From Adam to Noah
Genesis 5:1-32
Gen.5.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
- ספר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תולדת: NOUN,f,pl,const
- אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ביום: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ברא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בדמות: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- עשה: VERB,qal,ptc,m,sg
- אתו: PRT+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Gen.1:26-27 (verbal): Uses the same language that God created mankind in his image/likeness — Genesis 5:1 echoes and restates the creation-in-the-image formula from Gen 1.
- Gen.2:7 (thematic): Also narrates the creation of man (formed from dust and given life), connecting Genesis 5:1’s reference to the day God created Adam with the Genesis 2 account of formation and life-breathing.
- Gen.9:6 (thematic): Appeals to the fact that God made human beings in his image as the basis for the prohibition against murder, presupposing the same theological claim expressed in Gen 5:1.
- Ps.8:4-6 (allusion): Develops the theme of human dignity under God — man’s honored place and likeness to the divine (’a little lower than God/angels’) resonates with the image-of-God motif in Gen 5:1.
- Col.3:10 (allusion): New Testament use of the image-of-the-creator language (the 'new self' renewed to the image of its Creator) echoes and reinterprets the Genesis claim about humanity’s likeness to God.
Alternative generated candidates
- This is the book of the generations of Adam. On the day God created Adam, he made him in the likeness of God.
- This is the book of the generations of Adam. In the day God created Adam, he made him in the likeness of God.
Gen.5.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- זכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ונקבה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בראם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg,suff:3,m,pl
- ויברך: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אתם: PRT+PRON,3,m,pl
- ויקרא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- את: PRT
- שמם: NOUN,m,sg,abs,suff:3,m,pl
- אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ביום: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הבראם: REL+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg,suff:3,m,pl
Parallels
- Genesis 1:27 (verbal): Uses the same formula 'male and female he created them,' linking 5:2's summary statement to the creation account in Gen 1.
- Genesis 1:28 (verbal): Immediately follows the creation formula in Gen 1 with God's blessing of the human pair; 5:2 likewise mentions blessing, connecting both passages thematically to the divine blessing of humanity.
- Genesis 2:21-23 (thematic): In the Eden narrative the woman is formed and named, and the man names her; Gen 5:2's naming of both as 'Adam' reflects a related theme of naming and the collective identity of humankind.
- Matthew 19:4-6 (quotation): Jesus cites the Genesis creation formula ('from the beginning... male and female he made them') to ground his teaching on marriage, directly echoing the same creation tradition behind Gen 5:2.
- 1 Corinthians 11:8-9 (allusion): Paul appeals to the order of creation—man from woman and woman for man—recalling the creation framework (male and female) and the theological significance attached to humanity's origins found in passages like Gen 5:2.
Alternative generated candidates
- Male and female he created them, and he blessed them and called their name Adam on the day they were created.
- Male and female he created them, and he blessed them, and he called their name Adam on the day they were created.
Gen.5.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויחי: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלשים: NUM,card
- ומאת: NUM,card
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויולד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בדמותו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- כצלמו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ויקרא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- את: PRT
- שמו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- שת: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 1:27 (verbal): Uses the same language of being made 'in the likeness'/'in the image'—Genesis 5:3 echoes the creation formula when describing Adam's offspring 'in his likeness, after his image.'
- Genesis 5:1-2 (verbal): The opening of the genealogy recapitulates the creation statement ('male and female created he them' and 'in the image of God'), linking Adam and his descendants through the image/likeness motif found in 5:3.
- Genesis 4:25 (thematic): Reports the birth and naming of Seth as a replacement for Abel; 5:3 repeats Seth's birth and name, connecting the genealogy to the narrative purpose of Seth's birth.
- Luke 3:38 (allusion): The New Testament genealogy concludes with 'Adam, which was the son of God,' highlighting Adam as progenitor—Luke's focus on Adam echoes Genesis 5:3's presentation of Adam and his offspring.
- 1 Corinthians 15:45-49 (thematic): Paul's contrast between the 'first Adam' (earthly) and the 'last Adam' (heavenly) treats Adam as the foundational ancestor; Genesis 5:3 situates Seth within that Adamic line that becomes the basis for such theological typologies.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Adam lived 130 years, and he fathered a son in his likeness, according to his image, and he called his name Seth.
- And Adam lived one hundred thirty years, and he begot a son in his likeness, according to his image; and he called his name Seth.
Gen.5.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהיו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- ימי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחרי: PREP
- הולידו: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT
- שת: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- שמנה: NUM,card,m,sg
- מאת: NUM,card,f,sg
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויולד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ובנות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- Gen.4:25 (verbal): Direct account of Seth's birth — 'and she bore a son and named him Seth' — the event to which Gen 5:4 refers.
- Gen.5:3 (verbal): Immediate preceding genealogy formula: Adam fathers a son (Seth) 'in his likeness,' linking the birth mentioned in 5:4 to Adam's age and parenthood.
- Gen.5:5 (structural): Concluding statement of Adam's lifespan ('all the days that Adam lived were 930 years'), completing the same unit of genealogy that includes the post‑Seth years noted in 5:4.
- Gen.5:6 (structural): Parallel genealogical formula applied to Seth ('And Seth lived after he begot Enosh 807 years, and begot sons and daughters'), repeating the pattern found in Gen 5:4.
- Gen.5:8 (structural): Concludes Seth's entry with his total years lived, mirroring how Gen 5:4 is incorporated into the life‑summary pattern of Genesis 5.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the days of Adam after he fathered Seth were 800 years, and he fathered sons and daughters.
