The Edomite Genealogies (Esau and Seir)
1 Chronicles 1:35-54
1 C.1.35 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- עשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- אליפז: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- רעואל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויעוש: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויעלם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- וקרח: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Genesis 36:4 (verbal): Gives the same short list of Esau's sons (Eliphaz, Reuel, Jeush, Jalam, Korah); a direct verbal parallel to 1 Chronicles 1:35.
- Genesis 36:9 (structural): Introduces the 'generations of Esau' and repeats his descendants, framing Esau as father of Edom—the broader genealogical context for the names in 1 Chr 1:35.
- Genesis 36:15-17 (thematic): Expands the brief list in 1 Chr 1:35 by recording the chiefs and family lines descended from Esau's sons (especially Eliphaz and Reuel), showing how the named sons become tribal leaders in Edom.
- Obadiah 1:6 (thematic): Though not a genealogy, this prophetic oracle against Edom invokes Esau/Edom as a people; it connects the ancestral identity established by passages like 1 Chr 1:35 to later prophetic references to Esau's descendants.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Esau: Eliphaz, Reuel, Jeush, Jaalam, and Korah.
- The sons of Esau: Eliphaz, Reuel, Jeush, Jalam, and Korah.
1 C.1.36 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- אליפז: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תימן: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- ואומר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- צפי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וגעתם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קנז: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- ותמנע: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ועמלק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 36:11-12 (verbal): Lists the sons of Eliphaz (Teman, Omar, Zepho/Gaʿtam, Kenaz) and notes Timna as concubine who bore Amalek — closely parallels the names and the mention of Amalek in 1 Chr 1:36.
- Genesis 36:15 (structural): Gives a related Edomite roster in which Teman appears as a chief/tribal designation, connecting the personal name Teman in the genealogy with Edomite territorial/tribal identity.
- Job 4:1 (allusion): Opens with 'Eliphaz the Temanite' — an echo of the Teman/Eliphaz tradition in Genesis/Chronicles; links a descendant/ethnic designation (Temanite) to the Eliphaz lineage named here.
- Deuteronomy 25:17-19 (thematic): Commands Israel to remember and blot out Amalek, thematically connected to the genealogical mention of Amalek here (as descendant of Timna), which situates Amalek historically among Israel’s neighboring peoples.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Eliphaz: Teman, Omar, Zepho, Gatam, Kenaz, Timna, and Amalek.
- The sons of Eliphaz: Teman, Omar, Zephi, Gatam, Kenaz, Timna, and Amalek.
1 C.1.37 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- רעואל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נחת: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- זרח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שמה: ADV
- ומזה: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 36:11 (verbal): Lists the sons of Reuel (Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah) using essentially the same names — a direct verbal parallel to the genealogy in 1 Chronicles.
- Genesis 36:9 (structural): Provides the larger context for Esau/Edom’s genealogy, introducing Reuel and his sons; parallels the situating of Reuel’s line in Chronicles.
- 1 Chronicles 1:36 (verbal): The immediately preceding verse in the same genealogical sequence; Chronicles repeats and arranges the same Edomite names across contiguous verses.
- 1 Chronicles 1:38 (structural): Continues the list of Edomite descendants/chiefs in Chronicles, showing the same genealogical framework and continuity with v.37.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah.
- The sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah.
1 C.1.38 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ובני: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- שעיר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לוטן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושובל: CONJ+PN,m,sg,abs
- וצבעון: CONJ+PN,m,sg,abs
- וענה: CONJ+PN,m,sg,abs
- ודישן: CONJ,NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואצר: CONJ,NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ודישן: CONJ,NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 36:20 (verbal): Direct verbal parallel — Genesis lists the sons of Seir (Lotan, Shobal, Zibeon, Anah, Dishon, Ezer, Dishan) in the same order and wording as 1 Chronicles 1:38.
- Genesis 36:20-30 (structural): Broader genealogical parallel — the passage provides the extended genealogy and clan details of Seir the Horite that Chronicles compresses and echoes in its genealogical summary.
