The Destruction of the Temple and Signs of the End
Luke 21:5-38
Luke.21.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Και: CONJ
- τινων: PRON,gen,pl,m
- λεγοντων: PART,pres,act,gen,pl,m
- περι: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- ιερου: NOUN,gen,sg,n
- οτι: CONJ
- λιθοις: NOUN,dat,pl,masc
- καλοις: ADJ,dat,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- αναθημασιν: NOUN,dat,pl,n
- κεκοσμηται: VERB,perf,pass,ind,3,sg
- ειπεν·: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- Mark 13:1-2 (verbal): Parallel Synoptic account of the same incident—disciples remark on the temple's adornment and Jesus predicts that not one stone will be left upon another.
- Matthew 24:1-2 (verbal): Matthew's parallel to Luke 21:5–6: the disciples point out the temple buildings and Jesus prophesies the temple's imminent destruction.
- John 2:19-21 (allusion): Jesus speaks of destroying the 'temple' and raising it in three days (applied to his body in John); thematically connected through Jesus' provocative language about the temple's fate and identity.
- Psalm 74:3-7 (thematic): A lament over the destruction and profaning of the sanctuary by enemies; thematically resonates with Jesus' prediction of the temple's ruin and the motif of a desecrated sanctuary.
Alternative generated candidates
- And while some were speaking about the temple—how it was adorned with noble stones and offerings—he said,
- And while some spoke about the temple, how it was adorned with noble stones and offerings, he said,
Luke.21.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Ταυτα: PRON,nom,pl,n
- α: PRON,nom,sg,n
- θεωρειτε: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,pl
- ελευσονται: VERB,fut,mid,ind,3,pl
- ημεραι: NOUN,nom,pl,f
- εν: PREP
- αις: PRON,dat,pl,f
- ουκ: PART,neg
- αφεθησεται: VERB,fut,pass,ind,3,sg
- λιθος: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- επι: PREP
- λιθω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- ος: PRON,nom,sg,m
- ου: PART,neg
- καταλυθησεται: VERB,fut,pass,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- Matthew 24:2 (quotation): Direct synoptic parallel in which Jesus predicts that not one stone of the temple will be left on another; essentially the same prophetic formula as Luke 21:6.
- Mark 13:2 (quotation): Mark's version of the Olivet Discourse records the same saying about the temple's stones being thrown down, a close verbal parallel to Luke 21:6.
- Luke 19:44 (verbal): An earlier Lukan prophecy about Jerusalem's coming destruction that uses virtually the same language ('not leave one stone upon another') and explains the reason for the calamity.
- Luke 21:24 (thematic): Continues the theme of Jerusalem's judgment and desolation (trampling by Gentiles and exile), showing the broader consequences of the temple's destruction predicted in v.6.
- Matthew 23:38 (allusion): Jesus' pronouncement 'your house is left to you desolate' thematically echoes the prediction of the temple's downfall and impending desolation reflected in Luke 21:6.
Alternative generated candidates
- "As for these things that you see, days will come when not one stone will be left upon another that will not be thrown down."
- "As for these things you see—days will come when not one stone will be left upon another; every one will be thrown down."
Luke.21.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Επηρωτησαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- δε: CONJ
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- λεγοντες·Διδασκαλε: PART,pres,act,nom,pl,m
- ποτε: ADV
- ουν: CONJ
- ταυτα: PRON,acc,pl,n
- εσται: VERB,fut,mid,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- τι: PRON,int,nom,sg,n
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- σημειον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- οταν: CONJ
- μελλη: VERB,pres,act,subj,3,sg
- ταυτα: PRON,acc,pl,n
- γινεσθαι: VERB,pres,mid,inf
Parallels
- Mark 13:4 (verbal): Almost word-for-word parallel question in Mark's version of the Olivet Discourse: the disciples ask Jesus 'When will these things be, and what will be the sign?'
- Matthew 24:3 (verbal): Direct parallel in Matthew's account of the Olivet Discourse: the disciples ask about the timing and the sign of the end/Jesus' coming (includes 'and of the end of the age').
- Luke 17:20-21 (thematic): Earlier Lucan material where interlocutors ask about the coming of the Kingdom—shares the theme of inquiry about 'when' eschatological events will occur and what their nature will be.
- Acts 1:6 (thematic): The disciples again ask a timing question—'Lord, will you at this time restore the kingdom to Israel?'—reflecting the same concern for the timing of God's decisive intervention.
