Israel’s Warriors Join David at Hebron
1 Chronicles 12:23-40
1 C.12.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- לעת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ביום: PREP
- יבאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- על: PREP
- דויד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לעזרו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- עד: PREP
- למחנה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- גדול: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- כמחנה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 12:22 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same narrative: both verses describe men coming to David day by day to help him until his force became a great host.
- 1 Chronicles 11:1-3 (structural): Alternate account in Chronicles of the same turning-point: the leaders and tribes of Israel come to David at Hebron to make him king, emphasizing the massing of support for David.
- 2 Samuel 5:1-3 (structural): Parallel in Samuel describing the elders of Israel coming to David at Hebron to make him king—another retelling of the same event of nationwide support gathering around David.
- 1 Samuel 22:2 (thematic): Describes how 'every one that was in distress, and every one that was in debt, and every one that was discontented' gathered to David; thematically related as an account of people rallying to David and swelling his following.
Alternative generated candidates
- At that time, day by day they came to David to help him, until there was a great camp like the camp of God.
- At that time they came to David, day by day, to help him, until there was a great host, like the host of God.
1 C.12.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואלה: CONJ+DEM,pl,abs
- מספרי: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- ראשי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,1,sg
- החלוץ: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לצבא: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- באו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- על: PREP
- דויד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חברונה: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- להסב: PREP+INF,hiph
- מלכות: NOUN,f,sg,cstr
- שאול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- כפי: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 5:1-3 (verbal): All the tribes/elders come to David at Hebron to make him king—closely parallels the report that leaders came to David at Hebron to transfer Saul’s kingdom to him.
- 1 Chronicles 11:1-3 (structural): Chronicles’ earlier chapter recounts Israel’s leaders coming to David at Hebron and inviting him to reign—same narrative tradition and occasion echoed in 12:24.
- 2 Samuel 2:4 (structural): The men of Judah come to Hebron and anoint David king over Judah—an earlier stage of the Hebron enthronement narrative that parallels the movement to establish David’s rule.
- 1 Samuel 16:1,13 (allusion): Samuel’s anointing of David as chosen by the LORD prefigures and explains the statement ‘according to the word of the LORD’—Chronicles frames the Hebron accession as fulfillment of God’s word.
Alternative generated candidates
- And these are the numbers of the chiefs of the raiding bands who came to David at Hebron to transfer the kingdom of Saul to him, according to the LORD.
- These are the numbers of the chiefs of the raiding parties who came to David at Hebron to transfer the kingdom of Saul to him, according to the word of the LORD.
1 C.12.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- נשאי: NOUN,m,pl,const
- צנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ורמח: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ששת: NUM,m,pl,cons
- אלפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ושמונה: CONJ+NUM,card,sg,abs
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- חלוצי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- צבא: NOUN,m,sg,const
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 12:1-22 (structural): The opening section of the same chapter lists other contingents who joined David (by tribe and number), providing the broader roster context for the military enlistments to which v.25 belongs.
- 1 Chronicles 12:38-40 (structural): The later verses in this chapter describe all these fighting men coming to Hebron to make David king, showing the purpose and outcome of the tribal levies enumerated in v.25.
- 1 Chronicles 11:1-3 (thematic): An earlier account of the nation’s leaders and people coming to David at Hebron to anoint him king; thematically parallels the mobilization and support from Judah and other tribes recorded in 12:25.
- 2 Samuel 5:1-5 (thematic): The parallel Samuel account reports that all the tribes came to David at Hebron and that he began to reign there, providing the Deuteronomistic counterpart to Chronicles’ listing of the armed supporters (including Judah’s 6,800).
- 2 Samuel 23:8-39 (structural): A separate catalogue of David’s mighty warriors and their actions; parallels Chronicles’ practice of enumerating and commemorating the fighting men associated with David’s rise and reign.
Alternative generated candidates
- From the sons of Judah, shield-bearers and spearmen, six thousand eight hundred—the vanguard of the army.
- From the sons of Judah, shield- and spear-bearers: six thousand eight hundred, the vanguard of the army.
1 C.12.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מן: PREP
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- שמעון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- גבורי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- חיל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לצבא: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שבעת: NUM,card,construct
- אלפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ומאה: NUM,card,sg
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 12:25-40 (structural): Same chapter — contiguous list of tribal contingents who joined David at Hebron; verse 12:26 is one entry in this larger structural catalog of warriors and numbers.
