God’s Covenant with Noah
Genesis 9:1-17
Gen.9.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויברך: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- את: PRT
- נח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ+PRT
- בניו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3,m,sg
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,pl,m
- פרו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
- ורבו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
- ומלאו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
- את: PRT
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Genesis 1:28 (verbal): Uses the same blessing formula — “Be fruitful and multiply” and fill the earth — as God’s original creation mandate to humanity.
- Genesis 1:22 (verbal): God’s blessing on living creatures to “be fruitful and multiply” parallels the reproductive blessing granted to Noah and his sons.
- Genesis 9:7 (verbal): Immediate repetition of the command within the Noah narrative — again charges Noah’s descendants to be fruitful and multiply.
- Genesis 17:6 (thematic): God’s promise to Abraham that he will become exceedingly fruitful and that nations will come from him echoes the post‑Flood mandate to repopulate and spread into nations.
- Isaiah 45:18 (thematic): Affirms God’s purpose that the earth be inhabited, resonating with the injunction to “fill the earth.”
Alternative generated candidates
- And God blessed Noah and his sons and said to them, Be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth.
- And God blessed Noah and his sons, and said to them, Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth.
Gen.9.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ומוראכם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,2,m,pl,abs
- וחתכם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,2,m,pl,abs
- יהיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- חית: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- עוף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- בכל: PREP+DET
- אשר: PRON,rel
- תרמש: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- האדמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ובכל: CONJ+PREP+PRON
- דגי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- הים: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בידכם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,2,m,pl,abs
- נתנו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Genesis 1:26-28 (thematic): The original dominion mandate where God gives humans rule over 'fish of the sea and birds of the heavens and over every living thing'—Genesis 9:2 echoes/reenacts this rule after the Flood.
- Psalm 8:6-8 (verbal): Speaks of placing humans 'over the works of your hands' and enumerates beasts, birds, and fish—language and scope closely parallel the dominion motif of Gen 9:2.
- Genesis 9:3 (structural): Immediate textual parallel in the same post‑Flood speech: verse 9:3 grants animals into human hand as food, directly linked to the fear/dominion described in 9:2.
- Job 12:7-10 (allusion): Affirms that life of every living thing is in God's hand and that animals reveal wisdom—provides a theological counterpoint about divine sovereignty even as Gen 9:2 assigns creatures into human hands.
- Proverbs 12:10 (thematic): States the righteous care for the life of their animals, reflecting the ethical responsibility implicit in human dominion over beasts affirmed in Gen 9:2.
Alternative generated candidates
- And your fear and your dread shall be upon every beast of the earth and upon every bird of the heavens, with everything that creeps on the ground and with all the fish of the sea; into your hand they are given.
- And the fear of you and the dread of you shall be upon every beast of the earth and upon every bird of the heavens; with everything that creeps on the ground and with all the fish of the sea. Into your hand they are given.
Gen.9.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- רמש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- חי: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- לכם: PRON,2,pl
- יהיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- לאכלה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כירק: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עשב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נתתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- לכם: PRON,2,pl
- את: PRT
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
Parallels
- Gen.1.29 (verbal): God’s original grant of plants as food for humans (“I give you every seed‑bearing plant”) parallels the provision motif and language of giving food in Gen 9:3.
- Gen.1.30 (verbal): Earliest statement that green plants are given for food to animals (“to every beast... I have given every green plant for food”), echoing the wording and universal provision found in Gen 9:3.
- Gen.9.4 (structural): Immediate sequel to Gen 9:3 that limits the permission to eat animals by prohibiting consumption of flesh with its blood—shows the proviso attached to the Noahic grant.
- Lev.11:1-3 (thematic): Mosaic dietary laws later delimit which animals may be eaten (clean vs. unclean), developing and restricting the more universal permission implied in Gen 9:3.
- Acts 10:13-15 (allusion): Peter’s vision (“what God has made clean, do not call common”) engages the question of divine permission concerning foods and echoes theological issues raised by God’s grant/limits on eating animals in Gen 9:3.
Alternative generated candidates
- Every moving thing that is alive shall be food for you; as with the green plants, I have given you everything.
- Every moving thing that lives shall be food for you; as the green plants, I have given you everything.