- Genesis 36:22 (allusion): Connected by person — this verse names Timna as the sister of Lotan (one of the sons listed in 1 Chronicles 1:38), providing additional family context for Lotan's line.
- Genesis 36:24 (allusion): Linked by individual detail — this verse gives a specific note about Anah (one of the sons listed), saying he 'found' the hot springs, an extra-biblical detail related to the same genealogical strand.
Alternative generated candidates
- Now the chiefs of Seir: Lotan, Shobal, Zibeon, Anah, Dishon, Ezer, and Dishan.
- The sons of Seir: Lotan, Shobal, Zibeon, Anah, Dishon, Ezer, and Dishan.
1 C.1.39 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ובני: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- לוטן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חרי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- והומם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואחות: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לוטן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תמנע: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 36:20–21 (quotation): Direct parallel—lists the sons of Lotan as Hori and Hemam (Homam) and names Timna as Lotan's sister, matching the names and relationship verbatim.
- Genesis 36:22–30 (structural): Broader context of the Edomite/Horite genealogies in Genesis; situates Lotan and his offspring among the clans of Seir/Esau, showing the same genealogical framework.
- 1 Chronicles 1:35–43 (structural): The surrounding chapter in Chronicles reproduces the Genesis Edomite genealogy; 1 Chr 1:39 is part of this expanded repetition of Genesis material.
- Genesis 36:9–14 (thematic): Parallel thematic material listing Esau/Seir’s descendants and clan structure—places Lotan within the wider tradition of Edomite genealogies and clan chiefs.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Lotan: Hori and Homam; Lotan’s sister was Timna.
- The sons of Lotan: Hori and Homam; Lotan's sister was Timna.
1 C.1.40 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- שובל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עלין: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ומנחת: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועיבל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שפי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואונם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ובני: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- צבעון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- איה: ADV,interr
- וענה: CONJ+PN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 36:21 (verbal): Direct verbal parallel — Genesis lists the sons of Shobal (Alvan/Alin, Manahath, Ebal, Shepho/Shephi, Onam) and the sons of Zibeon (Aiah and Anah), essentially the same names as 1 Chr 1:40 with only minor orthographic variants.
- Genesis 36:20-24 (structural): Part of the same genealogical block in Genesis that 1 Chronicles reproduces; these verses provide the immediate Genesis context for the Shobal/Zibeon family-group listing that Chronicles echoes.
- Genesis 36:8-14 (thematic): Earlier section of Genesis that enumerates the Horite/Seir clans — thematically parallel because both passages catalogue the families and chiefs of Seir (Edom), situating Shobal and Zibeon within the larger Horite/Edomite genealogy.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Shobal: Alian, Manahath, Ebal, Shepho, and Onam. The sons of Zibeon: Aiah and Anah.
- The sons of Shobal: Alian, Manahath, Ebal, Shepho, and Onam. The sons of Zibeon: Aiah and Anah.
1 C.1.41 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ענה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דישון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ובני: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- דישון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חמרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואשבן: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויתרן: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכרן: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 36:24-26 (verbal): Direct parallel: Genesis lists ‘the sons of Anah: Dishon’ and the sons of Dishon (Hemdan/Hamran, Eshban, Ithran/Iitran, and Cheran/Kharan), matching the names in 1 Chronicles 1:41.
- Genesis 36:20-30 (structural): Broader Edomite genealogy in Genesis that contains the same family lines and situates Anah and Dishon within the wider descent of Seir/Esau.
- 1 Chronicles 1:34-43 (verbal): Immediate Chronicle context: the surrounding verses in 1 Chronicles reproduce the Edomite genealogical list (including the names in v.41), showing the same sequence and names within the book’s genealogy.
- Genesis 36:31-43 (thematic): Continuation of the Edomite lists (kings and chiefs) that thematically connects to the genealogical material in v.41, providing context for Edom’s tribal and leadership structure.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Anah: Dishon. The sons of Dishon: Hemran, Eshban, Ithran, and Cheran.
- The sons of Anah: Dishon. The sons of Dishon: Hemdan, Eshban, Ithran, and Cheran.
