Final Greetings, Exhortations, and Benediction
1 Corinthians 16:19-24
Genesis
Exodus
Leviticus
Numbers
Deuteronomy
Joshua
Judges
Ruth
1 Samuel
2 Samuel
1 Kings
2 Kings
1 Chronicles
2 Chronicles
Ezra
Nehemiah
Esther
Job
Psalm
Proverbs
Ecclesiastes
Song
Isaiah
Jeremiah
Lamentations
Ezekiel
Daniel
Hosea
Joel
Amos
Jonah
Micah
Nahum
Habakkuk
Zephaniah
Haggai
Zechariah
Malachi
Matthew
Mark
Luke
John
Acts
Romans
1 Corinthians
2 Corinthians
Galatians
Ephesians
Philippians
Colossians
1 Thessalonians
2 Thessalonians
1 Timothy
2 Timothy
Titus
Philemon
Hebrews
James
1 Peter
2 Peter
1 John
Jude
Revelation
1Cor.16.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Ασπαζονται: VERB,pres,mid,ind,3,pl
- υμας: PRON,acc,pl,2
- αι: ART,nom,pl,f
- εκκλησιαι: NOUN,nom,pl,f
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- Ασιας: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- ασπαζεται: VERB,pres,mid,ind,3,sg
- υμας: PRON,acc,pl,2
- εν: PREP
- κυριω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- πολλα: ADJ,acc,pl,n
- Ακυλας: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- Πρισκα: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- συν: PREP
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- κατ᾽οικον: ADV
- αυτων: PRON,gen,pl,m
- εκκλησια: NOUN,dat,sg,f
Parallels
- Rom.16:3-5 (verbal): Paul sends greetings to Aquila and Priscilla and to the church that meets in their house—close verbal and structural parallel to 1 Cor 16:19.
- Acts 18:2-3 (thematic): Narrative background introducing Aquila and Priscilla as Paul’s fellow workers (tentmakers) in Corinth, explaining their connection to Paul and local churches.
- Acts 18:26 (thematic): Shows Aquila and Priscilla’s active role in teaching (they instructed Apollos), illustrating their pastoral/missionary leadership referenced by Paul’s greeting.
- Colossians 4:15 (verbal): Paul sends greetings to Nymphas and ‘the church in his house,’ using the same house-church formula as in 1 Cor 16:19.
- Philemon 1:2 (verbal): Paul greets the church in Philemon’s house—another instance of Paul recognizing domestic congregations, parallel to the house church of Aquila and Priscilla.
Alternative generated candidates
- The churches of Asia send you greetings. Aquila and Priscilla, together with the church that meets in their house, warmly greet you in the Lord.
- The churches of Asia send you greetings. Aquila and Priscilla greet you warmly in the Lord, and the church that meets in their house.
1Cor.16.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ασπαζονται: VERB,pres,mid/pass,ind,3,pl
- υμας: PRON,acc,pl,2
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- αδελφοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- παντες: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- ασπασασθε: VERB,aor,mid,imp,2,pl
- αλληλους: PRON,acc,pl,m
- εν: PREP
- φιληματι: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- αγιω: ADJ,dat,sg,n
Parallels
- Rom.16.16 (verbal): Exact verbal parallel: Paul’s closing injunction 'greet one another with a holy kiss' appears here as part of final salutations to the churches.
- 2Cor.13.12 (verbal): Direct verbal parallel in Paul’s epistolary closing—same greeting formula used as a communal, affectionate salutation.
- 1Thess.5.26 (verbal): Very similar wording ('greet all the brothers with a holy kiss'); another Pauline instance of the liturgical/communal greeting.
- 1Pet.5.14 (verbal): Non-Pauline but closely parallel wording ('greet one another with a kiss of love/holy kiss'), showing the practice and phrase circulating in early Christian communities.
Alternative generated candidates
- All the brothers and sisters here send greetings. Greet one another with a holy kiss.
- All the brothers send you greetings. Greet one another with a holy kiss.
1Cor.16.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- ασπασμος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- εμη: PRON,nom,sg,f
- χειρι: NOUN,dat,sg,fem
- Παυλου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Galatians 6:11 (verbal): Paul calls attention to his own handwriting—'See what large letters I write with my own hand'—a personal autograph formula similar to 1 Cor 16:21.
- 2 Thessalonians 3:17 (quotation): Paul explicitly states he writes the closing greeting with his own hand and notes this as his customary sign in every letter, closely echoing the autograph affirmation in 1 Cor 16:21.