Gen.9.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אך: PART
- בשר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בנפשו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+SUFF,3,m,sg
- דמו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+SUFF,3,m,sg
- לא: PART,neg
- תאכלו: VERB,qal,imperfect,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Leviticus 17:10-12 (verbal): Explicit prohibition against eating blood: "for the life of the flesh is in the blood," closely echoing Gen 9:4's ban on eating flesh with its blood and the equation of blood with life.
- Deuteronomy 12:23 (thematic): Warns Israelites not to eat blood because "the blood is the life," reiterating the theological basis for refusing blood present in Gen 9:4.
- Leviticus 7:26 (verbal): A succinct legal prohibition—"You shall not eat blood"—which mirrors Gen 9:4's dietary restriction in cultic/ethical law.
- Acts 15:20,29 (allusion): The Jerusalem Council's instructions to Gentile believers to abstain from blood echo the Genesis/Levitical prohibition and show its continued ethical application in the New Testament.
Alternative generated candidates
- Only flesh with its life—its blood—you shall not eat.
- Only flesh with its life, its blood, you shall not eat.
Gen.9.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואך: CONJ
- את: PRT
- דמכם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+2,mp
- לנפשתיכם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+2,mp
- אדרש: VERB,qal,impf,1,?,sg
- מיד: PREP
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- חיה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- אדרשנו: VERB,qal,impf,1,?,sg+3,ms
- ומיד: CONJ+PREP
- האדם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מיד: PREP
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחיו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,m,sg
- אדרש: VERB,qal,impf,1,?,sg
- את: PRT
- נפש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- האדם: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Genesis 9:6 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same clause—prescribes capital punishment for shedding human blood and links it to humanity made in God's image.
- Genesis 4:10 (thematic): Early motif of blood crying out for justice—God addresses bloodguilt after a murder (Abel), paralleling divine demand for blood to be accounted.
- Numbers 35:30-33 (thematic): Legal treatment of bloodguilt and the defilement of the land; emphasizes punishment for unlawful killing and God’s demand that blood be avenged.
- Deuteronomy 19:11-13 (structural): Prescribes the role of the avenger of blood and cities of refuge—law regulating responses to homicide echoing Genesis’ divine demand to require blood.
- Leviticus 17:11 (verbal): Connects life with blood (“the life is in the blood”) and regulates blood because it represents life—supports Genesis’ link between blood, life, and divine accountability.
Alternative generated candidates
- And, indeed, for your lifeblood I will require a reckoning: from the hand of every animal I will require it, and from the hand of the human; from the hand of each man, from the hand of his brother, I will require the life of the human.
- And surely your blood, for your lives, I will require; from every animal I will require it, and from the hand of the human, from the hand of a man, his brother, I will require the life of the human.
Gen.9.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- שפך: VERB,qal,inf
- דם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- האדם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- באדם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דמו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss3,m,sg
- ישפך: VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- בצלם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- עשה: VERB,qal,ptc,m,sg
- את: PRT
- האדם: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Gen 1:27 (verbal): Shares the key phrase and concept 'made in the image of God' (בצלם אלהים), grounding human dignity and the basis for special legal protection.
- Exod 21:12 (verbal): A legal formulation prescribing death for one who kills another ('whoever strikes a man so that he dies shall be put to death'), paralleling Genesis 9:6's principle of retributive response to homicide.
- Lev 24:17-21 (structural): Cultic-legal enactment of lex talionis and capital punishment for murder ('whoever takes a human life shall be put to death'), echoing the communal/legal consequence articulated in Gen 9:6.
- Ps 8:4-6 (thematic): Reflects the theological theme of human status and dignity before God—humanity's honored place and stewardship—linked to the idea of being made in God's image that undergirds Gen 9:6.
- James 3:9 (allusion): New Testament ethical application that cites humans as made in God's likeness, using that motif to forbid cursing and to affirm human worth—an implicit echo of the moral implications of Gen 9:6.
Alternative generated candidates
- Whoever sheds human blood, by a human shall his blood be shed; for in the image of God he made the human.
- Whoever sheds the blood of the human, by a human shall his blood be shed; for in the image of God he made the human.