1 C.1.42 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- אצר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בלהן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וזעון: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יעקן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- דישון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עוץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וארן: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 36:20 (verbal): Genesis 36:20 lists the sons of Seir the Horite (Lotan, Shobal, Zibeon, Anah, Dishon, Ezer, Dishan) — a direct parallel to the tribal/lineage names repeated in 1 Chronicles' genealogy.
- Genesis 36:21–30 (structural): This broader section in Genesis gives the detailed genealogy and chiefs of Seir/Edom (including the families of Dishon, Ezer, etc.), which 1 Chronicles 1 reproduces in condensed form.
- Genesis 36:25–30 (verbal): These verses enumerate chiefs and descendants associated with Dishon and related clans — closely corresponding to the names and clan groupings preserved in 1 Chronicles 1:42.
- Genesis 36:40–43 (thematic): These verses continue the catalog of Edomite chiefs and territorial divisions; thematically they match 1 Chronicles' purpose of recording Seir/Edom lineages and chiefs for Israelite historiography.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Ezer: Bilhan, Zaavan, and Akan. The sons of Dishan: Uz and Aran.
- The sons of Ezer: Bilhan, Zaavan, and Akan. The sons of Dishon: Uz and Aran.
1 C.1.43 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואלה: CONJ+DEM,pl,abs
- המלכים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- מלכו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- אדום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לפני: PREP
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- לבני: PREP
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בלע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בעור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עירו: NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss:3,m,sg
- דנהבה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 36:31-32 (quotation): Direct parallel/near-quotation — the same formula listing the kings of Edom, naming Bela son of Beor and his city Dinhabah, and stating these kings reigned before Israel had a king.
- Genesis 36:15-19 (thematic): Lists the dukes/chiefs of Edom (leadership of Edom) and complements the theme of Edomite political organization that the kings' list exemplifies.
- Genesis 36:8-9 (structural): Describes Esau/Edom settling in Seir and establishing clans; provides the ancestral and geographic background for the later emergence of Edomite kings.
- 1 Chronicles 1:44 (structural): Immediate continuation within Chronicles — the next verse continues the catalogue of Edomite kings, showing the same source tradition repeated and expanded in Chronicles.
Alternative generated candidates
- These are the kings who reigned in the land of Edom before any king reigned over the people of Israel: Bela son of Beor, and his city was Dinhabah.
- These are the kings who reigned in the land of Edom before there was a king over the Israelites: Bela son of Beor—his city was Dinhabah.
1 C.1.44 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וימת: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בלע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וימלך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- תחתיו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- יובב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- זרח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מבצרה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 36:33 (quotation): Direct parallel — same statement: 'Bela died, and Jobab the son of Zerah of Bozrah reigned in his stead.' (1 Chr 1:44 repeats Genesis 36:33).
- Genesis 36:31-39 (structural): The broader list of Edomite kings 'before any king reigned over the sons of Israel'; 1 Chr 1:43–50 largely mirrors this Genesis section.
- Amos 1:12 (thematic): Mentions Bozrah as a fortified Edomite city ('it shall devour the strongholds of Bozrah'), linking the location associated with Jobab son of Zerah.
- Isaiah 63:1 (thematic): Refers to coming 'from Edom, from Bozrah' — uses Bozrah/Edomic imagery that connects geographically and thematically with the Chronicles/Genesis reference to Bozrah.
Alternative generated candidates
- Bela died, and Jobab son of Zerah of Bozrah reigned in his place.
- Bela died, and Jobab son of Zerah of Bozrah reigned in his place.
1 C.1.45 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וימת: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יובב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וימלך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- תחתיו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- חושם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- התימני: ADJ,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Genesis 36:34 (quotation): Direct parallel: Genesis records ‘Jobab died, and Husham of the land of Teman reigned in his stead,’ the same succession formula and names.
- Genesis 36:31-39 (structural): Broader list of the kings of Edom before any king reigned over Israel; the sequence and king-names correspond to 1 Chronicles’ genealogy and regnal roster.
- Genesis 36:35 (verbal): Immediate continuation in Genesis: records Husham’s death and the succession by Hadad, showing the same succession sequence as Chronicles.
