Uses the identical formula 'with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your might' (Hebrew: בכל־לבבך ובכל־נפשך ובכל־מאדך); Josiah's devotion is cast in the language of the Shema's command to love/serve YHWH wholeheartedly.
  • Joshua 22:5 (verbal): Joshua exhorts the tribes to 'love the LORD your God, to walk in all his ways, and to keep his commandments and to hold fast to him and to serve him with all your heart and with all your soul,' echoing the same wholehearted, covenantal obedience attributed to Josiah.
  • Deuteronomy 30:6 (verbal): Promise that God will 'circumcise your heart' so that you will 'love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul,' reinforcing the theological ideal of full-hearted return/commitment reflected in Josiah's reign.
  • 2 Chronicles 34:2-3 (structural): Chronicles retells Josiah's reform: he 'did what was right in the eyes of the LORD' and 'sought God' in ways that parallel and expand the Kings account, presenting the same theme of exceptional, law‑centered devotion.
  • 1 Samuel 13:14 (thematic): Describes David as 'a man after God's own heart'; thematically parallels the characterization of Josiah as uniquely devoted to YHWH—both portray ideal kingship defined by wholehearted fidelity to God.

Alternative generated candidates

  • There was no king like him before him, who turned to the LORD with all his heart and with all his soul and with all his might, according to all the law of Moses; nor after him did any arise like him.
  • Neither before nor after did any king arise like Josiah, who turned to the LORD with all his heart and with all his soul and with all his might, according to all the law of Moses; nor did any like him arise after him.
26 Yet the LORD did not turn from the fierceness of his great wrath, with which his anger burned against Judah because of all the provocations that Manasseh had caused him to anger.

2 K.23.26 - Details

Original Text

אך ׀ לא־ שב יהוה מחרון אפו הגדול אשר־ חרה אפו ביהודה על כל־ הכעסים אשר הכעיסו מנשה׃

Morphology

  • אך: PART
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • שב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • מחרון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • אפו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,suff3ms
  • הגדול: ADJ,m,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • חרה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אפו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,suff3ms
  • ביהודה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • על: PREP
  • כל: DET
  • הכעסים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • הכעיסו: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,pl
  • מנשה: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 2 Kings 21:12-15 (verbal): Explicit earlier statement that Manasseh’s abominations provoked the LORD and that judgment (destruction of Judah) would follow — the source of the ‘great wrath’ mentioned in 2 Kgs 23:26.
  • 2 Chronicles 33:11-13 (allusion): Chronicles recounts Manasseh’s evil, his captivity, and later repentance; it treats the same events behind Kings’ statement but emphasizes repentance and divine response, offering a contrasting perspective to the unrelieved wrath in 2 Kgs 23:26.
  • Ezekiel 8:18 (thematic): Ezekiel condemns Jerusalem’s abominations and says they have provoked God to anger so that His eye will not spare — similar language and theme of communal provocation bringing divine fury.
  • Psalm 106:34-36 (thematic): Psalm recounts Israel’s idolatrous mingling with nations and how such provocations led to God’s judgment — parallels the idea that Manasseh’s idolatry provoked God’s anger against Judah.
  • Psalm 78:59-61 (thematic): Psalm 78 depicts God’s wrath kindled against Israel because of repeated provocations; thematically echoes the collective consequences of ancestral sins referenced in 2 Kgs 23:26.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Yet the LORD would not turn from the fierceness of his great anger, with which his wrath burned against Judah because of all the provocations with which Manasseh had provoked him.
  • Nevertheless the LORD did not turn from the fierceness of his great wrath, with which his anger burned against Judah because of all the provocations with which Manasseh had provoked him.
27 And the LORD said, “I will remove Judah also from my sight, as I have removed Israel, and I will reject this city Jerusalem which I have chosen, and the house I said I would put my name upon, I will cast out of my sight.”