Gen.9.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואתם: CONJ+PRON,2,m,pl
- פרו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
- ורבו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
- שרצו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ורבו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Gen.9.1 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same chapter — God’s blessing to ‘be fruitful and multiply’ (מלאו את־הארץ / פרו ורבו) is reiterated with nearly identical language.
- Gen.1.28 (verbal): The original creation mandate to humanity to 'be fruitful and multiply; fill the earth' (פרו ורבו ומלאו את־הארץ) — Gen 9:7 repeats this foundational commission after the Flood.
- Gen.1.22 (verbal): God’s blessing on creatures to 'be fruitful and multiply' (וירבו הים ושחית) parallels the same divine command applied broadly to living beings in Genesis.
- Gen.35.11 (allusion): God’s promise to Jacob — 'a nation and a company of nations shall be of you; and kings shall come from you' — reflects the ongoing theme of divine blessing resulting in increase and multiplication of descendants.
- Ps.127.3-5 (thematic): Psalmic reflection on children as a heritage and the fruit of the womb emphasizes the positive valuation of offspring and growth, echoing the theme of fruitfulness and multiplication.
Alternative generated candidates
- And you, be fruitful and multiply; swarm on the earth and multiply in it.
- And you, be fruitful and multiply; swarm in the earth and multiply in it.
Gen.9.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אל: PREP
- נח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- בניו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3,m,sg
- אתו: PRT+PRON,3,m,sg
- לאמר: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
Parallels
- Genesis 6:18 (verbal): Uses similar covenant language: God promises to 'establish my covenant with you' to Noah before the Flood, paralleling the opening address in 9:8.
- Genesis 9:9-11 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same speech where God spells out the covenant terms (the formal establishment of the covenant with Noah and his descendants).
- Genesis 17:7 (verbal): God's covenantal formula with Abraham — 'I will establish my covenant...between me and thee and thy seed' — echoes the promise to Noah concerning covenant and descendants.
- Exodus 6:4-5 (allusion): Refers to God's making of covenants with the patriarchs (Abraham, Isaac, Jacob); thematically parallels God's ongoing covenantal dealings with families/descendants begun in Genesis 9.
- 2 Samuel 7:12-16 (thematic): God's promise to David about establishing a lasting covenant with his offspring reflects the broader biblical theme of divine covenants made to a man and his descendants, as introduced in Genesis 9.
Alternative generated candidates
- And God said to Noah and to his sons with him, saying,
- And God said to Noah and to his sons with him:
Gen.9.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואני: PRON,1,sg
- הנני: PART
- מקים: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,sg
- את: PRT
- בריתי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+1s
- אתכם: PREP+PRON,2,pl
- ואת: CONJ+PRT
- זרעכם: NOUN,m,sg,abs,2,pl
- אחריכם: PREP+PRON,2,pl
Parallels
- Genesis 6:18 (verbal): Earlier covenant formula: God tells Noah he will establish a covenant with him — similar wording and covenantal intent with Noah and his descendants.
- Genesis 9:11–17 (structural): Immediate expansion of 9:9: God defines the terms and gives the rainbow as the sign of the covenant made with Noah and all living creatures.
- Genesis 17:7 (verbal): Abrahamic covenant uses the same formula ('I will establish my covenant... with you and your offspring after you'), linking the Noahic wording to later covenantal promises to descendants.
- Isaiah 54:9–10 (allusion): Isaiah invokes the waters of Noah and God's oath, recalling the Noahic covenant's promise of non‑destruction and God's enduring covenantal faithfulness.
- Psalm 89:3–4 (thematic): Speaks of God's sworn covenant to establish a descendant and dynasty — thematically related through the motif of God's binding promises to a man and his seed.
Alternative generated candidates
- As for me, behold, I establish my covenant with you and with your offspring after you,
- And as for me, behold, I am establishing my covenant with you and with your offspring after you,
Gen.9.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ+PRT
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- נפש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- החיה: ADJ,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אתכם: PART+PRON,2,m,pl
- בעוף: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בבהמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ובכל: CONJ+PREP+PRON
- חית: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אתכם: PART+PRON,2,m,pl
- מכל: PREP
- יצאי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- התבה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- לכל: PREP
- חית: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Gen.6:19 (verbal): God's command to bring 'of every living thing' into the ark parallels the listing of birds, cattle, and every beast preserved with Noah in 9:10; similar vocabulary and concern for all living creatures.
