Suffering for Righteousness, Christ’s Victory, and Baptism
1 Peter 3:8-22
1Pet.3.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Το: ART,nom,sg,n
- δε: CONJ
- τελος: NOUN,nom,sg,n
- παντες: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- ομοφρονες: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- συμπαθεις: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- φιλαδελφοι: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- ευσπλαγχνοι: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- ταπεινοφρονες: ADJ,nom,pl,m
Parallels
- Philippians 2:2 (verbal): Uses the explicit 'be of the same mind'/'be of one mind' language and calls for unity of heart and humility, closely mirroring 1 Pet 3:8's opening exhortation.
- Colossians 3:12-14 (verbal): Enjoins compassion, kindness, humility (and above all love), using much the same vocabulary of virtues—compassion/tenderness, humility, and brotherly love—as 1 Pet 3:8.
- Romans 12:16 (thematic): Commands believers to 'live in harmony' and not be proud but associate with the lowly—themes of unity, humility, and sympathetic regard that echo 1 Pet 3:8.
- Ephesians 4:2-3 (thematic): Calls for humility, gentleness, patience, bearing with one another in love and eagerness to maintain unity—paralleling 1 Pet 3:8's summons to unity, compassion, and lowliness.
- Romans 12:10 (thematic): Urges brotherly affection and honoring one another, reflecting 1 Pet 3:8's appeal to 'love the brethren' and mutual affection within the community.
Alternative generated candidates
- Finally, all of you—have unity of mind, sympathy, brotherly love, a tender heart, and a humble mind.
- Finally, all of you—be of one mind, have compassion, love the brotherhood, be tender of heart, and be humble in spirit.
1Pet.3.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- μη: PART
- αποδιδοντες: VERB,pres,act,ptc,nom,pl,m
- κακον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- αντι: PREP,gen
- κακου: ADJ,gen,sg,n
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- λοιδοριαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- αντι: PREP,gen
- λοιδοριας: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- τουναντιον: ADV
- δε: CONJ
- ευλογουντες: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,pl,m
- οτι: CONJ
- εις: PREP
- τουτο: PRON,nom,sg,n
- εκληθητε: VERB,aor,pass,ind,2,pl
- ινα: CONJ
- ευλογιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- κληρονομησητε: VERB,aor,act,sub,2,pl
Parallels
- Romans 12:17-21 (thematic): Commands not to repay evil for evil, to seek peace, leave vengeance to God, and to overcome evil with good—strong thematic and verbal parallel to Peter's injunction to bless rather than retaliate.
- Luke 6:27-28 (verbal): Explicitly urges blessing those who curse and doing good to enemies—a close verbal parallel to Peter's 'bless, not repay insult.'
- Matthew 5:39-44 (thematic): Sermon on the Mount teaching non-retaliation and love for enemies (turn the other cheek, pray for persecutors), paralleling Peter's call to bless instead of repay evil.
- 1 Peter 2:23 (structural): Within the same letter Christ is held up as the model who did not return reviling for reviling—provides the exemplary pattern for the behavior Peter prescribes in 3:9.
- Proverbs 20:22 (allusion): Older wisdom admonition 'Do not say, "I will repay evil"; wait for the Lord' echoes Peter's prohibition against repaying evil and the trust in divine justice implicit in blessing rather than retaliation.
Alternative generated candidates
- Do not repay evil for evil or insult for insult; but repay with blessing, for to this you were called, that you might inherit a blessing.
- Do not repay evil for evil or insult for insult; but on the contrary, bless—since to this you were called, that you might inherit a blessing.
1Pet.3.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- γαρ: PART
- θελων: PART,pres,act,nom,sg,m
- ζωην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- αγαπαν: VERB,pres,act,inf
- και: CONJ
- ιδειν: VERB,aor,act,inf
- ημερας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- αγαθας: ADJ,acc,pl,f
- παυσατω: VERB,aor,act,imp,3,sg
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- γλωσσαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- απο: PREP
- κακου: ADJ,gen,sg,n
- και: CONJ
- χειλη: NOUN,acc,pl,n
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- μη: PART
- λαλησαι: VERB,aor,act,inf
- δολον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
Parallels
- Psalm 34:12-16 (LXX Psalm 33:13-16) (quotation): 1 Peter 3:10 is an explicit citation of this psalm (LXX) exhorting love of life, avoidance of evil speech, and deceit.
- Proverbs 21:23 (verbal): Similar wording and wisdom tradition: guarding mouth and tongue preserves one from trouble, paralleling the call to restrain speech.
