The Lord's Universal Judgment and Final Reign
Isaiah 24:1-23
Isa.24.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הנה: PART
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בוקק: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,sg
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ובולקה: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,sg
- ועוה: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,sg
- פניה: NOUN,f,sg,suff
- והפיץ: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- ישביה: NOUN,m,pl,poss:3f
Parallels
- Jer.4.23 (verbal): Vision language of the earth rendered waste/void—uses the same imagery of the land made empty under divine judgment, echoing Isa 24:1.
- Ezek.6.14 (thematic): God declares he will make the land desolate and lay cities waste—parallels Isaiah’s theme of Yahweh emptying and scattering the earth’s inhabitants.
- Zeph.1.2-3 (thematic): Yahweh’s announcement that he will ‘utterly sweep away’ everything from the face of the earth parallels the universal devastation and removal of inhabitants in Isa 24:1.
- Amos 8.8 (thematic): Image of the land trembling and being upheaved (like the Nile) under judgment—comparable portrayal of the earth’s disturbance and ruin in Isa 24:1.
Alternative generated candidates
- Behold, the LORD will make the earth empty and make it waste; he will overturn its surface and scatter its inhabitants.
- Behold, the LORD makes the earth empty and lays it waste; He turns it inside out and scatters its inhabitants.
Isa.24.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- כעם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ככהן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כעבד: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כאדניו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- כשפחה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כגברתה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,f,sg
- כקונה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כמוכר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כמלוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כלוה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כנשה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כאשר: CONJ
- נשא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Ezekiel 7:19 (thematic): Like Isa.24:2, Ezekiel depicts a universal economic collapse in judgment—wealth and transactions cannot protect anyone; all social/economic roles are nullified.
- Zephaniah 1:12-13 (thematic): Zephaniah foretells the LORD’s searching judgment that strips merchants and nobles alike—an image of social reversal and loss affecting every class, echoing Isaiah’s ‘as with… so with…’ pattern.
- Isaiah 3:12 (structural): Isaiah 3 portrays upheaval of social order (children and women ruling, humiliation of leaders), paralleling Isa.24’s theme of all ranks being brought low and roles upended.
- Job 12:19-21 (thematic): Job reflects the motif that God removes the leaders’ hearts and brings princes low, matching Isaiah’s emphasis that priests, masters, buyers, sellers, lenders and borrowers alike are affected.
- Proverbs 22:2 (thematic): Proverbs states the fundamental equality of rich and poor before God—resonating with Isaiah’s rhetoric that all social categories suffer the same fate under divine judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- And it shall be—like the people, so the priest; like the servant, so his master; like the maid, so her mistress; like the buyer, so the seller; like the lender, so the borrower.
- It shall be as with the people so with the priest; as with the servant so with his master; as with the maid so with her mistress; as with the buyer so with the seller; as with the lender so with the borrower—one shall be humbled as the other.
Isa.24.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הבוק: NOUN,m,sg,def
- תבוק: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- והבוז: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- תבוז: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- כי: CONJ
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- הדבר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
Parallels
- Isaiah 34:2-3 (thematic): Describes divine judgment leading to desolation of the nations and the land; parallels Isaiah 24:3's theme of the earth being laid waste because the LORD has spoken.
- Jeremiah 4:23-26 (verbal): Uses strikingly similar language and imagery of the earth as wasted, void, and desolate—an expression of judgment that echoes Isaiah 24:3's 'earth utterly emptied.'
- Zephaniah 1:2-3 (thematic): Proclaims that the LORD will 'utterly consume' all things from the face of the earth; closely parallels the motif of total devastation in Isaiah 24:3.
- Nahum 1:5-6 (thematic): Depicts cosmic and terrestrial upheaval in response to God's presence and wrath—similar imagery of the earth reacting to divine judgment as in Isaiah 24:3.
- Revelation 16:20 (structural): Apocalyptic depiction of the earth's landscape being overturned ('every island fled away'), reflecting New Testament fulfillment/echo of prophetic language about the earth's devastation in response to God's decree.
Alternative generated candidates
- The earth shall be utterly emptied and utterly plundered; for the LORD has spoken this word.
- The earth shall be broken—broken; the earth shall be violently broken and utterly plundered; for the LORD has spoken this word.
