The Flood
Genesis 6:1-8:22
Gen.6.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- החל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- האדם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לרב: PREP+VERB,qal,infc
- על: PREP
- פני: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- האדמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ובנות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ילדו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,pl,m
Parallels
- Genesis 1:28 (verbal): God's commission to 'be fruitful and multiply' uses the same verb and theme of human increase that appears in Gen 6:1, framing population growth as a primordial mandate.
- Genesis 9:1 (verbal): Post‑flood repetition of 'be fruitful and multiply; replenish the earth' continues the same motif of human multiplication and filling the land.
- Exodus 1:7 (verbal): Describes Israel as 'fruitful, increased, multiplied' and 'the land was filled'—language closely parallel to 'multiply on the face of the land' in Gen 6:1.
- Psalm 127:3–5 (thematic): Portrays children as a blessing and emphasizes household increase and the value of offspring, reflecting the positive cultural/theological view of human multiplication underlying Gen 6:1.
- Isaiah 45:18 (thematic): Affirms that God created the earth to be inhabited, connecting the idea of the earth's intended filling with the population growth described in Gen 6:1.
Alternative generated candidates
- And it came to pass, when humankind began to multiply upon the face of the ground and daughters were born to them,
- And it happened, when humankind began to multiply on the face of the ground, and daughters were born to them,
Gen.6.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויראו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,const
- האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
- את: PRT
- בנות: NOUN,f,pl,const
- האדם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- כי: CONJ
- טבת: ADJ,f,pl,abs
- הנה: PART
- ויקחו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,pl,m
- נשים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- מכל: PREP
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בחרו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Genesis 6:4 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same account; describes the Nephilim and 'mighty men' born in the days when the 'sons of God' took human wives, linking the marriages in 6:2 to their offspring and reputation.
- Job 1:6 (verbal): Uses the same Hebrew phrase 'sons of God' (bene elohim) to denote heavenly beings who present themselves before God, providing a lexical parallel for the identity of the 'sons of God' in Genesis 6:2.
- Job 38:7 (verbal): Speaks of the 'sons of God' (bene elohim) rejoicing at creation; another occurrence of the phrase that supports reading it as heavenly/cosmic beings rather than merely human descendants.
- Jude 1:6–7 (allusion): Refers to angels who 'did not keep their own domain' and are held in chains, and cites Sodom and Gomorrah as examples; traditionally read as alluding to the Genesis 6 tradition of heavenly beings transgressing boundaries.
- 2 Peter 2:4–5 (allusion): Speaks of God casting sinful angels into Tartarus and bringing judgment by flood on the ungodly, explicitly linking angelic transgression and the flood tradition associated with Genesis 6–8.
Alternative generated candidates
- that the sons of God saw the daughters of humankind, that they were beautiful; and they took for themselves wives from any they chose.
- the sons of God saw the daughters of the human that they were beautiful; and they took for themselves wives from any they chose.
Gen.6.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לא: PART,neg
- ידון: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- רוחי: NOUN,f,sg,suff
- באדם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לעלם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בשגם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,suff
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- בשר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- והיו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- ימיו: NOUN,m,pl,suff
- מאה: NUM,f,sg
- ועשרים: NUM,m,pl
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Psalm 90:10 (thematic): Both verses treat the limited span of human life. Genesis 6:3 gives 'one hundred and twenty years' as a boundary (often read as a limit or period before judgment); Psalm 90:10 reflects the common biblical motif of human days being limited (70–80 years).
- Isaiah 40:6-8 (thematic): Isaiah's 'All flesh is grass' theme parallels Genesis 6:3's assertion that 'he is flesh'—both emphasize human frailty and mortality in contrast to God's sovereignty and enduring word.
- Job 14:5 (verbal): Job states that a man's days are determined by God and ordained in number, echoing Genesis 6:3's concern with God-setting or limiting human days ('yet his days shall be 120 years').
- 2 Peter 3:9 (allusion): 2 Peter stresses God's patience and delay of punishment ('not willing that any should perish'), which connects to one interpretation of Genesis 6:3 where the mention of '120 years' functions as a period of divine forbearance before the flood.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the LORD said, My spirit shall not abide in humankind forever, for he is flesh; and his days shall be one hundred and twenty years.
- And YHWH said, My Spirit shall not contend with the human forever, for he is flesh; and his days shall be one hundred and twenty years.
Gen.6.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הנפלים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- היו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בימים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,def
- ההם: DEM,m,pl
- וגם: CONJ
- אחרי: PREP
- כן: ADV
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יבאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,pl
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אל: PREP
- בנות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- האדם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- וילדו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,pl,m
- המה: DEM,m,pl
- הגברים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- מעולם: ADV
- אנשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- השם: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Numbers 13:33 (verbal): Spies report seeing the Nephilim (נְפִלִים) in the land — direct verbal parallel to Genesis' mention of the Nephilim and 'men of renown.'
- Job 1:6; 2:1 (verbal): Uses the phrase 'sons of God' (בְּנֵי־הָאֱלֹהִים) of heavenly beings who appear before God, paralleling the terminology in Genesis 6 about 'benei ha-elohim.'
- Job 38:7 (thematic): Speaks of the 'sons of God' (or 'morning stars') present at creation — thematically linked to Genesis' depiction of divine/angelic beings interacting with the world.
- 2 Peter 2:4-5 (allusion): Speaks of God condemning angels for sin and mentions the days of Noah, echoing Genesis 6's account of heavenly beings and the flood context.
- Jude 1:6-7 (allusion): Refers to angels who 'did not keep their own domain' and to sexual immorality and judgment in the days of Noah and Sodom — an explicit New Testament allusion to the Genesis 6 episode.
Alternative generated candidates
- The Nephilim were on the earth in those days, and also afterward, when the sons of God went in to the daughters of humankind and they bore children to them. These were the mighty men who were of old, men of renown.
- The Nephilim were on the earth in those days—and also afterward—when the sons of God went in to the daughters of the human and they bore children to them. These were the mighty ones who were of old, men of renown.
Gen.6.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וירא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- רבה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- רעת: NOUN,f,sg,const
- האדם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וכל: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יצר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מחשבת: NOUN,f,sg,const
- לבו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- רק: ADV
- רע: ADJ,m,sg
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- היום: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Gen.6.12 (structural): Same flood narrative context: the earth is corrupt and all flesh has corrupted its way, providing the immediate parallel cause to God’s observation in 6:5.
- Gen.8.21 (verbal): Echoes the idea that the disposition of man's heart is evil (Hebrew: יצר לב האדם רע), repeating and intensifying the theme after the flood.
- Ps.14:1-3 (thematic): Declares universal human corruption—'there is none that doeth good'—paralleling Gen 6:5’s claim that every imagination of the heart was only evil.
- Jer.17:9 (thematic): Speaks of the heart as deceitful and desperately sick, paralleling Genesis’ emphasis on the inward moral corruption of human thought and desire.
- Eccl.9:3 (verbal): States that the hearts of men are full of evil and madness, closely mirroring the language and theme of continual evil in Gen 6:5.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the LORD saw that the wickedness of humankind was great in the earth, and that every inclination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil all the day.
- And YHWH saw that the evil of the human was great in the earth, and every inclination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil all the day.
Gen.6.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וינחם: VERB,niphal,imperf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- עשה: VERB,qal,ptc,m,sg
- את: PRT
- האדם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויתעצב: VERB,hitpael,imperf,3,m,sg
- אל: PREP
- לבו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
Parallels
- 1 Samuel 15:11 (verbal): Uses the same verb (נחם/’regretted’) about God regretting a prior act—here God says He regrets making Saul king, a close verbal and thematic parallel to Gen 6:6.
- Exodus 32:14 (verbal): After Moses' intercession the text says God 'relented' (וַיִּנָּחֶם), showing the same anthropopathic verb of God changing/withdrawing a planned action.
- Jonah 3:10 (verbal): God 'relented' (וַיִּנָּחֶם) concerning the disaster he had threatened when Nineveh repented—another instance of the same verb and the idea of divine sorrow/relenting.
- Amos 7:3 (verbal): In the visions of Amos the LORD 'relents' (וַיִּנָּחֶם) and withdraws a threatened judgment—parallel verbal usage and theme of God changing course.
- Jeremiah 18:7–10 (thematic): Presents the principle that God will 'relent' or change a declared fate if people repent, echoing the motif in Gen 6:6 of divine sorrow/response to human behavior (anthropopathic language describing God's change of mind).
Alternative generated candidates
- And the LORD regretted that he had made the human on the earth, and it grieved him to his heart.
- And YHWH regretted that he had made the human on the earth, and it grieved him to his heart.
Gen.6.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אמחה: VERB,qal,imperf,1,m,sg
- את: PRT
- האדם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בראתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,sg
- מעל: PREP
- פני: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- האדמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- מאדם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- בהמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- רמש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועד: CONJ+PREP
- עוף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- כי: CONJ
- נחמתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- עשיתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Gen.6.6 (structural): Immediate context: God’s regret/repentance over creating humanity — complements the announcement of destroying humanity in 6:7.
- Gen.6.13 (verbal): God’s declaration that ‘the end of all flesh is come’ and cites the same reason (earth filled with violence) for bringing destruction — parallels the scope and motive of 6:7.
- Gen.7.4 (verbal): God’s imminent command to flood the earth and destroy ‘every living thing that I have made’ repeats the language and the action announced in 6:7.
- 2 Pet.3.6 (allusion): The New Testament refers to the ancient flood as God’s past judgment that destroyed the world by water, echoing the destructive decree of Gen 6:7.
- Matt.24.37-39 (thematic): Jesus’ comparison of the coming judgment to ‘the days of Noah’ thematically links Gen 6:7’s universal destruction announcement with future eschatological judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the LORD said, I will blot out the human whom I have created from the face of the ground, from man to beast, to creeping thing, and to the birds of the heavens; for I am sorry that I have made them.
- And YHWH said, I will blot out the human whom I have created from upon the face of the ground—from man to beast, to creeping thing, and to the bird of the heavens—for I regret that I have made them.
Gen.6.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ונח: CONJ+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מצא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- חן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בעיני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,cstr
- יהוה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Gen.6.9 (structural): Immediate continuation of the account: Genesis 6:9 expands on why Noah 'found favor' by describing his righteousness and his walk with God, linking divine favor to Noah's character and role.
- Exod.33.17 (verbal): God tells Moses 'you have found favor in my sight' (same verbal formula); both passages use divine favor language to mark a chosen individual's special standing with Yahweh and prompt divine action.
- Luke 1.30 (verbal): The angel announces to Mary that she 'has found favor with God' (Greek χάρις/English 'favor'), paralleling the motif of God bestowing grace/favor on a chosen person to accomplish salvation-history purposes.
- Esther 2.17 (verbal): Esther 'obtained favor and kind treatment' in the king's sight; while a royal context, the language echoes 'found favor in the eyes' formula and the broader biblical motif of a beneficiary singled out by favor.
- Prov.3.4 (thematic): Proverbs promises that faithful wisdom will cause one to 'find favor and good success in the sight of God and man,' thematically linking righteous conduct with receiving favor as in Genesis 6:8.
Alternative generated candidates
- But Noah found favor in the eyes of the LORD.
- But Noah found favor in the eyes of YHWH.
Gen.6.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אלה: PRON,dem,pl
- תולדת: NOUN,f,pl,const
- נח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- צדיק: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- תמים: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בדרתיו: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRS,3,m,sg
- את: PRT
- האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
- התהלך: VERB,hitpael,perf,3,m,sg
- נח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 5:22-24 (verbal): Enoch is said to have 'walked with God'—the same verbal formula used of Noah to describe intimate, faithful communion with God.
- Genesis 17:1 (verbal): God commands Abram to 'walk before me and be blameless,' echoing the paired ideas of walking with God and blamelessness applied to Noah.
- Psalm 15:2 (verbal): The righteous person is described as one who 'walks blamelessly and does what is right,' reflecting the language of righteousness, blamelessness, and walking as moral markers found in Gen 6:9.
- Micah 6:8 (thematic): The call 'to act justly... and to walk humbly with your God' parallels the theme that proper life consists in walking with God—the ethical posture attributed to Noah.
- Hebrews 11:7 (allusion): The New Testament commends Noah's faith and obedience, presenting him as an exemplar of righteousness—an explicit retelling and theological reading of the Genesis portrayal of Noah as righteous and walking with God.
Alternative generated candidates
- These are the generations of Noah. Noah was a righteous man, blameless in his generations; Noah walked with God.