- 1 Chronicles 11:10-47 (thematic): Earlier Chronicler’s catalogue of David’s 'mighty men' and their exploits; thematically parallels the presentation of qualified warriors and military support for David.
- 2 Samuel 23:8-39 (structural): Samuel’s parallel tradition listing David’s mighty men (the 'Thirty' and other champions); parallels the Chronicler’s interest in martial supporters of David, though with different names and emphases.
- Numbers 1:23 (thematic): An earlier tribal muster that gives the number for the tribe of Simeon — thematically related as another biblical instance of counting fighting men by tribe and assessing Simeon’s military capacity.
Alternative generated candidates
- From the sons of Simeon, mighty warriors for battle, seven thousand one hundred.
- From the sons of Simeon, mighty men of valor for the army: seven thousand one hundred.
1 C.12.27 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מן: PREP
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- הלוי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ארבעת: NUM,card,m,pl,construct
- אלפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ושש: CONJ+NUM,card,m,sg
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 23:6 (thematic): Gives the later, broader tally of Levites in David’s organization (all the Levites numbered 38,000), providing a contrast with the 4,600 who initially came to David in 1 Chr 12:27.
- Numbers 3:39 (verbal): An earlier census of the Levites in the wilderness (gives a Levite total), useful for comparing other biblical counts and the evolving role/size of the Levites over time.
- 2 Chronicles 11:13-17 (allusion): Describes Levites abandoning holdings to relocate and serve with the Davidic/Judahite center—parallels the motif of Levites joining and aligning with David’s house.
- 2 Samuel 5:1-3 (structural): Narrates the tribes/elders coming to David at Hebron to make him king; provides the broader narrative setting for the list in 1 Chronicles 12, where various groups (including Levites) join David.
Alternative generated candidates
- From the sons of Levi, four thousand six hundred.
- From the Levites: four thousand six hundred.
1 C.12.28 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהוידע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הנגיד: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לאהרן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועמו: PREP+3,m,sg
- שלשת: NUM,m,pl,abs
- אלפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ושבע: NUM,m,sg,abs
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 23:8-39 (thematic): A catalogue of David’s mighty men; thematically parallels Chronicles’ lists of warrior-leaders who served or joined David (both enumerate leaders and fighting men).
- 1 Chronicles 11:10-47 (structural): Another Chronicler’s list of David’s warriors and leaders; structurally similar—both chapters present names, roles and numbers associated with David’s military following.
- 1 Samuel 22:2 (thematic): Describes men who ‘were distressed, in debt, and discontented’ gathering to David and the headcount (‘about four hundred’); parallels the motif of men rallying to David with a stated number.
- 2 Samuel 2:4-7 (thematic): Reports the men of Judah coming to Hebron to make David king; parallels the context of people and fighting men joining David at Hebron as in 1 Chronicles 12.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Yehoiada, the leader over the house of Aaron, and with him three thousand seven hundred.
- And Yehoiada, a leader of the house of Aaron, and with him three thousand seven hundred.
1 C.12.29 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וצדוק: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- גבור: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- חיל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ובית: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,cs
- אביו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
- שרים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- עשרים: NUM,card,pl
- ושנים: CONJ+NUM,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 5:1-5 (thematic): All the tribes of Israel come to David at Hebron to make him king — parallels the account in 1 Chronicles 12 of leaders and warriors gathering around David.
- 1 Chronicles 11:6-47 (structural): A contiguous list of David’s mighty men and their leaders; like 1 Chr 12:29 this passage records named warriors and their numbers/roles supporting David.
- 2 Samuel 23:8-39 (structural): A catalogue of David’s mighty men (the ‘three’ and the thirty) that corresponds in purpose and many overlapping names to the lists of warriors in 1 Chronicles.
- 1 Chronicles 12:27-38 (structural): The surrounding verses in the same chapter form the larger roster of Benjamite leaders and warriors from which v.29 is drawn, showing the same pattern of naming leaders and giving headcounts.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Zadok, a young man, mighty in valor; and with him twenty-two chiefs of his father’s house.
- And Zadok, a young man, mighty of valor; and from his father's house, twenty-two chiefs.