- Colossians 4:18 (verbal): The letter closes with Paul’s autograph: 'I, Paul, write this greeting with my own hand,' paralleling the personal salutation of 1 Cor 16:21.
- Philemon 19 (verbal): Paul adds a personal postscript in his own hand—'I, Paul, write this with my own hand'—another instance of the same autograph closing formula found in 1 Cor 16:21.
Alternative generated candidates
- I, Paul, write this greeting with my own hand.
- I, Paul, write this greeting with my own hand.
1Cor.16.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ει: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
- τις: PRON,nom,sg,?
- ου: PART,neg
- φιλει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- κυριον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- ητω: VERB,pres,act,imp,3,sg
- αναθεμα: NOUN,nom,sg,n
- Μαρανα: NOUN,voc,sg,m
- θα: VERB,pres,act,imp,2,sg
Parallels
- Galatians 1:8-9 (verbal): Paul twice uses ἀνάθεμα ('let him be accursed') to condemn anyone preaching a different gospel—same technical term and curse-form as 1 Cor 16:22.
- Romans 9:3 (verbal): Paul says he could wish himself ἀνάθεμα ('accursed') from Christ—shows same vocabulary and the strong sense of being 'accursed' used in 1 Cor 16:22.
- John 14:23 (thematic): Jesus links love for him to faithful response ('If anyone loves me he will keep my word'); thematically parallels 1 Cor 16:22 where failure to love the Lord is met with condemnation.
- Revelation 22:20 (verbal): The petition 'Come, Lord Jesus' echoes the Aramaic acclamation Maranatha in 1 Cor 16:22—both are short liturgical/eschatological calls for the Lord's coming.
Alternative generated candidates
- If anyone does not love the Lord, let him be accursed. Our Lord, come!
- If anyone does not love the Lord, let him be accursed. Our Lord, come!
1Cor.16.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- χαρις: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- κυριου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- Ιησου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- μεθ᾽υμων: PREP+PRON,gen,pl,2
Parallels
- Romans 16:20 (verbal): Contains the same benedictory formula ('The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all')—an identical closing blessing in Paul’s letters.
- Philippians 4:23 (verbal): Ends the letter with the same phrase ('The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with you all'), parallel wording and function as a Pauline closing benediction.
- Galatians 6:18 (verbal): Paul’s typical closing line ('The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit')—a close verbal variant of the benediction in 1 Cor 16:23.
- Colossians 4:18 (verbal): Paul’s concluding greeting uses the same grace-formula ('The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with you'), reflecting the standard Pauline farewell.
- 2 Thessalonians 3:18 (structural): Final benediction of the letter ('The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all')—serves the same structural function as the closing blessing in 1 Corinthians.
Alternative generated candidates
- The grace of the Lord Jesus be with you. My love is with you all in Christ Jesus.
- The grace of the Lord Jesus be with you.
1Cor.16.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- αγαπη: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- μου: PRON,gen,sg,1
- μετα: PREP
- παντων: ADJ,gen,pl,m
- υμων: PRON,gen,pl,2
- εν: PREP
- Χριστω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- Ιησου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- 2 Corinthians 13:11-14 (structural): Final Pauline farewell that, like 1 Cor 16:24, closes with a blessing wishing grace, love and fellowship to be with the community—a parallel in form and function (communal benediction).
- Ephesians 6:24 (thematic): Speaks of love for the Lord Jesus and a benediction for those who love him; echoes the theme of ‘love…in Christ Jesus’ and the link between love and relationship to Christ.
- 2 Thessalonians 3:18 (verbal): Uses the same closing formula ‘The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all,’ mirroring the succinct Pauline benediction and the ‘with you all’ language.
- Philippians 4:23 (verbal): Another standard Pauline closing—‘The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit’—showing the common benedictory language and Christ-centered farewell found in 1 Cor 16:24.
Alternative generated candidates
- The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit. Amen.
- My love be with you all in Christ Jesus. Amen.
The churches of Asia greet you. Aquila and Priscilla greet you warmly in the Lord, together with the church that meets in their house.
All the brothers greet you. Greet one another with a holy kiss.
I, Paul, write this greeting with my own hand.
If anyone does not love the Lord, let him be accursed. Our Lord, come!
The grace of the Lord Jesus be with you.
My love be with you all in Christ Jesus. Amen.