al.luph denotes a recognized leader, especially one named among Edomite or Horite groups and, in later clauses, among Judah.

The term most often identifies named leaders in structured lists of Edomite and Horite groups; it also designates Judah's leaders as a collective in clauses concerning their response and action.

1. Named leaders in group and family lists · dominant

   In Genesis 36:15, singular forms stand before the names Teman, Omar, Zepho, and Kenaz, while the verse also identifies them as leaders of Eliphaz. Genesis 36:29 likewise introduces named Horite figures, and 1 Chronicles 1:51 presents Timna, Alvah, and Jetheth within a list of Edomite leaders.

   Genesis 36:15Genesis 36:29Genesis 36:40Genesis 36:431 Chronicles 1:511 Chronicles 1:54
2. Collective leaders in public action · occasional

   The plural construct form identifies the leaders of Edom in Exodus 15:15, where the APB renders the clause "the chiefs of Edom were dismayed." In Zechariah 12:5 the leaders of Judah speak inwardly about Jerusalem's strength, and in Zechariah 12:6 they are compared to fire and consume surrounding peoples; Zechariah 9:7 uses a singular form in the comparison "like a clan chief in Judah."

   Exodus 15:15Zechariah 12:5Zechariah 12:6Zechariah 9:7

In the Anselm Paraphrase: Across the list passages, the APB repeatedly presents the term with "chief" or "chiefs," including named individuals and groups. It uses "clan chief" in Zechariah 9:7; these are paraphrase renderings of whole clauses rather than word-aligned equivalents.