1 C.12.30 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ומן: CONJ+PREP
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- בנימן: NOUN,m,sg,proper
- אחי: NOUN,m,pl,suff
- שאול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלשת: NUM,m,pl,abs
- אלפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ועד: CONJ+PREP
- הנה: PART
- מרביתם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3,m,pl
- שמרים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- משמרת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שאול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 2:8-11 (thematic): Reports the Benjaminites' loyalty to the house of Saul (Ish‑bosheth), paralleling 1 Chron 12:30’s note that many from Benjamin were of Saul’s household/party.
- Judges 20:16 (thematic): Describes the Benjamites as fierce, highly skilled warriors (e.g., seven hundred left‑handed slingers), reflecting the tribal martial character invoked in 1 Chron 12:30.
- 1 Samuel 10:21-22 (verbal): Identifies Saul as a Benjamite and refers to his kinsmen among the tribe of Benjamin, echoing 1 Chron 12:30’s designation of 'Saul’s brethren' (אחי שאול).
- 1 Chronicles 11:10-47 (structural): Lists David’s 'mighty men' and captains; structurally parallels 1 Chron 12’s catalogue of warriors who joined David (including the Benjaminites in v.30).
Alternative generated candidates
- From the sons of Benjamin, brothers of Saul, three thousand; and to this day most of them were keepers of the watch of the house of Saul.
- From the sons of Benjamin, relatives of Saul: three thousand; and at that time most of them were keepers of Saul's palace guard.
1 C.12.31 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ומן: CONJ+PREP
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- אפרים: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עשרים: NUM,card,pl
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
- ושמונה: CONJ+NUM,card
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- גבורי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- חיל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אנשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- שמות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cns
- אבותם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 12:1 (structural): Introduces the broader roster of men who came to David at Hebron—this verse is part of that same cataloging framework and provides the immediate narrative context for the Ephraimite contingent.
- 1 Chronicles 11:1–3 (thematic): An earlier account of the elders and tribes of Israel coming to David at Hebron to anoint him king; parallels the theme of nationwide support and political consolidation reflected in the military lists.
- 2 Samuel 5:1–3 (thematic): Reports the tribes of Israel coming to David and acknowledging him as king—parallels the political outcome toward which the lists of armed supporters (including Ephraim’s warriors) are directed.
- 1 Chronicles 11:10–47 (verbal): Contains the catalogue of David’s mighty men (gibborim) and detailed lists of elite warriors; parallels 12:31 in terminology and the motif of enumerating celebrated fighting men.
- 1 Chronicles 12:40 (structural): Concluding summary of the chapter: all who came were of one heart to make David king—explicitly ties together the tribal contingents (including Ephraim’s 20,800) and their role in securing David’s rule.
Alternative generated candidates
- From the sons of Ephraim, twenty thousand eight hundred, mighty warriors—men of renown, by their ancestral clans.
- From the sons of Ephraim: twenty thousand eight hundred, mighty men of valor, men of renown, by their ancestral houses.
1 C.12.32 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ומחצי: NOUN,m,sg,construct
- מטה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מנשה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שמונה: NUM,card,m,pl
- עשר: NUM,card,m,sg,cons
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
- אשר: PRON,rel
- נקבו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- בשמות: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לבוא: VERB,qal,inf
- להמליך: VERB,hiph,inf
- את: PRT,acc
- דויד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 5:1-3 (structural): All the tribes and elders of Israel come to Hebron and make David king; parallels the report that tribal contingents (here Manasseh's 18,000) came to anoint David.
- 2 Samuel 2:4 (thematic): The men of Judah anoint David king at Hebron — an earlier, narrower account of the same process of tribal groups installing David as king.
- 1 Chronicles 11:1-3 (thematic): Chronicles' summary account that all Israel assembled at Hebron and made David king, thematically matching the lists of tribes and warriors who joined David.
- 1 Chronicles 12:19-20 (verbal): Immediate parallel within the same chapter listing the half-tribe of Manasseh (18,000), naming leaders and stating they came to Hebron to make David king — essentially the same material in adjacent versification.
Alternative generated candidates
- From the half-tribe of Manasseh, eighteen thousand who were named—called by name to come and make David king.
- From the half-tribe of Manasseh: eighteen thousand, who were named by name to come to make David king.
1 C.12.33 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ומבני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- יששכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יודעי: PART,qal,ptc,m,pl,const
- בינה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לעתים: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- לדעת: VERB,qal,inf,-,-,-
- מה: PRON,int
- יעשה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ראשיהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
- מאתים: NUM,m,pl,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- אחיהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs,suff,3,m,pl
- על: PREP
- פיהם: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Judges 5:15-16 (thematic): The Song of Deborah records the princes of Issachar joining Deborah and Barak—highlighting Issachar's leaders' discernment and readiness to act, echoing 'men who had understanding of the times.'