- James 3:5-10 (thematic): Develops the theme of the tongue's power and the ethical necessity of controlling speech—both warn about harmful words and call for restraint.
- Ephesians 4:29 (thematic): Paulic ethical instruction to avoid corrupting talk and to use speech that builds up echoes Peter’s command to refrain from evil and deceitful words.
Alternative generated candidates
- For, "Whoever desires to love life and see good days must keep his tongue from evil and his lips from speaking deceit;"
- For 'Whoever would love life and desire to see good days, keep your tongue from evil and your lips from speaking deceit; turn away from evil and do good;'
1Pet.3.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- εκκλινατω: VERB,aor,act,imp,3,sg
- δε: CONJ
- απο: PREP
- κακου: ADJ,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- ποιησατω: VERB,aor,act,imp,3,sg
- αγαθον: ADJ,acc,sg,m
- ζητησατω: VERB,aor,act,imp,3,sg
- ειρηνην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- διωξατω: VERB,aor,act,imp,3,sg
- αυτην·: PRON,acc,sg,f
Parallels
- Psalm 34:14 (quotation): 1 Peter 3:11 closely follows the LXX wording of Psalm 34:14 ('Depart from evil, and do good; seek peace, and pursue it'), and is generally regarded as a direct citation/allusion to this psalm.
- Psalm 37:27 (verbal): Uses very similar language ('Turn from evil and do good'), echoing the injunction to abandon evil and practice goodness found in 1 Peter 3:11.
- Isaiah 1:16-17 (thematic): Calls for abandoning evil and learning to do good (seek justice, relieve the oppressed), paralleling the ethical summons of 1 Peter to forsake evil and pursue peace and good deeds.
- Romans 12:18 (thematic): Urges believers to live peaceably with all 'as far as it depends on you,' resonating with 1 Peter's command to seek and pursue peace.
- Hebrews 12:14 (verbal): Commands to 'strive for peace with everyone' and links peace-seeking to holiness—echoing 1 Peter's imperative to seek peace and actively pursue it.
Alternative generated candidates
- must turn away from evil and do good; must seek peace and pursue it.
- 'seek peace and pursue it.'
1Pet.3.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- οτι: CONJ
- οφθαλμοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- κυριου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- επι: PREP
- δικαιους: ADJ,acc,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- ωτα: NOUN,acc,pl,n
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- εις: PREP
- δεησιν: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- αυτων: PRON,gen,pl,m
- προσωπον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- δε: CONJ
- κυριου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- επι: PREP
- ποιουντας: VERB,pres,act,part,acc,pl,m
- κακα: ADJ,acc,pl,n
Parallels
- Psalm 34:15-16 (quotation): Nearly verbatim source for 1 Pet 3:12—'The eyes of the LORD are upon the righteous, and his ears are open to their cry... The face of the LORD is against them that do evil.' Peter echoes and applies this Psalm.
- Proverbs 15:29 (verbal): Declares that 'The LORD is far from the wicked, but he hears the prayer of the righteous,' paralleling Peter's contrast between God's hearing of the righteous and opposition to evildoers.
- Proverbs 15:3 (verbal): Speaks of God's attentive gaze—'The eyes of the LORD are in every place, beholding the evil and the good'—echoing the language of the Lord's eyes being upon the righteous in 1 Pet 3:12.
- Isaiah 1:15 (structural): Presents a contrasting motif: when people persist in sin, God 'will hide his eyes' and not hear their prayers, which structurally parallels Peter's warning that God's face is against those who do evil.
Alternative generated candidates
- For the eyes of the Lord are upon the righteous, and his ears are open to their prayer; but the face of the Lord is against those who do evil.
- For the eyes of the Lord are upon the righteous, and his ears are open to their prayer; but the face of the Lord is against those who do evil.
1Pet.3.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Και: CONJ
- τις: PRON,nom,sg,?
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- κακωσων: VERB,fut,act,part,nom,sg,masc
- υμας: PRON,acc,pl,2
- εαν: CONJ
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- αγαθου: ADJ,gen,sg,m
- ζηλωται: VERB,pres,mid,subj,3,sg
- γενησθε: VERB,pres,mid,imp,2,pl
Parallels
- 1 Peter 3:14 (structural): Immediate continuation of the thought: if you suffer for righteousness' sake you are blessed — directly follows and qualifies the question about being harmed for doing good.
- 1 Peter 2:20-21 (verbal): Uses the same contrast of suffering for doing good versus doing wrong and frames Christian calling as following Christ's example when harmed for doing good (similar language about 'doing good').