- And the days of Adam after he begot Seth were eight hundred years; and he begot sons and daughters.
Gen.5.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהיו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- ימי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- חי: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- תשע: NUM,card,f,sg
- מאות: NUM,card,f,pl
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ושלשים: CONJ+NUM,card,m,pl
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וימת: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Genesis 5:8 (verbal): Repeats the same epitaph formula (“All the days ... and he died”) and records another antediluvian patriarch’s long lifespan (Seth, 912 years).
- Genesis 5:27 (verbal): Uses the identical genealogical death formula for Methuselah (969 years), reinforcing the pattern of extraordinarily long pre‑Flood lifespans.
- Genesis 5:24 (structural): Occurs within the same genealogy but breaks the usual formula: Enoch does not die (“for God took him”), providing a structural contrast to the repeated “and he died” line.
- Genesis 9:29 (verbal): After the Flood the same death‑summary formula appears for Noah (950 years), showing continuity of the epitaphic pattern for patriarchal ages.
- Psalm 90:10 (thematic): Contrasts Genesis’ antediluvian longevities by reflecting on normal human life‑span and mortality (“the days of our years are threescore years and ten”), highlighting the theme of human brevity.
Alternative generated candidates
- And all the days of Adam that he lived were 930 years, and he died.
- And all the days of Adam that he lived were nine hundred thirty years; and he died.
Gen.5.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויחי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- שת: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- חמש: NUM,card,m,sg
- שנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ומאת: CONJ+NUM,card,f,sg
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויולד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT
- אנוש: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 5:3 (structural): Same genealogical formula — Adam's age at begetting and the phrase 'begot' introducing the next generation (pattern repeated throughout Genesis 5).
- Genesis 5:9 (structural): Repeats the formula for Enosh himself ('Enosh lived X years and begot Kenan'), showing the consistent genealogical structure of Genesis 5.
- Genesis 11:10 (structural): Post‑Flood genealogy uses the same age‑and‑begetting formula ('Shem was X years old and begot Arphaxad'), paralleling Genesis 5's genealogical pattern.
- 1 Chronicles 1:1–2 (verbal): Chronicles echoes the same line of descent (Adam, Seth, Enosh), directly repeating the names found in Genesis 5.6.
- Luke 3:38 (allusion): New Testament genealogy names Enos (Enosh) in the line linking Jesus back to Adam, alluding to the Genesis genealogical sequence and its theological significance.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Seth lived 105 years, and he fathered Enosh.
- And Seth lived one hundred five years and begot Enosh.
Gen.5.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויחי: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- שת: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אחרי: PREP
- הולידו: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT
- אנוש: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- שבע: NUM,card
- שנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ושמנה: CONJ+NUM,card
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויולד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ובנות: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- Gen.5.3 (structural): Same genealogical formula introducing a son (Adam fathers Seth): 'When X had lived Y years, he fathered…'—establishes the pattern continued in 5:7.
- Gen.5.8 (verbal): Immediate continuation of Seth's life-span formula: repeats the language of living 'after he fathered Enosh' and having 'other sons and daughters,' concluding with total years.
- Gen.5.11 (verbal): Enosh's corresponding entry in the same chapter uses the identical formula ('lived after he fathered… years and had other sons and daughters'), showing the recurring genealogical refrain.
- Gen.11.10-11 (structural): Post-Flood genealogy (Shem → Arphaxad) employs the same 'when he had lived X years he fathered Y; he lived after he fathered Y Z years and had other sons and daughters' formula.
- Gen.1.28 (thematic): The command to 'be fruitful and multiply' thematically echoes the notice that Seth 'begot sons and daughters,' linking genealogical growth to the creation mandate.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Seth lived after he fathered Enosh 807 years, and he fathered sons and daughters.
- And Seth lived after he begot Enosh eight hundred seven years, and he begot sons and daughters.
Gen.5.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהיו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- ימי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- שת: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- שתים: NUM,f,sg,abs
- עשרה: NUM,m,sg,abs
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ותשע: CONJ+NUM,f,sg,abs
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וימת: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Genesis 5:5 (verbal): Same genealogical life formula ('And all the days of X were Y years, and he died'); here applied to Adam, showing the recurring formulaic pattern in Genesis 5.
- Genesis 5:11 (verbal): Another occurrence of the identical lifespan formula for Enosh, reinforcing the repetitive structuring of the pre‑Flood genealogy.
- Genesis 5:24 (thematic): Enoch's entry contrasts with Seth's—Enoch 'walked with God; and he was not, for God took him'—providing a theological counterpoint to the standard 'and he died' formula.
- Genesis 5:27 (verbal): Methuselah's lifespan uses the same formula but with the maximum age (969 years), highlighting variations within the same verbal pattern in the genealogy.
- Genesis 11:10 (structural): Post‑Flood genealogical formula (Shem's age at birth and remaining years) shows a related but distinct genealogical structuring in Genesis 11, offering a structural parallel to Genesis 5's lists.
Alternative generated candidates
- And all the days of Seth were 912 years, and he died.
- And all the days of Seth were nine hundred twelve years; and he died.
Gen.5.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויחי: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,sg
- אנוש: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- תשעים: NUM,card,m,pl
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויולד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT
- קינן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 5:6 (verbal): Same genealogical formula ("lived X years and begot Y"); immediately precedes 5:9 and records Enosh's birth from Seth, paralleling 5:9's record of Enosh as father of Kenan.
