Acceptable Offerings; Appointed Feasts Intro
Leviticus 22:17-23:2
Lev.22.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Lev.1.1 (verbal): Same introductory formula—'And the LORD called unto Moses, and spoke unto him'—used to introduce divine instructions in Leviticus.
- Lev.4.1 (verbal): Another immediate Levitical instance of 'And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,' introducing a specific legal/ritual command (the sin‑offering).
- Num.1.1 (structural): Similar structural use: 'And the LORD spake unto Moses in the wilderness of Sinai,' marking a new section of commands and census/administrative instructions.
- Exod.6.2 (verbal): God 'spake unto Moses, and said unto him'—a common direct‑address formula by which God reveals instruction or revelation (here the divine name and promise to Israel).
Alternative generated candidates
- And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying:
- And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying:
Lev.22.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- בניו: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- כל: DET
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואמרת: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- אלהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ומן: CONJ+PREP
- הגר: NOUN,f,sg,def,prop
- בישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יקריב: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,sg
- קרבנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3ms
- לכל: PREP
- נדריהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3,pl
- ולכל: CONJ+PREP+DET
- נדבותם: NOUN,f,pl,abs+3,pl
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יקריבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,pl
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- לעלה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Leviticus 1:2 (verbal): Similar opening formula addressing the community about offerings: “Speak to the Israelites and say… when any man of you brings an offering,” echoing the instruction to those who bring sacrifices.
- Leviticus 22:17 (structural): Immediate pericope parallel dealing with who may bring offerings and the conditions for acceptable sacrifices; part of the same priestly regulations focusing on donors and defects.
- Numbers 15:14-16 (thematic): Declares a single statute for native Israelites and resident aliens regarding communal obligations—parallels Lev 22:18’s inclusion of the ger (sojourner/stranger) in cultic offerings.
- Exodus 12:49 (thematic): “One law shall be for the native and for the stranger who sojourns among you,” a general legal principle that underlies Lev 22:18’s equal treatment of Israelites and resident aliens in sacrificial practice.
Alternative generated candidates
- Speak to Aaron and to his sons and to all the sons of Israel, and say to them: Any man, any man from the house of Israel or from the sojourner in Israel who presents his offering—for any of their vows and for any of their freewill offerings that they present to the LORD as a burnt offering—
- Speak to Aaron and to his sons and to all the sons of Israel, and say to them: Any man—whether of the house of Israel or of the sojourner in Israel—who presents his offering, for any of their vows and for all their freewill offerings that they present to the LORD as a burnt offering,
Lev.22.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לרצנכם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,prsfx:2,m,pl
- תמים: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- זכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בבקר: PREP
- בכשבים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ובעזים: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- Leviticus 1:3 (verbal): Uses the same stipulation for sacrificial animals—'a male without blemish'—as a requirement for acceptable offerings.
- Leviticus 22:21 (structural): Immediate parallel in the same chapter restating the rule for offerings from the flock (sheep/goats): a perfect/male without blemish.
- Exodus 12:5 (verbal): The Passover lamb must be 'without blemish'; parallels the unblemished-animal requirement for ritual acceptability.
- 1 Peter 1:19 (allusion): New Testament application of the language of an 'unblemished' sacrificial animal to Christ—'a lamb without blemish and without spot.'
Alternative generated candidates
- for your acceptance it shall be a male without blemish, from the cattle, from the sheep, or from the goats.
- for your acceptance it shall be a male without blemish, from the cattle, from the sheep, or from the goats.
Lev.22.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כל: DET
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- מום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- תקריבו: VERB,qal,imprf,2,m,pl
- כי: CONJ
- לא: PART_NEG
- לרצון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Leviticus 1:3 (verbal): Requires that burnt offerings be a male 'without blemish'—the same cultic insistence that animals with defects not be offered.
- Leviticus 21:17-23 (structural): Regulations disqualifying priests with physical defects from ministering; parallels the broader rule that blemish renders a cultic person or thing unacceptable.
- Malachi 1:8 (thematic): The prophet condemns offering blind or lame animals and asks rhetorically whether a governor would accept such—echoes Leviticus' prohibition and divine displeasure at defective offerings.
- Isaiah 1:11-15 (thematic): God rejects ritual sacrifices offered without true holiness ('Bring no more vain offerings'); thematically related as a divine refusal of unacceptable worship, including improper offerings.