- Genesis 49:14-15 (allusion): Jacob's blessing describes Issachar as a strong, serviceable tribe; this background explains why Issachar supplied reliable chiefs able to assess Israel's needs.
- Daniel 2:21 (thematic): Daniel speaks of God changing times and seasons and revealing deep things—thematically related to 'knowing the times' and discerning what Israel should do.
- Ecclesiastes 3:1 (verbal): 'To everything there is a season' parallels the idea of recognizing the right times and seasons—the epistemic stance attributed to Issachar in 1 Chron 12:33.
- Proverbs 24:6 (thematic): Proverbs links wise counsel and many advisers to success in conflict; this parallels Issachar's role as leaders who knew when and how Israel should act.
Alternative generated candidates
- From the sons of Issachar, men who understood the times, to know what Israel should do; their chiefs were two hundred, and all their brethren were at their command.
- From the sons of Issachar, men who had insight into the times, to know what Israel should do—two hundred chiefs, and all their kinsmen at their command.
1 C.12.34 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מזבלון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יוצאי: PTCP,qal,ptc,m,pl,cons
- צבא: NOUN,m,sg,const
- ערכי: VERB,qal,ptc,m,pl
- מלחמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כלי: NOUN,m,pl,const
- מלחמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- חמשים: NUM,card,pl
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
- ולעדר: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בלא: PREP
- לב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולב: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,const
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 11:1-3 (structural): Parallel within Chronicles: another account of the men who gathered around David at Hebron to make him king — overlapping narrative and purpose with the lists in ch.12.
- 2 Samuel 5:1-3 (structural): Samuel's parallel account: the tribes come to David at Hebron to confirm him as king; ch.12’s catalog of supporters corresponds to the same event in Samuel.
- 2 Samuel 23:8-39 (thematic): The famous list of David’s 'mighty men' (gibborim). While ch.12 lists tribal contingents who joined David, 2 Sam 23 collects individual valiant warriors — both emphasize military support and valor associated with David’s rise.
- Judges 5:18 (allusion): The Song of Deborah praises Zebulun and Naphtali for risking their lives in battle. The association of these tribes with bravery in warfare echoes the description of Zebulun/Naphtali’s fighting men in ch.12.
Alternative generated candidates
- From Zebulun, those who went out as an army, trained for war, with every kind of weapon of war—fifty thousand, men who kept their ranks and were steadfast.
- From Zebulun, those who went out to meet them, equipped for war with all kinds of weapons: fifty thousand, seasoned for battle.
1 C.12.35 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ומנפתלי: CONJ+PREP,NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שרים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
- ועמהם: CONJ+PREP,PRON,3,m,pl
- בצנה: PREP,NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וחנית: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שלשים: NUM,m,pl,abs
- ושבעה: NUM,m,pl,abs
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
Parallels
- Judges 4:6-10 (thematic): Both passages portray Naphtali (with Zebulun) as supplying chosen troops for battle; Judges narrates Barak's muster of Naphtali/Zebulun men, paralleling Chronicles' note of Naphtali warriors armed with bow and spear.
- Judges 5:18 (thematic): Deborah's song praises Naphtali's valor on the heights, thematically echoing Chronicles' depiction of Naphtali as a significant military contingent.
- 1 Chronicles 12:34 (structural): Immediate parallel within the same chapter: the verse listing Zebulun's contingent uses the same formula (chiefs of thousands, numbers, weapons), showing the chapter's standardized reporting of tribal forces.
- 1 Chronicles 12:36 (structural): Another adjacent tribal entry (Manasseh) employing identical wording about leaders, numbers, and weaponry—paralleling the method of enumerating Naphtali's armed men.
- 2 Samuel 5:3 (thematic): Both passages occur in the broader context of men assembling at Hebron to make David king; 2 Samuel summarizes the assembly while Chronicles gives the detailed tribal lists (including Naphtali's warriors).
Alternative generated candidates
- From Naphtali, a thousand commanders; and with them, thirty-seven thousand with shield and spear.
- From Naphtali, captains of thousands—one thousand—and with them, with shield and spear, thirty-seven thousand.
