to reign
ma.lakh describes ruling as king, and in Hiphil forms making or causing someone to rule.
The predominant use describes a person’s royal rule over a people or territory, including succession after another ruler’s death and the duration or location of a reign. Hiphil forms describe bringing about that rule by making, causing, or appointing someone as king.
Senses in use
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Ruling as king · dominant
Qal forms describe royal rule over a specified people or place. In 1 Kings 14:21 the APB renders Rehoboam’s rule in Judah and Jerusalem, while 1 Chronicles 1:44 places Jobab’s rule after Bela’s death; 1 Chronicles 16:31 applies the same form to the LORD in the nations’ proclamation.
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Making someone king · occasional
Hiphil forms show an agent bringing another person into royal rule. In 1 Chronicles 23:1 the APB renders David causing Solomon to rule over Israel, and in 1 Kings 12:20 it renders all Israel making Jeroboam king over Israel.
In the Anselm Project Bible: Across the cited verses, the APB commonly uses “reigned” for Qal clauses of royal rule and uses expressions such as “made him king” or “caused Solomon his son to reign” for Hiphil clauses. Because the APB is a whole-verse translation, these renderings are treated as confirmation of the clauses’ overall presentation.