Alternative generated candidates
- Whatever has a blemish you shall not present, for it will not be accepted for you.
- Whatever has a blemish you shall not present, for it will not be accepted for you.
Lev.22.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואיש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- יקריב: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,sg
- זבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלמים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- לפלא: PREP
- נדר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- או: CONJ
- לנדבה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בבקר: PREP
- או: CONJ
- בצאן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תמים: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לרצון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כל: DET
- מום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 1:3 (verbal): Burnt offerings must be a male without blemish — the same language of an unblemished/whole animal required for acceptable sacrifice.
- Leviticus 3:1 (verbal): Peace/thank offerings are to be without blemish, paralleling the requirement that sacrificial animals be unimpaired.
- Exodus 12:5 (verbal): The Passover lamb must be without blemish — a similar stipulation applying the standard of perfection to sacrificial animals.
- Deuteronomy 17:1 (thematic): Explicit prohibition against sacrificing an ox or sheep with any defect echoes the legal principle here that offerings to Yahweh must be faultless.
- Malachi 1:8–14 (thematic): Prophetic denunciation of offering blind, lame or otherwise inferior animals underscores the ethical and cultic expectation that sacrifices be unblemished and acceptable to God.
Alternative generated candidates
- And when a man presents a sacrifice of well-being to the LORD, to fulfill a vow or as a freewill offering, from the herd or from the flock, it must be without blemish, to be accepted; no blemish shall be in it.
- And when a man presents a sacrifice of peace offerings to the LORD, to fulfill a vow or as a freewill offering, from the herd or from the flock, it shall be without blemish to be accepted; no blemish shall be in it.
Lev.22.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- עורת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- או: CONJ
- שבור: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- או: CONJ
- חרוץ: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- או: CONJ
- יבלת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- או: CONJ
- גרב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- או: CONJ
- ילפת: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- תקריבו: VERB,qal,imprf,2,m,pl
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואשה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- תתנו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- מהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- על: PREP
- המזבח: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Leviticus 1:3 (verbal): Burnt offerings must be 'a male without blemish'—same requirement that animals with wounds or defects not be offered.
- Leviticus 22:20-25 (structural): Immediate context that expands and repeats the prohibition against offering animals with sores, breaks, or blemishes on the altar.
- Deuteronomy 17:1 (verbal): Explicit prohibition: do not sacrifice to the LORD an ox or sheep that has any defect—directly echoes the ban on blemished offerings.
- Exodus 12:5 (verbal): The Passover lamb must be 'without blemish'—same language and cultic principle that sacrificial animals must be unblemished.
- Malachi 1:8-14 (thematic): Prophetic denunciation of offering blind, lame, or diseased animals to God as an insult—criticizes the same practice prohibited in Leviticus as unacceptable worship.
Alternative generated candidates
- Blind, or broken, or maimed, or with a wart, or scab, or ringworm—you shall not present these to the LORD; and as an offering by fire you shall not put any of them on the altar for the LORD.
- Blind, or broken, or maimed, or warty, or scabbed, or ringworm—you shall not present these to the LORD; and as an offering by fire you shall not put any of them on the altar to the LORD.
Lev.22.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ושור: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שרוע: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- וקלוט: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- נדבה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- תעשה: VERB,qal,imf,2,m,sg
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- ולנדר: PREP
- לא: PART_NEG
- ירצה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Lev. 22:18-25 (structural): Immediate context: this section lays out rules about acceptable animals for sacred use, blemishes, and the invalidation of vows — directly framing v.23's prohibition regarding animals found dead or defective.
- Lev. 1:3-10 (verbal): Burnt‑offering regulations require animals 'without blemish' and specify which animals are acceptable for sacrifice, echoing the language and concern for defect‑free sacrificial animals.
- Lev. 17:15 (verbal): Contains the rule forbidding consumption of animals that die of themselves and prescribes how such carcasses are to be treated — parallel legal treatment of animals found dead or torn.
- Deut. 14:21 (thematic): Prohibits eating animals that die of themselves and provides options for disposition (give to the alien or sell), reflecting the wider Israelite concern about scavenged or torn animals and dietary/ritual integrity.