- 1 Chronicles 1:46 (verbal): Neighboring verse in the same chapter continues the succession formula (Husham’s death and the rise of Hadad), reflecting the same editorial structure and tradition.
Alternative generated candidates
- Jobab died, and Husham of the land of Teman reigned in his stead.
- Jobab died, and Husham from the land of Teman reigned in his place.
1 C.1.46 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וימת: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- חושם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וימלך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- תחתיו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- הדד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בדד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המכה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- את: PRT,acc
- מדין: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בשדה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מואב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ושם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עירו: NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss:3,m,sg
- עוית: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 36:31-39 (structural): Lists the kings of Edom before Israel's monarchy; provides the parallel account of Edomite rulers and corresponds to the same tradition placing Hadad (son of Bedad) among the kings.
- Genesis 36:35 (verbal): Gives the same detail about Hadad (son of Bedad) and his victory over Midian in the field of Moab and the naming of his city (textual/wording parallel; numbering/variants differ among manuscripts).
- 1 Chron 1:43-54 (structural): The Chronicler's broader genealogical/king-list section repeats material found in Genesis about Edom's rulers; this passage frames the same Hadad/Bedad tradition within Chronicles' genealogy motif.
- Judges 7–8 (thematic): The Gideon narratives report Israel's defeat of the Midianites; thematically parallel as another tradition of martial action against Midian as a neighboring adversary (different context but comparable motif of victory over Midian).
Alternative generated candidates
- Husham died, and Hadad son of Bedad, who defeated Midian in the field of Moab—his city was Avith—reigned in his stead.
- Husham died, and Hadad son of Bedad, who struck down Midian in the field of Moab—his city was Avith—reigned in his place.
1 C.1.47 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וימת: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הדד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וימלך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- תחתיו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- שמלה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ממשרקה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Gen.36.39 (verbal): Direct parallel/near-quotation — Genesis explicitly records Hadad's death and that Samlah of Masrekah succeeded him.
- Gen.36.31-39 (structural): Broader list of the kings who reigned in Edom; the same succession appears here as part of the Edomite kings list.
- Gen.36.20-30 (thematic): Related genealogical material listing the chiefs of Edom — thematically connected material on Edomite leaders and tribal succession.
- 1Chr.1.43-50 (verbal): The surrounding Chronicles passage reproduces the Edomite kings list found in Genesis, showing the same sequence of rulers including Samlah of Masrekah.
Alternative generated candidates
- Hadad died, and Samlah of Masrekah reigned in his place.
- Hadad died, and Samlah of Masrekah reigned in his place.
1 C.1.48 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וימת: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- שמלה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וימלך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- תחתיו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- שאול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מרחבות: NOUN,f,pl,const
- הנהר: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Genesis 36:31-43 (quotation): The list of Edomite kings in 1 Chronicles 1 parallels and largely repeats the king-list given in Genesis 36:31–43 (same succession of names and sequence).
- Genesis 36:39 (verbal): Contains the same pair of names — Samlah (Samlah/Šemlah) and Saul (Shaul) — and the reference to Rehoboth by the river, mirroring the wording and personal names in 1 Chr 1:48.
- 1 Chronicles 1:49 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same Edomite kings list within Chronicles; follows directly after 1 Chr 1:48 and completes the sequence preserved by the Chronicler.
Alternative generated candidates
- Samlah died, and Shaul of Rehoboth by the river reigned in his stead.
- Samlah died, and Shaul of Rehoboth by the river reigned in his place.
1 C.1.49 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וימת: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- שאול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וימלך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- תחתיו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- בעל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חנן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עכבור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 36:39 (verbal): Same brief report in the list of Edomite kings: 'When Saul died, Baal‑hanan son of Achbor reigned in his place.' (direct verbal parallel).
- Genesis 36:31-39 (structural): Part of the larger list of kings who reigned in Edom before any Israelite king; 1 Chr 1:49 repeats material from this section.
- 1 Chronicles 1:43-54 (structural): Immediate parallel within Chronicles itself—the verse is part of this block that reproduces the Genesis list of Edomite chiefs and kings.