Isa.24.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אבלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- נבלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אמללה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- נבלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- תבל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אמללו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- מרום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עם: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Isaiah 24:5 (structural): Immediate context: explains why the earth mourns—because the land is defiled by its inhabitants and covenantal judgment follows (direct continuation of the same oracle).
- Joel 1:10-12 (thematic): The land and its produce languish and the land mourns after devastation; uses agricultural imagery of a desolate earth like Isaiah's depiction of a mourning world under judgment.
- Romans 8:22 (thematic): The whole creation 'groans' and 'travails'—New Testament theological echo of creation suffering and languishing until redemption, paralleling Isaiah's image of a mourning earth.
- Nahum 1:5-6 (verbal): Nature reacts violently to God's presence—mountains quake, the earth melts—similar cosmic/distress language portraying creation's response to divine judgment.
- Habakkuk 3:6 (allusion): God's presence causes the earth and peoples to tremble and reorient; uses similar motifs of the earth's distress and the nations' woe in response to divine action, resonant with Isaiah's scene.
Alternative generated candidates
- The earth mourns and languishes; the world faints and languishes; the exalted of the earth languish.
- The earth mourns and languishes, the world languishes and withers; the loftiest among the peoples of the earth languish.
Isa.24.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והארץ: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- חנפה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- תחת: PREP
- ישביה: NOUN,m,pl,poss
- כי: CONJ
- עברו: VERB,qal,imp,2,pl
- תורת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- חלפו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- חק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הפרו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- ברית: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Leviticus 18:25-28 (verbal): Speaks of the land being defiled because of the inhabitants' abominations and warns God will punish and 'spue out' the inhabitants—close verbal and thematic overlap with Isaiah's 'the earth is defiled under its inhabitants.'
- Genesis 9:12-17 (allusion): God establishes an 'everlasting covenant' with Noah and the earth (the rainbow). Isaiah's charge that people have 'broken the everlasting covenant' likely alludes to this foundational covenant between God and the earth.
- Ezekiel 36:17-20 (thematic): Ezekiel describes the land defiled by Israel's uncleanness and idolatry and presents God's response to that profaning of the land—paralleling Isaiah's linkage of communal sin with the defilement of the earth.
- Hosea 6:7 (verbal): Uses the language of covenant treachery—'they have transgressed the covenant'—which closely echoes Isaiah's accusation that the people 'have transgressed the laws... broken the everlasting covenant.'
Alternative generated candidates
- The earth is defiled under its inhabitants, for they have transgressed the law, changed the statute, broken the everlasting covenant.
- The earth is defiled under its inhabitants, for they have transgressed the law, changed the statute, broken the everlasting covenant.
Isa.24.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- על: PREP
- כן: ADV
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- אכלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויאשמו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- ישבי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- על: PREP
- כן: ADV
- חרו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- ישבי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ונשאר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אנוש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מזער: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 26:32-35 (thematic): Covenantal curses upon the land — the Lord lays the land waste and scatters the people so the land becomes desolate, paralleling Isaiah’s picture of the earth consumed by curse.
- Deuteronomy 28:23-24 (verbal): Describes the curse on the land (drought, no yield) so that the land fails to produce — echoes Isaiah’s language of the earth being consumed and its inhabitants suffering.
- Ezekiel 7:15 (verbal): Proclaims the land’s ruin and that the people will fall by the sword and famine, leaving few survivors — similar outcome to Isaiah’s ‘few men left’.
- Jeremiah 25:10-11 (thematic): Foretells cities desolate and the land laid waste for an extended exile — parallels Isaiah’s theme of widespread desolation and depopulation.
- Zephaniah 1:2-3 (thematic): Declares that the Lord will utterly consume all things from the face of the land — closely parallels the sweeping, totalizing language of the earth being consumed by judgment in Isaiah 24:6.
Alternative generated candidates
- Therefore a curse devours the earth, and its inhabitants bear guilt; therefore the inhabitants of the land are burned, and only a few men are left.
- Therefore a curse devours the earth and its inhabitants are held guilty; therefore the inhabitants of the earth are burned and few people remain.
Isa.24.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אבל: CONJ
- תירוש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אמללה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- גפן: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- נאנחו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- כל: DET
- שמחי: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- לב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Joel 1:10-12 (verbal): Directly parallels the image of dried-up new wine and a mourning land/vine—uses the same viticultural language to portray devastation and loss of joy.
