Preamble and Setting
Deuteronomy 1:1-8
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Deu.1.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- הדברים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- כל: DET
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בעבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הירדן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- במדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בערבה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מול: PREP
- סוף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בין: PREP
- פארן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ובין: CONJ+PREP
- תפל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולבן: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וחצרת: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ודי: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- זהב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 4:44 (structural): Uses the same opening formula (“These are the words…”) framing Moses’ speeches and the law—book’s legal‑historical prologue similar to 1:1’s formulaic introduction.
- Deuteronomy 5:1 (verbal): “Moses called all Israel, and said unto them…” —another explicit statement of Moses addressing the whole assembly, paralleling 1:1’s audience and speech context.
- Numbers 33:50–53 (thematic): God’s command to Moses in the plains of Moab by the Jordan preparing Israel to enter Canaan—comparable geographic/terminus framing for Moses’ final instructions beyond the Jordan.
- Joshua 1:1–2 (allusion): Immediate successor narrative after Moses’ death that also centers on the land beyond the Jordan and the transition to entry into Canaan—continues the geographical and leadership setting introduced in Deut 1:1.
Alternative generated candidates
- These are the words that Moses spoke to all Israel beyond the Jordan, in the wilderness— in the Arabah opposite Suph— between Paran and Tophel, and Laban and Hazeroth and the valley of Zehav.
- These are the words that Moses spoke to all Israel beyond the Jordan, in the wilderness, in the Arabah opposite the Sea of Reeds, between Paran and Tophel, and Laban and Hazeroth and Di‑Zahab.
Deu.1.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
- עשר: NUM,card,m,sg,cons
- יום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מחרב: PREP
- דרך: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הר: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- שעיר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- קדש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ברנע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 33:14–16 (structural): Numbers 33 gives the staged itinerary of Israel's march from Sinai/Horeb toward Canaan, corresponding to Deut 1:2's identification of the route and stopping places (including the approach to Kadesh‑barnea).
- Deut.2:1 (thematic): Continuing the same travel narrative, Deut 2:1–2 describes turning and journeying by the way of the Red Sea and compassing Mount Seir, directly echoing the route through Mount Seir mentioned in Deut 1:2.
- Exodus 3:1 (verbal): Exodus 3:1 locates Moses at Horeb (the mountain of God). Deut 1:2's opening point 'from Horeb' draws on the same traditional name and setting for Sinai/Horeb.
- Numbers 13:26 (verbal): Numbers 13:26 reports the spies' report 'they came to Kadesh‑barnea,' echoing Deut 1:2's destination and connecting the travel report with the later reconnaissance at Kadesh‑barnea.
Alternative generated candidates
- Eleven days' journey from Horeb by the way of Mount Seir to Kadesh‑barnea.
- Eleven days' journey from Horeb by the road of Mount Seir to Kadesh‑barnea.
Deu.1.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- בארבעים: NUM,card,pl,m
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בעשתי: NUM,card,pl,f
- עשר: NUM,card,m,sg,cons
- חדש: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- באחד: PREP
- לחדש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ככל: PREP
- אשר: PRON,rel
- צוה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- אלהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 5:1 (verbal): Similar opening of a public address by Moses—he summons all Israel to hear the law, paralleling the formula of Moses speaking to the people in Deut 1:3.
- Deuteronomy 31:1–2 (structural): Another of Moses' final public speeches to Israel near the end of his life; both passages function as farewell/instructional addresses and prepare the people for what follows.
- Joshua 1:1–2 (thematic): Continues the narrative after Moses' speeches and marks the leadership transition to Joshua; thematically linked by the transfer and enactment of commands Moses delivered.
- Acts 7:37 (allusion): Stephen's speech refers to Moses as the prophet who spoke to Israel on God's behalf, alluding to Moses' role as God's commissioned spokesman exemplified in Deut 1:3.
Alternative generated candidates
- And it came to pass in the fortieth year, in the eleventh month, on the first day of the month, that Moses spoke to the people of Israel, according to all that the LORD had commanded him concerning them.
- It came to pass in the fortieth year, on the first day of the eleventh month, that Moses addressed the people of Israel, just as the LORD had commanded him concerning them.