- 1 Samuel 31:6 (thematic): Reports the death of Saul and his sons (the Israelite King Saul) — a thematically similar brief notice of a king's death and the death of his sons, using comparable wording.
Alternative generated candidates
- Shaul died, and Baal-hanan son of Achbor reigned in his place.
- Shaul died, and Baal-hanan son of Achbor reigned in his place.
1 C.1.50 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וימת: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בעל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חנן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- וימלך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- תחתיו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- הדד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עירו: NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss:3,m,sg
- פעי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשתו: NOUN,f,sg,cs+3,m,sg
- מהיטבאל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- מטרד: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- מי: PRON,interr,sg
- זהב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 36:31-39 (structural): The parallel block in Genesis listing the kings of Edom — the same sequence and royal data (kings’ names, cities, wives) as in Chronicles.
- Genesis 36:38-39 (verbal): Gives the same particulars: Baal‑hanan/Hadar (Hadad) succession, the city Pau, and the wife Mehetabel daughter of Matred daughter of Me‑Zahab — a near‑verbatim match to 1 Chr 1:50.
- Genesis 36:35 (verbal): Specifically names Hadad (Hadar) with his city Pau and his wife Mehetabel (Mehitbeal/Mehetabel), paralleling the personal and marital details in 1 Chr 1:50.
- 1 Chronicles 1:43-54 (quotation): The surrounding Chronicler material repeats and clusters the Edomite king list (including Baal‑hanan, Hadar/Hadad, Pau, Mehetabel), showing the Chronicler’s dependence on the Genesis tradition.
Alternative generated candidates
- Baal-hanan died, and Hadar reigned in his stead; his city was Pau, and his wife’s name was Mehetabel, daughter of Matred, daughter of Me-zahab.
- Baal-hanan died, and Hadar reigned in his place; his city was Pau. His wife's name was Mehetabel, daughter of Matred, daughter of Me-Zahab.
1 C.1.51 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וימת: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הדד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויהיו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- אלופי: NOUN,m,pl,constr
- אדום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלוף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תמנע: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אלוף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עלוה: NOUN,prop,f,sg
- אלוף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יתת: NOUN,prop,f,sg
Parallels
- Genesis 36:40–43 (verbal): Direct parallel list of the chiefs/‘aluphim’ of Edom, including Timna (Temna), Alvah and Jetheth—Chronicles largely repeats these names and formulations from Genesis.
- Genesis 36:15–19 (structural): Broader section in Genesis that enumerates Esau’s descendants and the chiefs of Edom; parallels the genealogical structure and many of the same names found in 1 Chronicles 1.
- 1 Chronicles 1:49–54 (structural): Immediate internal parallel within Chronicles: the surrounding verses contain the same Edomite genealogy and list of chiefs, with the death of Hadad and the named chiefs continuing the same sequence.
- Obadiah 1:9 (allusion): Prophetic mention of Teman/men of Teman (an Edomite clan linked to the chiefs named in the genealogies); thematically connects later prophetic tradition about Edom to the genealogical lists.
Alternative generated candidates
- When Hadar died, these were the chiefs of Edom: chief Timna, chief Alvah, chief Jetheth.
- Hadar died. The chiefs of Edom were: chief Timna, chief Alvah, chief Jetheth.
1 C.1.52 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אלוף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אהליבמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אלוף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- אלוף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פינן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 36:40-43 (quotation): Direct parallel: Genesis lists the dukes/chiefs of Esau/Edom, including Oholibamah (Aholibamah), Ela, and Pinnon (Pinnôn); 1 Chr repeats this roster verbatim.
- Genesis 36:25-30 (thematic): Another passage in Genesis that enumerates chiefs/clan leaders of Edom — thematically parallel as part of the same genealogical/tribal tradition.
- Genesis 36:15-19 (structural): A related section of Genesis giving the dukes of the land of Seir/Edom; parallels the structural pattern of listing chieftains and clan heads.
- 1 Chronicles 1:51 (verbal): Adjacent verse in Chronicles continuing the same list of Edomite chiefs — shows internal verbal continuity within the Chronicler's genealogy.
