Peter's Denial and His Remorse
Mark 14:66-72
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Mark.14.66 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Και: CONJ
- οντος: PART,pres,act,gen,sg,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- Πετρου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- κατω: ADV
- εν: PREP
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- αυλη: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- ερχεται: VERB,pres,mid,ind,3,sg
- μια: NUM,nom,sg,f
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- παιδισκων: NOUN,gen,pl,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- αρχιερεως: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Matthew 26:69 (verbal): Parallel narrative: a servant girl of the high priest recognizes Peter in the courtyard; Matthew retells the same incident with similar details.
- Luke 22:56 (verbal): Parallel account: Luke records a servant girl identifying Peter and the subsequent denial scene, closely paralleling Mark's portrayal.
- John 18:17 (verbal): Parallel scene in John: a servant girl at the door speaks to Peter, placing him in the same courtyard setting where he is questioned.
- Mark 14:54 (structural): Immediate narrative context within Mark: earlier verse notes Peter following Jesus at a distance into the high priest's courtyard, setting the scene for the girl's approach.
- Mark 14:30 (thematic): Thematic connection: Jesus' prediction that Peter will deny him foreshadows this encounter with the servant girl and the ensuing denials.
Alternative generated candidates
- Now while Peter was below in the courtyard, one of the servant-girls of the high priest came; and seeing Peter warming himself, she looked at him and said, 'You also were with Jesus the Nazarene.'
- Now Peter was sitting outside in the courtyard. A servant girl of the high priest came to him and said, 'You too were with Jesus the Galilean.'
Mark.14.67 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- ιδουσα: PTCP,aor,act,f,sg,nom
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Πετρον: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- θερμαινομενον: PTCP,pres,mp,m,sg,acc
- εμβλεψασα: PTCP,aor,act,f,sg,nom
- αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
- λεγει·Και: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- συ: PRON,nom,sg,2
- μετα: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- Ναζαρηνου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- ησθα: VERB,impf,act,ind,2,sg
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- Ιησου·: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Matthew 26:69 (verbal): Synoptic parallel — a servant girl identifies Peter as being with Jesus (the Galilean/Nazarene) with wording and setting closely matching Mark’s account.
- Luke 22:56 (verbal): Synoptic parallel — a maid by the fire recognizes Peter and says he was with Jesus; Luke preserves the same recognition-denial sequence and similar imagery.
- John 18:17 (thematic): Johannine parallel — a servant maid at the door questions Peter about being one of Jesus’ followers; different details but the same episode of Peter’s exposure and subsequent denial.
- Mark 14:68 (structural): Immediate structural parallel in the Markan denial sequence — the next element records Peter’s verbal denial in response to the servant’s charge, completing the pericope.
Alternative generated candidates
- But he denied it, saying, 'I do not know, neither do I understand what you mean.'
- But he denied it before them all, saying, 'I do not know what you mean.'
Mark.14.68 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- ηρνησατο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- λεγων·Ουτε: PART,pres,act,nom,sg,m
- οιδα: VERB,perf,act,ind,1,sg
- ουτε: CONJ
- επισταμαι: VERB,pres,mid,ind,1,sg
- συ: PRON,nom,sg,2
- τι: PRON,int,nom,sg,n
- λεγεις: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
- και: CONJ
- εξηλθεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- εξω: ADV
- εις: PREP
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- προαυλιον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- και: CONJ
- αλεκτωρ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- εφωνησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- Matthew 26:69-75 (verbal): Parallel account of Peter's threefold denial and the rooster crowing; similar sequence of accusations, Peter's denials, and eventual remorse.
- Luke 22:56-62 (verbal): Luke's version includes the rooster crowing and Peter's bitter weeping after Jesus looks at him—parallels the denial episode and its emotional outcome.
- John 18:17-27 (verbal): John gives a detailed account of Peter's denials before the servant girl and bystanders, including the timing of the rooster and denial motif.
- Mark 14:30 (structural): Earlier in Mark's narrative Jesus predicts Peter will deny him 'before the rooster crows twice,' which this verse fulfills—structural foreshadowing/fulfillment within Mark.
- Matthew 26:34 (structural): Matthew's parallel prediction that Peter will deny Jesus 'before the rooster crows' anticipates the same denial event recorded in Mark 14:68, showing inter-Gospel thematic correspondence.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he went out onto the porch; and another saw him and said to those who were there, 'This man was with Jesus the Nazarene.'
- And when he had gone out into the gateway, the rooster crowed.
Mark.14.69 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- παιδισκη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- ιδουσα: VERB,aor,act,ptc,nom,sg,f
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- ηρξατο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- παλιν: ADV
- λεγειν: VERB,pres,act,inf
- τοις: ART,dat,pl,n
- παρεστωσιν: VERB,pres,act,ptc,dat,pl,m
- οτι: CONJ
- Ουτος: DEM,nom,sg,m
- εξ: PREP
- αυτων: PRON,gen,pl,m
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- Matthew 26:69-71 (verbal): Synoptic parallel: a servant girl identifies Peter to bystanders, with wording and sequence closely matching Mark's account of the first denial.
- Luke 22:56-57 (verbal): Parallel account in Luke: a servant girl recognizes Peter and tells those nearby, initiating Peter's denial—same episode with similar detail (girl’s accusation).
- John 18:25-27 (thematic): John records Peter’s denials in the courtyard before bystanders; while details differ (different speakers, setting), it parallels the same sequence of three denials and the crowing of the rooster.
- Mark 14:70 (verbal): Immediate parallel within Mark: the second witness/accuser repeats and expands the identification (‘You are one of them; for you are a Galilean’), continuing the sequence of denials that begins in 14:69.