- These are the generations of Noah. Noah was a righteous man, blameless in his generations; with God Noah walked.
Gen.6.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויולד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- נח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלשה: NUM,card,m,sg
- בנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- את: PRT
- שם: ADV,loc
- את: PRT
- חם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ+PRT
- יפת: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Gen.5:32 (verbal): Gives the same statement that Noah fathered Shem, Ham, and Japheth (adds Noah's age at their begetting); direct genealogical repeat prior to the flood narrative.
- Gen.7:13 (thematic): Describes Noah entering the ark with his sons and their wives — connects to the role of Noah's three sons in the flood story introduced in 6:10.
- Gen.9:18-19 (verbal): After the flood, identifies the sons who left the ark (Shem, Ham, and Japheth) and begins to outline their descendants (e.g., Ham as father of Canaan).
- Gen.10:1 (structural): Introduces the Table of Nations by naming Noah's three sons as the progenitors of post‑flood peoples; expands the genealogical significance of 6:10.
- 1 Chron.1:4 (verbal): Chronicles repeats the genealogical listing of Noah's sons (Shem, Ham, and Japheth), echoing Genesis' genealogical record in a later canonical context.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Noah fathered three sons: Shem, Ham, and Japheth.
- And Noah fathered three sons: Shem, Ham, and Japheth.
Gen.6.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ותשחת: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- לפני: PREP
- האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ותמלא: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- חמס: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Gen.6.5 (thematic): Describes the pervasive wickedness of humankind that provides the moral context for the earth's corruption in 6:11.
- Gen.6.12 (verbal): Nearly identical language — God sees the earth 'corrupt' and 'filled with violence,' reiterating the same statement with the divine perspective.
- Gen.6.13 (structural): God's announcement of judgment (the flood) is a direct structural response to the earth's corruption and violence described in 6:11.
- Isa.24.5 (allusion): Proclaims that the earth is defiled because of its inhabitants — a prophetic echo of the motif that human sin has contaminated the earth.
- 2 Pet.2.5 (thematic): New Testament reflection on the Flood as divine judgment on a corrupt, violent world; uses the same overall theme to explain why God acted.
Alternative generated candidates
- Now the earth was corrupt before God, and the earth was filled with violence.
- Now the earth was ruined before God, and the earth was filled with violence.
Gen.6.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וירא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- את: PRT
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- והנה: CONJ+INTJ
- נשחתה: VERB,niphal,perf,3,f,sg
- כי: CONJ
- השחית: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- בשר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT
- דרכו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Genesis 6:5 (verbal): Immediate verbal/thematic parallel: God surveys humanity's pervasive wickedness—'every intent of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually'—which explains the corruption noted in 6:12.
- Genesis 6:11 (structural): Close contextual parallel: declares 'the earth was corrupt and filled with violence,' a near-synonymous summary of the state of the world that 6:12 describes.
- Romans 1:21-23 (thematic): New Testament parallel describing humanity's repudiation of God and resulting moral and existential degradation—echoes the universal corruption of 'all flesh' in Genesis.
- Isaiah 24:5-6 (thematic): Prophetic depiction of the earth defiled by its inhabitants and the breaking of covenant, producing devastation—thematically mirrors cosmic corruption that brings divine judgment in Genesis 6.
- 2 Peter 2:5 (allusion): Alludes to the flood-judgment on the ancient world and Noah's preservation; connects the consequence (divine judgment by flood) with the antecedent cause—human corruption—described in Genesis 6:12.
Alternative generated candidates
- And God saw the earth, and behold, it was corrupt, for all flesh had corrupted its way upon the earth.
- And God saw the earth, and behold, it was ruined, for all flesh had ruined its way upon the earth.
Gen.6.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לנח: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- בשר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לפני: PREP
- כי: CONJ
- מלאה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- חמס: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מפניהם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+SUF,3,pl
- והנני: CONJ+PART,1,sg
- משחיתם: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
- את: PRT
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Genesis 6:11 (verbal): Immediate context: uses nearly identical language — 'the earth was corrupt' and 'filled with violence' — giving the explicit reason for God's decision in 6:13.
- Genesis 7:23 (structural): Narrative fulfillment: records that God 'blotted out every living thing' on the earth, enacting the destruction announced in 6:13.
- Matthew 24:37-39 (allusion): Jesus compares coming eschatological judgment to 'the days of Noah,' drawing on the flood as the paradigm of sudden, universal judgment for human wickedness.
- 2 Peter 3:6 (thematic): Apostolic application: Peter cites the flood as historical divine judgment ('the world then existing was deluged and destroyed'), using the event theologically in the same way Gen 6:13 frames God’s judgment.
- Isaiah 24:5-6 (thematic): Prophetic parallel: speaks of the earth being defiled by its people and punished as a whole, echoing the theme that widespread moral corruption brings judgment on the earth.
Alternative generated candidates
- And God said to Noah, The end of all flesh has come before me, for the earth is filled with violence because of them; and behold, I am going to destroy them together with the earth.
- And God said to Noah, The end of all flesh has come before me, for the earth is filled with violence because of them; and, behold, I am about to destroy them along with the earth.
Gen.6.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- עשה: VERB,qal,ptc,m,sg
- לך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
- תבת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עצי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- גפר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- תעשה: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- את: PRT
- התבה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- וכפרת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- מבית: PREP
- ומחוץ: PREP
- בכפר: PREP
Parallels
- Gen.6.15 (verbal): Immediate continuation giving the ark's exact dimensions and continuing the construction instructions begun in 6:14 (same context and vocabulary).
- Gen.6.22 (structural): Reports Noah's obedience in carrying out God's command to build and pitch the ark, completing the action described in 6:14 (closure to the construction narrative).
- Exod.2.3 (verbal): Moses' mother places him in a 'tebah' (same Hebrew word for a boat/ark) and 'daubs it with pitch' — a close verbal echo of the ark image and the use of pitch in Gen 6:14.
- Heb.11.7 (thematic): Summarizes Noah's building of the ark as an act of faith; thematically links the construction command in Gen 6:14 with faith and obedience in the New Testament portrayal.
- 2 Pet.2.5 (thematic): Refers to God preserving Noah through the flood and, by implication, the salvific function of the ark that Gen 6:14 initiates; used to discuss divine judgment and deliverance in later scriptural reflection.
Alternative generated candidates
- Make yourself an ark of gopher wood; you shall make rooms in the ark, and you shall cover it inside and outside with pitch.
- Make for yourself an ark of gopher-wood; rooms you shall make in the ark, and you shall cover it inside and outside with pitch.
Gen.6.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וזה: CONJ,DEM
- אשר: PRON,rel
- תעשה: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- שלש: NUM,card,f,sg
- מאות: NUM,card,f,pl
- אמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ארך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- התבה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- חמשים: NUM,card,m,pl
- אמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- רחבה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ושלשים: CONJ+NUM,card,m,pl
- אמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- קומתה: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3fs
Parallels
- Genesis 6:14 (verbal): Immediate instruction to Noah to 'make for yourself an ark' (gopher wood); this verse supplies the command and material that frame the dimensional specifications in 6:15.
- Genesis 6:16 (structural): Continues the construction details (door, window, decks/rooms), directly complementing the length/width/height given in 6:15 as part of the ark's full description.
- Hebrews 11:7 (thematic): Presents Noah's building of the ark as an act of faith and obedience; thematically connects the construction (including the ark's dimensions and form) with righteous faith.
- 1 Peter 3:20–21 (thematic): Uses the ark typologically as the means by which eight were saved, linking the physical ark described in 6:15 to its salvific/typological significance in New Testament teaching.
Alternative generated candidates
- And this is how you shall make it: the length of the ark three hundred cubits, its breadth fifty cubits, and its height thirty cubits.
- And this is how you shall make it: three hundred cubits the length of the ark, fifty cubits its breadth, and thirty cubits its height.
Gen.6.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- צהר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תעשה: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- לתבה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- אמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- תכלנה: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- מלמעלה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ופתח: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- התבה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- בצדה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,f,sg
- תשים: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- תחתים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- שנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ושלשים: CONJ+NUM,card,m,pl
- תעשה: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
Parallels
- Genesis 6:14–15 (structural): Immediate parallel within the Noah narrative giving construction details (materials, dimensions, ‘this is how you are to make it’) that frame the instructions in 6:16.
- Genesis 7:15–16 (verbal): Describes the occupants entering the ark and the LORD shutting the door—directly connected to 6:16’s instruction to place a door in the side of the ark.
- Genesis 8:6–12 (verbal): Reports Noah opening the ark’s window and sending out birds (raven and dove); echoes the specific feature of a ‘window’ (tzohar) commanded in 6:16.
- Hebrews 11:7 (thematic): Presents Noah’s building of the ark as an act of faith; thematically links the construction commands (including 6:16) to faith and obedience.
- 1 Peter 3:20–21 (allusion): Uses the flood and Noah/ark imagery typologically (salvation through water) and alludes to the ark as the means of preservation described in Genesis 6–8.
Alternative generated candidates
- You shall make a window for the ark, and finish it to a cubit from above; and set the door of the ark in its side; you shall make it with lower, second, and third decks.
- A skylight you shall make for the ark, and to a cubit you shall finish it above; and the door of the ark you shall set in its side. With lower, second, and third stories you shall make it.
Gen.6.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואני: PRON,1,sg
- הנני: PART
- מביא: VERB,hiphil,ptc,_,m,sg
- את: PRT
- המבול: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- על: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- לשחת: VERB,qal,inf,_,_,_,_
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- בשר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- רוח: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- חיים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מתחת: PREP
- השמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יגוע: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Gen.7:21-23 (verbal): Direct narrative fulfillment of Gen 6:17: describes how the flood destroyed all flesh and everything on the earth, repeating the language of universal death by the waters.
- Gen.9:15-16 (thematic): God’s post‑flood covenant promising never again to destroy all flesh by a flood — thematically connected as the counterpoint and resolution to the threat announced in Gen 6:17.
- Ps.104:6-9 (thematic): Poetic depiction of waters covering the earth and then being restrained by God; echoes the imagery of the primeval flood and God’s sovereignty over the waters.
- Matt.24:37-39 (allusion): Jesus compares the coming judgment to the ‘days of Noah,’ using the flood as the archetype of sudden, world‑wide destruction like that announced in Gen 6:17.
- 2 Pet.3:6 (allusion): The author explicitly refers to the ancient flood as the means by which the world of that time perished, treating Gen 6:17’s announced judgment as paradigmatic for divine judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- And I, even I, am bringing the Flood, waters upon the earth, to destroy all flesh in which is the breath of life under the heavens; everything that is on the earth shall perish.
- And I, behold, I am bringing the flood of waters upon the earth to destroy all flesh in which is the breath of life from under the heavens; everything that is on the earth shall perish.
Gen.6.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והקמתי: VERB,hif,impf,1,-,sg
- את: PRT
- בריתי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+1s
- אתך: PRON,2,m,sg
- ובאת: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- אל: PREP
- התבה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- ובניך: NOUN,m,pl,abs+2ms
- ואשתך: NOUN,f,sg,abs+2ms
- ונשי: NOUN,f,pl,const
- בניך: NOUN,m,pl,abs+2ms
- אתך: PRON,2,m,sg
Parallels
- Genesis 9:9-11 (quotation): After the flood God again declares, “I establish my covenant with you and your offspring,” echoing the covenant language used in Gen 6:18 and expanding it to all living creatures with a formal promise and sign (the rainbow).
- Genesis 17:7 (verbal): God’s promise to Abraham—“I will establish my covenant between me and you and your offspring after you”—uses the same formula of establishing a covenant with a man and his seed, reflecting a recurring covenantal pattern and language.
- Genesis 7:1 (structural): God’s command to Noah to enter the ark “you and your household” parallels Gen 6:18’s specification that Noah, his sons, his wife, and his sons’ wives shall come into the ark, linking covenant protection to the household’s preservation.
- Exodus 6:4 (allusion): God’s statement that he “established my covenant” with the patriarchs (and later with Israel) echoes the covenant-establishing language of Gen 6:18, situating Noah’s covenant within the broader biblical theme of divine covenants.
- Psalm 89:3-4 (thematic): The psalmist’s affirmation that God made a covenant and promised to establish it (to David and his line) resonates with the theme of divine, irrevocable covenant-making expressed in Gen 6:18.
Alternative generated candidates
- But I will establish my covenant with you, and you shall come into the ark, you and your sons and your wife and your sons’ wives with you.
- But I will establish my covenant with you, and you shall enter the ark—you, and your sons, and your wife, and your sons’ wives with you.