- Genesis 5:12 (verbal): Continues the identical birth formula for Kenan (Cainan) begetting Mahalalel, showing the repeated verbal pattern within the Genesis 5 genealogy.
- Genesis 5:1-32 (structural): The entire chapter presents a systematic patriarchal genealogy using the recurring formula found in 5:9 (age, begetting, later years, and death), placing Enosh–Kenan within this structural framework.
- 1 Chronicles 1:1-2 (structural): Chronicles preserves the same ancestral sequence (Adam, Seth, Enosh, Kenan), reflecting the Genesis genealogical tradition and its ordering of these names.
- Luke 3:37 (verbal): The Lucan genealogy of Jesus lists Kenan (Cainan) in sequence with Enosh and Seth, echoing the same names and order found in Genesis 5:9 (demonstrating transmission of the ancestral line).
Alternative generated candidates
- And Enosh lived 90 years, and he fathered Kenan.
- And Enosh lived ninety years and begot Kenan.
Gen.5.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויחי: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- אנוש: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אחרי: PREP
- הולידו: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT
- קינן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חמש: NUM,card
- עשרה: NUM,card
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ושמנה: NUM,card
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויולד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ובנות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 5:6 (verbal): Same genealogical formula: Seth ‘lived after he begot Enosh’ X years and ‘begot sons and daughters’ — parallels the pattern of recording post‑birth years and progeny in Genesis 5.
- Genesis 5:12 (verbal): Immediate successor Kenan’s entry uses the identical wording and structure (Kenan’s post‑begetting years, total years, and ‘begot sons and daughters’), showing the repetitive genealogy formula of chapter 5.
- Genesis 5:18 (verbal): Mahalalel’s genealogy follows the same chronological and verbal pattern (age when he fathered the next generation, total lifespan, and offspring), paralleling Enosh’s entry as part of the chapter’s uniform genealogy.
- Genesis 4:26 (thematic): Mentions Enosh/’Enos’ in the context of people beginning to ‘call on the name of the LORD’ — thematically connects to the person Enosh named in Gen 5:10 and to developments in his generation.
- Luke 3:37–38 (structural): New Testament genealogy traces Jesus’ lineage back through Enos/Enosh (and Seth, Adam), echoing the Genesis 5 genealogical sequence and preserving the same ancestral names.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Enosh lived after he fathered Kenan 815 years, and he fathered sons and daughters.
- And Enosh lived after he begot Kenan eight hundred fifteen years, and he begot sons and daughters.
Gen.5.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהיו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- ימי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- אנוש: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- חמש: NUM,card,f
- שנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ותשע: NUM,card,f
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וימת: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Gen.5:5 (verbal): Same genealogical formula — “And all the days of ___ were ___ years; and he died.” (Adam’s lifespan), showing the recurring death formula in Genesis 5.
- Gen.5:8 (structural): Another immediate parallel in the Seth genealogy (Seth’s life and death) using the same phrasing and structural pattern as Enosh’s entry.
- Gen.5:24 (thematic): Contrasts with Enosh’s death: Enoch’s entry breaks the repeated ‘and he died’ formula (Enoch ‘walked with God; and he was not; for God took him’), highlighting exception to the pattern of death.
- Gen.6:3 (thematic): God’s statement about limiting human lifespans to 120 years provides a later theological comment on human longevity and mortality in the antediluvian context.
- Ps.90:10 (thematic): Psalms’ reflection on the brevity and limits of human life (‘the days of our years are threescore years and ten…’) echoes the Genesis concern with human lifespan and mortality.
Alternative generated candidates
- And all the days of Enosh were 905 years, and he died.
- And all the days of Enosh were nine hundred five years; and he died.
Gen.5.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויחי: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- קינן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שבעים: NUM,card,pl,abs
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויולד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT
- מהללאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 5:9 (verbal): Same genealogical formula: 'And he lived X years, and begot Y' (Enosh is born to Seth after Seth's years).
- Genesis 5:15 (verbal): Repeats the identical life-and-begetting wording for Jared ('And Jared lived X years, and begot Enoch').
- Genesis 5:18 (verbal): Another instance of the formula in the same antediluvian genealogy (Enoch's birth statement), highlighting the patterned list of descendants.
- Genesis 5:25 (verbal): Methuselah's birth statement uses the same language ('And he lived X years, and begot Lamech'), showing the repetitive structuring of Gen 5.
- Genesis 11:12 (structural): Postdiluvian genealogy repeats the same life-and-begetting formula (Arphaxad's birth), indicating a common structural device in Genesis’ genealogies.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Kenan lived 70 years, and he fathered Mahalalel.
- And Kenan lived seventy years and begot Mahalalel.
Gen.5.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויחי: VERB,qal,imf,3,m,sg
- קינן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחרי: PREP
- הולידו: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT
- מהללאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ארבעים: NUM,card
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ושמנה: NUM,card
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויולד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ובנות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 5:6 (verbal): Uses the same genealogical formula (“lived after he begot… years, and begot sons and daughters”) for Seth—shows the recurring pattern of post‑begetting lifespans in the antediluvian genealogy.
- Genesis 5:9 (verbal): Enosh’s entry repeats the identical wording and structure (lived after he begot Cainan … years and begot sons and daughters), highlighting the iterative genealogy through the line that includes Kenan.
- Genesis 5:15 (verbal): Mahalalel’s verse follows the same formula (lived after he begot Jared … years and begot sons and daughters); Mahalalel is the son mentioned in Gen 5:13, so this is the immediate next generational parallel.