- Isaiah 63:2-3 (verbal): Shares the winepress/wine imagery in the context of divine judgment—'trodden the winepress' echoes the crushed/vindicated grape motif of Isa.24:7.
- Revelation 14:18-20 (allusion): Applies the 'winepress' motif to eschatological judgment; echoes Isaiah's picture of grapes/wine as a symbol of God's punitive action and the silencing of joy.
- Isaiah 5:1-4 (thematic): The Song of the Vineyard links failure of the vine and removal of expected fruit with God’s judgment—thematically parallel to Isa.24:7’s lament over the vine and the loss of rejoicing.
- Amos 6:5 (thematic): Condemns those who revel with music and wine; provides a social-cultural contrast to Isa.24:7 where the revelers' joy and songs are stilled by coming judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- Moreover the wine mourns; the vine languishes—all who are merry at heart sigh.
- The new wine mourns, the vine languishes; all who are merry at heart sigh.
Isa.24.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- שבת: VERB,qal,inf
- משוש: NOUN,m,sg,cstr
- תפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- חדל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- שאון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עליזים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- שבת: VERB,qal,inf
- משוש: NOUN,m,sg,cstr
- כנור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jer.7:34 (verbal): Announces that the "voice of mirth" and the voices of bridegroom and bride will cease—closely parallels Isaiah's image of music and rejoicing stopping as a consequence of divine judgment.
- Lam.5:15 (verbal): Speaks of the joy of the heart ceasing and dancing turning to mourning after calamity, echoing Isaiah's depiction of instruments and joyful sound being silenced.
- Amos8:10 (verbal): Proclaims that feasts and songs will be turned into mourning and lamentation—a direct thematic parallel to music and rejoicing being ended by judgment.
- Zeph.1:7 (thematic): A prophetic summons to be silent before the LORD because the day of the LORD is near; shares the theme of enforced silence and the end of joyful sound in the face of divine action.
Alternative generated candidates
- The mirth of tambourines is stilled; the sound of rejoicing is ended; the exultation of the harp is silent.
- The mirth of tambour and harp is stilled; the sound of revelers has ceased; the exultation of the lyre is silent.
Isa.24.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בשיר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- ישתו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- יין: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ימר: VERB,qal,impf,3,sg
- שכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לשתיו: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Isaiah 29:9 (verbal): Uses similar imagery of intoxication without wine—'be drunk, but not with wine; stagger, but not with strong drink'—echoing the theme of bewilderment and loss of celebratory drinking in Isa 24:9.
- Joel 1:5 (thematic): Calls mourners and 'drunkards' to lament the loss of the vine and its fruit; parallels the idea that wine and festive drinking have ceased because of devastation.
- Amos 8:10 (thematic): Declares that feasts and songs will be turned to mourning and lamentation, paralleling Isa 24:9’s motif that there will be no singing or joyful drinking in the time of judgment.
- Jeremiah 25:15,27 (structural): God’s 'cup' of wine/wrath that nations must drink makes wine a symbol of judgment and bitterness, paralleling Isa 24:9’s depiction of wine/strong drink losing any joy and becoming bitter in judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- They shall not drink wine with singing; strong drink will be bitter to those who drink it.
- With song they will no longer drink wine; strong drink will be bitter to those who drink it.
Isa.24.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- נשברה: VERB,niphal,perf,3,f,sg
- קרית: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- תהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- סגר: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- כל: DET
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מבוא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 29:22-23 (thematic): Covenantal curse language — the land and its cities become a desolation and are left uninhabited, echoing Isaiah’s picture of a broken city and closed houses.
- Ezekiel 26:5 (verbal): God’s declaration to make a city ‘a desolate city’ closely parallels the wording and theme of a city being broken down and emptied in Isaiah 24:10.
- Luke 19:43-44 (allusion): Jesus’ prophecy of Jerusalem’s siege and utter destruction (‘they will not leave one stone upon another’) echoes Isaiah’s image of a city broken and shut up, with no one entering.
- Matthew 23:38 (verbal): ‘Your house is left to you desolate’ (Jesus’ lament over Jerusalem) parallels the motif of houses and the city being desolate and shut in Isaiah 24:10.