Gen.6.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ומכל: CONJ+PREP
- החי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מכל: PREP
- בשר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- מכל: PREP
- תביא: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- אל: PREP
- התבה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- להחית: VERB,qal,inf
- אתך: PRON,2,m,sg
- זכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ונקבה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יהיו: VERB,qal,impf,3,pl
Parallels
- Gen.6.20 (structural): Immediate continuation/repetition of the command specifying that Noah was to bring two of every living thing, male and female, into the ark.
- Gen.7.2-3 (verbal): Repeats and refines the instruction about bringing animals into the ark, distinguishing seven pairs of clean animals and two of the unclean—an expanded restatement of Gen 6:19.
- Gen.7.8-9 (structural): Narrative fulfillment of the command in Gen 6:19 — pairs of animals (male and female) enter the ark as Noah brought them.
- Gen.1.24-25 (thematic): Creation account describing God’s creation of living creatures 'according to their kinds' and male and female, providing the theological background for preserving species aboard the ark.
- Gen.9.9-10 (allusion): God’s covenant with Noah after the flood that affirms the preservation of all living creatures and their descendants, echoing the purpose of bringing pairs into the ark.
Alternative generated candidates
- And of every living thing, of all flesh, two of every kind you shall bring into the ark to keep them alive with you; they shall be male and female.
- And of every living thing, of all flesh, two of every kind you shall bring into the ark to keep them alive with you; they shall be male and female.
Gen.6.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מהעוף: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- למינהו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ומן: CONJ+PREP
- הבהמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- למינה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,f,sg
- מכל: PREP
- רמש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- האדמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- למינהו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cs+PRON,3,m,sg
- שנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- מכל: PREP
- יבאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- אליך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
- להחיות: PREP+VERB,hiphil,inf
Parallels
- Genesis 7:15-16 (structural): Narrative parallel — the later account repeats that animals entered the ark 'male and female' and that Noah did according to God's command, echoing the instruction to bring pairs.
- Genesis 7:2-3 (verbal): Related instruction — specifies numbers of animals (pairs and sevenfold for clean beasts) and reiterates the directive to bring living creatures into the ark.
- Genesis 1:24-25 (thematic): Creation parallel — God’s ordering of animals 'after their kinds' corresponds to the ark command to preserve each kind, linking creation taxonomy with preservation.
- Genesis 1:27 (thematic): Verbal/thematic link — the recurrent formula 'male and female' in creation is echoed in the ark instructions for reproducing and sustaining life.
Alternative generated candidates
- Of the birds according to their kinds, and of the beasts according to their kinds, of every creeping thing of the ground according to its kind, two of every sort shall come to you to keep them alive.
- Of the bird according to its kind, and of the beast according to its kind, of every creeping thing of the ground according to its kind—two of every sort shall come to you to keep them alive.
Gen.6.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואתה: CONJ+PRON,2,m,sg
- קח: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- לך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
- מכל: PREP
- מאכל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יאכל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ואספת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- אליך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
- והיה: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
- ולהם: CONJ+PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- לאכלה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Gen.1:29 (verbal): Uses similar language about provision as food ('and it shall be to you for food' / והיתה לכם לאכלה), linking divine provision of sustenance to humans (and implicitly animals).
- Gen.6:20 (structural): Immediate narrative parallel in the Noah instructions: 6:20 directs bringing animals into the ark, while 6:21 complements this by commanding food for Noah and the animals.
- Gen.7:2-3 (structural): Continuation/reiteration of ark preparations—specifies which animals to take and preserves life—part of the same provisionary command context as 6:21.
- Gen.9:3 (verbal): Post‑flood pronouncement that animals may be food ('every moving thing that liveth shall be meat for you') echoes themes of provision and the human-animal food relationship raised in 6:21.
- Gen.41:34-36 (thematic): Joseph's gathering and storing of grain in advance of famine parallels Noah's collection of food—both are precautionary provisions made to survive an impending catastrophe.
Alternative generated candidates
- And you, take for yourself of every food that is eaten and gather it to yourself; and it shall be for you and for them for food.
- And as for you, take for yourself of every food that is eaten and gather it to yourself; and it shall be for you and for them for food.
Gen.6.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעש: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- נח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ככל: PREP
- אשר: PRON,rel
- צוה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אתו: PRT+PRON,3,m,sg
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- כן: ADV
- עשה: VERB,qal,ptc,m,sg
Parallels
- Gen.7:5 (verbal): Repeats the same statement that Noah did all that the LORD commanded him (near-verbatim restatement of 6:22).
- Gen.6:14-16 (structural): Contains the specific commands about building the ark (dimensions, materials, openings) that 6:22 says Noah obeyed.
- Gen.7:9 (verbal): Says the animals entered the ark 'as God had commanded Noah,' reinforcing the theme of precise obedience to God's instructions.
- Heb.11:7 (thematic): New Testament appraisal of Noah's faith-driven obedience in building the ark, linking obedience to righteousness and salvation by faith.
- 1 Pet.3:20-21 (allusion): Alludes to the days of Noah and the ark's preparation; connects Noah's obedient action to the motif of salvation through the waters.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Noah did according to all that God commanded him; so he did.
- And Noah did according to all that God commanded him; so he did.
Gen.7.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לנח: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בא: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- וכל: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ביתך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
- אל: PREP
- התבה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- כי: CONJ
- אתך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
- ראיתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,com,sg
- צדיק: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- לפני: PREP
- בדור: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
Parallels
- Gen.6:8-9 (verbal): Earlier statement that 'Noah found grace in the eyes of the LORD' and that Noah was 'a just man'—same evaluation of Noah's righteousness that grounds God's command in 7:1.
- Gen.6:18 (verbal): God's prior promise to 'establish my covenant with you' and the instruction that 'you shall come into the ark'—linguistic and thematic precursor to the command in 7:1.
- Gen.7:7 (structural): Immediate narrative fulfillment: Noah, his family, and the animals enter the ark in response to the command given in 7:1.
- 1 Pet.3:20-21 (thematic): New Testament typology: speaks of the days of Noah and 'eight souls saved through water,' linking Noah's deliverance in the ark to the theme of salvation by water.
- 2 Pet.2:5 (allusion): Peter's reference to God 'spared not the ancient world, but saved Noah... a preacher of righteousness' echoes the characterization of Noah as righteous and preserved by God in 7:1.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then the LORD said to Noah, Enter, you and all your household, into the ark; for you I have seen righteous before me in this generation.
- Then YHWH said to Noah, Enter the ark, you and all your household, for you I have seen righteous before me in this generation.
Gen.7.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מכל: PREP
- הבהמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- הטהורה: ADJ,f,sg,def
- תקח: VERB,qal,imprf,2,m,sg
- לך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
- שבעה: NUM,card,m,sg
- שבעה: NUM,card,m,sg
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואשתו: NOUN,f,sg,poss3,m
- ומן: CONJ+PREP
- הבהמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לא: PART,neg
- טהרה: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- שנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואשתו: NOUN,f,sg,poss3,m
Parallels
- Genesis 7:3 (verbal): Repeats and clarifies the same command: seven of each clean animal (male and female) and pairs of the unclean — immediate parallel within the flood narrative.
- Genesis 6:19-20 (structural): Earlier divine instruction to bring animals into the ark two by two; provides the broader framework for the ark’s animal population and contrasts with the special provision for clean animals in 7:2.
- Genesis 7:8-9 (structural): Narrative fulfillment: reports that the animals entered the ark, specifying that the clean and unclean animals entered according to God’s command, thereby echoing 7:2’s distinctions.
- Genesis 8:20 (thematic): Noah’s offering of burnt offerings from the clean animals after the flood shows the practical/ritual purpose for preserving extra clean animals, linking 7:2’s provision to sacrificial use.
- Leviticus 11:2-3 (thematic): Later priestly legislation defining 'clean' (permitted) and 'unclean' animals provides cultic and dietary background for understanding why certain animals were distinguished and preserved in greater numbers in 7:2.
Alternative generated candidates
- Of every clean beast take for yourself seven, seven, a male and his mate; and of the beast that is not clean, two, a male and his mate.
- Of every clean animal take for yourself seven and seven, the male and his mate; and of the animals that are not clean—two, the male and his mate.
Gen.7.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- גם: ADV
- מעוף: NOUN,m,sg,cs
- השמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- שבעה: NUM,card,m,sg
- שבעה: NUM,card,m,sg
- זכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ונקבה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לחיות: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- זרע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- פני: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Gen.7.2 (verbal): Immediate parallel instruction about animals: command to take seven (or seven pairs) of the clean animals — closely echoes the numeric/paired language.
- Gen.6.19-20 (verbal): Earlier command to bring pairs of every living thing, including birds; shares the theme and phrasing of preserving 'seed' by male and female pairs.
- Gen.7.8-9 (structural): Narrative fulfillment: lists the animals and birds entering the ark 'male and female,' reflecting the paired emphasis of 7:3.
- Gen.1.20-22 (thematic): Creation mandate about birds and the blessing to 'be fruitful and multiply' — connects to the purpose of preserving bird pairs to maintain life on the earth.
- Gen.8.17 (structural): Post-flood command to bring out every living thing from the ark; completes the structural arc begun by the pairing/bringing instructions in 7:3.
Alternative generated candidates
- Also of the birds of the heavens, seven, seven, male and female, to preserve seed on the face of all the earth.
- Also of the birds of the heavens, seven and seven, male and female, to keep seed alive upon the face of all the earth.
Gen.7.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- לימים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- עוד: ADV
- שבעה: NUM,card,m,pl
- אנכי: PRON,1,_,sg
- ממטיר: VERB,pi,ptc,0,m,sg
- על: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ארבעים: NUM,card
- יום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וארבעים: CONJ+NUM,card,m,pl
- לילה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ומחיתי: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,1,m,sg
- את: PRT
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- היקום: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- עשיתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,sg
- מעל: PREP
- פני: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- האדמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Gen.6.17 (verbal): God announces the impending flood in similar language—He will bring a 'flood of waters' to destroy all flesh—closely parallels the plan and purpose stated in 7:4.
- Gen.7.11 (structural): Narrative fulfillment: the flood begins in the specified time frame and the rain falls for forty days and forty nights, directly continuing the promise of 7:4.
- Gen.7.21-23 (verbal): Description of the flood's effect—'all flesh that moved on the earth perished'—echoes 7:4's declaration to destroy every living thing made on the earth.
- Matt.24.37-39 (thematic): Jesus compares the coming judgment to the days of Noah when a sudden destructive flood came on the people; thematically parallels divine judgment by inundation and the surprise element in 7:4–7:24.
- 2 Pet.3.6-7 (allusion): Peter recalls the ancient world destroyed by water and contrasts it with coming judgment by fire—explicitly alludes to the flood event and its role as God’s past judgment as announced in 7:4.
Alternative generated candidates
- For in seven days more I am causing it to rain on the earth forty days and forty nights, and I will blot out from the face of the ground every living thing that I have made.
- For in yet seven days I will cause it to rain upon the earth forty days and forty nights, and I will blot out from upon the face of the ground every living thing that I have made.
Gen.7.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעש: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- נח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ככל: PREP
- אשר: PRON,rel
- צוהו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg,pro:3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Gen.6.22 (verbal): Nearly identical phrasing: 'Thus did Noah; according to all that God commanded him, so did he'—repeats the statement of Noah's exact obedience in preparing the ark.
- Exod.40.16 (verbal): Same verbal formula applied to Moses: 'Thus did Moses: according to all that the LORD commanded him, so did he.'—a parallel construction stressing precise obedience to divine instruction.
- Exod.39.32 (verbal): The account of the tabernacle's completion uses the same idea: the people 'did according to all that the LORD commanded Moses'—another instance of exact compliance with God's commands.
- Heb.11.7 (thematic): Frames Noah's action as faith-driven obedience: Noah, by faith, built the ark and obeyed God's warning, underscoring the theological significance of his doing 'all that the LORD commanded.'
- 1 Pet.3.20 (allusion): Alludes to the ark and the days of Noah—speaks of the ark being prepared and the few saved—bringing out the connection between Noah's obedient building and the salvation associated with the ark.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Noah did according to all that the LORD commanded him.
- And Noah did according to all that YHWH commanded him.
Gen.7.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ונח: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שש: NUM,m,sg
- מאות: NUM,card,f,pl
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- והמבול: NOUN,m,sg,def
- היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- על: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Gen.7.11 (verbal): Repeats and expands the same chronological marker—‘in the six hundredth year of Noah’s life’—giving the exact day and describing the breaking up of the fountains and the windows of heaven when the flood came.