- Genesis 5:17 (verbal): Jared’s entry continues the same patriarchal/chronological formula (lived after he begot Enoch … years and begot sons and daughters), demonstrating the consistent structural pattern of Genesis 5’s genealogy.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Kenan lived after he fathered Mahalalel 840 years, and he fathered sons and daughters.
- And Kenan lived after he begot Mahalalel eight hundred forty years, and he begot sons and daughters.
Gen.5.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהיו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- ימי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- קינן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עשר: NUM,card,f,sg
- שנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ותשע: CONJ,NUM,card,f,sg
- מאות: NUM,card,pl,f
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וימת: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Genesis 5:8 (verbal): Seth's entry uses the identical genealogical formula (“all the days of Seth were nine hundred and twelve years; and he died”), showing the repeated lifespan-and-death pattern in Genesis 5.
- Genesis 5:11 (verbal): Enosh is recorded with the same wording and a similar extreme lifespan (“all the days of Enosh were nine hundred and five years; and he died”), paralleling Kenan’s entry in form and theme.
- Genesis 5:27 (verbal): Methuselah’s age (“nine hundred and sixty‑nine years; and he died”) follows the same genealogical formula and highlights the pattern of very long pre‑Flood lifespans.
- Genesis 9:29 (verbal): Noah’s death is reported with the same structural formula (“all the days of Noah were nine hundred and fifty years; and he died”), linking the genealogical death‑formula across Genesis and into the post‑Flood narrative.
- Psalm 90:10 (thematic): A thematic contrast on human lifespan and mortality (“the days of our years are threescore years and ten”), which sharpens the difference between typical human longevity and the extreme ages given in Genesis 5.
Alternative generated candidates
- And all the days of Kenan were 910 years, and he died.
- And all the days of Kenan were nine hundred ten years; and he died.
Gen.5.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויחי: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מהללאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חמש: NUM,f,sg,abs
- שנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- וששים: NUM,m,sg,abs
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויולד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT
- ירד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 5:12 (verbal): Same genealogical formula (“and he lived X years, and begot Y”) used earlier in Genesis 5 (Enosh/Keinan), showing the pattern of age-at-begetting entries in the antediluvian genealogy.
- Genesis 5:18 (verbal): Another occurrence of the identical formula (Jared/Enoch: “and he lived 162 years, and begot Enoch”), demonstrating the recurring structural wording of Genesis 5’s lineage list.
- Genesis 5:21 (verbal): Enoch’s entry follows the same wording and notably gives the same age (65) at begetting as Mahalalel, a verbal and numeric parallel within the genealogy.
- 1 Chronicles 1:2-4 (structural): Later Old Testament genealogy that repeats the sequence of names from Adam through Mahalalel and his descendants, echoing and summarizing the Genesis 5 lineage.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Mahalalel lived 65 years, and he fathered Jared.
- And Mahalalel lived sixty-five years and begot Jared.
Gen.5.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויחי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- מהללאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחרי: PREP
- הולידו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT
- ירד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלשים: NUM,card,pl
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ושמנה: NUM,card,sg
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויולד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ובנות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 5:3 (verbal): Uses the same genealogical formula "lived after he begot... and begot sons and daughters" applied to Adam/Seth, showing the repeated pattern in Gen 5.
- Genesis 5:18 (verbal): Another immediate parallel in the chapter (Jared/Enoch) that repeats the identical life‑after‑begetting formula and structure.
- Genesis 5:28–31 (thematic): Lamech and the birth of Noah — continues the same genealogy in which Mahalalel is an ancestor, linking Mahalalel's begetting to the line that culminates in Noah.
- 1 Chronicles 1:2–4 (structural): Chronicles preserves the same lineage (Seth → Enosh → Kenan → Mahalalel → Jared → Enoch → Methuselah → Lamech → Noah), repeating the genealogical sequence.
- Luke 3:36–37 (allusion): The New Testament genealogy in Luke echoes the same ancestral line (including Mahalalel), alluding back to the Genesis genealogical tradition.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Mahalalel lived after he fathered Jared 830 years, and he fathered sons and daughters.
- And Mahalalel lived after he begot Jared eight hundred thirty years, and he begot sons and daughters.
Gen.5.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהיו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- ימי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- מהללאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חמש: NUM
- ותשעים: NUM,m,pl
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ושמנה: NUM
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וימת: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Genesis 5:27 (structural): Uses the identical genealogical formula (“All the days of X were Y years; and he died”) in the same chapter to record the long antediluvian lifespan of another patriarch (Methuselah), showing the repeated structural pattern in Genesis 5.
- Genesis 5:8 (structural): Another instance within the Genesis 5 genealogy that follows the same formulaic summary of a patriarch’s total years and death (Enosh), illustrating the chapter’s repeated structural pattern for lifespans.
- Genesis 9:29 (structural): After the flood, Noah’s life is summarized with the same formula (“All the days of Noah were nine hundred and fifty years; and he died”), linking Genesis 5’s lifespan formula to Genesis 9 and the broader narrative of generational summaries.
- Genesis 6:3 (thematic): God’s declaration about limiting human lifespan (“My spirit shall not always abide... yet his days shall be an hundred and twenty years”) thematically engages the long lifespans recorded in Genesis 5 and signals a theological change in human longevity.
- Psalm 90:10 (thematic): A later scriptural reflection on human mortality and the brevity of life (“The days of our years are threescore years and ten”), which thematically contrasts the enormous antediluvian ages recorded in Genesis 5 and meditates on human transience.
