Jesus Predicts His Death Again
Luke 18:31-34
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Luke.18.31 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Παραλαβων: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- δωδεκα: NUM,acc,pl,m
- ειπεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- προς: PREP
- αυτους·Ιδου: PRON,acc,pl,m
- αναβαινομεν: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,pl
- εις: PREP
- Ιερουσαλημ: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- τελεσθησεται: VERB,fut,pass,ind,3,sg
- παντα: ADJ,nom,pl,n
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- γεγραμμενα: VERB,perf,pass,part,acc,pl,n
- δια: PREP
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- προφητων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- υιω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- ανθρωπου·: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Matthew 20:18-19 (verbal): Near-verbal Synoptic parallel: Jesus foretells going up to Jerusalem and that the Son of Man will be handed over, suffer, be killed, and be raised — closely matching Luke’s prediction of fulfillment of what the prophets wrote.
- Mark 10:33-34 (verbal): Another close Synoptic parallel giving the same itinerary and passion summary for the Son of Man (delivery, mockery, death, and resurrection), mirroring Luke’s announcement.
- Luke 9:22 (thematic): Earlier Lukan passion prediction: Jesus tells the disciples the Son of Man must suffer, be killed, and be raised — thematically anticipates the same fulfillment of prophetic writings in Luke 18:31.
- Luke 24:44 (allusion): Post‑resurrection Lukan reflection: Jesus explains that everything written in the Law, Prophets, and Psalms concerning him must be fulfilled, echoing Luke 18:31’s reference to what is written by the prophets about the Son of Man.
- Isaiah 53:3-10 (thematic): Key prophetic passage about the suffering servant whose wounds, suffering, and death bring vindication — a primary example of the prophetic material Jesus claims will be fulfilled concerning the Son of Man.
Alternative generated candidates
- Taking the twelve aside, he said to them, 'Behold, we are going up to Jerusalem, and all that is written by the prophets concerning the Son of Man will be accomplished.'
- And taking the twelve, he said to them, "Behold, we are going up to Jerusalem, and all that is written by the prophets concerning the Son of Man will be fulfilled."
Luke.18.32 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- παραδοθησεται: VERB,fut,pass,ind,3,sg
- γαρ: PART
- τοις: ART,dat,pl,n
- εθνεσιν: NOUN,dat,pl,n
- και: CONJ
- εμπαιχθησεται: VERB,fut,pass,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- υβρισθησεται: VERB,fut,pass,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- εμπτυσθησεται: VERB,fut,pass,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- Mark 10:34 (verbal): Near-verbal parallel prediction: Jesus says he will be delivered to the Gentiles, mocked, spit on, flogged and killed—matching Luke’s sequence of handing over, mockery, abuse and spitting.
- Matthew 20:19 (verbal): Synoptic parallel to Luke’s prediction (handed over to the Gentiles, mocked, flogged and killed); similar wording and order of mistreatment.
- Isaiah 50:6 (allusion): Suffering Servant language—'I gave my back to those who strike me; my face I did not hide from shame and spitting'—echoed by Jesus’ prediction of abuse and spitting.
- Psalm 22:7-8 (allusion): The psalm depicts derision and mockery of the righteous sufferer ('All who see me mock me... they wag their heads'), thematically paralleling Jesus’ predicted ridicule and insults.
- John 19:3 (structural): Narrative fulfillment scene where Jesus is mocked and spat upon by soldiers; this episode shows the realized outcome of Luke’s predicted mockery and spitting.
Alternative generated candidates
- For he will be handed over to the Gentiles; they will mock him, insult him, and spit upon him,
- For he will be handed over to the nations; and they will mock him, insult him, and spit upon him; they will scourge him and put him to death; and on the third day he will rise.
Luke.18.33 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- μαστιγωσαντες: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,pl,m
- αποκτενουσιν: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,pl
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- ημερα: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- τριτη: ADJ,nom,sg,f
- αναστησεται: VERB,fut,mid,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- Mark 10:34 (verbal): Parallel passion prediction with nearly identical wording: Jesus will be scourged, killed, and will rise on the third day.
- Matthew 20:19 (verbal): Synoptic parallel to Luke 18:33, predicting scourging, death, and resurrection on the third day.
- Luke 9:22 (structural): An earlier Lukan prediction of the Son of Man's suffering, death, and rising on the third day—same prophetic pattern within Luke's Gospel.
- 1 Corinthians 15:4 (thematic): Early creedal statement affirming that Christ 'was raised on the third day,' reflecting the resurrection motif found in Luke 18:33.
- Hosea 6:2 (allusion): OT verse 'after two days he will revive us; on the third day he will raise us up' frequently seen as a foreshadowing/allusion to New Testament references to resurrection on the third day.
Alternative generated candidates
- they will scourge him and put him to death, and on the third day he will rise.
- But they understood none of these things. The meaning of the saying was hidden from them, and they did not grasp what was said.
Luke.18.34 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- αυτοι: PRON,nom,pl,3
- ουδεν: PRON,acc,sg,n
- τουτων: PRON,gen,pl,m
- συνηκαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- και: CONJ
- ην: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- ρημα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- τουτο: PRON,nom,sg,n
- κεκρυμμενον: PART,perf,pass,nom,sg,n
- απ᾽αυτων: PREP+PRON,gen,pl,3
- και: CONJ
- ουκ: PART,neg
- εγινωσκον: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,pl
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- λεγομενα: PART,pres,pass,acc,pl,n
Parallels
- Luke 9:45 (verbal): Nearly identical language: Jesus' saying was hidden from the disciples and they did not understand—occurs earlier when he predicts his death/transfiguration context.
- Mark 9:32 (verbal): Mark uses similar wording—'they did not understand this saying'—after an earlier prediction of Jesus' passion, showing the disciples' inability to grasp the meaning.
- John 12:16 (thematic): Notes that the disciples did not understand these things at first but later remembered when Jesus was glorified, thematically linking initial hiddenness with later realization.
- Luke 24:45 (structural): Contrasts Lk 18:34 by narrating the reversal: after the resurrection Jesus 'opened their minds to understand the Scriptures,' resolving the earlier concealment.
Alternative generated candidates
- But they understood none of these things. This saying was hidden from them, and they did not grasp what was spoken.
- And they kept silent, for they did not understand it; the word was hidden from them and was withheld from them.
Then taking the twelve, Jesus said to them, 'See, we are going up to Jerusalem, and everything that is written about the Son of Man by the prophets will be fulfilled.'
'For he will be delivered over to the Gentiles, and they will mock him, insult him, and spit upon him.'
'After they have scourged him, they will put him to death; and on the third day he will rise.' But they understood none of these things; this saying was hidden from them, and they did not grasp what was said.