1 C.12.36 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ומן: CONJ+PREP
- הדני: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ערכי: VERB,qal,ptc,m,pl
- מלחמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עשרים: NUM,card,pl
- ושמונה: NUM,card,f,sg
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
- ושש: CONJ+NUM,card,m,sg
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 11:1-3 (structural): Both passages describe the nationwide support that gathered around David at Hebron and the transfer of allegiance to him as king; 1 Chr 11 gives the broader narrative that parallels the lists in ch.12.
- 2 Samuel 5:1-3 (structural): A parallel account of the tribes of Israel coming to David at Hebron to make him king—provides the Samuel narrative counterpart to Chronicles' list of supporters (including tribal contingents).
- 2 Samuel 23:8-39 (thematic): A related ancient list of David's warriors (the mighty men); both texts catalogue fighters who formed David's core military support, even though the names and emphases differ.
- Judges 18:1-31 (allusion): Gives background on the tribe of Dan (movements and martial activity); useful context for understanding a Danite contingent noted among David's supporters.
- 1 Chronicles 12:1-40 (verbal): Immediate internal parallel: verse 36 is part of this chapter-long roster of men from the tribes who joined David; other verses list comparable numbers and tribal contingents.
Alternative generated candidates
- From the Danites, trained for battle, twenty-eight thousand six hundred.
- From Dan, equipped for war: twenty-eight thousand six hundred.
1 C.12.37 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ומאשר: CONJ+PREP+PRON,rel
- יוצאי: VERB,qal,ptc,_,m,pl,cstr
- צבא: NOUN,m,sg,const
- לערך: PREP+INF,qal
- מלחמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ארבעים: NUM,m,pl
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 5:1-3 (thematic): Describes the leaders and tribes assembling to make David king at Hebron—parallels the context in which armed men (the 40,000) rallied to David.
- 1 Chronicles 11:10-47 (structural): A parallel chronicle section listing David’s mighty men and those who joined him; structurally parallels 1 Chr 12’s enumeration of warriors who supported David.
- 2 Samuel 23:8-39 (verbal): Catalogue of David’s mighty warriors (many of the same figures and roles); verbally and thematically parallels Chronicles’ account of David’s armed supporters.
- 1 Chronicles 12:38 (structural): Immediate continuation in the same chapter describing additional armed men (the 30,000) who entered with David—directly complements verse 37’s figure of 40,000.
Alternative generated candidates
- From Asher, those who went out to muster for war, forty thousand.
- From Asher, those who went out to war: forty thousand.
1 C.12.38 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ומעבר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לירדן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מן: PREP
- הראובני: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והגדי: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- וחצי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שבט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מנשה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כלי: NOUN,m,pl,const
- צבא: NOUN,m,sg,const
- מלחמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מאה: NUM,f,sg,abs
- ועשרים: NUM,m,pl,abs
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
Parallels
- Joshua 22:1-4 (verbal): Names the same groups—Reuben, Gad and the half-tribe of Manasseh—assembled after crossing the Jordan to assist Israel; closely parallels the identification and military role of these trans-Jordanian tribes.
- Numbers 32:20-23 (thematic): Records the pledge of Reuben, Gad and half Manasseh to go armed before their brethren across the Jordan; provides the background for these tribes' standing as warriors east of the Jordan.
- 2 Samuel 5:1-3 (structural): All Israel (including the tribal contingents) comes to David at Hebron to make him king—parallel theme of tribal support and military allegiance that culminates in David's acceptance of rule.
- 1 Chronicles 11:1-3 (structural): Within Chronicles, this passage also depicts the assembly of Israel around David at Hebron; parallels 1 Chr 12 in portraying tribes rallying to David and providing armed support.
Alternative generated candidates
- From beyond the Jordan, from the Reubenites, Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh, with all kinds of weapons of war, one hundred and twenty thousand.
- From beyond the Jordan, of the Reubenites, the Gadites, and half the tribe of Manasseh—all equipped with every kind of weapon of war—one hundred and twenty thousand.
1 C.12.39 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כל: DET
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- אנשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- מלחמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עדרי: NOUN,m,pl,cns
- מערכה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בלבב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלם: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- באו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- חברונה: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- להמליך: VERB,hiph,inf
- את: PRT,acc
- דויד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- כל: DET
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וגם: CONJ
- כל: DET
- שרית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
- להמליך: VERB,hiph,inf
- את: PRT,acc
- דויד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 5:1-3 (quotation): Direct parallel account: the tribes come to Hebron and anoint/make David king over all Israel (language and occasion correspond closely).