- Revelation 18:2 (allusion): The announcement that ‘Babylon the great has fallen’ and the portrayal of a great city brought low resonates with Isaiah’s theme of a broken, emptied city rendered desolate.
Alternative generated candidates
- The city is broken down—every house is shut up so that none may enter.
- The city lies broken; every house is shut so that none may enter.
Isa.24.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- צוחה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- היין: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בחוצות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ערבה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כל: DET
- שמחה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- גלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- משוש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Joel 1:5 (verbal): Calls on 'drinkers of wine' to wake and weep because the sweet wine is cut off — closely parallels Isaiah’s cry over wine in the streets and the move from revelry to lament.
- Amos 8:10 (verbal): Proclaims that feasts, songs and gladness will be turned into mourning — a direct thematic and verbal echo of joy and mirth being taken away in Isaiah 24:11.
- Lamentations 5:15 (thematic): Laments the loss of joy and the turning of dancing into mourning, reflecting the same motif of communal gladness being removed under judgment.
- Isaiah 5:11-12 (thematic): Condemns those who rise early to pursue intoxicating drink and sing idle songs — thematically related to Isaiah 24:11’s critique of wine-related revelry and the reversal of joy.
Alternative generated candidates
- A cry for wine is in the streets; all gladness is banished, the gladness of the land is gone.
- In the streets they wail because of the wine; all gladness is banished from the land—no more gaiety for the earth.
Isa.24.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- נשאר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בעיר: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שמה: ADV
- ושאיה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יכת: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- שער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 24:10 (structural): Immediate context: the same oracle describes the city as ruined and houses shut up — a contiguous picture of urban desolation that leads into v.12’s image of broken gates.
- Isaiah 24:11 (structural): Close context within the chapter: continues the theme of abandonment and mourning over cities, reinforcing the motif of desolated urban life that culminates in the broken gate image.
- Lamentations 2:9 (verbal): Uses very similar language about gates sinking/being destroyed and bars broken — a direct verbal and thematic parallel portraying Jerusalem’s ruined gates and loss of security.
- Ezekiel 26:4 (thematic): Prophetic oracle against Tyre describing the destruction of walls, towers and defenses; parallels the motif of cities reduced to ruin and their gates/walls breached.
- Jeremiah 52:7 (thematic): Historical account of Jerusalem’s fall — houses burned and walls/bars broken — provides a historical analogue to Isaiah’s prophetic image of a city left desolate with its gates broken.
Alternative generated candidates
- In the city there remains desolation; the gate is crushed and lamentation dwells at the threshold.
- Desolation remains in the city; the gate stands forlorn and the cry of lament is heard at the threshold.
Isa.24.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- כה: ADV
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בקרב: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- בתוך: PREP
- העמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- כנקף: PREP+NOUN,m,sg
- זית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כעוללת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אם: CONJ
- כלה: ADV
- בציר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 17:6 (verbal): Uses almost identical olive‑shaking and gleaning language to describe remnants left after devastation (the same Heb. image of shaking an olive tree and gleanings after the vintage).
- Micah 7:1 (verbal): Speaks of gleaning the vintage—’I am like one who gathers summer fruit, like one who gleaneth the grapes of the vintage’—a close verbal/thematic echo of the ‘gleanings when the vintage is done.’
- Joel 1:10 (thematic): Agricultural imagery of ruined produce—’the new wine is dried up, the oil languishes’—parallels Isaiah’s image of olives/olive oil and harvest loss as a sign of desolation.
- Psalm 52:8 (thematic): Uses the olive tree image (‘I am like a green olive tree in the house of God’)—a contrasting use of olive‑tree symbolism to denote survival/remnant, thematically related to Isaiah’s olive‑shaking image of what remains.
- Romans 11:17 (thematic): New Testament olive‑tree metaphor (broken and grafted branches) that thematically connects to Israel/ remnant imagery implicit in olive‑tree/harvest language in Isaiah 24:13.
Alternative generated candidates
- So it shall be within the land, amid the nations, as when one shakes an olive tree—like gleaning when the vintage is past.
- For thus it shall be in the midst of the earth, among the nations: like the shaking of an olive tree, like the gleanings after the vintage.