2 K.23.27 - Details

Original Text

ויאמר יהוה גם את־ יהודה אסיר מעל פני כאשר הסרתי את־ ישראל ומאסתי את־ העיר הזאת אשר־ בחרתי את־ ירושלם ואת־ הבית אשר אמרתי יהיה שמי שם׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • גם: ADV
  • את: PRT,acc
  • יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
  • אסיר: VERB,hiph,impf,1,_,sg
  • מעל: PREP
  • פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • כאשר: CONJ
  • הסרתי: VERB,hiph,perf,1,_,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ומאסתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • הזאת: DEM,f,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • בחרתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,?,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ואת: CONJ
  • הבית: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • אמרתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,com,sg
  • יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • שמי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1cs
  • שם: ADV

Parallels

  • 2 Kings 17:20-23 (verbal): Earlier account of God removing Israel from his presence because of their sins—explicit precedent referenced in 2 Kgs 23:27 (“as I removed Israel”).
  • Jeremiah 7:14 (verbal): Similar wording about casting out the people and abandoning the house and city God had chosen/declared as carrying his name (“I will cast you out of my sight… the house that is called by my name”).
  • 2 Chronicles 36:15-21 (thematic): Retells Judah’s rejection, God’s sending of Babylon, and the destruction/exile of Jerusalem and the temple—fulfillment of the threat to remove Judah and cast off the city chosen by God.
  • Deuteronomy 28:63-64 (thematic): Covenantal warning that disobedience will bring disaster and exile—God will scatter/drive the people from the land, echoing the threat to remove Judah and abandon the chosen city.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the LORD said, “I will remove Judah also from my sight, as I have removed Israel, and will reject this city Jerusalem which I have chosen, and will cast off this house that I said, ‘My name shall be there.’”
  • And the LORD said, “I will remove Judah also from my sight, as I have removed Israel; and I will reject this city Jerusalem which I have chosen, and the house about which I said, ‘My name shall be there.’”
28 The rest of the acts of Josiah and all his deeds, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah?

2 K.23.28 - Details

Original Text

ויתר דברי יאשיהו וכל־ אשר עשה הלא־ הם כתובים על־ ספר דברי הימים למלכי יהודה׃

Morphology

  • ויתר: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • דברי: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,1,c,sg
  • יאשיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • הלא: PART
  • הם: PRON,personal,3,m,pl
  • כתובים: VERB,pual,ptcp,m,pl
  • על: PREP
  • ספר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • דברי: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,1,c,sg
  • הימים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • למלכי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cstr
  • יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop

Parallels

  • 2 Kings 23:31 (verbal): Immediate parallel within the same chapter using the same closing formula — 'the rest of the acts... are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah' applied to Jehoahaz.
  • 2 Kings 23:37 (verbal): Another instance in Kings where a king's reign is closed with the identical formula recording 'the rest of the acts... are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah' (here of Jehoiakim).
  • 1 Kings 2:11 (verbal): Same structural closing statement about 'the rest of the acts' of a king being written elsewhere (here referring readers to the book of Samuel) — a recurring historiographical formula.
  • 1 Kings 14:19 (verbal): Parallel closing formula for another Judahite king (Rehoboam), using the phrasing that directs readers to the book/chronicles for the remainder of the king's acts.
  • 2 Chronicles 35:27 (structural): Chronicles’ parallel account of Josiah’s reign and death provides a corresponding closing summary of his deeds; Chronicles often echoes Kings’ formulae or supplies complementary documentary references about a king's acts.

Alternative generated candidates

  • The rest of the acts of Josiah and all his ways, first and last, are written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah.
  • The rest of the acts of Josiah and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah?
29 In his days Pharaoh Neco king of Egypt went up to the king of Assyria to the River Euphrates, and King Josiah went out to meet him; and Pharaoh Neco killed him at Megiddo when he met him.