Alternative generated candidates
- And all the days of Mahalalel were 895 years, and he died.
- And all the days of Mahalalel were eight hundred ninety-five years; and he died.
Gen.5.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויחי: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ירד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שתים: NUM,card,2
- וששים: NUM,card,60
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ומאת: NUM,card,100
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויולד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT
- חנוך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 5:15 (verbal): Immediate predecessor in the same genealogy using the identical formula ('X lived Y years and begot Z'); Mahalalel fathers Jared, mirroring the begetting formula that introduces Jared's son Enoch.
- Genesis 5:21–24 (thematic): Direct sequel focused on Enoch — the son born to Jared — describing his special life ('Enoch walked with God; then he was no more'), highlighting the significance of the birth recorded in 5:18.
- Luke 3:36–37 (structural): New Testament genealogy that includes Jared and Enoch, echoing Genesis' genealogical sequence and integrating Jared's line into Jesus' ancestral list.
- Jude 1:14–15 (quotation): Refers to 'Enoch, the seventh from Adam' and his prophecy; a New Testament citation of the Enoch tradition that links back to Enoch as Jared's son.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Jared lived 162 years, and he fathered Enoch.
- And Jared lived one hundred sixty-two years and begot Enoch.
Gen.5.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויחי: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- ירד: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אחרי: PREP
- הולידו: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT
- חנוך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שמנה: NUM,m,sg
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויולד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ובנות: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- Gen.5:6 (verbal): Same genealogical formula: "and he lived after he begot... years, and begot sons and daughters," showing the repetitive structure of Genesis 5 (here applied to Seth).
- Gen.5:23-24 (thematic): Direct continuation of Jared's line — Enoch (the son mentioned in Gen 5:19) is later described as one who "walked with God; and he was not, for God took him," highlighting the significance of the offspring born to Jared.
- Gen.5:25 (verbal): Another instance of the recurring phrasing in the patriarchal genealogy (here for Methuselah): "and he lived after he begot... years," underlining the chapter's formulaic account of age, begetting, and continuation of descendants.
- Gen.5:28-29 (thematic): Lamech's words about Noah (born later in the same genealogy) connect the motif of begetting children in Gen 5 to the coming deliverance/hope embodied in descendants — a thematic development of the chapter's focus on offspring and future.
- 1 Chronicles 1:2-4 (structural): A later biblical recapitulation of the same ancestral line (Adam → Seth → Enosh → Kenan → Mahalalel → Jared), showing how the Genesis 5 genealogy is echoed and preserved in Chronicles' structural lineage lists.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Jared lived after he fathered Enoch 800 years, and he fathered sons and daughters.
- And Jared lived after he begot Enoch eight hundred years, and he begot sons and daughters.
Gen.5.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהיו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- ימי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ירד: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- שתים: NUM,card,f,sg
- וששים: NUM,card,m,pl
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ותשע: NUM,card,f,sg
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וימת: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Gen.5:5 (verbal): Same death-formula wording—'And all the days of [name] were X years: and he died'—used for Adam, showing the repeated genealogical life-span formula in chapter 5.
- Gen.5:8 (verbal): Another instance of the identical structural formula for Seth ('all the days... and he died'), paralleling Jared's entry and underscoring the chapter's patterned record of patriarchal lifespans.
- Gen.5:27 (verbal): Methuselah's death statement follows the same phrasing and highlights the theme of extraordinary longevity that characterizes several names in Genesis 5, including Jared.
- Gen.5:23-24 (thematic): Enoch's entry contrasts Jared's notice: rather than 'and he died,' Enoch 'walked with God, and he was not; for God took him,' providing a theological counterpoint within the same genealogical sequence.
- Gen.11:10-26 (structural): The post‑Flood genealogies (descendants from Shem to Abram) continue the genealogical and generational patterning—years, begetting, and life summaries—serving as a structural continuation and parallel to Genesis 5's ancestral list.
Alternative generated candidates
- And all the days of Jared were 962 years, and he died.
- And all the days of Jared were nine hundred sixty-two years; and he died.
Gen.5.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויחי: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- חנוך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חמש: NUM,card,sg
- וששים: NUM,card,sg
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויולד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT
- מתושלח: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Gen.5.15 (structural): Same genealogical formula and the same paternal age (Mahalalel 'lived sixty and five years, and begot Jared'), showing the repetitive begetting-language and age motif in Genesis 5.
- Gen.5.18 (verbal): Directly related verse in the same genealogy: Jared 'lived 162 years, and begot Enoch' — identifies Enoch's father and uses the same 'lived... and begot' construction.
- Gen.5.24 (thematic): Continues the account of Enoch (the subject of 5:21): 'Enoch walked with God; and he was not, for God took him' — provides the notable summary of Enoch's life immediately following the birth notice.
- Hebrews 11:5 (allusion): New Testament reference to Enoch's end ('By faith Enoch was taken up so that he did not experience death'), alluding to Genesis 5's report that God took Enoch (cf. 5:24) and interpreting it theologically.
- Jude 1:14–15 (quotation): Attributes a prophetic utterance to Enoch ('Enoch, the seventh from Adam, prophesied...'), reflecting later Jewish tradition about Enoch that grows out of the brief Genesis notice (including his genealogy in 5:21).
Alternative generated candidates
- And Enoch lived 65 years, and he fathered Methuselah.
- And Enoch lived sixty-five years and begot Methuselah.
