Oracle Against Ammon
Ezekiel 25:1-7
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Eze.25.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Ezekiel 2:1 (structural): Immediate structural parallel in the same book where the prophet is addressed following a divine word—continues the prophetic-directive formula used throughout Ezekiel.
- Jeremiah 1:4 (verbal): Uses the identical opening formula 'The word of the LORD came to me, saying,' marking a direct verbal parallel in prophetic call-origins.
- Hosea 1:1 (verbal): Introduction to Hosea: 'The word of the LORD that came to Hosea'—same verbal formula introducing an oracle and establishing prophetic authority.
- Micah 1:1 (verbal): Minor Prophet parallel: 'The word of the LORD that came to Micah'—a similar introductory formula signaling the reception of a divine message.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the word of the LORD came to me, saying:
- And the word of the LORD came to me, saying:
Eze.25.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שים: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
- פניך: NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- עמון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- והנבא: CONJ+VERB,qal,imp,2,ms
- עליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Amos 1:13-15 (thematic): A prophetic oracle announcing judgment on the Ammonites for their crimes; parallels Ezek.25.2 in target (Ammon) and the theme of divine retribution.
- Jeremiah 49:1-6 (thematic): Jeremiah's prophecy against the Ammonites describing their humiliation and exile; another prophetic tradition addressing the same nation and punishment motif.
- Ezekiel 21:2 (verbal): Uses the same prophetic commissioning formula ('Son of man, set thy face...') directing Ezekiel to confront a target—shows Ezekiel's characteristic prophetic trope and structure.
- Deuteronomy 2:19 (allusion): Earlier Israelite instruction not to harass the Ammonites when entering the land; provides legal/background contrast to later prophetic judgments pronounced against Ammon.
Alternative generated candidates
- Son of man, set your face against the people of Ammon and prophesy against them.
- Son of man, set your face against the people of Ammon, and prophesy against them.
Eze.25.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואמרת: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- לבני: PREP
- עמון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שמעו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- יען: CONJ
- אמרך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- האח: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אל: NEG
- מקדשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- כי: CONJ
- נחל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- אדמת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- נשמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- כי: CONJ
- הלכו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- בגולה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 48 (thematic): Extended oracle against Moab condemning its pride and predicting devastation—same target and theme of judgment on Moab for its attitude toward Israel.
- Isaiah 15:1-16:14 (thematic): Poetic lament over Moab’s ruin; parallels Ezekiel’s announcement of Moab’s downfall and loss of status among nations.
- Amos 2:1-3 (thematic): Early prophetic indictment of Moab for violence and hostility toward Israel—connects to reasons for divine judgment on Moab.
- Obadiah 1 (thematic): Oracle against Edom/Seir for gloating over Judah’s calamity; closely related to Ezekiel’s rebuke of Seir’s attitude toward Judah.
- Ezekiel 35:1-15 (verbal): Later Ezekiel oracle specifically against Mount Seir (Edom) repeats motifs and language of divine hostility toward Seir for rejoicing over Israel’s exile.
Alternative generated candidates
- And say to the people of Ammon, "Hear the word of the Sovereign LORD. Thus says the Sovereign LORD: Because you said, 'Aha!' over my sanctuary when it was profaned, and over the land of Israel when it lay desolate, and over the house of Judah when they went into exile."
- And say to the people of Ammon, 'Hear the word of the Lord GOD. Thus says the Lord GOD: Because you said, “Aha!” over my sanctuary when it was profaned, and over the land of Israel when it was made desolate, and over the house of Judah when they went into exile,
Eze.25.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לכן: ADV
- הנני: PRT+PRON,1,sg
- נתנך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg+obj2ms
- לבני: PREP
- קדם: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- למורשה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וישבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- טירותיהם: NOUN,f,pl,cons+3,mp
- בך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
- ונתנו: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- בך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
- משכניהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3,mp
- המה: PRON,3,m,pl
- יאכלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- פריך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+2,ms
- והמה: PRON,3,m,pl
- ישתו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- חלבך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+2,ms
Parallels
- Jeremiah 49:4 (verbal): A near-verbal parallel: Jeremiah proclaims that Rabbah/Ammon will be given to the people of the east as a possession — foreigners will occupy it and bring shame on Ammon, echoing Ezekiel’s language and target (Ammon).
- Ezekiel 29:12 (structural): Same prophetic formula applied to another nation: God declares He will give a land to the peoples of the east as a possession and foreigners will occupy and take its resources — a structural and verbal parallel within Ezekiel’s corpus.
- Deuteronomy 28:30 (thematic): Part of the covenant curses: the people will plant but not enjoy the fruit and their children will be given to another nation. The theme of loss of produce, habitation, and offspring to foreigners echoes Ezekiel’s image of others dwelling in and consuming a nation’s fruit and milk.
- Obadiah 1:11 (thematic): Judgment against a nation (Edom) for rejoicing over Israel’s misfortune; God’s retribution involves humiliation and loss to other peoples. Thematically parallels Ezekiel’s motif of divine punishment resulting in dispossession and occupation by foreign nations.
Alternative generated candidates
- Therefore I will give you to the people of the east as an inheritance; they shall settle in your cities, make your strongholds their dwellings, and they shall eat your fruit and drink your milk.