2 K.23.29 - Details

Original Text

בימיו עלה פרעה נכה מלך־ מצרים על־ מלך אשור על־ נהר־ פרת וילך המלך יאשיהו לקראתו וימיתהו במגדו כראתו אתו׃

Morphology

  • בימיו: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • עלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • פרעה: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • נכה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • על: PREP
  • מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • אשור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • על: PREP
  • נהר: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • פרת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • וילך: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • יאשיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לקראתו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m
  • וימיתהו: VERB,hif,impf,3,m,sg,clit:3,m,sg
  • במגדו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כראתו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc

Parallels

  • 2 Chronicles 35:20-24 (quotation): Parallel account of Pharaoh Neco's encounter with Josiah at Megiddo; Chronicles repeats the core event and supplies overlapping details about Josiah's wounding and death.
  • 2 Kings 23:30 (structural): Immediate continuation of the narrative: describes Josiah being carried from Megiddo to Jerusalem and his death/burial, completing the episode begun in 23:29.
  • Judges 5:19 (thematic): Deborah's song mentions fighting at the waters of Megiddo; thematically connects Megiddo as a recurring site of decisive battles and slaughter in Israel's history.
  • Joshua 12:21 (thematic): Lists the king of Megiddo among the defeated Canaanite rulers; underscores Megiddo's long-standing role as a major battlefield in biblical tradition.

Alternative generated candidates

  • In his days Pharaoh Neco king of Egypt went up to the king of Assyria to the river Euphrates. King Josiah went out to meet him, and Pharaoh Neco killed him at Megiddo when he saw him.
  • In his days Pharaoh Neco king of Egypt went up to the king of Assyria by the river Euphrates. King Josiah went out to meet him, and Pharaoh Neco killed him at Megiddo when he met him.
30 His servants carried him dead from Megiddo and brought him to Jerusalem, and he was buried in his tomb; and the people made Jehoahaz son of Josiah king in his place.

2 K.23.30 - Details

Original Text

וירכבהו עבדיו מת ממגדו ויבאהו ירושלם ויקברהו בקברתו ויקח עם־ הארץ את־ יהואחז בן־ יאשיהו וימשחו אתו וימליכו אתו תחת אביו׃

Morphology

  • וירכבהו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • עבדיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3ms
  • מת: ADJ,m,sg
  • ממגדו: PREP+NOUN,prop,sg,abs
  • ויבאהו: CONJ+VERB,hiph,perf,3,mp
  • ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ויקברהו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl,obj=3m
  • בקברתו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • עם: PREP
  • הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • את: PRT,acc
  • יהואחז: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יאשיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וימשחו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
  • וימליכו: VERB,hiph,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
  • תחת: PREP
  • אביו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg

Parallels

  • 2 Chron.35.23-24 (quotation): Parallel retelling of Josiah’s wounding at Megiddo, his being brought to Jerusalem, death and burial — Chronicles repeats the same episode as Kings.
  • 2 Kgs.23.29 (verbal): Immediate narrative context in Kings: describes Pharaoh Necho’s attack and Josiah’s fatal encounter at Megiddo that leads into v.30’s burial account.
  • 2 Chron.36.1-3 (allusion): Parallel account of the succession: the people anointing Josiah’s son (called Shallum/Jehoahaz) as king and the political aftermath (his short reign and removal by Egypt).
  • 2 Kgs.23.33-34 (structural): Continues the same episode in Kings: Pharaoh Neco deposes Jehoahaz, sets Eliakim (Jehoiakim) as king, and takes Jehoahaz captive — directly related to v.30’s mention of Jehoahaz’s anointing.

Alternative generated candidates

  • His servants carried him in a chariot from Megiddo and brought him to Jerusalem, and he was buried in his own tomb. The people of the land took Jehoahaz son of Josiah and made him king in the place of his father.
  • His servants carried him in a chariot from Megiddo and brought him to Jerusalem, and they buried him in his own tomb. The people took Jehoahaz son of Josiah and anointed him and made him king in his father's place.

And the king sent and gathered to him all the elders of Judah and Jerusalem.

The king went up to the house of the LORD with all the men of Judah and all who lived in Jerusalem, the priests and the prophets and all the people, from the least to the greatest; and he read to them all the words of the Book of the Covenant that had been found in the house of the LORD.

The king stood by the pillar and made a covenant before the LORD to walk after the LORD, to keep his commandments and his testimonies and his statutes with all his heart and with all his soul, to confirm the words of this covenant written in this book; and all the people stood to the covenant.