- Gen.5.32 (structural): Places Noah in the genealogical/timeline framework (Noah was 500 when he fathered Shem, Ham, and Japheth), providing background to the ages and chronology that lead to Noah being 600 at the flood.
- Gen.8.13-14 (structural): Continues the chronological sequence after Gen 7:6 by noting Noah’s age in the six hundred and first year when the waters receded and he left the ark, linking the flood year to subsequent dating.
- Gen.9.28-29 (structural): Gives Noah’s later lifespan and summarizes the years after the flood (Noah lived 350 years after the flood; total 950), situating Gen 7:6 within his overall life chronology.
- 2 Pet.2:5 (thematic): Alludes to the Genesis flood as divine judgment and deliverance—Peter refers to Noah as a 'preacher of righteousness' whom God preserved when bringing the flood, echoing the event described in Gen 7:6.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Noah was six hundred years old when the Flood came, waters upon the earth.
- And Noah was six hundred years old, and the flood of waters was upon the earth.
Gen.7.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויבא: VERB,hif,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- נח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ובניו: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs+3,m,sg
- ואשתו: NOUN,f,sg,poss3,m
- ונשי: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,cons
- בניו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3,m,sg
- אתו: PRT+PRON,3,m,sg
- אל: PREP
- התבה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- מפני: PREP
- מי: PRON,interr,sg
- המבול: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Gen.6:18 (verbal): God's prior instruction promising a covenant and specifying that Noah, his wife, his sons, and his sons' wives shall enter the ark — the same roster and command echoed in 7:7.
- Gen.7:1 (verbal): Immediate command to Noah to enter the ark with his household; 7:7 records the actual carrying out of that verbal command.
- Gen.8:16-19 (structural): God commands Noah and his household to come out of the ark after the waters recede — a structural reversal and complement to the entering described in 7:7.
- Hebrews 11:7 (thematic): Summarizes Noah's faith and obedience in building the ark and being saved from the flood, connecting the narrative action of entering the ark with the theological theme of faith.
- 1 Peter 3:20-21 (allusion): New Testament typology that frames Noah's saving of eight people through water as a foreshadowing of salvation/baptism, alluding to the ark episode as salvific precedent.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Noah and his sons and his wife and his sons’ wives with him went into the ark because of the waters of the Flood.
- And Noah and his sons and his wife and his sons’ wives with him entered the ark, because of the waters of the flood.
Gen.7.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מן: PREP
- הבהמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- הטהורה: ADJ,f,sg,def
- ומן: CONJ+PREP
- הבהמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- איננה: VERB,qal,pres,3,f,sg
- טהרה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- ומן: CONJ+PREP
- העוף: NOUN,m,sg,def
- וכל: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- רמש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- האדמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Gen.6.19-20 (verbal): God's earlier command that Noah bring 'of every living thing of all flesh, two of every sort' into the ark — same instruction about animals boarding the ark as in 7:8.
- Gen.7.2-3 (verbal): Specifies the distinction between clean and unclean animals and the instruction to take seven pairs of clean animals and one pair of unclean — directly parallels the clean/unclean categories named in 7:8.
- Gen.7.9 (structural): Narrative summary that 'pairs, male and female, came to Noah into the ark' — repeats the idea of animals (clean and unclean) entering the ark in male/female pairs as in 7:8.
- Gen.7.15 (structural): States that 'they went in to Noah into the ark, male and female, as God had commanded' — another immediate parallel emphasizing animals entering the ark by species and sex, confirming the action described in 7:8.
- Lev.11.2-3 (thematic): Priestly legislation distinguishing clean and unclean animals for Israelic practice; thematically parallels the Genesis distinction between 'clean' and 'unclean' animals mentioned in 7:8.
Alternative generated candidates
- Of the clean animals, and of the animals that are not clean, and of the birds, and of everything that creeps on the ground,
- Of the clean animals, and of the animals that are not clean, and of the birds, and of everything that creeps on the ground,
Gen.7.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- שנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- שנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- באו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- אל: PREP
- נח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: PREP
- התבה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- זכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ונקבה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כאשר: CONJ
- צוה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- את: PRT
- נח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 6:19 (verbal): God's command to bring 'every living thing... male and female' into the ark closely matches the wording and instruction in Gen 7:9.
- Genesis 7:2-3 (structural): Provides the detailed instruction about numbers of clean and unclean animals (seven pairs vs. one pair), expanding the brief statement that animals entered 'male and female.'
- Genesis 7:16 (verbal): Reiterates that 'male and female of all flesh' entered the ark 'as God had commanded' and adds that the LORD shut the ark, echoing the language and the fulfillment of command.
- Hebrews 11:7 (thematic): Frames Noah's obedience in building the ark and entering with his family as an act of faith that resulted in salvation — thematic parallel to the entrance of animals and Noah into the ark.
- 1 Peter 3:20-21 (allusion): Uses the ark and the saving through water as a typological allusion to salvation/baptism, connecting the historical event of entering the ark to later theological interpretation.
Alternative generated candidates
- two by two they came to Noah into the ark, male and female, as God had commanded Noah.
- two by two they came to Noah into the ark, male and female, as God had commanded Noah.
Gen.7.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- לשבעת: PREP+NUM,m,pl,cons
- הימים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ומי: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- המבול: NOUN,m,sg,def
- היו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- על: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Genesis 7:4 (verbal): God's prior warning that in seven days He would bring rain—direct verbal link to the seven‑day interval before the waters came.
- Genesis 7:11 (structural): Immediate narrative continuation specifying the exact day the fountains of the deep were broken up and the flood began—the same event Gen. 7:10 anticipates.
- Genesis 6:17 (verbal): Earlier divine declaration that God would bring a flood upon the earth; provides the theological cause/background for the waters' arrival in 7:10.
- 2 Peter 3:6 (allusion): The New Testament recalls the flood as a real, divinely‑executed deluge that destroyed the world—an allusive use of the Genesis flood as example of God’s judgment by water.
- Luke 17:27 (thematic): Jesus' reference to the days of Noah emphasizes the suddenness and universality of the flood’s onset and judgment, thematically paralleling the arrival of the waters in Gen. 7:10.
Alternative generated candidates
- And after seven days the waters of the Flood were upon the earth.
- And it came to pass after seven days that the waters of the flood were upon the earth.
Gen.7.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בשנת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons
- שש: NUM,card
- מאות: NUM,card,f,pl
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לחיי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- נח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בחדש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השני: ADJ,m,sg,def
- בשבעה: PREP+NUM,card,m,sg
- עשר: NUM,card,f,sg
- יום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לחדש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ביום: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הזה: DEM,m,sg,def
- נבקעו: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,pl
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- מעינת: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- תהום: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- רבה: ADJ,qual,f,sg,abs
- וארבת: CONJ+NUM,card,pl,cons
- השמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- נפתחו: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Genesis 8:2 (verbal): Uses the same technical terms in reverse: where 7:11 says the “fountains of the great deep were broken up” and the “windows of heaven were opened,” 8:2 records that the fountains of the deep and the windows of heaven were stopped/closed—direct verbal correspondence.
- Genesis 7:12 (structural): Immediate narrative sequel: after the windows of heaven were opened in 7:11, 7:12 states that rain fell on the earth forty days and forty nights, continuing the same flood episode.
- Job 38:8–11 (thematic): God’s speech about controlling the waters—‘shutting up the sea with doors,’ ‘breaking up…my decreed place,’ and setting bars—echoes the imagery of the deep’s fountains being cleft and the heavens’ windows opening/closing.
- 2 Peter 3:6 (thematic): New Testament theological reference to the Flood: Peter summaries the ancient world’s destruction ‘by water’ (the Flood), reflecting the same salvific/judgment significance of the event described in Genesis 7:11.
Alternative generated candidates
- In the six hundredth year of Noah’s life, in the second month, on the seventeenth day of the month, on that day all the springs of the great deep burst forth, and the windows of the heavens were opened.
- In the six hundredth year of Noah’s life, in the second month, on the seventeenth day of the month—on that day all the springs of the great deep were split open, and the windows of the heavens were opened.
Gen.7.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- הגשם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- על: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ארבעים: NUM,card
- יום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וארבעים: CONJ+NUM,m,pl
- לילה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Exod.24.18 (verbal): Uses the identical formula “forty days and forty nights” for Moses’ time on Sinai; the same temporal motif links divine action, testing, and revelation.
- 1 Kgs.19.8 (verbal): Elijah’s journey to Horeb lasts “forty days and forty nights,” echoing the same forty-day period as a time of ordeal and divine encounter.
- Jonah.3.4 (verbal): The prophet’s proclamation “forty days, and Nineveh shall be overthrown” employs the forty-day period as a timetable for impending divine judgment, paralleling the flood’s forty-day rain.
- Luke.17.26-27 (thematic): Jesus compares the coming of the Son of Man to the days of Noah—people unaware until the flood came—using the flood narrative as a warning about sudden judgment.
- 2 Pet.2.5 (allusion): Peter alludes to the Genesis flood, describing God’s judgment by water and Noah’s deliverance to argue that God punished the ungodly, invoking the flood as an illustrative precedent.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the rain was upon the earth forty days and forty nights.
- And the rain was upon the earth forty days and forty nights.
Gen.7.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בעצם: PREP
- היום: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- בא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- נח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושם: CONJ+ADV
- וחם: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ויפת: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- נח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואשת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- נח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושלשת: NUM,card,pl
- נשי: NOUN,f,pl,cons
- בניו: NOUN,m,pl,poss
- אתם: PRT+PRON,3,m,pl
- אל: PREP
- התבה: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Genesis 6:18 (verbal): God's instruction to Noah uses the same formula — 'you, your sons, your wife, and your sons' wives with you' — specifying who is to enter the ark.
- Genesis 7:7 (verbal): A parallel recounting of the same event: Noah and his family enter the ark, repeating the listing of persons and the act of entry.
- 1 Peter 3:20-21 (allusion): The NT reflects on Noah's household being saved through the flood ('eight persons were saved'), using the ark-entry as the central salvific image.
- 2 Peter 2:5 (allusion): Peter refers to Noah as a 'preacher of righteousness' whom God preserved, linking Noah's obedience and the saving of his family to the flood narrative.
- Hebrews 11:7 (thematic): Noah's faithful obedience and the resulting salvation of his household are highlighted here, thematically echoing the account of Noah and his family's entry into the ark.
Alternative generated candidates
- On that very day Noah came, and Shem and Ham and Japheth, the sons of Noah, and Noah’s wife and the three wives of his sons with them, into the ark,
- On that very day Noah came, and Shem and Ham and Japheth, the sons of Noah, and Noah’s wife and the three wives of his sons with them, into the ark,
Gen.7.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- המה: PRON,3,m,pl
- וכל: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- החיה: ADJ,f,sg,def
- למינה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,f,sg
- וכל: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הבהמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- למינה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,f,sg
- וכל: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הרמש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הרמש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- למינהו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cs+PRON,3,m,sg
- וכל: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- העוף: NOUN,m,sg,def
- למינהו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cs+PRON,3,m,sg
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- צפור: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- כנף: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Gen.6:19-20 (verbal): God's instruction to Noah to bring into the ark 'of every living thing of all flesh... two of every sort' — uses the same language of 'every living thing' and classification 'after its kind' (לְמִינָהּ).
- Gen.7:2-3 (thematic): Prior specification about which animals to take (seven pairs of clean, pairs of unclean) — relates to the verse's concern with animals brought into the ark by kinds and numbers.
- Gen.7:15 (structural): Narrative fulfillment: 'They went into the ark, two and two, of all flesh' — directly parallels the listing of animals by kind in 7:14 and shows the actual entrance.
- Gen.7:16 (structural): Follows immediately after the animals enter ('and the LORD shut him in') — completes the scene begun in 7:14 of animals being gathered into the ark.
- Gen.1:24-25 (verbal): Creation account: 'Let the earth bring forth living creatures after their kinds' — the recurring motif/formula of living creatures appearing 'after their kind' echoes the taxonomy language of 7:14.
Alternative generated candidates
- they and every beast according to its kind, and all the cattle according to their kind, and every creeping thing that creeps upon the earth according to its kind, and every bird according to its kind, every bird of every wing.
- they, and every wild animal according to its kind, and all the livestock according to their kind, and every creeping thing that creeps upon the earth according to its kind, and every bird according to its kind—every bird of every wing.