Deu.1.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אחרי: PREP
- הכתו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- סיחן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- האמרי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יושב: VERB,qal,ptcp,1,m,sg
- בחשבון: PREP
- ואת: CONJ
- עוג: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- הבשן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יושב: VERB,qal,ptcp,1,m,sg
- בעשתרת: PREP
- באדרעי: PREP
Parallels
- Numbers 21:21–35 (verbal): Full narrative of Israel's battles with Sihon and Og, mentioning Heshbon, Ashtaroth and Edrei and describing the defeat recorded briefly in Deut 1:4.
- Deuteronomy 3:1–11 (structural): Deuteronomy's extended retelling of the conquest of Og king of Bashan (Ashtaroth, Edrei), expanding on the brief reference in 1:4 and giving details of the victory and territory taken.
- Joshua 12:2–4 (structural): Joshua's summary list of kings defeated by Moses and the Israelites includes Sihon of Heshbon and Og of Bashan (Ashtaroth, Edrei), paralleling Deut 1:4's mention in a conquest catalogue.
- Deuteronomy 2:32–37 (thematic): Immediate Deuteronomic context that recounts Israel's defeat of Sihon at Heshbon and the acquisition of his land—directly parallels the event referenced tersely in 1:4.
Alternative generated candidates
- After he had struck down Sihon king of the Amorites who dwelt at Heshbon, and Og king of Bashan who dwelt at Ashtaroth in Edrei,
- After he had struck down Sihon king of the Amorites, who lived at Heshbon, and Og king of Bashan, who lived at Ashtaroth in Edrei.
Deu.1.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בעבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הירדן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- מואב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- הואיל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- באר: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- התורה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- הזאת: DEM,f,sg,def
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 1:1 (structural): Opening preface to Moses' speeches — same geographic/time framing (on this side of the Jordan, in the land of Moab) and introduction to the body of instruction that follows.
- Deuteronomy 5:1 (verbal): Moses summons Israel and begins to speak the law (’And Moses called all Israel, and said unto them’), echoing the act of opening and expounding the law in 1:5.
- Exodus 24:3 (verbal): ‘Moses came and told the people all the words of the LORD’ — parallels the function of Moses as the one who declares and sets forth the law to the people.
- Deuteronomy 31:9 (structural): ‘Moses wrote this law, and delivered it unto the priests…’ — connects the phrase ‘this law’ and the formal transmission/writing of the law that 1:5 introduces and begins to expound.
Alternative generated candidates
- on this side the Jordan in the land of Moab, Moses began to expound this law, saying,
- Beyond the Jordan, in the land of Moab, Moses began to expound this law, saying:
Deu.1.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:1,pl
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלינו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
- בחרב: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- רב: ADJ,m,sg
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- שבת: VERB,qal,inf
- בהר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
Parallels
- Exodus 3:1, 7-10 (allusion): God speaks to Moses at Horeb (Sinai) and commissions him to act on Israel's behalf—same location and divine speaking event recalled in Deut 1:6.
- Exodus 19:1-25 (thematic): Theophany and covenant at Sinai/Horeb where God speaks to Israel from the mountain; sets the scene for God's summons to move on from the mountain in Deut 1:6.
- Numbers 10:11-12 (verbal): Narrative of Israel breaking camp and setting out from the mountain of the LORD (Sinai/Horeb) — a direct parallel to the command to leave the mountain.
- Deuteronomy 5:2-3 (quotation): Moses’ later summary of the covenant made with Israel at Horeb/Sinai; the same Horeb tradition is invoked within Deuteronomy’s retelling.
- Joshua 1:2-3 (thematic): God’s command to Joshua to advance into the promised land after Moses’ death—continues the theme of leaving encamping places and entering the land that began with the departure from Horeb.
Alternative generated candidates
- "The LORD our God spoke to us at Horeb, saying, ‘You have stayed long enough at this mountain.
- The LORD our God spoke to us at Horeb, saying, “You have stayed long enough at this mountain.