- Gen.7:15 (structural): Reports that the animals entered the ark in accordance with God's command; 9:10 looks back to those same 'living creatures' that were with Noah and came out of the ark.
- Gen.9:12-13 (thematic): Immediately connected material: after noting the preservation of all living creatures (9:10), God establishes a covenant with Noah and every living thing and gives the sign of the rainbow, linking preservation to covenantal promise.
- Isa.54:9 (thematic): Uses the flood and Noah as a covenantal motif ('as I have sworn that the waters of Noah...'), echoing the theme of God's action toward creation in the flood narrative and his subsequent covenant with living creatures.
- 1 Pet.3:20 (allusion): The NT alludes to the ark and those 'saved through water' in Noah's time; this passage reflects on the salvific significance of the ark narrative and its inhabitants, linking New Testament theology to the Genesis account.
Alternative generated candidates
- and with every living creature that is with you—the birds, the livestock, and every beast of the earth with you—all that came out of the ark, every beast of the earth.
- and with every living creature that is with you—the birds, the livestock, and every wild animal of the earth with you—of all that came out of the ark, every animal of the earth.
Gen.9.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והקמתי: VERB,hif,impf,1,-,sg
- את: PRT
- בריתי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+1s
- אתכם: PRT+PRON,2,m,pl
- ולא: CONJ
- יכרת: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- בשר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עוד: ADV
- ממי: PREP+PRON,interr
- המבול: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ולא: CONJ
- יהיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- עוד: ADV
- מבול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לשחת: VERB,qal,inf,_,_,_,_
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Gen.6:17 (structural): Antecedent statement that God would bring a flood to destroy all flesh; Gen 9:11 responds by promising that such universal destruction will no longer occur.
- Gen.9:13-17 (verbal): Immediate continuation of the Noahic covenant: God gives the rainbow as the sign of the covenant that the waters will no more destroy all flesh, echoing and specifying the promise of v.11.
- Isa.54:9 (allusion): Isaiah invokes 'the days of Noah' and God's oath that the waters of Noah shall not again cover the earth, using the flood promise as assurance of God's mercy toward Israel.
- Matt.24:37-39 (thematic): Jesus compares the coming of the Son of Man to the days of Noah—drawing on the flood narrative and its covenantal/eschatological implications about judgment and deliverance.
- 2 Pet.3:5-7 (allusion): Peter refers to the world once destroyed by water (Noah's flood) and contrasts that past judgment with future judgment by fire, presupposing the historic flood and God's sustaining covenant.
Alternative generated candidates
- And I establish my covenant with you: never again shall all flesh be cut off by the waters of the flood, and never again shall there be a flood to destroy the earth.
- I establish my covenant with you, and never again shall all flesh be cut off by the waters of the flood, and never again shall there be a flood to destroy the earth.
Gen.9.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- זאת: PRON,dem,f,sg
- אות: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הברית: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- נתן: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,sg
- ביני: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- וביניכם: CONJ+PREP+PRON,2,pl
- ובין: CONJ+PREP
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- נפש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- חיה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אתכם: PREP+PRON,2,pl
- לדרת: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- עולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Gen.9.13 (verbal): Immediate continuation: God places the rainbow 'as a sign of the covenant' between God and every living creature — repeats the phrase and explicates the sign.
- Gen.6.18 (thematic): Earlier promise to Noah: God says He will 'establish my covenant with you' (prepares the same Noahic covenant context for Gen 9:12).
- Gen.17.11 (verbal): In the Abrahamic covenant God prescribes circumcision as 'a sign of the covenant' — parallels the notion of a physical sign marking a divine covenant.
- Isa.54.9-10 (allusion): Refers back to God's promise concerning Noah ('as I have sworn that the waters of Noah should no more go over the earth') and affirms the enduring, merciful nature of God's covenantal promises.