- Matthew 5:10 (thematic): Beatitude: 'Blessed are those who are persecuted for righteousness' sake' — theme of being harmed or persecuted because of commitment to what is right/ good.
- John 15:20 (thematic): Jesus warns that those who follow him may be persecuted as he was ('if they persecuted me, they will persecute you') — parallels the expectation of harm for pursuing what is good/Christlike.
- Romans 12:17-21 (thematic): Advises repaying evil with good and not returning harm for harm; echoes the ethic that doing good is the Christian response even in the face of harm and undergirds the rhetorical question about who will harm you for good.
Alternative generated candidates
- And who is there to harm you if you are zealous for what is good?
- And who is there to harm you if you are zealous for what is good?
1Pet.3.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- αλλ᾽ει: CONJ
- και: CONJ
- πασχοιτε: VERB,pres,act,subj,2,pl
- δια: PREP
- δικαιοσυνην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- μακαριοι: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- φοβον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- αυτων: PRON,gen,pl,m
- μη: PART
- φοβηθητε: VERB,aor,pass,subj,2,pl
- μηδε: CONJ
- ταραχθητε: VERB,aor,pass,subj,2,pl
Parallels
- Matthew 5:10-12 (thematic): Beatitude on being blessed when persecuted for righteousness—echoes 'if you suffer for righteousness' you are blessed.'
- 1 Peter 4:14 (verbal): Close verbal and thematic parallel within the same letter: blessing pronounced on those reproached for the name of Christ and exhortation not to be ashamed.
- Matthew 10:28 (thematic): Jesus' command not to fear those who can kill the body parallels Peter's injunction 'do not fear their threats.'
- Hebrews 13:6 (thematic): Exhortation against fear based on God's help ('The Lord is my helper; I will not fear') resonates with Peter's command not to be frightened by opponents.
- Acts 5:41 (thematic): The apostles' rejoicing that they were counted worthy to suffer dishonor for Christ parallels Peter's linking of suffering for righteousness with blessing.
Alternative generated candidates
- But even if you should suffer for righteousness' sake, you will be blessed. Have no fear of them, and do not be troubled,
- But even if you should suffer for righteousness' sake, you are blessed. Have no fear of them, nor be troubled,
1Pet.3.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- κυριον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Χριστον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- αγιασατε: VERB,aor,act,imp,2,pl
- εν: PREP
- ταις: ART,dat,pl,f
- καρδιαις: NOUN,dat,pl,f
- υμων: PRON,gen,pl,2
- ετοιμοι: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- αει: ADV
- προς: PREP
- απολογιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- παντι: PRON,dat,sg,m
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- αιτουντι: VERB,pres,act,part,dat,sg,m
- υμας: PRON,acc,pl,2
- λογον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- περι: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- εν: PREP
- υμιν: PRON,dat,pl,2
- ελπιδος: NOUN,gen,sg,f
Parallels
- Colossians 4:6 (verbal): Both passages instruct believers about speech toward outsiders—Colossians' 'let your speech always be gracious... so that you may know how you ought to answer each person' parallels 1 Pet 3:15's command to be ready to give an answer about the hope in you, including manner and readiness.
- Isaiah 8:13 (allusion): The command to 'sanctify the Lord' echoes Isaiah 8:13 (LXX/Hebrew), where reverent fear and setting the Lord apart as holy is proclaimed—1 Pet 3:15 applies this to honoring Christ as Lord in the heart.
- 1 Peter 3:16 (structural): Immediate literary parallel: v.16 continues and qualifies v.15, specifying a 'good conscience' and the proper demeanor (gentleness and respect) when giving the defense mentioned in v.15.
- 1 Peter 1:13 (thematic): Both verses link readiness and mental preparation with Christian hope—1 Pet 1:13's 'prepare your minds for action; set your hope fully on the grace' aligns with being ready to explain the hope within (3:15).
- Acts 26:2 (verbal): Uses the legal/ courtroom term 'defense' (apologia) in Paul's speech before Agrippa; parallels 1 Pet 3:15's technical term and the idea of offering a reasoned defense for one's faith before inquirers.
Alternative generated candidates
- but in your hearts regard Christ the Lord as holy—always be ready to give an answer to anyone who asks you for a reason for the hope that is in you; yet do this with gentleness and reverence.