Alternative generated candidates
- Again he denied it. After a little while those standing by said to Peter, 'Surely you are one of them; for you are a Galilean.'
- And the servant girl, seeing him, began again to say to those standing by, 'This man is one of them.'
Mark.14.70 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- παλιν: ADV
- ηρνειτο: VERB,impf,mid,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- μετα: PREP
- μικρον: ADV
- παλιν: ADV
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- παρεστωτες: PART,pres,act,nom,pl,m
- ελεγον: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,pl
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- Πετρω·Αληθως: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- εξ: PREP
- αυτων: PRON,gen,pl,m
- ει: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
- και: CONJ
- γαρ: PART
- Γαλιλαιος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ει: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
- και: CONJ
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- λαλια: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- σου: PRON,gen,sg,2
- ομοιαζει·: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- Matthew 26:73–74 (verbal): Bystanders identify Peter as a Galilean and say his speech betrays him; Matthew uses nearly the same language and places the accusation in the same point of Peter’s second denial.
- Luke 22:59–60 (verbal): Luke likewise records a later bystander’s confident assertion that Peter was with Jesus because he is a Galilean, paralleling the identification by region/accent and the timing of the second denial.
- John 18:25–27 (structural): John recounts the multiple denials and includes bystanders’ accusations and the remark that one’s speech betrays them; though John omits the explicit ‘Galilean’ label here, the sequence and recognition motif correspond closely.
- Mark 14:71 (structural): The immediately following verse continues the same scene (Peter’s escalating denials), showing the structural sequence: accusation by bystanders, renewed denial, and then cursing and swearing in response to further charges.
Alternative generated candidates
- But he began to curse and to swear, 'I do not know this man of whom you speak.'
- But he denied it again. And after a little while those standing by said once more to Peter, 'Certainly you are one of them; for you are a Galilean, and your speech shows it.'
Mark.14.71 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- ηρξατο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- αναθεματιζειν: VERB,pres,act,inf
- και: CONJ
- ομνυναι: VERB,pres,act,inf
- οτι: CONJ
- Ουκ: PART,neg
- οιδα: VERB,perf,act,ind,1,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- ανθρωπον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- τουτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- ον: PART,pres,act,nom,sg,m
- λεγετε: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,pl
Parallels
- Matthew 26:74 (verbal): Nearly identical wording — Peter "began to curse and swear" and declared, "I do not know the man," a direct verbal parallel to Mark's third denial.
- Luke 22:60-61 (thematic): Luke records the third denial language and adds Jesus' look (v.61), paralleling Mark's sequence (denial followed by Jesus' look and the rooster crowing).
- John 18:25-27 (thematic): John offers another account of Peter's three denials (including the emphatic denials and the rooster crowing) and links the denials to Peter's subsequent bitter weeping, thematically parallel to Mark's narrative.
- Mark 14:30 (structural): Jesus' earlier prediction that Peter will deny him three times establishes the structural frame for the fulfillment recorded in 14:66-72, of which v.71 is the climactic denial.
Alternative generated candidates
- Immediately the rooster crowed the second time.
- Then he began to curse and to swear, 'I do not know the man you mean.'
Mark.14.72 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- ευθυς: ADV
- εκ: PREP
- δευτερου: ADJ,gen,sg,m
- αλεκτωρ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- εφωνησεν·και: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- ανεμνησθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- Πετρος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- ρημα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- ως: ADV
- ειπεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- Ιησους: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- οτι: CONJ
- Πριν: ADV
- αλεκτορα: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- φωνησαι: VERB,aor,act,inf
- δις: ADV
- τρις: ADV
- με: PRON,acc,sg,1
- απαρνηση: VERB,fut,mid,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- επιβαλων: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,sg,m
- εκλαιεν: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- Mark 14:30 (structural): Jesus' prior prediction in the same Gospel that 'before the rooster crows twice you will deny me three times'—the immediate antecedent to the fulfilled prediction in 14:72.
- Matthew 26:34, 26:74-75 (verbal): Matthew records the same prediction and Peter's threefold denial followed by the rooster crowing and Peter's bitter weeping, closely matching Mark's account.
- Luke 22:34, 22:60-62 (verbal): Luke preserves Jesus' prediction about Peter's denial and narrates the denials and the rooster crowing, adding that Jesus turned and looked at Peter, after which Peter wept—parallel elements to Mark 14:72.
- John 13:38; 18:27 (verbal): John records Jesus' prediction to Peter ('Before the rooster crows you will deny me') and the subsequent third denial by Peter at the rooster's crowing, aligning with Mark's depiction of the event.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then Peter remembered the word that Jesus had said to him, 'Before the rooster crows twice you will deny me three times.' And he broke down and wept.
- Immediately the rooster crowed a second time. And Peter remembered the word that Jesus had said to him, 'Before the rooster crows twice you will deny me three times.' And he went out and wept bitterly.
Now as Peter was below in the courtyard, one of the servant-girls of the high priest came; and seeing Peter warming himself, she looked at him and said, 'You too were with Jesus the Nazarene.' But he denied it, saying, 'I neither know nor understand what you mean.' And he went out into the gateway; and the rooster crowed. And the servant-girl, seeing him, began again to say to those standing there, 'This man was with him.' But he denied it a second time. After a little while those standing near said to Peter, 'Surely you are one of them; for you are a Galilean, and your speech betrays you.'
Then he began to curse and to swear, 'I do not know this man of whom you speak.' And immediately the rooster crowed a second time. Then Peter remembered the word that Jesus had said to him, 'Before the rooster crows twice you will deny me three times.' And he began to weep. And he went out and wept bitterly.