Alternative generated candidates
- And God said, This is the sign of the covenant that I am giving between me and you and every living creature that is with you, for everlasting generations:
- And God said, This is the sign of the covenant that I am giving between me and you and every living creature that is with you, for perpetual generations:
Gen.9.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- את: PRT
- קשתי: NOUN,f,sg,poss
- נתתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- בענן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- והיתה: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- לאות: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ברית: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ביני: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- ובין: CONJ+PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Gen.9.16 (verbal): Continues and repeats the same imagery and language: when the bow is in the cloud God will remember his covenant — direct verbal parallel and immediate context.
- Ezek.1.28 (verbal): Ezekiel's vision describes a radiance 'like the appearance of a bow in the cloud on the day of rain,' using the same bow‑in‑the‑cloud image to portray divine glory.
- Rev.4.3 (allusion): John sees 'a rainbow around the throne' — an image that echoes Genesis' rainbow as a sign connected with God's presence, mercy, and covenantal faithfulness.
- Isa.54.9-10 (thematic): Isaiah invokes 'the days of Noah' and God's promise not to destroy, treating the post‑flood covenant and divine assurance as the theological legacy of Genesis 9.
Alternative generated candidates
- I have set my bow in the cloud, and it shall be for a sign of the covenant between me and the earth.
- My bow I have set in the cloud, and it shall be for a sign of the covenant between me and the earth.
Gen.9.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והיה: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בענני: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cs
- ענן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ונראתה: VERB,nip,perf,3,f,sg
- הקשת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- בענן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 9:13-16 (structural): Immediate context: God establishes the bow (rainbow) in the cloud as the sign of the Noahic covenant and promises to remember the covenant when the bow appears.
- Ezekiel 1:28 (verbal): Ezekiel's vision describes the glory of the LORD with the phrase 'as the appearance of a bow in the cloud,' echoing the Genesis image and language of a bow in the cloud.
- Revelation 4:3 (allusion): John sees around the heavenly throne something like a rainbow, 'like an emerald,' invoking the Genesis motif of the rainbow as a divine sign surrounding God's presence.
- Revelation 10:1 (allusion): An angel appears 'clothed with a cloud, and a rainbow was upon his head,' directly recalling the rainbow-in-the-cloud motif from Genesis as a symbol associated with divine messengers and covenant presence.
Alternative generated candidates
- And it shall be, when I bring a cloud over the earth, that the bow will be seen in the cloud,
- And it shall be, when I bring a cloud over the earth, that the bow is seen in the cloud,
Gen.9.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וזכרתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- את: PRT
- בריתי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+1s
- אשר: PRON,rel
- ביני: PREP,between+1,sg
- וביניכם: CONJ+PREP,between+2,pl
- ובין: CONJ+PREP
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- נפש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- חיה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- בכל: PREP+DET,in+all
- בשר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולא: CONJ
- יהיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- עוד: ADV
- המים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- למבול: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לשחת: VERB,qal,inf,_,_,_,_
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- בשר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 9:12-17 (structural): Immediate context: expands the Noahic covenant introduced in 9:15–God's pledge never again to destroy all flesh by flood and the rainbow as its sign.
- Isaiah 54:9 (allusion): Explicitly invokes the Noahic flood and God's oath that 'the waters of Noah should no more go over the earth,' echoing Genesis' promise of no further global flood.
- Psalm 104:8-9 (thematic): Speaks of God setting limits on the waters so they 'shall not return to cover the earth,' reflecting the covenantal assurance that the flood will not recur.
- 2 Peter 3:5-7 (thematic): New Testament reflection on the flood as past divine judgment ('by these waters the world of that time was deluged') and contrasts it with God's ongoing purposes—implicitly presupposing the Noahic covenant promise.
Alternative generated candidates
- and I will remember my covenant that is between me and you and every living creature of all flesh; and the waters shall never again become a flood to destroy all flesh.
- then I will remember my covenant which is between me and you and every living creature of all flesh; and the waters shall never again become a flood to destroy all flesh.
Gen.9.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והיתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- הקשת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- בענן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וראיתיה: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
- לזכר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ברית: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- עולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בין: PREP
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ובין: CONJ+PREP
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- נפש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- חיה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- בכל: PREP+DET
- בשר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- על: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Genesis 9:12-17 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same unit: restates the covenant and identifies the rainbow (bow in the cloud) explicitly as the sign of God’s covenant with all living creatures.