Gen.7.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויבאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- אל: PREP
- נח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: PREP
- התבה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- שנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- שנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- מכל: PREP
- הבשר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- רוח: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- חיים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 6:19-20 (quotation): God's command to Noah to bring two of every living thing into the ark — the instruction that 7:15 narrates as fulfilled.
- Genesis 7:2-3 (verbal): Specifies the pairing (and the special provision for clean animals) and uses the same language of bringing animals into the ark, closely related wording and structure.
- Genesis 7:9 (verbal): Immediate parallel within the same narrative that also records that pairs of animals entered the ark — duplicate/verbal reinforcement of the event.
- 1 Peter 3:20-21 (allusion): Uses the ark and the salvation of Noah and his family as an example/typology connecting the flood/ark to salvation and baptism.
- Hebrews 11:7 (thematic): Presents Noah's obedience in building the ark and being saved from the flood as an example of faith — thematically related to the ark episode in 7:15.
Alternative generated candidates
- And they went in to Noah into the ark, two by two of all flesh in which is the breath of life.
- And they came to Noah into the ark, two by two of all flesh in which is the breath of life.
Gen.7.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והבאים: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,pl
- זכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ונקבה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מכל: PREP
- בשר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- באו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- כאשר: CONJ
- צוה: VERB,piel,perf,3,m,sg
- אתו: PRT+PRON,3,m,sg
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ויסגר: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בעדו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Gen.6:19-20 (verbal): God's command to bring pairs of animals — 'male and female' of every living thing — parallels the description of the animals entering the ark here.
- Gen.6:22 (verbal): Statement that Noah did all that God commanded him echoes the phrase 'as God had commanded him' in 7:16, emphasizing Noah's obedience.
- Gen.7:13 (structural): Earlier account of the same day when Noah, his family, and the animals entered the ark, using similar language about male and female and the entrance into the ark.
- Gen.7:23 (thematic): Depicts the result of the preservation in the ark — all other flesh perished while only Noah and those with him remained — showing the salvific effect of being 'shut in.'
Alternative generated candidates
- And those that went in, male and female of all flesh, went in as God had commanded him; and the LORD shut him in.
- And those that entered, male and female of all flesh, entered as God had commanded him; and YHWH shut him in.
Gen.7.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- המבול: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ארבעים: NUM,card
- יום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- וירבו: VERB,qal,wayy,3,m,pl
- המים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- וישאו: VERB,qal,wayy,3,m,pl
- את: PRT
- התבה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ותרם: VERB,qal,wayy,3,f,sg
- מעל: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Gen.7.12 (verbal): Specifies that the rain fell for forty days and forty nights, directly paralleling the duration 'the flood was forty days' in 7:17.
- Gen.8.3-4 (verbal): Describes the waters receding and the ark coming to rest on the mountains of Ararat, serving as the immediate resolution to the ark being lifted above the earth.
- Hebrews 11:7 (thematic): Summarizes Noah’s preservation through the flood as an act of faith and God’s judgment by water, thematically linked to the flood account.
- 1 Peter 3:20-21 (allusion): Alludes to the flood and the ark as a typological precursor to baptism and salvation, reflecting on the waters that judged the ungodly.
- Matthew 24:37-39 (thematic): Jesus compares the coming judgment to the days of Noah, invoking the sudden, widespread destruction of the flood as a warning.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the Flood was forty days upon the earth; and the waters increased and lifted up the ark, and it rose high above the earth.
- And the flood was forty days upon the earth; and the waters increased and lifted up the ark, and it was raised high above the earth.
Gen.7.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויגברו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- המים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- וירבו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- מאד: ADV
- על: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ותלך: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,f,sg
- התבה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- על: PREP
- פני: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- המים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- Genesis 7:17 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same episode: reports that the flood lasted forty days and that the waters increased and bore up the ark—same language of waters prevailing and the ark riding on the waters.
- Genesis 7:24 (verbal): Continues the flood narrative with the same motif—‘the waters prevailed (וַיִּגְבְּרוּ הַמָּיִם) over the earth’—and specifies the duration (150 days), reinforcing the image of waters dominating the land.
- 1 Peter 3:20 (allusion): New Testament reference to Noah and the ark: speaks of eight persons saved through water, alluding to the flood as God’s means of judgment and salvation and invoking the ark/waters imagery of Genesis 7.
- Matthew 24:37-39 (thematic): Uses the ‘days of Noah’ and the suddenness of the flood as an analogy for eschatological judgment—draws on the flood narrative (waters prevailing and destruction) to make a moral/prophetic point.
Alternative generated candidates
- The waters prevailed and increased greatly upon the earth, and the ark went on the face of the waters.
- The waters prevailed and increased greatly upon the earth, and the ark went upon the face of the waters.
Gen.7.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והמים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,def
- גברו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- מאד: ADV
- מאד: ADV
- על: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ויכסו: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- ההרים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- הגבהים: ADJ,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- תחת: PREP
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- השמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- Genesis 7:20 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the flood narrative repeating that the waters prevailed and specifying the depth by which the mountains were covered (twenty-five cubits), continuing the same description.
- Psalm 104:6-9 (thematic): Describes the waters covering the mountains and God setting limits on the waters—echoes the image of the flood covering high mountains and God’s eventual control over the waters.
- Job 38:8-11 (thematic): God recalls restraining the sea and setting its boundaries so that waters would not cover the earth—language and theme resonate with the flood’s overwhelming waters and divine sovereignty over them.
- Isaiah 54:9 (allusion): Refers to the waters of Noah and the flood as a precedent, promising that God will not again be angry to destroy—explicitly alludes to the global inundation that covered the mountains.
- 2 Peter 3:6 (allusion): New Testament reference to the ancient world being deluged and destroyed by water; interprets the Genesis flood as a formative, world-destroying event and connects to the same inundation motif.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the waters prevailed exceedingly, exceedingly upon the earth, and all the high mountains that were under all the heavens were covered.
- And the waters prevailed exceedingly upon the earth, and all the high mountains that are under all the heavens were covered.
Gen.7.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- חמש: NUM,card,sg
- עשרה: NUM,card
- אמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מלמעלה: PREP
- גברו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- המים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ויכסו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- ההרים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- Genesis 6:17 (allusion): God's prior declaration that He would bring a flood to destroy all flesh — sets up the event described in 7:20 where waters prevail and mountains are covered.
- Genesis 8:4 (structural): After the waters covered the mountains (7:20), the ark later comes to rest on the mountains of Ararat when the flood subsides, providing a narrative contrast and resolution.
- Psalm 104:6–7 (verbal): Uses very similar imagery — 'You covered it with the deep... the waters stood above the mountains' — echoing the language and motif of waters covering the mountains.
- 2 Peter 3:5–6 (thematic): Refers to the ancient flood that destroyed the world of that time, using the Noahic deluge as an example of divine judgment by water, thematically linked to Gen 7:20.
- Job 38:8–11 (thematic): God's control over the seas and the setting of limits on the waters contrasts and complements the image of waters prevailing over the mountains, highlighting divine sovereignty over the flood.
Alternative generated candidates
- Fifteen cubits upward the waters prevailed, and the mountains were covered.
- Fifteen cubits upward the waters prevailed, and the mountains were covered.
Gen.7.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויגוע: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- בשר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הרמש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- בעוף: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ובבהמה: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ובחיה: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ובכל: CONJ+PREP+PRON
- השרץ: NOUN,m,sg,def
- השרץ: NOUN,m,sg,def
- על: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- וכל: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- האדם: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Gen.6.17 (verbal): God's prior declaration that He will bring a flood to destroy all flesh — similar language about all flesh perishing (anticipatory statement of the same event).
- Gen.7.22 (verbal): Immediate narrative parallel/summary: restates that all living creatures on the dry land in whose nostrils was the breath of life died — a direct restatement of universal death.
- 1 Peter 3:20 (allusion): Refers to the generation of Noah who were disobedient and were preserved or destroyed in the days of Noah — alludes to the flood judgment that killed the ungodly.
- 2 Peter 2:5 (allusion): Speaks of God bringing a flood to destroy the ancient world and rescuing Noah — connects to the flood as divine judgment that annihilated 'all flesh.'
- Matthew 24:37-39 (thematic): Jesus uses the sudden destruction of people in Noah's time as a paradigm for coming judgment — thematically linked to the universality and finality of the flood's death.
Alternative generated candidates
- And all flesh perished that moved upon the earth: the birds, the livestock, the wild animals, and all the swarmers that swarm upon the earth, and all humankind.
- And all flesh perished that moved upon the earth—the bird, and the livestock, and the wild animal, and every swarming thing that swarms upon the earth, and all humankind.
Gen.7.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- אשר: PRON,rel
- נשמת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- רוח: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- חיים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- באפיו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
- מכל: PREP
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בחרבה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מתו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Gen.2.7 (verbal): Both verses use the image of God breathing life into the nostrils — Gen 2:7 describes the original giving of the 'breath of life' to man, which Gen 7:22 says was withdrawn by death in the Flood.
- Job 34:14-15 (verbal): Speaks of God removing his breath and all flesh perishing, echoing the causal link between divine breath and life found in Gen 7:22.
- Ps.104:29-30 (thematic): Describes God's taking away breath causing death and his sending of Spirit giving life — the same theological conviction that life depends on God's breath, as stated in Gen 7:22.
- Eccl.12:7 (thematic): Notes that the dust returns to the earth and the spirit returns to God who gave it, connecting the physical death of creatures with the return of the life-breath to God, as in Gen 7:22.
- Gen.9:15-16 (structural): After the Flood's destruction of 'every living thing' (Gen 7:22), God establishes a covenant promising never again to destroy all flesh by flood — a theological and narrative response to the total mortality described in Gen 7:22.
Alternative generated candidates
- Everything in whose nostrils was the breath of the spirit of life, of all that was on the dry land, died.
- Everything in whose nostrils was the breath of the spirit of life, of all that was on the dry land, died.
Gen.7.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וימח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- היקום: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- על: PREP
- פני: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- האדמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- מאדם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- בהמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- רמש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועד: CONJ+PREP
- עוף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- וימחו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- מן: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- וישאר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אך: PART
- נח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואשר: CONJ+PRON,rel
- אתו: PRT+PRON,3,m,sg
- בתבה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Gen.6.17 (verbal): God's prior declaration that He will bring a flood 'to destroy all flesh' echoes the language and scope of the wiping out described in 7:23.
- Gen.7.21-22 (verbal): Immediate parallel: these verses enumerate the same categories (man, cattle, creeping things, birds) and state that all with the breath of life perished — essentially the same report as 7:23.
- Gen.8.17 (thematic): Contrast and continuation: after the universal destruction, God commands Noah to bring out every living thing preserved in the ark, highlighting that only those in the ark survived the catastrophe described in 7:23.
- 2 Pet.3.6 (allusion): The New Testament refers to the flood as the means by which the 'world that then was' perished, invoking Gen 7's universal judgment as a model for divine punitive action and eschatological teaching.
- Matt.24.37-39 (thematic): Jesus' comparison of his coming to the 'days of Noah' evokes the sudden, comprehensive destruction of life in the flood (as in 7:23) to warn about unexpected judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he blotted out every living thing that was upon the face of the ground, from man to beast to creeping thing and to the birds of the heavens; and they were blotted out from the earth. Only Noah was left, and those who were with him in the ark.
- So he blotted out every living thing that was on the face of the ground—from man to beast, to creeping thing, and to the bird of the heavens. They were blotted out from the earth, and only Noah was left, and those who were with him in the ark.
Gen.7.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויגברו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- המים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- על: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- חמשים: NUM,card,pl
- ומאת: NUM,card
- יום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 8:3 (verbal): States that after the end of the hundred and fifty days the waters were abated — directly continues and echoes the 150‑day timeframe of Gen 7:24.
- Genesis 8:5 (structural): Describes the ark coming to rest on the mountains of Ararat after the waters receded — the immediate narrative consequence of the waters prevailing for 150 days.
- Genesis 7:11 (structural): Records the opening of the flood (the fountains of the deep and windows of heaven) at the beginning of the same deluge whose duration is summarized in Gen 7:24.
- 2 Peter 2:5 (allusion): New Testament reference to God’s judgment by water in Noah’s time — uses the flood as the historical event of divine judgment alluded to in Gen 7:24.
- Psalm 104:6–9 (thematic): Imagery of the earth covered with waters and God restraining and setting bounds on the waters parallels the motif of the primordial/deluge waters and God’s control over them in Genesis.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the waters prevailed upon the earth one hundred and fifty days.
- And the waters prevailed upon the earth a hundred and fifty days.