Isa.24.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- המה: PRON,3,m,pl
- ישאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- קולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
- ירנו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- בגאון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צהלו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
- מים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Psalm 98:4-6 (verbal): Calls all the earth to ‘make a joyful noise’ to Yahweh and pictures the sea and rivers joining in the shout—parallels Isa 24:14’s lifting of voice, singing for joy, and the cry from the waters.
- Isaiah 24:16 (structural): Immediate context: continues the motif of songs heard from the ends of the earth—Isa 24:14–16 form a unit of worldwide/remote rejoicing and vocal praise.
- Isaiah 12:6 (verbal): ‘Cry aloud and shout, O inhabitant of Zion…for great in your midst is the Holy One of Israel’—a direct exhortation to shout and sing in joy before Yahweh closely matching the language and function of Isa 24:14.
- Zephaniah 3:14 (thematic): ‘Sing, O daughter of Zion; shout, O Israel; be glad and rejoice’—same theme of communal, jubilant voice directed to Yahweh as reason for national/international exultation.
- Isaiah 44:23 (thematic): ‘Sing, O heavens…let the earth and the people break forth into singing’—a cosmic call to praise that parallels Isa 24:14’s image of widespread/elemental rejoicing (including the waters).
Alternative generated candidates
- They lift up their voice; they shout for joy—from the west they extol the majesty of the LORD.
- They lift up their voice and sing for joy; they cry aloud—'Glory to the LORD!'—from the remote places of the earth.
Isa.24.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- על: PREP
- כן: ADV
- בארים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- כבדו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- באיי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
- שם: ADV
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 42:10 (verbal): Calls for a new song and specifically enjoins the isles (islands) to rejoice—directly parallels the summons to glorify the LORD in the islands.
- Isaiah 49:1 (allusion): Begins with an address to the coastlands/isles ('Listen, O isles'), echoing the motif of the islands as audience for God’s message and praise.
- Psalm 96:3 (thematic): Commands proclamation of God's glory among the nations and peoples—parallels Isa.24:15’s universal call to glorify the LORD beyond Israel (including islands).
- Psalm 72:10 (thematic): Speaks of kings of Tarshish and the islands bringing presents and paying homage—reflects the idea of the isles acknowledging and honoring the sovereign (and thus glorifying) God.
- Habakkuk 2:14 (thematic): Foretells the earth filled with the knowledge of the glory of the LORD as the waters cover the sea—a universalizing vision that undergirds calls for islands and nations to glorify God.
Alternative generated candidates
- Therefore give glory to the LORD in the islands of the sea; the name of the LORD, the God of Israel, give glory.
- Therefore exalt the LORD in the isles of the sea; the name of the LORD, the God of Israel, is there.
Isa.24.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מכנף: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- זמרת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שמענו: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,pl
- צבי: NOUN,m,sg,cs
- לצדיק: PREP
- ואמר: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- רזי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- רזי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- אוי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- בגדים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בגדו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- ובגד: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בוגדים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בגדו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
Parallels
- Psalm 19:4 (verbal): Both verses describe a voice or song that reaches the ends of the earth (universal proclamation): "their voice goes out through all the earth" parallels Isaiah's "from the ends of the earth we hear a song."
- Isaiah 6:5 (verbal): Isaiah's personal lament "Woe to me! I am ruined/undone" (הוֹי לִי; אֲנִי חָדַלְתִּי/נִכְלַמְתִּי) closely parallels the "אוי לי... כָּלֶה" cry in 24:16—same language of personal devastation before divine judgment.
- Isaiah 49:6 (thematic): The phrase and motif of proclamation to the "ends of the earth" (קְצוֹת הָאָרֶץ) recur here; both verses frame a message or song as extending to the world's extremities.
- Psalm 55:12-14 (thematic): Psalm 55 laments betrayal by a close companion—"it was my companion, my friend"—which thematically echoes Isaiah's condemnation that the treacherous have dealt treacherously (בוגדים בגדו), the motif of treachery and personal betrayal.
Alternative generated candidates
- From the ends of the earth we have heard songs: "Glory to the righteous!" I say, "I pine away, I pine away—woe unto me! The treacherous have dealt treacherously; the treacherous have betrayed."