- Genesis 6:18 (structural): Earlier promise to Noah that God would establish a covenant with him and his descendants; 9:16 functions as the post‑flood fulfillment and formalization of that covenantal intent.
- Genesis 8:21-22 (thematic): Post‑flood assurances from God (no more cursing the ground; regularity of seasons) form part of the same divine commitment that is sealed by the covenant sign of the rainbow.
- Ezekiel 1:28 (allusion): Uses rainbow imagery to describe the radiance around God’s throne/manifestation; links the bow motif with theophanic presence and divine glory.
- Revelation 10:1 (allusion): Apocalyptic echo of the rainbow motif (a mighty angel with a rainbow above his head), transferring the covenantal/cosmic symbolism of the bow into Revelation’s vision of God’s authority and judgement.
Alternative generated candidates
- When the bow is in the cloud, I will see it to remember the everlasting covenant between God and every living creature of all flesh that is on the earth.
- And the bow shall be in the cloud, and I will see it to remember an everlasting covenant between God and every living creature of all flesh that is on the earth.
Gen.9.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אל: PREP
- נח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- זאת: PRON,dem,f,sg
- אות: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הברית: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- הקמתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,com,sg
- ביני: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- ובין: CONJ+PREP
- כל: ADJ,m,sg
- בשר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- על: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Gen.9:12-13 (verbal): Immediate parallel that names and describes the rainbow as the sign of the covenant God establishes between himself and all living creatures.
- Gen.6:18 (thematic): Earlier divine promise to Noah establishing a covenant (to spare Noah and his family)—anticipates the later, universal covenant after the Flood.
- Gen.17:7-11 (thematic): God’s covenant with Abraham—another foundational covenant in Genesis that includes a permanent sign (circumcision), inviting comparison with the Noahic covenant and its sign.
- Isaiah 54:9 (allusion): God invokes the days of Noah and the Noahic covenant to assure Israel that he will not be angry forever—the Noahic promise of no further universal flood is appealed to for divine faithfulness.
- Matt.24:37-39 (allusion): Jesus’ reference to 'the days of Noah' draws on the Flood narrative and its covenantal aftermath to illustrate sudden judgment and the moral state of humanity.
Alternative generated candidates
- And God said to Noah, This is the sign of the covenant that I have established between me and all flesh that is on the earth.
- And God said to Noah, This is the sign of the covenant that I have established between me and all flesh that is on the earth.
And God blessed Noah and his sons, and said to them, Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth. And your fear and your dread shall be upon every beast of the earth and upon every bird of the heavens; with all that creeps on the ground and with all the fish of the sea—into your hand they are given.
Every moving thing that is alive shall be food for you; as with the green plant, I have given you everything.
Only flesh with its life—its blood—you shall not eat. And surely your lifeblood I will require: from every animal I will require it, and from the human; from the hand of a man, from the hand of his brother, I will require the life of the human.
Whoever sheds the blood of the human, by a human his blood shall be shed; for in the image of God he made the human. And you, be fruitful and multiply; swarm on the earth and multiply in it. And God said to Noah and to his sons with him, saying, And as for me, I am establishing my covenant with you and with your offspring after you,
and with every living creature that is with you—the bird, the livestock, and every wild animal of the earth with you; with all that came out of the ark, every animal of the earth. And I will establish my covenant with you, and all flesh shall never again be cut off by the waters of the flood, and there shall never again be a flood to destroy the earth. And God said, This is the sign of the covenant that I am setting between me and you and every living creature that is with you, for everlasting generations.
My bow I have set in the cloud, and it shall be for a sign of the covenant between me and the earth. And it shall be, when I bring a cloud over the earth, that the bow will be seen in the cloud. And I will remember my covenant that is between me and you and every living creature of all flesh, and the waters shall never again become a flood to destroy all flesh. And the bow shall be in the cloud, and I will see it to remember the everlasting covenant between God and every living creature of all flesh that is on the earth. And God said to Noah, This is the sign of the covenant which I have established between me and all flesh that is on the earth.