The king commanded Hilkiah the high priest and the priests of his divisions and the gatekeepers to bring out of the house of the LORD all the vessels that had been made for Baal and for Asherah and for the host of heaven; and he burned them outside Jerusalem in the fields of Kidron and carried their ashes to Bethel.

He put away the priests whom the kings of Judah had appointed to burn incense on the high places in the cities of Judah and around Jerusalem; he removed those who burned incense to Baal, to the sun, to the moon, to the constellations, and to all the host of heaven.

He brought out the Asherah from the house of the LORD to the Kidron Valley and burned it there; he ground it to dust and threw the dust on the graves of the common people.

He broke down the quarters in the house of the LORD where the women wove hangings for Asherah.

He brought all the priests from the cities of Judah and made unclean the high places where the priests burned incense—from Geba to Beersheba—and he tore down the high places at the city gates that stood before the gatekeepers. But the priests of the high places did not enter the altar of the LORD in Jerusalem; they ate the consecrated bread among their brothers.

He defiled Topheth, which is in the Valley of Ben Hinnom, so that no one could make his son or his daughter pass through the fire to Molech.

He removed from the house of the LORD the horses that the kings of Judah had dedicated to the sun, at the entrance of the house of the LORD; and he brought out the chariot of the sun from there to the chamber of Nathan‑melech the chamberlain, which was in the precincts, and he burned the chariots of the sun with fire.

He broke down the altars on the roof that Ahaz had made, and the altars that Manasseh had made in the two courts of the house of the LORD; the king threw their dust into the Kidron.

The high places on the east of the hill that Solomon king of Israel had built for Ashtoreth, for Chemosh the abomination of Moab, and for Milcom the abomination of the people of Ammon—he defiled them.

He broke down the pillars and cut down the Asherim, and filled their places with human bones.

Likewise he did to the altar at Bethel, the high place that Jeroboam son of Nebat had made, who caused Israel to sin—both that altar and the high place he broke down; he burned the high place, ground it to dust, and burned the Asherah.

Then Josiah turned and saw the tombs that were there on the hill; and he sent and took the bones out of the tombs and burned them on the altar and defiled it, according to the word of the LORD proclaimed by the man of God who had announced these things.

He said, “What is that monument I see?” And the men of the city told him, “It is the tomb of the man of God who came from Judah and proclaimed these things which you did to the altar at Bethel.”

He said, “Leave him; let no one move his bones.” So they left his bones with the bones of the prophet who came from Samaria. And Josiah did away with all the high places of the cities of Samaria that the kings of Israel had made to provoke the LORD; he acted toward them as he had done at Bethel.

He slaughtered all the priests of the high places who were there on the altars, and burned human bones on them, and returned to Jerusalem.

The king commanded all the people, “Observe the Passover to the LORD your God, as it is written in this Book of the Covenant.”

No such Passover had been kept in Israel since the days of the judges who judged Israel, nor in all the days of the kings of Israel and of the kings of Judah;

but in the eighteenth year of King Josiah this Passover to the LORD was kept in Jerusalem.

Moreover Josiah put away the mediums and spiritists, the household gods and the teraphim, the carved images and all the abominations that were seen in the land of Judah and in Jerusalem, so that he might fulfill the words of the law that were written in the book which Hilkiah the priest had found in the house of the LORD.

Before him there was no king like him, who turned to the LORD with all his heart and with all his soul and with all his might, according to all the law of Moses; and after him there arose no king like him.

Yet the LORD did not turn from the fierceness of his great wrath, with which his anger burned against Judah because of all the provocations that Manasseh had caused him to anger. And the LORD said, “I will remove Judah also from my sight, as I have removed Israel, and I will reject this city Jerusalem which I have chosen, and the house I said I would put my name upon, I will cast out of my sight.”

The rest of the acts of Josiah and all his deeds, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah?

In his days Pharaoh Neco king of Egypt went up to the king of Assyria to the River Euphrates, and King Josiah went out to meet him; and Pharaoh Neco killed him at Megiddo when he met him.

His servants carried him dead from Megiddo and brought him to Jerusalem, and he was buried in his tomb; and the people made Jehoahaz son of Josiah king in his place.