- From the ends of the earth we have heard songs: 'Glory to the righteous!' But I say, 'I am wasted, I am wasted—woe to me!' The treacherous deal treacherously; the treacherous deal treacherously.
Isa.24.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- פחד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ופחת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ופח: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עליך: PREP+2ms
- יושב: VERB,qal,ptcp,1,m,sg
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Proverbs 29:25 (verbal): Links fear and a snare in the same clause—'the fear of man bringeth a snare'—echoing Isaiah’s coupling of fear with pit/snare imagery.
- Psalm 91:3 (verbal): Speaks of deliverance 'from the snare of the fowler' and escapes from terror by night/day; shares the 'snare/terror' vocabulary and theme of peril and rescue.
- Jeremiah 5:26 (verbal): Accuses evildoers of laying snares among the people ('they set a trap, they catch men'), using 'snare' imagery to describe danger spread over the land, paralleling Isa.24:17’s imagery of traps on the earth.
- Isaiah 2:19 (thematic): Describes universal terror before the LORD—people hiding in rocks and caves—which mirrors the cosmically widespread fear and peril portrayed in Isaiah 24.
Alternative generated candidates
- Terror and pit and snare are upon you, O inhabitant of the earth.
- Terror and the pit and the snare confront you who inhabit the earth.
Isa.24.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- הנס: ADJ,ptcp,qal,m,sg,def
- מקול: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הפחד: NOUN,m,sg,def
- יפל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- הפחת: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והעולה: PART,qal,part,ms,sg,def
- מתוך: PREP
- הפחת: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ילכד: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,sg
- בפח: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- ארבות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ממרום: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נפתחו: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,pl
- וירעשו: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,pl
- מוסדי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 7:11 (allusion): Uses the language of the "windows of heaven/open from on high" (flood imagery). Isaiah's open windows from above echo the flood narrative's breaking of the heavens as a motif of divine catastrophe.
- Proverbs 26:27 (verbal): Proverbs states that one who digs a pit will fall into it; similarly Isaiah depicts the fleeing/climbing figure falling into a pit and being caught in a snare—shared proverbial motif of self‑entrapment and retributive irony.
- Psalm 18:7–8 (cf. 2 Samuel 22) (thematic): Psalm 18 (and 2 Samuel 22) portrays earth‑shaking theophany language—earth quaking and foundations moving—paralleling Isaiah's cosmic trembling as part of divine judgment.
- Job 9:6 (verbal): Job speaks of God who "shakes the earth out of its place; its pillars tremble," echoing Isaiah's reference to the foundations of the earth shaking—shared lexicon of cosmic instability in the face of divine action.
Alternative generated candidates
- He who flees shall fall into the pit; and he who escapes from the pit shall be caught in the snare. For the windows on high are opened, and the foundations of the earth are shaken.
- When the fleeing from the sound of dread falls into the pit, and the one who climbs out of the pit is caught in the snare, for the windows from on high are opened and the foundations of the earth tremble.
Isa.24.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- רעה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- התרעעה: VERB,hitpa,perf,3,f,sg
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- פור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- התפוררה: VERB,hitpa,perf,3,f,sg
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מוט: VERB,qal,inf
- התמוטטה: VERB,hitpa,perf,3,f,sg
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Psalm 46:2-3 (thematic): Both passages portray cosmic upheaval—the earth giving way, mountains falling or trembling—using similar imagery of the created order collapsing in the face of divine action.
- Nahum 1:5-6 (verbal): Nahum depicts mountains quaking and hills melting and the earth convulsing at God's presence, closely paralleling Isaiah's repeated verbs describing the earth's rupture and collapse.
- Haggai 2:6-7 (allusion): Haggai promises that God will 'shake' the heavens and the earth—a related motif of divine-induced shaking and upheaval that echoes Isaiah's picture of the earth being shattered.
- Hebrews 12:26-27 (quotation): Hebrews explicitly cites the OT shaking tradition (echoing Haggai) to describe eschatological removal and shaking of creation, continuing the same motif of cosmic disturbance found in Isaiah 24:19.
Alternative generated candidates
- The earth is utterly broken, the earth is clean dissolved, the earth is violently shaken.
- The earth is utterly broken; the earth is split apart, the earth is shaken violently.