- 2 Thessalonians 2:1-3 (thematic): Paul addresses early Christian questions about the timing and signs of the Lord's coming and the day of the Lord, evidencing the common apostolic concern to clarify 'when' and 'what signs' will accompany eschatological events.
Alternative generated candidates
- They asked him, "Teacher, when will these things be? And what sign will there be when these things are about to take place?"
- And they asked him, "Teacher, when will these things be, and what will be the sign when these things are about to take place?"
Luke.21.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- ειπεν·Βλεπετε: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg+VERB,pres,act,imp,2,pl
- μη: PART
- πλανηθητε·πολλοι: VERB,aor,pass,subj,2,pl+ADJ,nom,pl,m
- γαρ: PART
- ελευσονται: VERB,fut,mid,ind,3,pl
- επι: PREP
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- ονοματι: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- μου: PRON,gen,sg,1
- λεγοντες·Εγω: PART,pres,act,nom,pl,m+PRON,nom,sg,1
- ειμι: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- και·Ο: CONJ+ART,nom,sg,m
- καιρος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ηγγικεν·μη: VERB,perf,act,ind,3,sg+PART,neg
- πορευθητε: VERB,aor,pass,subj,2,pl
- οπισω: ADV
- αυτων: PRON,gen,pl,m
Parallels
- Mark 13:5-6 (verbal): Close synoptic parallel: same warning against being deceived, mentioning many coming in Jesus' name and claiming 'I am' or similar claims—nearly identical wording.
- Matthew 24:4-5 (verbal): Synoptic equivalent: 'Take heed that no man deceive you' and 'many will come in my name, saying I am Christ,' directly parallels Luke's warning about false messianic claimants.
- Matthew 24:23-25 (thematic): Expanded warning about false Christs and false signs: Jesus cautions that false claimants will appear and perform signs to deceive, echoing Luke's injunction not to follow such figures.
- Matthew 7:15 (thematic): General Johannine/teachings parallel: admonition to 'beware of false prophets' who come in misleading guise—connects to Luke's call to avoid being led astray by false claimants.
- 2 Thessalonians 2:3-4 (allusion): Paulic echo of deception and false 'coming': warns believers not to be deceived about the nearness of the Lord's coming and describes a deceptive figure claiming authority—resonates with Luke's 'do not be led astray' theme.
Alternative generated candidates
- He said, "See that you are not led astray. For many will come in my name, saying 'I am' and 'The time is near.' Do not go after them."
- And he said, "See that you are not led astray; for many will come in my name, saying, 'I am he,' and, 'The time is near.' Do not follow them.
Luke.21.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- οταν: CONJ
- δε: CONJ
- ακουσητε: VERB,aor,act,subj,2,pl
- πολεμους: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- ακαταστασιας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- μη: PART
- πτοηθητε·δει: VERB,aor,pass,subj,2,pl+VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- γαρ: PART
- ταυτα: PRON,acc,pl,n
- γενεσθαι: VERB,aor,mid,inf
- πρωτον: ADV
- αλλ᾽ουκ: CONJ
- ευθεως: ADV
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- τελος: NOUN,nom,sg,n
Parallels
- Matthew 24:6-8 (verbal): Part of the Synoptic Olivet Discourse; closely parallels Luke's wording about hearing of wars and rumours of wars, the injunction not to be troubled, and that these things must occur before the end.
- Mark 13:7-8 (verbal): Mark's version of the Olivet Discourse uses nearly identical language about wars and uprisings and the warning not to be alarmed because the end is not yet.
- John 16:33 (thematic): Jesus acknowledges that his followers will face tribulation in the world but commands them not to be troubled, echoing Luke's exhortation in the face of alarming signs.
- Acts 1:7 (thematic): Jesus' reply that it is not for the disciples to know times or seasons resonates with Luke's statement that the end does not come immediately, tempering expectations about the timing of eschatological events.
Alternative generated candidates
- "When you hear of wars and uprisings, do not be alarmed; for these things must first take place, but the end will not immediately follow."
- When you hear of wars and uprisings, do not be terrified; for these things must happen first, but the end will not follow immediately."
Luke.21.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- τοτε: ADV
- ελεγεν: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτοις·Εγερθησεται: PRON,dat,pl;VERB,fut,pass,ind,3,sg
- εθνος: NOUN,nom,sg,n
- επ᾽εθνος: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- και: CONJ
- βασιλεια: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- επι: PREP
- βασιλειαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
Parallels
- Matthew 24:7 (verbal): Nearly identical wording in Jesus’ Olivet Discourse: 'nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom'—direct parallel reporting the same prophecy about international conflict.