- but reverence Christ as Lord in your hearts; always be ready to give a defense to anyone who asks you for a reason for the hope that is in you,
1Pet.3.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- αλλα: CONJ
- μετα: PREP
- πραυτητος: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- φοβου: VERB,pres,act,imp,2,sg
- συνειδησιν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- εχοντες: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,pl,m
- αγαθην: ADJ,acc,sg,f
- ινα: CONJ
- εν: PREP
- ω: PRON,dat,sg,m
- καταλαλεισθε: VERB,pres,pass,subj,2,pl
- καταισχυνθωσιν: VERB,aor,pass,subj,3,pl
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- επηρεαζοντες: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,pl,m
- υμων: PRON,gen,pl,2
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- αγαθην: ADJ,acc,sg,f
- εν: PREP
- Χριστω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- αναστροφην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
Parallels
- Acts 24:16 (verbal): Paul's desire to 'have always a conscience without offense toward God and men' echoes 1 Pet 3:16's 'having a good conscience' as grounds for gentle, reverent witness.
- Titus 2:8 (verbal): The call to 'sound speech that cannot be condemned' parallels Peter's emphasis on conduct and conscience so that slanderers are put to shame.
- 1 Peter 2:12 (structural): Immediate epistolary parallel: earlier admonition to maintain honorable conduct among Gentiles so that by your good works they may glorify God closely matches the same concern in 3:16.
- 1 Peter 3:15 (structural): The neighboring verse prescribes being 'ready to give a defense' and doing so 'with gentleness and reverence,' which provides the direct rhetorical and ethical context for 3:16's admonition.
- Romans 12:17-21 (thematic): Paulic teaching to not repay evil, to overcome evil with good, and to leave judgment to God resonates with Peter's counsel to respond to slander with upright conduct and meekness.
Alternative generated candidates
- Keep a clear conscience so that, when you are slandered, those who revile your good conduct in Christ may be put to shame.
- yet do so with gentleness and reverence, keeping a good conscience—so that, when you are maligned for the name of Christ, those who revile your good conduct in him may be put to shame.
1Pet.3.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- κρειττον: ADJ,comp,nom,sg,neut
- γαρ: PART
- αγαθοποιουντας: VERB,pres,act,part,acc,pl,m
- ει: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
- θελοι: VERB,pres,opt,act,3,sg
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- θελημα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- πασχειν: VERB,pres,act,inf
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- κακοποιουντας: VERB,pres,act,part,acc,pl,masc
Parallels
- 1 Peter 2:20 (verbal): Explicitly parallels the idea and wording that suffering for doing good is commendable before God (“if when you do good and suffer for it you endure, this is a gracious thing in God’s sight”), closely echoing 1 Pet 3:17’s contrast between suffering for good and for evil.
- 1 Peter 4:19 (verbal): Speaks of suffering ‘according to God’s will’ and instructs believers to entrust their souls to God, echoing 1 Pet 3:17’s concern with God’s will in the context of suffering for righteousness.
- Matthew 5:10-12 (thematic): Beatitudes promise blessing for those persecuted for righteousness’ sake and commend enduring suffering for doing right—the same moral/theological valuation of suffering found in 1 Pet 3:17.
- John 15:18-20 (thematic): Jesus warns disciples that the world will persecute them as it persecuted him, linking discipleship and unjust suffering; parallels 1 Pet 3:17’s theme that suffering for doing good can be part of the Christian experience.
Alternative generated candidates
- For it is better, if God's will allows, to suffer for doing good than for doing evil.
- For it is better, if God wills, to suffer for doing good than for doing evil.
1Pet.3.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- οτι: CONJ
- και: CONJ
- Χριστος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- απαξ: ADV
- περι: PREP
- αμαρτιων: NOUN,gen,pl,f
- επαθεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- δικαιος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- υπερ: PREP
- αδικων: ADJ,gen,pl,m
- ινα: CONJ
- υμας: PRON,acc,pl,2
- προσαγαγη: VERB,aor,act,subj,3,sg
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- θεω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- θανατωθεις: PART,aor,pass,nom,sg,m
- μεν: PART
- σαρκι: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- ζωοποιηθεις: PART,aor,pass,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- πνευματι·: NOUN,dat,sg,n
Parallels
- Isaiah 53:5-6 (allusion): The suffering‑servant motif — the righteous one suffers for the wicked and bears their iniquities, providing the OT backdrop for 'δικαιος υπερ αδικων.'
- Romans 5:8 (verbal): ‘Christ died for us while we were still sinners’ parallels the language and force of Christ dying on behalf of the guilty/unrighteous.