Gen.8.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויזכר: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- את: PRT
- נח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ+PRT
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- החיה: ADJ,f,sg,def
- ואת: CONJ+PRT
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- הבהמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אתו: PRT+PRON,3,m,sg
- בתבה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ויעבר: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- רוח: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- וישכו: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,pl
- המים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- Genesis 30:22 (verbal): Uses the same verb 'God remembered' (וַיִּזְכֹּר) — both passages signal a turning point where divine remembrance leads to new action on behalf of the vulnerable (Rachel conceiving; Noah delivered).
- Exodus 2:24-25 (verbal): God 'remembered' the covenant and the afflicted people; like Gen 8:1 this 'remembrance' triggers divine intervention to rescue those in peril.
- Genesis 1:2 (verbal): The imagery of God's 'wind/spirit' over the waters echoes Gen 8:1's 'a wind passed over the earth' — both connect divine wind/Spirit with ordering or calming the primordial waters.
- Exodus 14:21-22 (thematic): God uses a strong wind to control the waters and bring deliverance (parting the sea), paralleling Gen 8:1 where a wind causes the floodwaters to abate and enables salvation in the ark.
- Psalm 104:6-9 (thematic): Describes waters covering the earth and then retreating at God's command; similar cosmic motif of God restraining the flood and reestablishing dry land as in Gen 8:1.
Alternative generated candidates
- And God remembered Noah, and all the wild animals and all the livestock that were with him in the ark; and God made a wind pass over the earth, and the waters subsided.
- And God remembered Noah and all the animals and all the livestock that were with him in the ark. And God caused a wind to pass over the earth, and the waters subsided.
Gen.8.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויסכרו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- מעינת: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- תהום: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וארבת: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- השמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ויכלא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- הגשם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מן: PREP
- השמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- Genesis 7:11 (structural): Direct counterpart in the flood narrative: Genesis 7:11 describes the opening of the 'springs of the deep' and 'windows of heaven' at the start of the flood; Genesis 8:2 reports that these same sources were stopped.
- Job 38:8-11 (verbal): God's speech about controlling the waters uses similar language — shutting up the sea with doors and setting limits ('This far shall you come, and no further') — echoing the idea of stopping and bounding the waters.
- Psalm 104:6-9 (thematic): Psalms praises God for rebuking and bounding the waters so they no longer cover the earth, paralleling the motif of God restraining the chaotic waters after the flood.
- Isaiah 54:9 (allusion): Isaiah invokes the waters of Noah as a covenantal image — God swore the waters should no more go over the earth — reflecting the finality of the flood's cessation referenced in Genesis 8:2.
- 2 Peter 3:5-7 (allusion): The New Testament recalls the primeval world destroyed by water and contrasts it with future judgment by fire; it alludes to the flood tradition and the cessation of the floodwaters narrated in Genesis.
Alternative generated candidates
- The springs of the deep and the windows of the heavens were closed, and the rain from the heavens was restrained.
- The springs of the deep and the windows of the heavens were closed, and the rain from the heavens was restrained.
Gen.8.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- המים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- מעל: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- הלוך: VERB,qal,ptc,NA,m,sg
- ושוב: VERB,qal,ptc,NA,m,sg
- ויחסרו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- המים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- מקצה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חמשים: NUM,card,m,pl
- ומאת: NUM,card
- יום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Gen.7.24 (structural): Same flood narrative noting the duration 'a hundred and fifty days'—places Gen 8:3 within the overall temporal framework of the deluge.
- Gen.8.2 (structural): Describes the cessation of the fountains of the deep and the windows of heaven, explaining the cause for the waters' retreat mentioned in Gen 8:3.
- Ps.104:6-9 (thematic): Psalm portrays God restraining and setting bounds on the waters—echoes the divine control over the flood and the retreat of waters in Gen 8:3.
- Isa.54:9 (allusion): Uses the waters of Noah as a covenantal image ('as I swore that the waters of Noah should no more go over the earth'), alluding to the end of the flood described in Gen 8:3.
- 2 Pet.3:6 (allusion): Refers to the ancient world being deluged and destroyed by water in Noah's time—invokes the same event whose abatement is recorded in Gen 8:3 as a typological precedent.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the waters returned from upon the earth, going and returning, and the waters had abated at the end of one hundred and fifty days.
- And the waters returned from upon the earth, going and returning, and the waters diminished after the end of one hundred and fifty days.
Gen.8.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ותנח: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- התבה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- בחדש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השביעי: ADJ,m,sg,def
- בשבעה: PREP+NUM,card,m,sg
- עשר: NUM,card,f,sg
- יום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לחדש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- הרי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- אררט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Gen.7.11 (verbal): Same calendrical motif: both verses mark the 17th day of a month as a key chronological anchor for the flood narrative (beginning of the flood in 7:11; ark's resting on 8:4).
- Gen.8.5 (structural): Continues the same episode — reports the receding of the waters and the appearance of mountain tops, connecting the ark's resting (8:4) with the gradual emergence of dry land (8:5).
- Ps.104.6-9 (thematic): Poetic depiction of waters covering the mountains and then fleeing at God’s rebuke parallels the theological motif in Genesis of divine control over the floodwaters and the eventual rising of the mountains/land.
- 2 Pet.3.6 (allusion): New Testament reference to the ancient world being deluged by water echoes the Genesis flood account and implicitly recalls details such as the ark and the waters’ dominance and withdrawal.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the ark came to rest in the seventh month, on the seventeenth day of the month, on the mountains of Ararat.
- And the ark came to rest in the seventh month, on the seventeenth day of the month, upon the mountains of Ararat.
Gen.8.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והמים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,def
- היו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- הלוך: VERB,qal,part,0,m,sg
- וחסור: CONJ+VERB,qal,part,0,m,sg
- עד: PREP
- החדש: NOUN,m,sg,def
- העשירי: ADJ,m,sg,def
- בעשירי: PREP+ADJ,m,sg,def
- באחד: PREP+NUM,card,m,sg,def
- לחדש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נראו: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,pl
- ראשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- ההרים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- Genesis 8:3 (verbal): Immediate verbal/narrative parallel: both verses describe the receding of the floodwaters and the progressive diminution of the waters before the mountains became visible.
- Genesis 8:13-14 (structural): Continued chronological sequence in the flood narrative: after the mountains' tops are seen (8:5), these verses record the later dates when Noah opened the ark and the earth was dry, completing the drying process.
- Psalm 104:6-9 (allusion): Poetic parallel: describes waters covering the earth and standing above the mountains, then fleeing at God's rebuke—echoes the motif of waters subsiding to reveal the mountains.
- Isaiah 54:9 (thematic): The prophet invokes 'the waters of Noah' as an image of divine judgment and covenantal aftermath, thematically linking the floodwaters' covering and subsequent clearing of the earth to Genesis imagery.
- 1 Peter 3:20-21 (allusion): New Testament allusion to the flood story: Peter cites Noah and the waters as a typological event of judgment and salvation, drawing on the same flood narrative context in which the mountains reappear as the waters recede.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the waters were going and abating until the tenth month; in the tenth, on the first day of the month, the tops of the mountains were seen.
- And the waters were going and abating until the tenth month; in the tenth, on the first day of the month, the tops of the mountains were seen.
Gen.8.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- מקץ: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ארבעים: NUM,card
- יום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויפתח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- נח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT
- חלון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- התבה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- עשה: VERB,qal,ptc,m,sg
Parallels
- Gen 6:16 (verbal): God's instruction to Noah to make a window in the ark — the same ark feature that Noah opens in Gen 8:6.
- Gen 7:11 (verbal): The phrase 'the windows of the heavens were opened' (rain beginning) creates a verbal/imagistic play with Noah opening the ark's window later in the flood narrative.
- Gen 7:12 (verbal): The flood narrative's repeated 'forty days and forty nights' links temporally to Gen 8:6's 'after forty days' — the same forty-day motif.
- Gen 8:7 (structural): Direct narrative continuation: immediately after opening the window Noah sends out a raven (and later a dove), so Gen 8:6 initiates the sequence of sending birds to test the waters.
- Gen 8:13-14 (thematic): The later report that the earth was drying and Noah removed the ark's covering and left connects thematically to the opening of the window as part of the process of assessing and leaving the ark.
Alternative generated candidates
- And it came to pass at the end of forty days that Noah opened the window of the ark that he had made.
- And it came to pass at the end of forty days that Noah opened the window of the ark that he had made,
Gen.8.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישלח: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- את: PRT
- הערב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ויצא: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- יצוא: VERB,qal,inf_abs
- ושוב: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- עד: PREP
- יבשת: NOUN,f,sg,cstr
- המים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- מעל: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Gen.8.6 (structural): Immediate narrative precursor: Noah waits seven days and then sends out the bird (the raven) — part of the same episode and sequence.
- Gen.8.8-12 (structural): Direct parallel/contrast within the flood narrative: after the raven Noah sends the dove, which behaves differently and ultimately brings back an olive leaf as a sign the waters abated.
- 1 Kgs.17:4-6 (thematic): God commands ravens to feed Elijah during a drought; both passages portray ravens as agents in God’s providential activity during a period of water crisis.
- Job 38:41 (verbal): God’s rhetorical question about who provides for the raven underscores divine oversight of ravens—resonant with God’s control over the raven’s movements in Noah’s story.
- Luke 12:24 (thematic): Jesus’ remark that ravens do not sow yet are fed by God echoes the biblical motif of ravens as creatures under God’s providence, connecting to their role in the flood narrative.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he sent out the raven; it went out, going to and fro, until the waters were dried up from upon the earth.
- and he sent forth the raven; and it went out, going out and returning, until the waters were dried from upon the earth.
Gen.8.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישלח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT
- היונה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- מאתו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- לראות: INF,qal
- הקלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- המים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- מעל: PREP
- פני: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- האדמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Gen.8.6 (structural): The immediate narrative parallel: before sending the dove Noah sent out a raven to check whether the floodwaters had receded, forming a structural pair with Gen 8:8.
- Gen.8.10-11 (verbal): Direct continuation of the dove motif — the dove is sent again and returns with an olive leaf, explicitly signaling that the waters had abated (verbal and narrative parallel).
- John 1:32 (allusion): John the Baptist reports seeing the Spirit descend 'like a dove'; this alludes to dove imagery as a heavenly sign, echoing the dove sent from Noah as a sign about the state of the world.
- Matt.3:16 (thematic): At Jesus' baptism the Spirit descends 'like a dove'; thematically the dove functions as a sign of divine presence/approval and peace, resonating with the dove's role in the Noah narrative.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then he sent out the dove from him, to see whether the waters had abated from upon the face of the ground.
- Then he sent out the dove from him, to see whether the waters had abated from upon the face of the ground.
Gen.8.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולא: CONJ
- מצאה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- היונה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- מנוח: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לכף: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- רגלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,f,sg
- ותשב: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- אל: PREP
- התבה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- כי: CONJ
- מים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- על: PREP
- פני: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- וישלח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ידו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ויקחה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg+PRON,3,f,sg
- ויבא: VERB,hif,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- אל: PREP
- התבה: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Gen.8.7 (structural): Immediate narrative parallel: Noah first sends the raven which does not return before he sends the dove (sets up contrast in birds' behavior).
- Gen.8.11 (verbal): Direct continuation: the dove returns with an olive leaf, giving the positive sign of receding waters that contrasts with 8:9's failure to find a resting place.
- Gen.8.12 (structural): Follow-up action: on a later sending the dove does not return, indicating it found rest—completes the motive arc begun in 8:9 (no rest → eventual rest/landing).
- 1 Pet.3.20–21 (allusion): New Testament allusion to Noah, the ark, and the flood used typologically for salvation and baptism; recalls the same flood narrative context in which the dove appears.
- Luke 17:26–27 (thematic): Jesus' reference to 'as it was in the days of Noah' uses the flood story as a typological warning about sudden divine action—echoes the broader theological significance of the flood episode that includes the dove episode in 8:9.
Alternative generated candidates
- But the dove found no resting place for the sole of her foot, and she returned to him into the ark, for waters were on the face of all the earth; and he put out his hand and took her and brought her to him into the ark.
- But the dove found no resting place for the sole of her foot, and she returned to him to the ark, for waters were upon the face of all the earth. And he put out his hand and took her and brought her to him into the ark.
Gen.8.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויחל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עוד: ADV
- שבעת: NUM,m,sg,cons
- ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אחרים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- ויסף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- שלח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT
- היונה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- מן: PREP
- התבה: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Genesis 8:7 (verbal): Immediately prior/parallel action in the same narrative: Noah first sends out a raven (וישלח את־התרנה), showing the sequence of sending birds and similar verbal phrasing (’sent out’).