- Mark 13:8 (verbal): Mark's version of the Olivet Discourse uses the same phrase ('nation against nation, kingdom against kingdom'), showing the Synoptic verbal agreement about impending wars as a sign.
- Isaiah 19:2 (allusion): Isaiah predicts internal and international strife ('I will stir up the Egyptians against the Egyptians...'), an Old Testament precedent for prophetic language about nations fighting one another.
- Joel 3:9-10 (thematic): Joel summons the nations to prepare for battle ('Proclaim this among the nations... Let the nations be aroused')—thematically linked to prophetic expectations of widespread inter‑national conflict.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then he said to them, "Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom;"
- Then he said to them, "Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom.
Luke.21.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- σεισμοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- τε: CONJ
- μεγαλοι: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- κατα: PREP
- τοπους: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- λιμοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- λοιμοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- εσονται: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,pl
- φοβητρα: NOUN,nom,pl,n
- τε: CONJ
- και: CONJ
- σημεια: NOUN,acc,pl,n
- απ᾽ουρανου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- μεγαλα: ADJ,nom,pl,n
- εσται: VERB,fut,mid,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- Matthew 24:7-8 (verbal): Close Synoptic parallel in the Olivet Discourse—mentions earthquakes, famines (and pestilences in some manuscripts) as signs and 'the beginning of birth pains.'
- Mark 13:8 (verbal): Another Synoptic parallel listing 'earthquakes in various places' and famines as part of the same sequence of portentous signs.
- Joel 2:30-31 (allusion): Prophetic imagery of wonders/signs in the heavens and on earth (blood, fire, smoke, cosmic disturbances) that Luke evokes with 'great signs from heaven.'
- Acts 2:19 (quotation): Peter quotes Joel at Pentecost—'wonders in heaven above and signs on earth beneath'—using the same language of heavenly signs referenced in Luke.
- Revelation 6:7-14 (thematic): Apocalyptic parallel: Revelation pairs famine and pestilence (6:7-8) and cosmic disturbances/earthquakes (6:12-14) as part of end-time signs similar to Luke's list.
Alternative generated candidates
- and there will be great earthquakes, and in various places famines and pestilences; and there will be fearful sights and great signs from heaven.
- There will be great earthquakes, and in various places famines and pestilences; and there will be fearful sights and great signs from heaven.
Luke.21.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Προ: PREP
- δε: CONJ
- τουτων: PRON,gen,pl,m
- παντων: ADJ,gen,pl,m
- επιβαλουσιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,pl
- εφ᾽υμας: PREP+PRON,acc,pl,m
- τας: ART,acc,pl,f
- χειρας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- αυτων: PRON,gen,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- διωξουσιν: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,pl
- παραδιδοντες: PART,pres,act,nom,pl,masc
- εις: PREP
- τας: ART,acc,pl,f
- συναγωγας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- και: CONJ
- φυλακας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- απαγομενους: VERB,pres,pass,ptc,acc,pl,m
- επι: PREP
- βασιλεις: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- ηγεμονας: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- ενεκεν: PREP,gen
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- ονοματος: NOUN,gen,sg,n
- μου·: PRON,gen,sg,1
Parallels
- Matthew 10:17-18 (verbal): Close verbal parallel: Jesus warns disciples they will be handed over to councils/synagogues and brought before governors and kings for his name.
- Mark 13:9-11 (verbal): Synoptic parallel in Mark's Olivet discourse with similar wording about being delivered to councils, synagogues, and to governors and kings; includes instruction not to worry about defense beforehand.
- Matthew 24:9 (verbal): Related eschatological warning: 'they will deliver you up and kill you' for Jesus' name—echoes Luke's prediction of persecution for the sake of his name.
- John 15:20 (thematic): Thematic parallel: Jesus teaches that because they persecuted him, his followers will likewise be persecuted—provides the theological basis for the persecutions Luke predicts.
- Acts 4:3 (thematic): Luke's own narrative example: the apostles are arrested and brought before the Jewish authorities 'because they were teaching the people and proclaiming in Jesus the resurrection,' illustrating the prediction in Luke 21.
Alternative generated candidates
- "But before all these things they will lay hands on you and persecute you; they will deliver you up to synagogues and prisons, and you will be brought before kings and governors for my name's sake.