Deu.1.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- פנו: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,pl
- וסעו: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,pl
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- ובאו: VERB,qal,imp,2,mp
- הר: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- האמרי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- כל: DET
- שכניו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:3,m,sg
- בערבה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- בהר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- ובשפלה: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- ובנגב: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- ובחוף: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הכנעני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
- והלבנון: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- עד: PREP
- הנהר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הגדל: ADJ,m,sg,def
- נהר: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- פרת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Joshua 1:4 (verbal): Almost identical boundary formula—'from the wilderness and this Lebanon even unto the great river, the river Euphrates'—as the land promise given to Joshua.
- Exodus 23:31 (verbal): God sets territorial limits for Israel, using similar geographic markers (wilderness/Lebanon/Euphrates) in describing the borders He will give and secure.
- Genesis 15:18 (allusion): The Abrahamic covenant grants land 'from the river of Egypt unto the great river, the river Euphrates,' an earlier promise that undergirds later boundary statements.
- Numbers 34:1-12 (structural): Moses presents detailed instructions for the land's borders and tribal allotments; thematically and functionally parallels Deut.'s command to advance into the promised territory.
- Deuteronomy 11:24 (thematic): A parallel Deuteronomic promise: every place your foot treads will be yours, with similar geographic sweep (from the desert to Lebanon to the Euphrates), emphasizing possession of the land.
Alternative generated candidates
- Turn and set out, and go to the hill country of the Amorite and to all his neighbors in the Arabah— in the hill country, in the lowland, in the Negeb, and along the seacoast— the land of the Canaanites and Lebanon, as far as the great river, the River Euphrates.'"
- Turn and set out; go to the hill country of the Amorites and to all their neighbors in the Arabah, in the hill country, in the plain, in the Negeb, and along the seacoast—the land of the Canaanites and Lebanon—up to the great river, the River Euphrates.”
Deu.1.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ראה: VERB,qal,imperat,2,m,sg
- נתתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- לפניכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- באו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- ורשו: CONJ+VERB,qal,imp,2,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- נשבע: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לאבתיכם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cons+PRON,2,m,pl
- לאברהם: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ליצחק: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וליעקב: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לתת: VERB,qal,inf
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- ולזרעם: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
- אחריהם: PREP,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Genesis 15:18-21 (thematic): God’s covenantal grant of the land to Abram’s descendants with defined boundaries — the foundational promise that Deut 1:8 invokes.
- Genesis 17:8 (verbal): “I will give to you and to your offspring” — a direct promise to Abraham and his seed that echoes Deut 1:8’s reference to the oath to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.
- Exodus 6:8 (verbal): Uses almost identical wording: God will bring Israel into the land he swore to give to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob — a close verbal parallel to Deut 1:8.
- Joshua 1:2-3 (structural): The commission to Joshua to ‘go in and possess the land’ that the LORD is giving continues and realizes the same command and promise found in Deut 1:8.
- Deuteronomy 6:10 (allusion): An internal Deuteronomic recapitulation: when the LORD brings you into the good land he swore to give your fathers — same theme and covenantal language as Deut 1:8.
Alternative generated candidates
- Behold, I have set the land before you; go in and take possession of the land which the LORD swore to your fathers, to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, to give to them and to their offspring after them.
- See, I have set the land before you; go in and take possession of the land that the LORD swore to your fathers—to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob—to give them and to their descendants after them.
These are the words that Moses spoke to all Israel beyond the Jordan in the wilderness, in the Arabah opposite Suph, between Paran and Tophel, and Laban and Hazeroth and the Valley of Gold.
Eleven days' journey from Horeb by the way of Mount Seir to Kadesh‑barnea. And it came to pass in the fortieth year, in the eleventh month, on the first day of the month, that Moses spoke to the people of Israel, according to all that the LORD had commanded him concerning them.
After he had struck down Sihon king of the Amorites, who lived at Heshbon, and Og king of Bashan, who lived at Ashtaroth in Edrei,
on the other side of the Jordan, in the land of Moab, Moses began to expound this law, saying:
The LORD our God spoke to us at Horeb, saying, 'You have stayed long enough at this mountain.
'Turn and set out, and go to the hill country of the Amorite and to all his neighbors in the Arabah, in the hill country and in the Shephelah and in the Negeb and by the seacoast, the land of the Canaanite and Lebanon, as far as the great river, the River Euphrates.'
Behold, I have set the land before you; go in and take possession of the land that the LORD swore to your fathers, to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, to give to them and to their offspring after them.