- Genesis 8:12 (structural): Follow-up to 8:10 in the same episode: the dove returns with an olive leaf, completing the reconnaissance and providing the sign of receding waters and restoration of the land.
- Genesis 8:6 (verbal): The verse immediately before 8:10 notes that Noah ‘waited yet seven days’—the same waiting period framing the sending of the dove (repeated seven-day intervals in the sequence).
- 1 Kings 17:4–6 (thematic): Ravens are sent by God to serve Elijah (bringing him food), reflecting the motif of birds as instruments of divine provision and action, paralleling the ark’s use of birds to test and reveal God’s purposes.
- Matthew 3:16; Luke 3:22 (allusion): The dove appears at Jesus’ baptism as a symbol descending from heaven. Though a different context, it connects to the broader biblical motif of the dove as a sign of God’s presence, peace, or new beginnings—resonant with the ark narrative’s sign of restoration.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he waited yet another seven days, and again he sent out the dove from the ark.
- And he waited yet another seven days, and again he sent out the dove from the ark.
Gen.8.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ותבא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,f,sg
- אליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- היונה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- לעת: PREP
- ערב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- והנה: CONJ+INTJ
- עלה: NOUN,m,pl,const
- זית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- טרף: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- בפיה: PREP,3,f,sg
- וידע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- נח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- קלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- המים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- מעל: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Gen.8.10 (structural): Earlier sending of the dove that returned because it found no rest—sets up the contrast with verse 8:11 when the dove brings an olive leaf.
- Gen.8.12 (structural): The subsequent report that the dove did not return, completing the dove-mission sequence and confirming the earth’s recovery begun in 8:11.
- Gen.8.5 (verbal): Statement that 'the waters decreased' parallels 8:11's conclusion that Noah knew the waters had abated from the earth (shared language and theme of receding waters).
- Psalm 104:6-9 (thematic): A poetic depiction of the floodwaters covering and then receding from the earth—the same motif of divine control over the waters and restoration of the land.
- Matt.3:16 (also Mark 1:10; Luke 3:22; John 1:32) (allusion): The dove as a sign—here signaling peace/restoration after the Flood; in the Gospels the dove likewise signals divine presence (the Spirit) at Jesus’ baptism.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the dove came to him at evening; and behold, an olive leaf, freshly plucked, was in her mouth; and Noah knew that the waters had abated from upon the earth.
- And the dove came to him at eventide, and behold, a freshly plucked olive leaf was in her mouth; so Noah knew that the waters had abated from upon the earth.
Gen.8.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וייחל: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- עוד: ADV
- שבעת: NUM,m,sg,construct
- ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אחרים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- וישלח: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- את: PRT
- היונה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ולא: CONJ
- יספה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- שוב: ADV
- אליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- עוד: ADV
Parallels
- Genesis 8:11 (verbal): Immediate context: the dove returns with an olive leaf, making explicit why Noah waited and sent the dove again — direct verbal and narrative continuation.
- Genesis 8:6–7 (verbal): Earlier sending of the raven and the dove establishes the pattern of sending birds to test the waters; parallels the action and purpose of the dove in 8:12.
- Genesis 9:12–17 (thematic): After the flood narrative, God’s covenant and sign (the rainbow) confirm the flood’s end and renewal of creation — thematically connected to the dove as sign of land and new beginning.
- Matthew 3:16 (allusion): The dove appears in the NT as a divine sign (the Spirit descending on Jesus), echoing the Genesis dove motif of God’s presence, peace, and a new era.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he waited yet another seven days, and sent out the dove; and she did not return to him again.
- Then he waited yet another seven days and sent out the dove, and she did not return to him again.
Gen.8.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- באחת: PREP,NUM,f,sg
- ושש: CONJ,NUM,m,sg
- מאות: NUM,card,f,pl
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בראשון: PREP,ORD,m,sg
- באחד: PREP,NUM,m,sg
- לחדש: PREP,NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חרבו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- המים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- מעל: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ויסר: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,sg
- נח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT
- מכסה: NOUN,m,sg,cs
- התבה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- וירא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- והנה: CONJ+INTJ
- חרבו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- פני: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- האדמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Genesis 8:5 (verbal): Similar dating and imagery about receding waters—both verses report specific month/day markers and sighting of the land as the flood abates ('tops of the mountains were seen').
- Genesis 8:14 (verbal): Closely parallel report of the earth becoming dry (later dating): both verses use the same declaration that the earth was dry, giving a fuller chronology of the drying process.
- Genesis 7:24 (structural): Provides the broader temporal context for the flood ('waters prevailed... an hundred and fifty days'), anchoring Gen 8:13's report of the waters' recession within the flood chronology.
- Hebrews 11:7 (thematic): Uses Noah and the ark as an example of faith and salvation through water; thematically connects Gen 8:13's account of deliverance and the end of the flood to New Testament interpretation of Noah's significance.
- 2 Peter 2:5 (allusion): Alludes to the Noahic flood and God's saving of Noah as a pattern of judgment and rescue; echoes the historical event recorded in Gen 8:13 while applying it theologically to later teaching.
Alternative generated candidates
- And it came to pass in the six hundred and first year, in the first month, on the first day of the month, the waters were dried from upon the earth; and Noah removed the covering of the ark and looked, and behold, the face of the ground was dry.
- And it came to pass in the six hundred and first year, in the first month, on the first of the month, that the waters had dried from upon the earth; and Noah removed the covering of the ark and looked, and behold, the face of the ground was dry.
Gen.8.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ובחדש: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השני: ADJ,m,sg,def
- בשבעה: PREP+NUM,card,m,sg,abs
- ועשרים: CONJ+NUM,card,m,pl
- יום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לחדש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יבשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Gen.8.13 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the flood chronology—both verses report the drying of the earth with precise month/day dating; 8:13 describes waters abating and Noah removing the ark covering just prior to 8:14's statement that the earth was dry.
- Gen.7.11 (verbal): Uses the same calendrical language (second month) to mark the beginning of the flood (2nd month, 17th day), creating a bookended temporal framework between the flood's start and the earth's drying (2nd month, 27th day).
- Gen.7.24 (structural): States the waters prevailed 150 days; provides the broader chronological/structural context for the phases of inundation and recession culminating in the earth becoming dry in 8:14.
- Gen.8.15-19 (structural): Immediate narrative continuation: after the earth is declared dry (8:14), God commands Noah to leave the ark and Noah obeys—8:14 functions as the turning point enabling the ark's inhabitants to disembark.
- 1 Pet.3.20-21 (allusion): New Testament allusion to Noah's deliverance through the ark and emergence after the waters as a typological reference to salvation and baptism—connects the motif of earth drying and new beginning to theological interpretation.
Alternative generated candidates
- And in the second month, on the twenty-seventh day of the month, the earth was dry.
- And in the second month, on the twenty-seventh day of the month, the earth was dry.
Gen.8.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אל: PREP
- נח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
Parallels
- Gen.6:13 (verbal): Same prophetic formula — God directly addresses Noah about the impending judgment (Hebrew: 'וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹהִים אֶל־נֹחַ'), establishing the divine speech frame that continues in Gen 8:15.
- Gen.7:1 (structural): Parallel command structure — earlier God tells Noah to enter the ark ('Come thou and all thy house into the ark'); Gen 8:15 is the corresponding command to leave, framing the ark narrative with divine imperatives.
- Gen.9:8 (thematic): God again speaks to Noah (and his sons) to announce the post‑flood covenant and new instructions; continues the theme of God's direct covenantal speech to Noah after the flood.
- Gen.12:1 (thematic): Similar patriarchal call formula — 'Now the LORD said unto Abram' — another instance where God’s spoken command initiates a pivotal movement/mission for a patriarch, paralleling the functional role of divine speech in Gen 8:15.
Alternative generated candidates
- And God spoke to Noah, saying:
- Then God spoke to Noah, saying,
Gen.8.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- צא: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- מן: PREP
- התבה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- ואשתך: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs+SUF:2,m,sg
- ובניך: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs+SUF:2,m,sg
- ונשי: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs+SUF:2,m,sg
- בניך: NOUN,m,pl,abs+SUF:2,m,sg
- אתך: PREP+SUF:2,m,sg
Parallels
- Genesis 7:1 (verbal): The reverse command at the flood's outset — God tells Noah and his household to 'come into the ark,' which parallels the later command to come out.
- Genesis 6:18 (thematic): God's covenant promise to preserve Noah and his family 'with you shall come into the ark' frames the preservation that makes the later exit possible.
- Genesis 8:18 (verbal): Immediate narrative parallel: this verse records the actual action — Noah, his wife, his sons and their wives 'went forth' from the ark, repeating the persons named in 8:16.
- Genesis 9:1 (thematic): God's blessing to Noah and his sons ('Be fruitful and multiply') follows and presupposes their exit from the ark as the renewal of human life on earth.
- 1 Peter 3:20-21 (allusion): The New Testament draws on the ark motif: the rescue of eight persons through the waters is used typologically to speak of salvation and new life, echoing the significance of leaving the ark.
Alternative generated candidates
- Go out from the ark, you and your wife and your sons and your sons’ wives with you.
- Go out from the ark—you and your wife, and your sons and your sons’ wives with you.
Gen.8.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- החיה: ADJ,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אתך: PRON,2,m,sg
- מכל: PREP
- בשר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בעוף: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ובבהמה: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ובכל: CONJ+PREP+PRON
- הרמש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הרמש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- היצא: VERB,hiphil,impv,2,m,sg
- אתך: PRON,2,m,sg
- ושרצו: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ופרו: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- ורבו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
- על: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Gen.1.20-22 (verbal): At creation God commands birds and sea creatures to "be fruitful and multiply"; similar vocabulary and the instruction for living creatures to reproduce.
- Gen.1.24-25 (thematic): The original creation of land animals — Genesis establishes the categories of beasts, which are now released again to "swarm on the earth" after the Flood.
- Gen.6.19-20 (structural): Prior instruction to Noah to bring into the ark 'every living thing' mirrors Gen 8:17, which commands those same creatures to come out of the ark.
- Gen.9.1,7 (verbal): Post-flood blessings to Noah (and to all creatures in 9:1) repeat the command 'be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth,' echoing Gen 8:17's purpose for releasing the animals.
Alternative generated candidates
- Bring out with you every living thing that is with you of all flesh, of birds and of beasts and of every creeping thing that creeps upon the earth, that they may swarm on the earth, and be fruitful and multiply upon the earth.
- Bring out with you every living thing that is with you of all flesh—of birds and of beasts and of every creeping thing that creeps on the earth—so that they may swarm on the earth and be fruitful and multiply on the earth.
Gen.8.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויצא: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- נח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ובניו: CONJ+NOUN,cnst,m,pl,suff:3,m
- ואשתו: NOUN,f,sg,poss3,m
- ונשי: CONJ+NOUN,cnst,f,pl
- בניו: NOUN,cnst,m,pl,suff:3,m
- אתו: PRT+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Gen.7.13 (verbal): Nearly identical wording listing Noah, his sons, his wife, and his sons' wives — here they enter the ark, providing a direct verbal parallel to their exit in 8:18.
- Gen.6.18 (verbal): God's command/covenant specifying that Noah, his sons, his wife, and his sons' wives enter the ark; anticipatory verbal parallel to the same group emerging in 8:18.
- Gen.9.1 (thematic): After leaving the ark God blesses Noah and his sons to 'be fruitful and multiply,' thematically linked to their departure and role in repopulating the earth.
- 1 Pet.3.20 (allusion): New Testament allusion to the eight who were saved through water, echoing Noah and his family's preservation and emergence from the ark.
- Heb.11.7 (thematic): Noah is commended for faith in the NT; the account of his family emerging from the ark is thematically tied to obedience and salvation in this passage.
Alternative generated candidates
- So Noah went out, and his sons and his wife and his sons’ wives with him.
- So Noah went out, and his sons and his wife and his sons’ wives with him.
Gen.8.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- החיה: ADJ,f,sg,def
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- הרמש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכל: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- העוף: NOUN,m,sg,def
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- רומש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- למשפחתיהם: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,construct,3,mp
- יצאו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- מן: PREP
- התבה: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Genesis 7:15 (verbal): Almost identical catalog of animals entering/leaving the ark; repeats the movement of 'every living thing' by families/kinds.
- Genesis 6:19-20 (quotation): God's command to Noah to bring pairs of every living thing into the ark—background instruction that explains why animals come out of the ark.