- But before all these things they will lay hands on you and persecute you, delivering you up to synagogues and prisons, and you will be brought before kings and governors for my name's sake.
Luke.21.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- αποβησεται: VERB,fut,mid,ind,3,sg
- υμιν: PRON,dat,pl,2
- εις: PREP
- μαρτυριον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
Parallels
- Matthew 10:18-20 (verbal): Jesus warns disciples they will be brought before rulers and that these trials will serve as testimony; Matthew also emphasizes not to premeditate words because the Spirit will speak through them—closely parallels Luke's 'it will turn to you for a testimony.'
- Mark 13:9-11 (verbal): Synoptic parallel to Luke 21:13: predicts arrest and trials that will function as testimony and likewise instructs not to worry about what to say, since the Spirit will provide the words.
- Luke 12:11-12 (verbal): Within Luke's Gospel Jesus gives the same assurance that when brought before authorities disciples should not plan their defense because the Holy Spirit will teach them what to say—same theme of persecution turning into testimony.
- Acts 1:8 (thematic): The risen Jesus commissions the disciples to be his witnesses to Jerusalem, Judea, Samaria, and the ends of the earth; thematically connects the idea that followers are to bear testimony even amid opposition.
- John 15:26-27 (thematic): Jesus promises the Spirit who will testify and enable the disciples to bear witness about him; relates the Spirit-empowered witnessing that Luke frames as persecution becoming testimony.
Alternative generated candidates
- This will be an opportunity for you to bear witness.
- This will be a testimony to them.
Luke.21.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- θετε: VERB,pres,act,imp,2,pl
- ουν: CONJ
- εν: PREP
- ταις: ART,dat,pl,f
- καρδιαις: NOUN,dat,pl,f
- υμων: PRON,gen,pl,2
- μη: PART
- προμελεταν: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,pl
- απολογηθηναι: VERB,aor,pass,inf
Parallels
- Matthew 10:19-20 (verbal): Jesus' instruction not to worry about what to say when delivered up — God/the Spirit will give the words — is nearly identical in wording and intent.
- Mark 13:11 (verbal): Synoptic parallel in Mark's eschatological discourse: do not premeditate your defense when arrested; you will be given what to say.
- Luke 12:11-12 (verbal): Earlier Lukan teaching with the same admonition in the context of persecutions: the Holy Spirit will teach the needed words in the hour of trial.
- Acts 4:8 (thematic): Peter, filled with the Holy Spirit, speaks boldly before authorities — an example of the promised Spirit-given speech when facing interrogation or persecution.
Alternative generated candidates
- Settle it therefore in your hearts not to premeditate how you will make your defense,
- Settle it therefore in your minds not to meditate beforehand how to answer;
Luke.21.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- εγω: PRON,nom,sg,1
- γαρ: PART
- δωσω: VERB,fut,act,ind,1,sg
- υμιν: PRON,dat,pl,2
- στομα: NOUN,nom,sg,n
- και: CONJ
- σοφιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- ου: PART,neg
- δυνησονται: VERB,fut,mid,ind,3,pl
- αντιστηναι: VERB,pres,act,inf
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- αντειπειν: VERB,pres,act,inf
- απαντες: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- αντικειμενοι: VERB,pres,mid/pass,part,nom,pl,m
- υμιν: PRON,dat,pl,2
Parallels
- Matthew 10:19–20 (verbal): Same promise that when persecuted you need not plan your words, for you will be given what to say—‘for it is not you who speak, but the Spirit of your Father’—paralleling Luke’s promise of a given mouth and wisdom.
- Mark 13:11 (verbal): Parallel saying in the Synoptic tradition: do not premeditate your defense when brought to trial, ‘for it is not you who speak, but the Holy Spirit’—closely echoes Luke’s assurance of divine speech and wisdom.
- Luke 12:11–12 (verbal): An internal Lukan parallel: earlier in Luke Jesus tells disciples not to worry what to say before authorities, because the Holy Spirit will teach them in that hour—same promise of God-supplied words/wisdom.
- Acts 6:10 (verbal): Speech about Stephen: his opponents ‘were not able to withstand the wisdom and the Spirit with which he spoke’—language and idea echo Luke 21:15’s claim that adversaries cannot resist the given wisdom/mouth.
- Exodus 4:12 (thematic): God’s promise to Moses—‘I will be with your mouth and teach you what you shall say’—provides an OT precedent for divine enabling of speech that underlies the NT promise in Luke 21:15.