Gen.5.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויתהלך: VERB,hitpael,imperfect,3,m,sg
- חנוך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT
- האלהים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אחרי: PREP
- הולידו: VERB,hifil,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT
- מתושלח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלש: NUM,card,f,sg
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויולד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ובנות: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- Gen.5.24 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same episode — the narrative completes here: ‘Enoch walked with God… and he was not; for God took him,’ directly linked to v.22’s claim that Enoch ‘walked with God.’
- Hebrews 11:5 (quotation): New Testament citation that interprets and cites Genesis’ tradition: Hebrews states that by faith Enoch was translated so that he should not see death, drawing on the Genesis account of Enoch’s walk with God.
- Jude 1:14-15 (allusion): Jude attributes a prophecy to ‘Enoch, the seventh from Adam,’ alluding to the Enoch tradition (his close relationship with God and being taken) found in Genesis and later Jewish tradition.
- Gen.6:9 (verbal): Noah is described as one who ‘walked with God,’ using the same verbal motif to denote righteous intimacy with God; parallels Enoch’s depiction and the motif of walking with God as a mark of covenantal favor.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Enoch walked with God after he fathered Methuselah 300 years, and he fathered sons and daughters.
- And Enoch walked with God after he begot Methuselah three hundred years, and he begot sons and daughters.
Gen.5.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- ימי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- חנוך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חמש: NUM,card,sg
- וששים: CONJ+NUM,card,sg
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ושלש: CONJ+NUM,card,sg
- מאות: NUM,card,pl
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Gen.5.21 (verbal): Immediate genealogical context: gives Enoch’s age when he fathered Methuselah, directly contiguous with the statement of his total years in v.23.
- Gen.5.24 (thematic): Describes Enoch’s unique fate—'Enoch walked with God…and he was not; for God took him'—which, together with v.23’s lifespan, marks him as exceptional in the genealogy.
- Gen.5.27 (verbal): Reports Methuselah’s total lifespan (969 years) in the same genealogical list, offering a numerical contrast to Enoch’s 365 years.
- Heb.11:5 (allusion): NT reference to Enoch’s translation ('was translated that he should not see death'), interpreting his departure and implicitly connected to the Genesis account of his days.
- Jude 1:14 (quotation): Explicitly names 'Enoch, the seventh from Adam' and cites a prophetic utterance attributed to him, linking later tradition to the Genesis genealogy and identity.
Alternative generated candidates
- And all the days of Enoch were 365 years.
- And all the days of Enoch were three hundred sixty-five years.
Gen.5.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויתהלך: VERB,hithpael,impf,3,m,sg
- חנוך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT
- האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואיננו: VERB,qal,pres,3,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- לקח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אתו: PRT+PRON,3,m,sg
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Hebrews 11:5 (quotation): Explicitly cites Enoch’s translation: 'By faith Enoch was taken up so that he should not see death,' interpreting Gen 5:24’s 'God took him' as divine translation.
- Genesis 6:9 (verbal): Noah is likewise said to 'walk with God' (וְהִתְהַלֵּךְ אֶת־הָאֱלֹהִים), using the same verbal motif of close fellowship with God.
- 2 Kings 2:11 (thematic): Elijah is 'taken up' by a whirlwind into heaven; parallels the motif of a faithful man being taken by God rather than undergoing ordinary death.
- Jude 1:14–15 (allusion): Refers to 'Enoch, the seventh from Adam,' and quotes Enochic tradition; invokes the same Enoch figure and the traditions surrounding his removal by God.
- 1 Thessalonians 4:17 (thematic): Paul’s image of believers being 'caught up' to meet the Lord echoes the motif of God's people being taken up by God, comparable to Enoch’s translation.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Enoch walked with God, and he was no more, for God took him.
- And Enoch walked with God; and he was no more, for God took him.
Gen.5.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויחי: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- מתושלח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שבע: NUM,m,sg,abs
- ושמנים: NUM,m,pl,abs
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ומאת: NUM,f,sg,abs
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויולד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT
- למך: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Gen.5.21 (verbal): Same chapter and formula: 'X lived Y years and begot Z' — here Enoch's life and begetting of Methuselah immediately precede 5:25 and use identical genealogical phrasing.
- Gen.5.26 (structural): Directly parallels the same verse-structure (age + 'and he begot') in the subsequent generation: Methuselah → Lamech followed by Lamech → Noah, showing the repeated genealogical formula.
- Gen.5.28-29 (thematic): Lamech’s words about Noah (the reason for his name and the hope of comfort) continue the generational theme begun in 5:25, linking Methuselah’s line to the purpose of the Noah narrative.
- 1 Chr.1:3 (quotation): Chronicles repeats the Genesis genealogy (Methuselah → Lamech → Noah), echoing and preserving the same ancestral sequence found in Gen 5:25.
- Luke 3:37 (allusion): The NT genealogy in Luke preserves Methuselah’s name in the ancestral line, showing reception and continuity of the Genesis names and lineage into early Christian tradition.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Methuselah lived 187 years, and he fathered Lamech.
- And Methuselah lived one hundred eighty-seven years and begot Lamech.
Gen.5.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויחי: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- מתושלח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחרי: PREP
- הולידו: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT
- למך: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- שתים: NUM,card,f,sg,abs
- ושמונים: NUM,card,m,pl,abs
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ושבע: NUM,card,f,sg,abs
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,cons
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויולד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ובנות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- Gen.5.21 (verbal): Directly parallels the same genealogical wording — ‘lived after he begot [name] ... and begot sons and daughters’ (Jared/Enoch) with nearly identical verbs and structure.