Alternative generated candidates
- Chief Oholibamah, chief Elah, chief Pinon.
- Chief Aholibamah, chief Elah, chief Pinon.
1 C.1.53 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אלוף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קנז: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- אלוף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תימן: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- אלוף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מבצר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 36:11 (verbal): Lists Teman and Kenaz among the sons/lines of Eliphaz—verbal overlap with the names in Chronicles' list of chiefs (same personal/place names).
- Genesis 36:15 (verbal): Gives the names of the 'dukes' (אלופים) of Edom/Esau's descendants, echoing the same office-title and roster found in 1 Chronicles 1:53.
- Genesis 36:40-43 (structural): A broader catalogue of the dukes/chiefs of Edom; structurally parallel as an equivalent ancient list of regional chiefs to which the Chronicles entry corresponds.
- 1 Chronicles 1:52 (structural): Immediate parallel within the same genealogical chapter—neighboring verse uses the same formula/term (אלוף) and continues the roll of chiefs, showing the Chronicler's redactional listing.
Alternative generated candidates
- Chief Kenaz, chief Teman, chief Mibzar.
- Chief Kenaz, chief Teman, chief Mibzar.
1 C.1.54 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אלוף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מגדיאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלוף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עירם: NOUN,f,sg,abs,3,m,pl
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- אלופי: NOUN,m,pl,constr
- אדום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 36:40-43 (verbal): Direct parallel list of the chiefs of Edom; the same tribal chiefs (including Magdiel and Iram) appear in Genesis’ catalogue.
- 1 Chronicles 1:41-53 (structural): Immediate internal parallel — the surrounding verses in 1 Chronicles repeat and expand the genealogical and chieftain lists of Esau/Edom of which v.54 is the culmination.
- Genesis 36:1-8 (thematic): Broader Genesis genealogy of Esau/Seir that frames the origin of Edom’s clans and chiefs, providing the genealogical context for the list in 1 Chronicles 1:54.
- Obadiah 1:1 (thematic): Prophetic oracle addressing Edom as a nation descended from Esau; thematically linked to the identification of Edom’s chiefs and tribal identity in 1 Chronicles 1:54.
Alternative generated candidates
- Chief Magdiel, chief Iram—these are the chiefs of Edom.
- Chief Magdiel and chief Iram—these are the chiefs of Edom.
The sons of Esau: Eliphaz, Reuel, Jeush, Jaalam, and Korah.
The sons of Eliphaz: Teman, Omar, Zepho, Gatam, Kenaz, and Timna; and Amalek.
The sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah. And the chiefs of Seir: Lotan, Shobal, Zibeon, Anah, Dishon, Ezer, and Dishan.
The sons of Lotan: Hori and Homam; and Lotan's sister was Timna.
The sons of Shobal: Alian, Manahath, Ebal, Shepho, and Onam. The sons of Zibeon: Aiah and Anah.
The son of Anah: Dishon. The sons of Dishon: Hemdan, Eshban, Ithran, and Cheran.
The sons of Ezer: Bilhan, Zaavan, and Akan. The sons of Dishan: Uz and Aran.
These are the kings who reigned in the land of Edom before any king reigned over the people of Israel: Bela son of Beor, and the name of his city was Dinhabah.
Bela died, and Jobab son of Zerah of Bozrah reigned in his place.
Jobab died, and Husham from the land of Teman reigned in his place.
Husham died, and Hadad son of Bedad—he who struck down Midian in the field of Moab—reigned in his place; and the name of his city was Avith.
Hadad died, and Samlah of Masrekah reigned in his place.
Samlah died, and Saul of Rehoboth by the River reigned in his place.
Saul died, and Baal-hanan son of Achbor reigned in his place.
Baal-hanan died, and Hadad reigned in his place; the name of his city was Pau, and the name of his wife was Mehetabel, daughter of Matred, daughter of Mezahab.
Hadad died. These were the chiefs of Edom: chief Timna, chief Alvah, chief Jetheth,
chief Oholibamah, chief Ela, chief Pinon,
chief Kenaz, chief Teman, chief Mibzar,
chief Magdiel and chief Iram—these are the chiefs of Edom.