- Mal. 1:8-14 (thematic): God condemns offerings of lame or sick animals and the insult of giving defective sacrifices — a prophetic critique that echoes Leviticus' insistence that offerings must be sound and acceptable.
Alternative generated candidates
- But an ox or a sheep with a limb too long or too short—you may make it as a freewill offering; but for a vow it will not be accepted.
- An ox or a sheep with a limb too long or too short—as a freewill offering you may offer it; but for a vow it will not be accepted.
Lev.22.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ומעוך: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg
- וכתות: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg
- ונתוק: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg
- וכרות: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg
- לא: PART_NEG
- תקריבו: VERB,qal,imprf,2,m,pl
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- ובארצכם: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,const,2,pl
- לא: PART_NEG
- תעשו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
Parallels
- Lev.22.19 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same pericope listing physical defects (bruised, crushed, torn, cut) that disqualify animals from being offered to YHWH; essentially the same legal prohibition.
- Lev.1.3 (thematic): Earlier Levitical injunction that burn offerings from the herd must be 'without blemish' (tamim); shares the requirement that sacrificial animals be physically uninjured and suitable for the altar.
- Malachi 1:8 (thematic): Prophetic rebuke of priests and people who offer blind, lame or sick animals—echoes and criticizes the practice forbidden by Leviticus, applying the Levitical ideal to contemporary sacrificial abuses.
- Isaiah 1:11-15 (thematic): Prophetic denunciation of worthless or hypocritical sacrifices ('bring no more vain offerings'), thematically linked to the Levitical concern that offerings be proper and acceptable rather than defective or offered in bad faith.
Alternative generated candidates
- And you shall not present to the LORD any that is bruised, crushed, torn, or cut; and in your land you shall not do this.
- And what is bruised, or crushed, or torn, or cut you shall not present to the LORD; and in your land you shall not do this.
Lev.22.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ומיד: ADV
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- תקריבו: VERB,qal,imprf,2,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- לחם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלהיכם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,pl
- מכל: PREP
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- כי: CONJ
- משחתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- בהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- מום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- לא: PART_NEG
- ירצו: VERB,qal,impf,3,pl
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Leviticus 1:3 (verbal): Requires burnt offerings from the herd to be without blemish — same technical rule that defective animals are unacceptable for sacrifice.
- Leviticus 22:20 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same chapter restating that offerings with a blemish will not be accepted on behalf of the offerer.
- Malachi 1:8 (thematic): God condemns offering blind or lame animals and asks rhetorically whether such offerings are acceptable — echoes the rejection of blemished sacrifices.
- Isaiah 1:11-13 (thematic): God rejects the people's sacrifices when they are hypocritical and morally unclean; stresses that outward offerings are meaningless if not proper/acceptable.
- Psalm 50:9-13 (thematic): God declares he does not need bulls or goats from the offerer, criticizing empty ritual and implying that inappropriate/offensive offerings are not acceptable.
Alternative generated candidates
- And from the hand of a foreigner you shall not present the food of your God from any of these, for their corruption is in them; a blemish is in them; they will not be accepted for you.
- And from the hand of a foreigner you shall not present the food of your God from any of these, for their corruption is in them—there is a blemish in them; they will not be accepted for you.
Lev.22.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Lev.1:1 (verbal): Identical formulaic opening (וידבר יהוה אל־משה לאמר) introducing priestly/ritual legislation in Leviticus.
- Lev.4:1 (verbal): Same divine-to‑Moses formula used to introduce laws for sin-offerings; demonstrates recurring legislative framing.
- Num.8:1 (verbal): Uses the same phrase (וידבר ה' אל־משה לאמר) to introduce instructions about the Levites—parallel function of God speaking through Moses.
- Exod.6:2 (verbal): Earlier example of God speaking directly to Moses (אלהים דברהו אל־משה ויאמר); different wording but the same communicative role of divine instruction.
- Num.9:8 (structural): Another instance of the formula used to introduce clarification of cultic/communal practice, showing the recurring structural role of 'The LORD spoke to Moses' as a legal/ritual preface.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying:
- And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying:
Lev.22.27 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- שור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- או: CONJ
- כשב: CONJ
- או: CONJ
- עז: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- יולד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- שבעת: NUM,card,construct
- ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- תחת: PREP
- אמו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ומיום: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השמיני: ADJ,ord,m,sg,def
- והלאה: CONJ+ADV
- ירצה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לקרבן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Leviticus 1:3 (thematic): Both verses govern what animals may be offered to the LORD—Lev 1:3 requires a male without blemish for a burnt offering; Lev 22:27 specifies an age requirement (acceptable from the eighth day).