- 2 Samuel 2:4 (structural): Earlier stage in the narrative: the men of Judah anoint David king over the house of Judah at Hebron, showing the move from Judah‑only kingship to national kingship in 2 Samuel/Chronicles.
- 1 Chronicles 11:3 (structural): Another chronicler passage describing the leaders/elders assembling at Hebron to make David king, reflecting the same assembly and covenantal context within Chronicles.
- Psalm 133:1 (thematic): Theme of communal unity — 'how good and pleasant when brothers dwell together in unity' parallels the statement that all Israel were 'of one heart' to make David king.
- Acts 1:14 (verbal): New Testament echo of communal unanimity ('all these were with one accord'), using similar language to express collective unity and purpose like 'with one heart' in 1 Chronicles 12:39.
Alternative generated candidates
- All these were men of war, equipped for battle; with a whole heart they came to Hebron to make David king over all Israel. And all the leaders of Israel were of one heart to make David king.
- All these were warriors, fit for battle; with wholehearted purpose they came to Hebron to make David king over all Israel, and all the rest of Israel were of one mind to make David king.
1 C.12.40 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהיו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- שם: ADV
- עם: PREP
- דויד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- שלושה: NUM,m,pl,abs
- אכלים: VERB,ptc,qal,act,_,m,pl
- ושותים: VERB,qal,ptcp,_,m,pl
- כי: CONJ
- הכינו: VERB,hiph,imp,2,m,pl
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- אחיהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs,suff,3,m,pl
Parallels
- 1 Samuel 22:1-2 (thematic): Like 1 Chr 12’s account of men assembling to David, 1 Sam 22 describes men of distress, debt, and discontent joining David—both passages highlight followers rallying to him.
- 1 Chronicles 11:1-3 (structural): Closely related chronicler material: these verses record Israel’s coming to David at Hebron and their anointing of him—parallel social/communal support that 1 Chr 12:40 summarizes.
- 2 Samuel 5:1-5 (thematic): Describes the tribes gathering to David and making him king over Israel—echoes the broader outcome of the support and unity hinted at in 1 Chr 12 (men joining and provisioning David).
- 1 Samuel 30:11-13 (verbal): Uses the ‘three days’ and food/drink motif: an exhausted man reports three days without eating or drinking and is then given food—parallels 1 Chr 12:40’s specific note that David’s men stayed three days eating and drinking, supplied by their brethren.
Alternative generated candidates
- They were there with David three days, eating and drinking, for their brethren had prepared food for them.
- And they were there with David three days, eating and drinking, for their brethren had prepared for them.
For at the turn of the day, day by day they came to David to help him, until there was a great camp, like the camp of the LORD. And these are the numbers of the chiefs of the raiding bands who came to David at Hebron to turn Saul's kingdom to him, according to the word of the LORD.
From the sons of Judah, shield‑bearers and spearmen, six thousand eight hundred—vanguard men of the army.
From Simeon, mighty men of valor for the army, seven thousand one hundred.
From Levi, four thousand six hundred. And Yehoyada, leader over Aaron, with him three thousand seven hundred. And Zadok, a young man, mighty in valor, and of his father's household there were twenty‑two chiefs.
From Benjamin, Saul's kinsmen, three thousand; and to this day most of them were keepers of the guard of Saul's household.
From Ephraim, twenty thousand eight hundred—mighty men of valor, men of renown among their ancestral houses.
From the half‑tribe of Manasseh, eighteen thousand, who were named by name to come and make David king.
From Issachar, men with understanding of the times, to know what Israel ought to do—their chiefs were two hundred, and all their kinsmen at their command.
From Zebulun, those who went out to war, able to set the battle in array, with all kinds of weapons—fifty thousand who could keep rank; and of their captains there were not a few.
From Naphtali, a thousand commanders; and with them, armed with bow and spear, thirty‑seven thousand.
From Dan, men skilled for battle, twenty‑eight thousand six hundred.
From Asher, those who went out to war, forty thousand. And from beyond the Jordan, from Reuben, Gad, and the half‑tribe of Manasseh, armed with all kinds of weapons of war, one hundred and twenty thousand.
All these warriors, battle‑trained and with a whole heart, came to Hebron to make David king over all Israel; and all the leaders of Israel were of one heart to make David king. And they were there with David three days, eating and drinking, for their brethren had prepared for them.