- Gen.5.3 (verbal): Earliest instance of the Genesis 5 genealogical formula (Adam begetting Seth); establishes the recurring verb pattern and motif of ‘living after he fathered’.
- Gen.5.28-29 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same chapter: Lamech’s begetting of Noah follows the same formula and links Methuselah to Noah, including the naming and prophetic note about Noah.
- Gen.11.10 (structural): Post‑flood genealogy (Shem to Arpachshad) uses the same ‘X lived after he begot Y ... and begot sons and daughters’ formula, showing the continuity of Genesis’ genealogical pattern.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Methuselah lived after he fathered Lamech 782 years, and he fathered sons and daughters.
- And Methuselah lived after he begot Lamech seven hundred eighty-two years, and he begot sons and daughters.
Gen.5.27 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהיו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- ימי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- מתושלח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תשע: NUM,f,sg
- וששים: NUM,m,sg
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ותשע: NUM,f,sg
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וימת: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Genesis 5:5 (verbal): Same formulaic summary of a patriarch’s life: “All the days of X were Y years; and he died,” here applied to Adam (long lifespan motif).
- Genesis 5:23-24 (thematic): Enoch’s entry in the same genealogy contrasts with Methuselah: Enoch’s days are given but he does not die—‘God took him’—highlighting different fates within the long-lived patriarchs.
- Genesis 9:29 (verbal): Noah’s lifespan is given with the identical wording (“All the days of Noah were nine hundred and fifty years; and he died.”), a direct verbal parallel in the treatment of pre‑Flood lifespans.
- Genesis 5:18-20 (Jared) (thematic): Jared’s unusually long lifespan (962 years) in the same genealogical list provides a close thematic parallel to Methuselah’s extreme age and situates Methuselah within the pattern of antediluvian longevity.
- Psalm 90:10 (thematic): A later reflection on human life’s brevity (‘the days of our years are threescore years and ten’) provides thematic contrast to Methuselah’s extraordinary longevity, shaping theological reflection on lifespan and mortality.
Alternative generated candidates
- And all the days of Methuselah were 969 years, and he died.
- And all the days of Methuselah were nine hundred sixty-nine years; and he died.
Gen.5.28 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויחי: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- למך: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- שתים: NUM,card,f,sg
- ושמנים: NUM,card,m,pl
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ומאת: NUM,card,f,sg
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויולד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 5:29 (thematic): Immediate continuation: Lamech names his son Noah and gives the reason (rest/saving), linking the birth recorded in 5:28 to a theological hope for relief from toil and curse.
- Genesis 5:25 (verbal): Same genealogical formula — Methuselah 'lived X years and begot Lamech' — showing the recurring pattern of ages and paternity within this genealogical list and identifying Lamech's father.
- Genesis 5:3 (structural): Early instance of the Genesis 5 formula ('And Adam lived X years, and begot ...') that establishes the repetitive structural pattern of age+begetting continued in 5:28.
- Genesis 11:10 (structural): Post‑Flood genealogy uses the same age‑and‑begetting formula ('Shem lived X years and begot Arphaxad'), demonstrating continuity of the genealogical literary structure across Genesis 5 and 11.
- Genesis 4:18 (allusion): Another figure named Lamech appears in Cain's lineage; the name echo invites comparison between the two Lamechs (Cainite violence vs. Sethite line culminating in Noah) and their respective narratives.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Lamech lived 182 years, and he fathered a son.
- And Lamech lived one hundred eighty-two years and begot a son.
Gen.5.29 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויקרא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- את: PRT
- שמו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- נח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- זה: PRON,dem,ms,sg
- ינחמנו: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg,+obj:1,pl
- ממעשנו: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs,1,pl
- ומעצבון: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ידינו: NOUN,f,pl,abs,1,pl
- מן: PREP
- האדמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אררה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Gen 3:17-19 (verbal): Speaks of the ground being cursed and human toil ('by the sweat of your face')—background for Noah's naming as one who will bring relief from the curse on the ground.
- Gen 8:21-22 (thematic): After the flood God vows not to curse the ground again because of man’s intent, linking the flood/Noah episode to the idea of relief from the curse referenced in Gen 5:29.
- Gen 9:12-17 (structural): God's covenant with Noah (the rainbow) promising no more universal destruction; structurally continues the theme of restoration and divine assurance that underlies Noah's name.
- Isa 40:1 (verbal): The opening 'Comfort, comfort my people' (נחמו נחמו) uses the same root נ-ח-ם as Noah's name and echoes the motif of consolation and relief found in Gen 5:29.
- Ps 90:17 (thematic): Prayer that God establish 'the work of our hands' connects to Gen 5:29's concern for relief from human toil and for the blessing of human labor.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he called his name Noah, saying, "This one will comfort us from our work and from the painful toil of our hands, from the ground that the LORD has cursed."
- And he called his name Noah, saying, 'This one will comfort us in our work and in the painful toil of our hands, from the ground that the LORD has cursed.'
Gen.5.30 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויחי: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- למך: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אחרי: PREP
- הולידו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT
- נח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חמש: NUM,card,f
- ותשעים: NUM,m,pl
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וחמש: NUM,card,f
- מאת: NUM,card,f,pl
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויולד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ובנות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 5:28–29 (verbal): Immediate context: Lamech announces Noah’s birth and gives his name/meaning (comfort), directly connected to the statement that Lamech fathered Noah in 5:30.
- Genesis 5:3 (structural): Early entry in the same genealogy using the same formula (“and he lived after he begot… years, and begot sons and daughters”), showing the recurring genealogical structure of chapter 5.