- Leviticus 12:3 (verbal): Uses the same timing formula 'on the eighth day' (נוֹלָד ויהיה שבעת ימים... וביום השמיני), linking ritual acceptability/timing for circumcision and for animals' eligibility for sacrifice.
- Genesis 17:12 (thematic): Establishes the covenantal practice of performing circumcision on the eighth day, providing the broader ritual significance of the 'eighth day' that Lev 22:27 applies to sacrificial animals.
- Luke 2:21 (quotation): The NT narrative records Jesus' circumcision 'on the eighth day,' reflecting the continued Jewish observance of the eighth-day requirement found in the Torah and paralleling Lev 22:27's timing rule.
Alternative generated candidates
- When an ox or a sheep or a goat is born, it shall remain seven days under its mother; and from the eighth day onward it will be accepted as an offering by fire to the LORD.
- When an ox or a sheep or a goat is born, it shall be seven days under its mother; and from the eighth day and onward it shall be acceptable as an offering by fire to the LORD.
Lev.22.28 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ושור: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- או: CONJ
- שה: PRON,rel
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- ואת: CONJ
- בנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- לא: PART_NEG
- תשחטו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- ביום: PREP
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 22:6-7 (verbal): Directly parallels the same legal principle forbidding taking or killing a mother and her young (here applied to a bird's nest).
- Deuteronomy 22:1-4 (thematic): Governs treatment of animals (returning lost animals, concern for their welfare), reflecting the broader ethic of care for creatures behind Lev. 22:28.
- Deuteronomy 25:4 (thematic): Prohibits muzzling an ox while it treads grain; another law protecting animals' needs and rights, sharing the same concern for humane treatment.
- 1 Corinthians 9:9 (quotation): Paul quotes Deut. 25:4 to argue for fair treatment of workers/animals—shows New Testament citation of OT animal-protection norms that underlie Lev. 22:28's ethic.
- Proverbs 12:10 (thematic): States that a righteous person cares for the life of his animals, echoing the moral concern for animal welfare implicit in the prohibition against slaughtering mother and young.
Alternative generated candidates
- And an ox or a sheep—you shall not slaughter it and its young on one day.
- And an ox or a sheep—you shall not slaughter it and its young on one day.
Lev.22.29 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וכי: CONJ
- תזבחו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- זבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תודה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- לרצנכם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,prsfx:2,m,pl
- תזבחו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Leviticus 7:12 (verbal): Explicitly treats the 'sacrifice of thanksgiving' (zebach todah) in priestly legislation and links it to voluntary offering and regulations for its consumption — closely parallels language and context.
- Deuteronomy 26:11 (thematic): When presenting firstfruits the worshiper 'shall eat there before the LORD your God, and you shall rejoice' — a communal act of thanksgiving and voluntary celebration related to the thanksgiving offering.
- Psalm 107:22 (verbal): Calls for offering 'sacrifices of thanksgiving' and declaring God's works, echoing the cultic practice and thanksgiving language of Lev 22:29.
- Psalm 50:14 (verbal): Imperative to 'offer to God thanksgiving' (and pay vows) — a concise liturgical parallel to the idea of presenting a voluntary thank-offering to Yahweh.
- Hebrews 13:15 (thematic): Calls believers to 'offer the sacrifice of praise' (the fruit of lips giving thanks) — a New Testament theological echo of the cultic thanksgiving-sacrifice as praise/thanksgiving to God.
Alternative generated candidates
- And when you sacrifice a sacrifice of thanksgiving to the LORD, for your acceptance you shall sacrifice it.
- And when you sacrifice a sacrifice of thanksgiving to the LORD, you shall sacrifice it for your acceptance.
Lev.22.30 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ביום: PREP
- ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
- יאכל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לא: PART_NEG
- תותירו: VERB,qal,imf,2,pl
- ממנו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- עד: PREP
- בקר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Exodus 12:10 (verbal): Passover instruction: the lamb must be eaten the same night and none left until morning — language and command closely parallel to Lev 22:30's prohibition against leaving holy meat until morning.