- Genesis 1:24-25 (structural): Creation account where the earth brings forth animals 'after their kinds'; echoes the formula 'after their kinds' and the categorization of land animals and creeping things.
- 1 Peter 3:20 (allusion): New Testament reference to the 'days of Noah' and rescue through water; thematically connects the ark episode with salvation/preservation in Scripture.
- Hebrews 11:7 (thematic): Highlights Noah's obedience in building the ark to save his household; thematically linked to the ark as means of preservation for humans and animals.
Alternative generated candidates
- Every living thing, every creeping thing, and every bird, everything that moves upon the earth, by their families, went out of the ark.
- Every living thing, every creeping thing, and every bird, everything that moves upon the earth, went out from the ark by their families.
Gen.8.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויבן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- נח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מזבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,def
- ויקח: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,sg
- מכל: PREP
- הבהמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- הטהורה: ADJ,f,sg,def
- ומכל: CONJ+PREP
- העוף: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הטהר: ADJ,m,sg,def
- ויעל: VERB,qal,impr,3,m,sg
- עלת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- במזבח: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Genesis 4:3-4 (thematic): Early human sacrifice: like Abel’s offering of the firstlings, Noah offers animal sacrifices in response to God — both represent primitive cultic actions and divine acceptance of an animal offering.
- Genesis 12:7-8 (structural): Abram builds an altar to the LORD when God appears/promises him the land — parallels the pattern of building an altar after a divine encounter or deliverance.
- Genesis 22:9-13 (thematic): Both scenes center on sacrificial action and divine response/provision (Abraham’s near‑sacrifice and the ram provided; Noah’s burnt offering and God’s favourable reaction), highlighting covenantal/relational motifs tied to sacrifice.
- Exodus 20:24 (structural): God’s instruction about making altars and offering sacrifices establishes the cultic practice underlying Noah’s spontaneous altar-building — shows continuity between individual altars and later commanded worship sites.
- Leviticus 1:1-17 (verbal): Detailed regulations for the olah (burnt offering) echo the terminology and purpose of Noah’s ‘עלה’ — Noah’s act anticipates the institutionalized burnt‑offering form prescribed in Leviticus.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Noah built an altar to the LORD, and took of every clean beast and of every clean bird, and offered burnt offerings on the altar.
- And Noah built an altar to YHWH and took of every clean animal and of every clean bird and offered burnt offerings on the altar.
Gen.8.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וירח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT
- ריח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הניחח: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: PREP
- לבו: NOUN,m,sg,suf:3ms
- לא: PART,neg
- אסף: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
- לקלל: VERB,qal,inf
- עוד: ADV
- את: PRT
- האדמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- בעבור: PREP
- האדם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- כי: CONJ
- יצר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- האדם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- רע: ADJ,m,sg
- מנעריו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,suf:3ms
- ולא: CONJ
- אסף: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
- עוד: ADV
- להכות: VERB,qal,inf
- את: PRT
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- חי: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- כאשר: CONJ
- עשיתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
Parallels
- Gen.6:5-7 (thematic): Describes the pre-flood reason for God’s judgment — human wickedness and God’s intent to destroy — which Genesis 8:21 now contrasts by resolving not to curse the ground or wipe out all life again.
- Gen.9:11-17 (structural): The Noahic covenant immediately follows and formalizes Genesis 8:21’s promise: God pledges never again to destroy all flesh by a flood and gives the rainbow as its sign.
- Lev.1:9 (verbal): Uses the same sacrificial language — an offering producing a ‘pleasing aroma/odor to the LORD’ — linking Noah’s sacrifice in 8:20–21 to cultic vocabulary for accepted worship.
- Jer.17:9 (thematic): Declares the deceitful/corrupt nature of the human heart — a later prophetic restatement of the idea in 8:21 that ‘the imagination of man’s heart is evil from his youth.’
- Rom.3:10-12 (thematic): Paul’s summary of universal human sinfulness (‘none righteous… all have turned aside’) echoes Genesis 8:21’s assertion of innate human evil as the basis for God’s moral assessment.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the LORD smelled the pleasing aroma, and the LORD said in his heart, I will not again curse the ground because of humankind, for the inclination of the heart of humankind is evil from his youth; nor will I again strike down every living thing as I have done.
- And YHWH smelled the pleasing aroma, and YHWH said in his heart, I will not again curse the ground because of the human, for the inclination of the human heart is evil from his youth; nor will I again strike down all living as I have done.
Gen.8.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- עד: PREP
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- ימי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- זרע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וקציר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וקר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וחם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וקיץ: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וחרף: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויום: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולילה: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לא: PART,neg
- ישבתו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Genesis 1:14-19 (structural): Both passages ground the regular cycle of day, night and seasons in God’s ordering of creation — Gen 1 assigns lights to mark times, days and years, which Gen 8:22 affirms will continue.
- Jeremiah 31:35-36 (allusion): Jeremiah invokes the fixed ordinances of sun and moon as guarantees of God’s covenantal faithfulness, echoing Gen 8:22’s appeal to the continual operation of seasons as a sign of divine constancy.
- Psalm 104:19 (verbal): The psalm explicitly links the moon and sun to the marking of seasons and times, using language close to Gen 8:22’s theme of ongoing seedtime and harvest and the rhythms of day and night.
- Ecclesiastes 3:1-8 (thematic): Both texts emphasize the regular, appointed rhythms of life and nature — ‘a time for everything’ parallels Gen 8:22’s assurance that seasonal cycles and temporal rhythms will not cease.
Alternative generated candidates
- While all the days of the earth remain, seedtime and harvest, cold and heat, summer and winter, and day and night shall not cease.
- While all the days of the earth remain, seedtime and harvest, cold and heat, summer and winter, and day and night shall not cease.
And it happened, when humankind began to multiply on the face of the earth, and daughters were born to them,
that the sons of God saw the daughters of humankind, that they were beautiful; and they took for themselves wives from all whom they chose. And the LORD said, My Spirit shall not abide in the human forever, for he also is flesh; and his days shall be one hundred and twenty years.
The Nephilim were on the earth in those days—and also afterward—when the sons of God came in to the daughters of humankind and they bore children to them. These were the mighty ones who were of old, men of renown. And the LORD saw that the wickedness of the human was great in the earth, and that every inclination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil all the day. And the LORD regretted that he had made the human on the earth, and it grieved him to his heart. And the LORD said, I will wipe out the human whom I have created from the face of the ground—from human to livestock, to creeping thing, and to the bird of the heavens—for I regret that I have made them. But Noah found favor in the eyes of the LORD.
These are the generations of Noah. Noah was a righteous man, blameless in his generations; Noah walked with God. And Noah fathered three sons: Shem, Ham, and Japheth. Now the earth was ruined before God, and the earth was filled with violence. And God saw the earth, and behold, it was ruined, for all flesh had ruined its way upon the earth. And God said to Noah, The end of all flesh has come before me, for the earth is filled with violence because of them; and behold, I am about to destroy them with the earth.
Make for yourself an ark of gopher wood; rooms you shall make in the ark, and you shall cover it with pitch inside and out.
This is how you shall make it: the length of the ark three hundred cubits, its breadth fifty cubits, and its height thirty cubits.
A window you shall make for the ark, and you shall finish it to a cubit from above; and the entrance of the ark you shall set in its side. Make it with lower, second, and third stories. And I—behold, I am bringing the flood of waters upon the earth to destroy all flesh in which is the breath of life under the heavens; everything that is on the earth shall perish. But I will establish my covenant with you; and you shall come into the ark—you, and your sons, and your wife, and your sons’ wives with you. And of every living thing, of all flesh, two of every kind you shall bring into the ark to keep alive with you; they shall be male and female.
Of the bird according to its kind, and of the livestock according to its kind, of every creeping thing of the ground according to its kind, two of every sort shall come to you to keep alive. And you, take for yourself of every food that is eaten, and gather it to yourself, and it shall be for you and for them for food. And Noah did according to all that God commanded him; so he did.
Then the LORD said to Noah, Come, you and all your household, into the ark; for you I have seen righteous before me in this generation.
Of every clean animal take with you seven pairs, the male and his mate; and of the animal that is not clean, two, the male and his mate.
Also of the birds of the heavens, seven pairs, male and female, to keep seed alive on the face of all the earth.
For in seven days more I am causing it to rain on the earth forty days and forty nights; and I will wipe out from the face of the ground every living thing that I have made. And Noah did according to all that the LORD commanded him. And Noah was six hundred years old when the flood of waters was upon the earth. And Noah and his sons and his wife and his sons’ wives with him went into the ark because of the waters of the flood.
Of the clean animals and of the animals that are not clean, and of the birds, and of everything that creeps on the ground,
two by two they came to Noah into the ark, male and female, as God had commanded Noah. And it happened after seven days that the waters of the flood were upon the earth.
In the six hundredth year of Noah’s life, in the second month, on the seventeenth day of the month—on that day all the fountains of the great deep were split open, and the windows of the heavens were opened. And the rain was upon the earth forty days and forty nights.
On that very day Noah came, and Shem and Ham and Japheth, the sons of Noah, and Noah’s wife and the three wives of his sons with them, into the ark.
They and every wild animal after its kind, and all the livestock after its kind, and every creeping thing that creeps on the earth after its kind, and every bird after its kind—every bird, every winged creature—
they came to Noah into the ark, two by two of all flesh in which is the breath of life. And those that came, male and female of all flesh, came as God had commanded him; and the LORD shut him in. And the flood was forty days upon the earth; and the waters increased and lifted up the ark, and it rose high above the earth. And the waters prevailed and increased greatly upon the earth, and the ark went upon the face of the waters. And the waters prevailed very greatly upon the earth, and all the high mountains that were under all the heavens were covered.
Fifteen cubits upward the waters prevailed, and the mountains were covered. And all flesh perished that moved upon the earth—birds and livestock and wild animals and all the swarming creatures that swarm upon the earth—and all humankind.
Everything on dry land in whose nostrils was the breath of the spirit of life died. And he wiped out every existing thing that was on the face of the ground—from human to livestock to creeping thing and to the bird of the heavens; they were wiped from the earth, and only Noah was left, and those who were with him in the ark. And the waters prevailed upon the earth one hundred and fifty days. And God remembered Noah, and all the living creatures and all the livestock that were with him in the ark; and God made a wind pass over the earth, and the waters subsided.
The fountains of the deep were stopped up, and the windows of the heavens were closed, and the rain from the heavens was restrained. And the waters receded from upon the earth, going and returning; and at the end of one hundred and fifty days the waters had abated. And the ark came to rest in the seventh month, on the seventeenth day of the month, on the mountains of Ararat. And the waters were going and abating until the tenth month; in the tenth, on the first day of the month, the tops of the mountains were seen. And it happened at the end of forty days that Noah opened the window of the ark that he had made,
and he sent forth the raven; and it went out, going out and returning, until the waters were dried up from upon the earth.
Then he sent forth the dove from him, to see whether the waters had abated from upon the face of the ground. But the dove found no resting place for the sole of her foot, and she returned to him to the ark, for waters were on the face of all the earth; and he stretched out his hand and took her and brought her to himself into the ark. And he waited yet another seven days, and again he sent forth the dove from the ark. And the dove came to him at eventide, and behold, an olive leaf freshly plucked was in her mouth; so Noah knew that the waters had abated from upon the earth. And he waited yet another seven days, and he sent forth the dove, and she did not return again to him anymore. And it happened in the six hundred and first year, in the first month, on the first day of the month, the waters had dried from upon the earth; and Noah removed the covering of the ark and looked, and behold, the face of the ground was dry. And in the second month, on the twenty-seventh day of the month, the earth was dry. And God spoke to Noah, saying,
Go out of the ark—you, and your wife, and your sons, and your sons’ wives with you.
Every living thing that is with you, of all flesh—of bird and of livestock and of every creeping thing that creeps upon the earth—bring out with you; and let them swarm on the earth, and be fruitful and multiply on the earth. And Noah went out, and his sons and his wife and his sons’ wives with him.
Every living thing, every creeping thing and every bird—everything that moves upon the earth—according to their families, went out from the ark. And Noah built an altar to the LORD, and he took of every clean animal and of every clean bird, and offered burnt offerings on the altar. And the LORD smelled the soothing aroma, and the LORD said in his heart, I will not again curse the ground because of the human, for the inclination of the human heart is evil from his youth; nor will I again strike down every living thing as I have done.
While all the days of the earth remain, seedtime and harvest, cold and heat, summer and winter, and day and night shall not cease.