Isa.24.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- נוע: VERB,qal,inf
- תנוע: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כשכור: PREP+ADJ,m,sg
- והתנודדה: CONJ+VERB,hitp,impf,3,f,sg
- כמלונה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וכבד: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg,abs
- עליה: PREP,3,f,sg
- פשעה: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,f,sg
- ונפלה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- ולא: CONJ
- תסיף: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- קום: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
Parallels
- Isaiah 13:13 (verbal): Both passages employ cosmic-shaking language—God will shake the heavens and make the earth remove from its place—paralleling Isaiah 24:20’s image of the earth reeling and falling under divine judgment.
- Habakkuk 3:6 (verbal): Describes God standing and shaking the earth, causing ancient mountains to tremble and collapse—language and theme closely matching the earth’s violent reeling and falling in Isaiah 24:20.
- Psalm 46:2–3 (thematic): Uses the motif of the earth being removed or shaken (mountains carried into the sea, waters roaring) to depict cosmic upheaval; parallels Isaiah 24:20’s motif of the earth’s instability in the face of divine action.
- Nahum 1:5 (thematic): Speaks of mountains quaking, hills melting, and the earth trembling at God’s presence—a similar prophetic depiction of the world’s convulsion under divine judgment as in Isaiah 24:20.
- Job 9:6 (verbal): States that God shakes the earth from its place and its pillars tremble—using comparable terminology of earth’s displacement and shaking found in Isaiah 24:20.
Alternative generated candidates
- The earth totters like a drunkard, it reels like a hut; its transgression lies heavy upon it, and it falls—never to rise again.
- The earth reels—reels like a drunkard, it staggers like a hut; its transgression lies heavy upon it, and it falls, never to rise again.
Isa.24.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- ביום: PREP
- ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
- יפקד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- צבא: NOUN,m,sg,const
- המרום: NOUN,m,sg,def
- במרום: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- מלכי: NOUN,pl,m,cons
- האדמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- על: PREP
- האדמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Isa.24.22 (structural): Immediate continuation in the same oracle: the LORD’s punishment of the heavenly host and earthly kings is developed further—they are gathered, imprisoned, and punished. Directly parallels theme and context of v.21.
- Isa.34.4 (thematic): Depicts cosmic judgment in which the host of heaven and heavenly bodies are affected—echoes the motif of God executing judgment over heavenly powers and earthly nations.
- Ezek.32:7-8 (thematic): God’s action against the proud and the cosmic order (darkening heavens, bringing low the mighty) parallels Isaiah’s language of visiting the ‘host on high’ and kings on earth in divine judgment.
- Rev.12:7-9 (allusion): Apocalyptic depiction of a heavenly war and the casting down of Satan and his angels corresponds to Isaiah’s theme of God’s punishment of the ‘host of the high places’—a later unfolding of divine action against heavenly powers.
- Rev.19:19-21 (thematic): Vision of the kings of the earth gathered to oppose the Lord and being defeated echoes Isaiah’s motif of judgment upon earthly kings at the LORD’s visitation.
Alternative generated candidates
- And it shall come to pass in that day that the LORD will punish the host of the high ones on high, and the kings of the earth upon the earth.
- And it shall come to pass in that day that the LORD will punish the host of heaven on high and the kings of the earth on the earth.
Isa.24.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואספו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- אספה: VERB,qal,impf,1,?,sg
- אסיר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- בור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וסגרו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- על: PREP
- מסגר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ומרב: CONJ+PREP
- ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- יפקדו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Zech.9.11 (verbal): Uses the same pit/prison imagery—'sent forth your prisoners out of the pit'—sharing vocabulary and the motif of prisoners and a 'pit' (bor) closely parallel to Isaiah 24:22's 'gathered... in the pit'.
- Isa.61.1 (thematic): Within Isaiah tradition this verse offers a counterpoint: Isaiah 24 speaks of prisoners being shut up, while Isaiah 61 proclaims opening the prison to the bound—both address captivity/liberty and the prophet's role in divine action.
- Ps.107:10-14 (thematic): Describes people 'sitting in darkness... bound in affliction and iron' and God’s subsequent visitation/deliverance when they cry out—parallels the motif of prisoners in a pit and divine intervention after a period of suffering.