- Deuteronomy 16:4 (verbal): On eating the Passover: 'nothing shall remain of it until the morning' — repeats the same formula about not leaving sacrificial/festal meat until morning.
- Leviticus 6:30 (Heb. 7:19) (verbal): Within the priestly sacrifice laws the same rule appears: holy portions must be eaten on the day offered and not left until morning; Lev 22:30 echoes this earlier priestly regulation.
- Leviticus 7:15 (verbal): Rule concerning the priestly heave‑offering: it is to be eaten the same day and not left until morning — a near‑identical practical and legal stipulation to Lev 22:30.
Alternative generated candidates
- On that day it shall be eaten; you shall not leave any of it until morning; I am the LORD.
- On that same day it shall be eaten; you shall not leave any of it until morning; I am the LORD.
Lev.22.31 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ושמרתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- מצותי: NOUN,f,pl,abs,1cs
- ועשיתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Lev.18.4 (verbal): Same injunction to keep my statutes and perform them, concluded with the divine formula 'I am the LORD'—a near verbal parallel to 22:31.
- Lev.19.37 (verbal): Closely parallels the command to observe God's decrees and judgments with the closing identification 'I am the LORD.'
- Lev.26.3-4 (thematic): Promises blessing conditional on walking in God's statutes and keeping his commandments—same theme of obedience to God's commands found in 22:31.
- Deut.5.32-33 (structural): A Deuteronomic exhortation to be careful to do as the Lord commanded and to walk in his ways—the same structural call to obey God's commandments reflected in Leviticus 22:31.
Alternative generated candidates
- And you shall keep my commandments and do them; I am the LORD.
- And you shall keep my commandments and do them; I am the LORD.
Lev.22.32 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולא: CONJ
- תחללו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- שם: ADV
- קדשי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1,m,sg
- ונקדשתי: VERB,niphal,perf,1,sg
- בתוך: PREP
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מקדשכם: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 20:8 (verbal): Uses the same divine formula 'I am the LORD who sanctifies you' (Heb. אֲנִי יְהוָה מְקַדְּשְׁכֶם), linking God's sanctifying presence with Israel's call to holiness.
- Leviticus 19:12 (verbal): Commands not to profane God's name ('neither shalt thou profane the name of thy God'), directly paralleling the prohibition against profaning God's holy name in Lev 22:32.
- Ezekiel 36:22-23 (thematic): God declares he will sanctify his great name and be sanctified through the restoration of Israel—developing the theme of God's holiness being honored among Israel and the nations found in Lev 22:32.
- Malachi 1:11 (thematic): Speaks of God's name being great and honored 'from the rising of the sun to its setting' and criticizes profaning worship—echoing Lev 22:32's concern that God's name not be profaned but be sanctified.
Alternative generated candidates
- And you shall not profane my holy name, and I will be hallowed in the midst of the sons of Israel; I am the LORD who sanctifies you.
- And you shall not profane my holy name, and I will be sanctified in the midst of the sons of Israel; I am the LORD who sanctifies you.
Lev.22.33 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- המוציא: VERB,hif,ptcp,3,m,sg
- אתכם: PRT+PRON,2,m,pl
- מארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- להיות: VERB,qal,inf,NA,NA,NA
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- לאלהים: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Exodus 20:2 (quotation): Opening of the Decalogue: identical confession that Yahweh brought Israel out of Egypt to be their God, grounding covenant obligations in the exodus.
- Deuteronomy 5:6 (quotation): Deuteronomic restatement of the Decalogue repeatsthe same formula—'I am the LORD who brought you out of the land of Egypt'—as the basis for Israel's duties.
- Leviticus 11:45 (verbal): A near-verbatim Levitical formula: Yahweh reminds Israel he brought them out of Egypt to be their God and ties that act to the call to holiness.
- Exodus 6:7 (thematic): Part of God's covenantal promise tied to deliverance: 'I will take you as my people, and I will be your God,' linking the exodus with the divine relationship invoked in Lev 22:33.
- Deuteronomy 26:8 (thematic): Liturgical/commemorative retelling of the exodus—'the LORD brought us out of Egypt with a mighty hand'—echoes the deliverance motif that undergirds Yahweh's claim to be Israel's God.