Alternative generated candidates
- for I will give you a mouth and wisdom that none of your adversaries will be able to withstand or contradict.
- for I will give you a mouth and wisdom, which none of your adversaries will be able to resist or refute.
Luke.21.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- παραδοθησεσθε: VERB,fut,pass,ind,2,pl
- δε: CONJ
- και: CONJ
- υπο: PREP
- γονεων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- αδελφων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- συγγενων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- φιλων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- θανατωσουσιν: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,pl
- εξ: PREP
- υμων: PRON,gen,pl,2
Parallels
- Matthew 10:21 (verbal): Very close verbal parallel—predicts that brother will deliver brother to death and parents will betray children, matching Luke's warning of betrayal by family and death.
- Mark 13:12 (verbal): Near-verbatim parallel in Mark's Olivet discourse: brother delivers brother to death and father his child—same family-betrayal motif as Luke 21:16.
- Luke 12:51-53 (thematic): Jesus predicts division within households (father vs. son, mother vs. daughter), thematically linked to Luke 21:16's warning of family betrayal and conflict over allegiance to Jesus.
- Matthew 24:9 (thematic): Foretells believers being delivered up and killed for Jesus' name—shares the theme of persecution and death found in Luke 21:16.
- John 15:18-21 (thematic): Jesus warns that the world will hate and persecute his followers because they belonged to him—the broader theme of hostility and targeted persecution that underlies Luke's prediction of betrayal by relatives.
Alternative generated candidates
- "You will be betrayed even by parents and brothers, by relatives and friends; and some of you they will put to death.
- You will be delivered up even by parents and brothers, by relatives and friends, and some of you they will put to death.
Luke.21.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- εσεσθε: VERB,fut,act,ind,2,pl
- μισουμενοι: PART,pres,pass,nom,pl,m
- υπο: PREP
- παντων: ADJ,gen,pl,m
- δια: PREP
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- ονομα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- μου: PRON,gen,sg,1
Parallels
- Matthew 10:22 (verbal): Nearly identical saying in Matthew’s mission discourse: disciples will be hated by all because of Jesus’ name (for my name’s sake).
- Mark 13:13 (verbal): Parallel wording in Mark’s eschatological discourse: believers will be hated by all on account of Jesus’ name—same warning as in Luke’s context.
- John 15:18-21 (thematic): Jesus teaches that the world will hate his followers as it hated him; explains the reason and links hatred to identification with Christ.
- Acts 5:41 (thematic): The apostles rejoice at being counted worthy to suffer dishonor for Jesus’ name—early church experience of being persecuted for the name echoes Luke’s prediction.
Alternative generated candidates
- You will be hated by all for my name's sake.
- You will be hated by all for my name's sake.
Luke.21.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- θριξ: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- εκ: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- κεφαλης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- υμων: PRON,gen,pl,2
- ου: PART,neg
- μη: PART
- αποληται: VERB,pres,mid/pass,subj,3,sg
Parallels
- Matthew 10:29-31 (verbal): Near-verbal parallel: the saying about God’s care for sparrows and that the very hairs of your head are all numbered appears in Matthew’s instruction about not fearing, providing the same assurance that not a hair will perish.
- Luke 12:6-7 (verbal): Closely related Lucan saying: identical theme and wording in a different context—God’s intimate knowledge (hairs numbered) and the command not to fear because people are valued more than sparrows.
- Psalm 139:13-16 (thematic): Thematic parallel emphasizing God’s intimate knowledge and providential care for each person (knitting in the womb; all days ordained), resonating with the idea that God even knows/counts a person’s hairs.
- Isaiah 49:15-16 (thematic): Thematic correspondence: God’s unfailing remembrance and tender care for his people (I will not forget you; I have engraved you on the palms of my hands) parallels the assurance that not a hair of your head will perish.
Alternative generated candidates
- Not a hair of your head will perish.
- Yet not a hair of your head will perish.
Luke.21.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- εν: PREP
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- υπομονη: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- υμων: PRON,gen,pl,2
- κτησασθε: VERB,aor,mid,imper,2,pl
- τας: ART,acc,pl,f
- ψυχας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- υμων: PRON,gen,pl,2
Parallels
- Matthew 24:13 (verbal): Uses near-identical promise language: 'the one who endures to the end will be saved' — closely parallels Luke's link of ὑπομονή (endurance) to obtaining life/salvation.