- Lev.26:23-28 (verbal): God warns that if Israel persists in sin He will 'visit' (i.e., punish) them—echoing Isaiah 24:22's notion that after many days God will 'visit' (yipked) those gathered/shut up, linking visitation-language to punitive divine action.
Alternative generated candidates
- They shall be gathered together, as prisoners are gathered in a pit, and shut up in a prison; after many days they shall be visited.
- They shall be gathered together as prisoners in a pit, shut up in a prison; after many days they will be disciplined.
Isa.24.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וחפרה: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- הלבנה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ובושה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- החמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- כי: CONJ
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בהר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- ציון: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- ובירושלם: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ונגד: CONJ+PREP
- זקניו: NOUN,m,pl,cstr+3ms
- כבוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 13:10 (verbal): Uses the same cosmic imagery of sun, moon and stars failing to give light as a sign of divine judgment—close verbal parallel to 'the moon will be confounded and the sun ashamed.'
- Isaiah 34:4 (verbal): Reiterates the motif of heavenly bodies losing their light at the LORD's act of judgment, echoing the astronomical humiliation language of 24:23.
- Joel 2:31 (thematic): Speaks of the sun turned to darkness and the moon to blood before the great and awesome day of the LORD—the same eschatological/ cosmic signs framing the LORD’s sovereign intervention.
- Zechariah 14:9 (structural): Proclaims that the LORD will be king over the whole earth and is closely related to the declaration in Isaiah 24:23 that 'the LORD of hosts will reign on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem.'
- Revelation 21:23 (allusion): Portrays the eschatological reign of God in Zion-like imagery—'the glory of God gives it light'—serving as a New Testament reflection/fulfillment motif of God’s reign and transformed cosmic order hinted in Isa. 24:23.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then the moon will be ashamed and the sun confounded; for the LORD of hosts will reign on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem, and before his elders will be glory.
- Then the moon will be confounded and the sun ashamed, for the LORD of hosts will reign on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem; before his elders will be glory.
Behold, the LORD will make the earth empty and lay it waste; he will overturn its face and scatter its inhabitants.
It shall be alike for the people and for the priest, for the servant and his master, for the maid and her mistress, for the buyer and the seller, for the lender and the borrower—one as the other.
The earth is violently shattered, the earth is utterly broken; for the LORD has spoken this word.
The earth mourns and languishes; the world languishes and fades; the exalted of the earth languish.
The earth is defiled under its inhabitants, for they have transgressed the law, changed the ordinance, and broken the everlasting covenant.
Therefore a curse devours the earth and its inhabitants bear guilt; therefore the inhabitants of the earth are burned up, and only a remnant of mankind remains.
Yet the winepresses mourn, the vine languishes; all who rejoice with a glad heart sigh.
The sound of gladness is ended; the mirth of tambourines is silent, the noise of revelers is stilled, the glad harp is silent.
They will not sing to drink wine; strong drink will be bitter to those who drink it.
The city is laid waste and broken down; every house is shut up so none may enter.
Lamentation is in the streets because of wine; all joy has departed, the gladness of the land has vanished.
In the city there remains a desolation; the gate is crushed and sits in silence.
For thus it shall be among the nations in the midst of the land: as when an olive is beaten, or as a gleaning when the vintage is done.
They lift up their voice and sing for joy; they cry aloud—glory to the LORD!—they shout from the west.
Therefore glorify the LORD in the isles of the sea; even the name of the LORD, the God of Israel.
From the ends of the earth we hear singing: “Glory to the righteous.” But I said, “I pine away, I pine away—woe to me! The treacherous have acted treacherously.”
Terror and pit and snare are upon you who dwell on the earth.
When the terror from above falls, the captive falls into the pit and the fugitive is caught in the snare; for the windows on high are opened and the foundations of the earth tremble.
Evil has come upon the earth; the land mourns and is broken; the world is dissolved, the earth totters and reels.
The earth reels, reels like a drunkard and sways like a hut; its transgression is heavy upon it—so it falls and will not rise again.
In that day the LORD will punish the host of the high ones in the heavens and the kings of the earth on the earth.
They shall be gathered together as prisoners in a pit; they will be shut up in a prison, and after many days they will be punished.
Then the moon will be ashamed and the sun confounded, for the LORD of hosts will reign on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem, and before his elders there will be glory.