- 1 Peter 2:24 (verbal): Same author and theology: Christ ‘bore our sins in his body’ and suffered for sin — a close verbal and theological echo of suffering 'περι αμαρτιων.'
- 1 Corinthians 15:3-4 (verbal): The early creedal formula ‘Christ died for our sins and was raised’ corresponds to the paired statements here (put to death in the flesh, made alive in the spirit).
- Romans 8:11 (thematic): The Spirit’s role in raising and granting life connects with 'ζωοποιηθεις δε πνευματι' — life given through the Spirit who raised Jesus.
Alternative generated candidates
- For Christ also suffered once for sins, the righteous for the unrighteous, that he might bring us to God—put to death in the flesh, but made alive in the Spirit;
- For Christ also suffered once for sins, the righteous for the unrighteous, that he might bring us to God; put to death in the flesh, he was made alive in the spirit.
1Pet.3.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- εν: PREP
- ω: PRON,dat,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- τοις: ART,dat,pl,n
- εν: PREP
- φυλακη: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- πνευμασιν: NOUN,dat,pl,n
- πορευθεις: VERB,aor,mid,part,nom,m,sg
- εκηρυξεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- 1Pet.3.20 (structural): Immediate context: identifies the 'spirits in prison' as those who were disobedient in Noah's time, explaining whom Christ's proclamation concerned.
- 1Pet.4.6 (verbal): Uses related language of proclaiming to the dead ('κηρύχθη'), echoing the idea of Christ's proclamation to those no longer living.
- 2Pet.2.4-5 (allusion): Speaks of angels cast into chains of darkness and links divine judgment with the time of Noah—parallel imagery and tradition to 'spirits in prison.'
- Jude 1:6 (allusion): Describes angels who abandoned their proper dwelling and are kept in eternal chains under gloomy darkness—same motif of imprisoned spirits awaiting judgment.
- Eph.4.9-10 (thematic): Speaks of Christ's 'descent' to the lower regions/earth, a tradition often connected with the idea of Christ's activity (proclamation or triumph) among the dead or imprisoned spirits.
Alternative generated candidates
- in which he went and proclaimed to the spirits in prison,
- In that spirit he went and proclaimed to the spirits in prison,
1Pet.3.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- απειθησασιν: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,pl,m
- ποτε: ADV
- οτε: CONJ
- απεξεδεχετο: VERB,impf,mid,ind,3,sg
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- μακροθυμια: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- εν: PREP
- ημεραις: NOUN,dat,pl,f
- Νωε: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- κατασκευαζομενης: VERB,pres,pass,part,gen,sg,f
- κιβωτου: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- εις: PREP
- ην: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- ολιγοι: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- τουτ᾽εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- οκτω: NUM,nom,sg,m
- ψυχαι: NOUN,nom,pl,f
- διεσωθησαν: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,pl
- δι᾽υδατος: PREP
Parallels
- Genesis 6:14 (verbal): God commands Noah to build the ark ('Make yourself an ark'), directly corresponding to Peter's reference to the ark being constructed during Noah's days.
- Genesis 7:23 (thematic): The flood narrative statement that only Noah and those with him remained alive parallels Peter's summary that eight souls were saved through the waters.
- 2 Peter 2:5 (allusion): Peter’s brother (in 2 Peter) likewise cites Noah’s preservation—portraying God’s judgment and deliverance in the antediluvian world, echoing the same historical example.
- 2 Peter 3:6 (verbal): Speaks of the ancient world being deluged and destroyed by water, directly paralleling Peter’s point that salvation (and judgment) in Noah’s time occurred 'through water.'
- Luke 17:26–27 (thematic): Jesus’ comparison of the coming judgment to the 'days of Noah' (men eating, marrying, and then the flood) echoes Peter’s use of Noah’s epoch as the paradigmatic instance of divine patience, judgment, and salvation.
Alternative generated candidates
- who formerly were disobedient—when God patiently waited in the days of Noah, while the ark was being prepared—into which a few, that is, eight persons, were saved through water.
- who formerly were disobedient—when God's patience waited in the days of Noah, while the ark was being prepared—into which a few, that is, eight persons, were saved through water.
1Pet.3.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- υμας: PRON,acc,pl,2
- αντιτυπον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- νυν: ADV
- σωζει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- βαπτισμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- ου: PART,neg
- σαρκος: NOUN,gen,sg,fem
- αποθεσις: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- ρυπου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- αλλα: CONJ
- συνειδησεως: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- αγαθης: ADJ,gen,sg,f
- επερωτημα: NOUN,nom,sg,n
- εις: PREP
- θεον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- δι᾽αναστασεως: PREP,gen+NOUN,gen,sg,f
- Ιησου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- Χριστου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Romans 6:3-4 (thematic): Links baptism with participation in Christ's death and resurrection — baptism as union with Christ that effects new life, echoing 'through the resurrection of Jesus Christ.'