Alternative generated candidates
- Who brought you out of the land of Egypt to be your God; I am the LORD.
- who brought you out from the land of Egypt to be your God; I am the LORD.
Lev.23.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Leviticus 1:1 (verbal): Identical opening formula ('And the LORD spoke to Moses'), introducing the sacrificial laws — same rhetorical/legislative pattern within Leviticus.
- Numbers 28:1 (thematic): Same formula ('And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying') and subject-matter: divine instructions about offerings and appointed times, closely related to Lev 23's festival legislation.
- Numbers 9:1 (verbal): Nearly identical wording ('And the LORD spoke to Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, saying') introducing Passover regulations — a parallel instance of God addressing Moses about the sacred calendar.
- Exodus 20:1 (structural): Uses a similar introductory device ('And God spoke all these words, saying') to introduce the Decalogue — a structural parallel for delivering major divine commands.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying:
- And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying:
Lev.23.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואמרת: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- אלהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- מועדי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- תקראו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
- מקראי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- קדש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- הם: PRON,personal,3,m,pl
- מועדי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
Parallels
- Exodus 12:14 (thematic): Institutes Passover as a feast/solemn day to be kept for the LORD—parallels Leviticus 23’s declaration that Israel is to observe the LORD’s appointed feasts.
- Exodus 23:14-17 (structural): Gives an earlier summary statement and listing of the annual feasts (Unleavened, Harvest/Pentecost, Ingathering/Booths), corresponding to Leviticus 23’s systematic presentation of the LORD’s appointed festivals.
- Numbers 28:1-2 (verbal): Commands concerning offerings for the appointed times begin with a speaking/command formula ('the LORD spoke unto Moses... command the children of Israel, and say unto them'), echoing Leviticus 23:2’s ‘Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them.’
- Deuteronomy 16:16 (thematic): Requires Israel’s pilgrimage/appearance before the LORD at the appointed feasts (Passover, Weeks, Booths), reflecting the covenantal obligation articulated in Leviticus 23.
- Psalm 81:3-4 (verbal): Calls the people to sound the trumpet ‘at the appointed time, on our solemn feast day,’ using the language of appointed times/solemn convocations that Leviticus 23 introduces.
Alternative generated candidates
- Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them: The appointed times of the LORD, which you shall proclaim as holy convocations—these are my appointed times.
- Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them: The appointed times of the LORD, which you shall proclaim as holy convocations—these are my appointed times.
And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying:
Speak to Aaron and to his sons and to all the sons of Israel, and say to them: Anyone of the house of Israel, and also the resident alien in Israel, who presents his offering for any of their vows or for any of their freewill offerings that they present to the LORD, for a burnt offering,
for your acceptance it shall be an unblemished male from the cattle, the sheep, or the goats.
Whatever has a blemish you shall not present, for it will not be acceptable for you. And when anyone presents a sacrifice of well-being to the LORD, to fulfill a vow or as a freewill offering, from the cattle or from the flock—it shall be without defect to be accepted; no blemish shall be in it.
Blind or broken, or maimed, or having a wart, or scab, or ringworm—you shall not present these to the LORD; and as an offering by fire you shall not place any of them on the altar to the LORD.
An ox or a sheep with a limb too long or too short, as a freewill offering you may present it; but for a vow it will not be accepted.
You shall not present to the LORD anything with its testicles crushed, bruised, torn, or cut; and in your land you shall not do this. And from the hand of a foreigner you shall not present the food of your God from any of these, for their deformity is in them; a blemish is in them—they will not be accepted for you. And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying:
When a bull or a sheep or a goat is born, it shall remain with its mother seven days; and from the eighth day onward it shall be accepted as an offering by fire to the LORD. And an ox or a sheep—you shall not slaughter it and its young on one day. And when you sacrifice a sacrifice of thanksgiving to the LORD, you shall sacrifice it for your acceptance.
On that same day it shall be eaten; you shall not leave any of it until morning. I am the LORD. And you shall keep my commandments and do them; I am the LORD. And you shall not profane my holy name, and I shall be hallowed in the midst of the sons of Israel; I am the LORD who sanctifies you.
who brought you out of the land of Egypt to be your God; I am the LORD. And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying:
Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them: The appointed times of the LORD, which you shall proclaim as holy convocations—these are my appointed times.