- Genesis 5:25 (verbal): Methuselah’s begetting of Lamech uses the same birth-and-age formula; ties the generations together and provides the immediate ancestral precedent for Lamech’s statement in 5:30.
- Genesis 6:9 (thematic): Introduction of Noah’s moral character (“Noah was a righteous man”), linking the birth record in 5:30 to Noah’s role and identity in the narrative that follows.
- Genesis 7:6 (thematic): Noah’s age at the Flood (“Noah was six hundred years old…”) connects the genealogical chronology of 5:30 to the Flood narrative’s timeline.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Lamech lived after he fathered Noah 595 years, and he fathered sons and daughters.
- And Lamech lived after he begot Noah five hundred ninety-five years, and he begot sons and daughters.
Gen.5.31 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- ימי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- למך: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- שבע: NUM,card,m,sg
- ושבעים: CONJ+NUM,card,m,pl
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ושבע: CONJ+NUM,card,f,sg
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וימת: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Genesis 5:5 (verbal): Uses the same formulaic death notice—“And all the days of Adam were 930 years; and he died”—mirroring Lamech’s life-span statement.
- Genesis 5:27 (verbal): Methuselah’s life-span formula (“all the days of Methuselah were 969 years; and he died”) parallels Lamech’s phrasing and placement within the Genesis 5 genealogy.
- Genesis 5:24 (allusion): Enoch’s exception (“Enoch walked with God; and he was not, for God took him”) contrasts with Lamech’s report of death, highlighting the usual death-formula’s exception.
- Genesis 9:29 (structural): Noah’s death notice (“all the days of Noah were 950 years; and he died”) repeats the genealogical life-span/death pattern later in Genesis, showing the motif’s continuity.
Alternative generated candidates
- And all the days of Lamech were 777 years, and he died.
- And all the days of Lamech were seven hundred seventy-seven years; and he died.
Gen.5.32 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- נח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חמש: NUM,card,f,sg
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויולד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- נח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT
- שם: ADV,loc
- את: PRT
- חם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ+PRT
- יפת: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Gen.6:10 (verbal): Repeats that Noah fathered three sons—Shem, Ham, and Japheth—stating the same basic family detail in the pre‑flood narrative.
- Gen.7:6 (structural): Chronological parallel: Noah is later said to be 600 at the time of the Flood, linking the age given at his sons' birth (500) with the Flood chronology.
- Gen.9:18-19 (quotation): Post‑Flood recap identifying the three sons who left the ark and stressing their role as progenitors of the nations.
- Gen.10:1 (thematic): Introduces the Table of Nations descended from Noah's three sons, developing the thematic consequence of this verse (the nations' origins).
- 1 Chr.1:4 (verbal): Genealogical summary that echoes Genesis by listing Noah and his three sons in the ancestral roll.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Noah was 500 years old, and Noah fathered Shem, Ham, and Japheth.
- And Noah was five hundred years old, and Noah begot Shem, Ham, and Japheth.
This is the book of the generations of Adam. In the day God created Adam, in the likeness of God he made him.
Male and female he created them, and he blessed them and called their name Adam in the day they were created. And Adam lived a hundred and thirty years, and he fathered a son in his likeness, according to his image; and he called his name Seth. And the days of Adam after he fathered Seth were eight hundred years; and he fathered sons and daughters. And all the days of Adam that he lived were nine hundred and thirty years; and he died. And Seth lived a hundred and five years, and he fathered Enosh. And Seth lived after he fathered Enosh eight hundred and seven years, and he fathered sons and daughters. And all the days of Seth were nine hundred and twelve years; and he died. And Enosh lived ninety years, and he fathered Kenan. And Enosh lived after he fathered Kenan eight hundred and fifteen years, and he fathered sons and daughters. And all the days of Enosh were nine hundred and five years; and he died. And Kenan lived seventy years, and he fathered Mahalalel. And Kenan lived after he fathered Mahalalel eight hundred and forty years, and he fathered sons and daughters. And all the days of Kenan were nine hundred and ten years; and he died. And Mahalalel lived sixty-five years, and he fathered Jared. And Mahalalel lived after he fathered Jared eight hundred and thirty years, and he fathered sons and daughters. And all the days of Mahalalel were eight hundred and ninety-five years; and he died. And Jared lived a hundred and sixty-two years, and he fathered Enoch. And Jared lived after he fathered Enoch eight hundred years, and he fathered sons and daughters. And all the days of Jared were nine hundred and sixty-two years; and he died. And Enoch lived sixty-five years, and he fathered Methuselah. And Enoch walked with God after he fathered Methuselah three hundred years, and he fathered sons and daughters. And all the days of Enoch were three hundred and sixty-five years. And Enoch walked with God; and he was no more, for God took him. And Methuselah lived a hundred and eighty-seven years, and he fathered Lamech. And Methuselah lived after he fathered Lamech seven hundred and eighty-two years, and he fathered sons and daughters. And all the days of Methuselah were nine hundred and sixty-nine years; and he died. And Lamech lived a hundred and eighty-two years, and he fathered a son. And he called his name Noah, saying, 'This one will comfort us concerning our work and the toil of our hands, from the ground which the LORD has cursed.' And Lamech lived after he fathered Noah five hundred and ninety-five years, and he fathered sons and daughters. And all the days of Lamech were seven hundred and seventy-seven years; and he died. And Noah was five hundred years old; and Noah fathered Shem, Ham, and Japheth.