- Colossians 2:12 (verbal): Speaks of being 'buried with him in baptism' and 'raised with him' through faith in God's power, a close verbal parallel to baptism's connection to resurrection.
- Titus 3:5 (thematic): Affirms that salvation is not by works but by 'washing of regeneration and renewal of the Holy Spirit,' paralleling Peter's contrast of baptism with mere cleansing of the body.
- Hebrews 9:14 (thematic): Describes Christ's blood purifying our conscience from dead works to serve the living God, resonating with 1 Pet 3:21's emphasis on an appeal to God for a good conscience.
- Acts 2:38 (structural): Peter's own preaching ties repentance and baptism to forgiveness and receiving the Spirit, reflecting the early Christian linkage of baptism with salvation found in 1 Peter 3:21.
Alternative generated candidates
- Baptism, which corresponds to this, now saves you—not as a removal of dirt from the body, but as an appeal to God for a good conscience—through the resurrection of Jesus Christ,
- Baptism, which corresponds to this, now saves you—not as a removal of dirt from the body, but as an appeal to God for a good conscience—through the resurrection of Jesus Christ,
1Pet.3.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ος: PRON,nom,sg,m
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- εν: PREP
- δεξια: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- πορευθεις: VERB,aor,mid,part,nom,m,sg
- εις: PREP
- ουρανον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- υποταγεντων: PART,aor,pass,gen,m,pl
- αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
- αγγελων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- εξουσιων: NOUN,gen,pl,f
- και: CONJ
- δυναμεων: NOUN,gen,pl,f
Parallels
- Psalm 110:1 (quotation): The image of the exalted one seated at God's right hand until enemies are subdued is the Old Testament background for NT claims about Christ's heavenly session and authority.
- Ephesians 1:20-21 (verbal): Speaks of God raising Christ and seating him at his right hand 'far above all rule and authority and power and dominion,' closely echoing the language of dominion and subjection.
- Colossians 2:15 (thematic): Describes Christ's triumph over rulers and authorities—'disarming' them—paralleling the idea that angelic and demonic powers are subjected to him.
- Hebrews 1:3-4 (allusion): Affirms that the Son 'sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high' and emphasizes his superiority to the angels, resonating with Peter's emphasis on heavenly exaltation.
- Romans 8:34 (thematic): Refers to Christ at God's right hand who intercedes for believers, linking the motif of cosmic lordship at the Father's right hand with the present reign and authority of Christ.
Alternative generated candidates
- who has gone into heaven and is at the right hand of God, with angels, authorities, and powers made subject to him.
- who has gone into heaven and is at the right hand of God, with angels, authorities, and powers made subject to him.
Finally, all of you, be of one mind, compassionate, loving as brothers, tenderhearted, and humble in spirit.
Do not repay evil for evil or insult for insult; but repay with a blessing, for to this you were called—that you might inherit a blessing.
For, “Whoever desires to love life and see good days, let him keep his tongue from evil and his lips from deceitful speech;
let him turn away from evil and do good; let him seek peace and pursue it.
For the eyes of the Lord are upon the righteous, and his ears are open to their prayer; but the face of the Lord is against those who do evil.” Now who is there to harm you if you are zealous for what is good? But even if you should suffer for righteousness' sake, you are blessed. Do not be afraid of their intimidation, and do not be alarmed;
but set apart Christ as Lord in your hearts—always be ready to give a reasoned defense to anyone who asks you for the hope that is in you;
yet do this with gentleness and reverence, keeping a clear conscience, so that those who slander your good conduct in Christ may be put to shame.
For it is better, if God wills, to suffer for doing good than for doing evil.
For Christ also suffered once for sins, the righteous for the unrighteous, that he might bring us to God. He was put to death in the flesh but made alive in the spirit.
In that spirit he went and made proclamation to the spirits now in prison,
who once were disobedient—when God waited patiently in the days of Noah, while the ark was being prepared—into which a few, that is, eight souls, were saved through water.
Baptism, which this prefigures, now saves you—not as a removal of dirt from the body but as an appeal to God for a good conscience—through the resurrection of Jesus Christ,
who has gone into heaven and is at the right hand of God, with angels, authorities, and powers made subject to him.