- therefore I will give you to the people of the east for a possession; they shall set up their tents in your cities, they shall dwell in your strongholds; they shall plunder your land, they shall eat your fruit and drink your milk.
Eze.25.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ונתתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- רבה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- לנוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- גמלים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- עמון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- למרבץ: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- צאן: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- וידעתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- כי: CONJ
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Amos 1:13-15 (verbal): Direct oracle against the Ammonites mentioning Rabbah and the burning/ruin of their stronghold—parallels Ezekiel’s promise to give Rabbah over and punish Ammon.
- Jeremiah 49:1-6 (thematic): Prophecy against the Ammonites (including Rabbah) announcing their defeat and exile—similar theme of national judgment and loss of territory.
- Zephaniah 2:8-11 (thematic): Pronounces judgment on Ammon (and Moab), describing their downfall and dispossession by others—matches Ezekiel’s theme of land given over to foreign peoples.
- Ezekiel 25:4–7 (structural): Neighboring pronouncements in the same chapter use the same judgment pattern and the closing formula “and you shall know that I am the LORD,” framing Ammon’s fate within Ezekiel’s broader pattern of prophetic condemnations.
Alternative generated candidates
- I will make Rabbah a haunt for camels and the people of Ammon a pasture for flocks; and you shall know that I am the LORD.
- I will make Rabbah a pasture for camels and the people of Ammon a fold for flocks—then you shall know that I am the LORD.
Eze.25.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- יען: CONJ
- מחאך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ורקעך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ברגל: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ותשמח: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שאטך: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- בנפש: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- אדמת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Lamentations 2:15 (verbal): Uses the same imagery of bystanders clapping, hissing, and taunting Jerusalem's suffering — a close verbal parallel to 'clapped with the hand and stamped with the foot.'
- Obadiah 1:10-14 (thematic): Condemns a neighboring nation for rejoicing over and plundering Judah in her day of calamity — thematically parallel to rejoicing in Israel's shame and spoil.
- Ezekiel 35:15 (thematic): Within the same prophetic corpus; accuses Edom of rejoicing over the inheritance of Israel and predicts divine judgment — a direct thematic echo of nations exulting over Israel's loss.
- Psalm 137:7 (thematic): Calls God to remember Edom's rejoicing over Jerusalem's destruction ('Raze it...') — thematically linked as taunting/rejoicing at Israel's downfall.
Alternative generated candidates
- For thus says the Sovereign LORD: Because you clapped your hands and stamped your feet and rejoiced with all the scorn of your soul against the land of Israel.
- For thus says the Lord GOD: Because you clapped your hands and stamped with your feet and rejoiced in all the scorn of your soul against the land of Israel,
Eze.25.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לכן: ADV
- הנני: PRT+PRON,1,sg
- נטיתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- ידי: NOUN,f,pl,cons
- עליך: PREP+2ms
- ונתתיך: VERB,qal,perf,1,-,sg
- לבז: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- לגוים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- והכרתיך: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,1,sg,obj2ms
- מן: PREP
- העמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- והאבדתיך: CONJ+VERB,hif,perf,1,sg,obj2ms
- מן: PREP
- הארצות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- אשמידך: VERB,hif,impf,1,sg,obj2ms
- וידעת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Amos 1:13-15 (thematic): Oracle against the Ammonites announcing punitive destruction—like Ezek.25:7 it pronounces handing the nation over and utter ruin as divine judgment.
- Jeremiah 49:2-3 (thematic): Prophecy against Rabbah/Ammon describing devouring, ruin and humiliation; parallels Ezekiel's threat to cut off and destroy so that they know YHWH.
- Ezekiel 25:3-6 (structural): Immediate context within the same oracle uses the same verbal formulas ('I will stretch out my hand,' 'give you over,' 'cut you off')—a close verbal/structural parallel.
- Jeremiah 25:9 (thematic): Declares that God will send foreign nations (e.g., Babylon) to execute judgment—corresponds to Ezek.25:7's motif of giving a people over to the nations as instrument of punishment.
Alternative generated candidates
- Therefore I will stretch out my hand against you and hand you over as spoil to the nations; I will cut you off from among the peoples and destroy you from the lands, and I will make you a desolation. Then you shall know that I am the LORD.
- therefore I will stretch out my hand against you and give you as spoil to the nations; I will cut you off from the peoples and destroy you from the lands; I will make you perish, and you shall know that I am the LORD.'
And the word of the LORD came to me, saying:
Son of man, set your face toward the people of Ammon and prophesy against them. And say to the people of Ammon, 'Hear the word of the LORD.' Thus says the LORD: Because you said, ‘Aha!’ against my sanctuary when it was profaned, and against the land of Israel when her people went into exile, and against the house of Judah when they were led away;
therefore I will give you to the peoples of the east for a possession; they shall set their dwellings in you and make their encampments in you; they shall eat your fruit and drink your milk.
I will make Rabbah a pasture for camels and Ammon a fold for flocks; and you shall know that I am the LORD.
For thus says the LORD: Because you clapped your hands and stamped with your feet, and rejoiced with all your spite of soul against the land of Israel;
therefore I will stretch out my hand against you and give you up as plunder to the nations; I will cut you off from the peoples and destroy you from the countries, I will lay you waste, and you shall know that I am the LORD.