- Mark 13:13 (verbal): Parallel saying to Matthew 24:13 with the same emphasis: persecution and endurance result in being saved — verbal and contextual parallel to Luke 21:19.
- Romans 2:7 (verbal): Speaks of 'seeking for glory... by patience (ὑπομονῇ) in doing good' leading to eternal life — shares the key term ὑπομονή and the connection between patient endurance and receiving life.
- James 1:12 (thematic): Promises a reward (the crown of life) to one who perseveres under trial — thematically parallels Luke's promise that endurance secures life/soul.
- Galatians 6:9 (thematic): Urges believers not to grow weary in doing good because in due season they will reap if they do not give up — thematically echoes the call to patient endurance and its salvific/eschatological fruit in Luke 21:19.
Alternative generated candidates
- By your endurance you will gain your lives.
- By your endurance you will gain your lives.
Luke.21.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Οταν: CONJ
- δε: CONJ
- ιδητε: VERB,aor,act,subj,2,pl
- κυκλουμενην: VERB,pres,pass,ptcp,acc,sg,f
- υπο: PREP
- στρατοπεδων: NOUN,gen,pl,n
- Ιερουσαλημ: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- τοτε: ADV
- γνωτε: VERB,aor,act,imp,2,pl
- οτι: CONJ
- ηγγικεν: VERB,perf,act,ind,3,sg
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- ερημωσις: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- αυτης: PRO,gen,sg,f
Parallels
- Matthew 24:15-16 (verbal): Jesus gives a similar eschatological warning — 'when you see...' (the 'abomination of desolation' / sign) and instructs immediate flight, paralleling the warning about Jerusalem's impending desolation.
- Mark 13:14 (verbal): Mark's version of Jesus' end-time discourse uses almost identical warning language about the desolating sign and the need to recognize when Jerusalem is under threat.
- Luke 19:43-44 (verbal): An earlier prophecy by Jesus in Luke that enemies will build siegeworks around Jerusalem and bring desolation — closely parallels the imagery of the city being 'surrounded by armies.'
- Daniel 11:31 (allusion): Daniel's motif of the 'abomination that causes desolation' and hostile forces profaning the sanctuary forms the Old Testament background for New Testament warnings about Jerusalem's desolation.
- Revelation 11:2 (thematic): Revelation speaks of the holy city being trampled by the nations for a period, echoing the theme of Jerusalem's devastation and exclusion from normal worship life.
Alternative generated candidates
- "But when you see Jerusalem surrounded by armies, then know that its desolation has come near.
- "And when you see Jerusalem surrounded by armies, then know that its desolation is near.
Luke.21.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- τοτε: ADV
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- εν: PREP
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- Ιουδαια: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- φευγετωσαν: VERB,pres,mid,impv,3,pl
- εις: PREP
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- ορη: NOUN,acc,pl,n
- και: CONJ
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- εν: PREP
- μεσω: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- αυτης: PRO,gen,sg,f
- εκχωρειτωσαν: VERB,pres,act,imp,3,pl
- και: CONJ
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- εν: PREP
- ταις: ART,dat,pl,f
- χωραις: NOUN,dat,pl,f
- μη: PART
- εισερχεσθωσαν: VERB,pres,mid,imp,3,pl
- εις: PREP
- αυτην: PRON,acc,sg,f
Parallels
- Matthew 24:16 (verbal): Near-identical wording in the synoptic parallel: those in Judea are told to flee to the mountains during the coming tribulation/ siege.
- Mark 13:14-15 (verbal): Close synoptic parallel that situates the flight in the warning about the 'abomination of desolation' and gives the same instruction to flee to the hills.
- Luke 17:31-32 (thematic): Within Luke another warning about sudden destruction and the need for urgent flight (recalling Lot); stresses immediacy and not turning back.
- Jeremiah 6:1 (thematic): Prophetic precedent: a call to those near Jerusalem (Benjamin) to 'flee for safety' from the city because of impending disaster—an Old Testament analogue to flight from Judea.
- Revelation 12:6,14 (thematic): The motif of fleeing into the wilderness for protection during persecution (the woman’s flight) echoes the theme of seeking remote refuge from imminent danger.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains; let those in the city depart; and let not those in the country enter it.
- Then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains; let those in the city depart, and let not those in the country enter the city.
Luke.21.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- οτι: CONJ
- ημεραι: NOUN,nom,pl,f
- εκδικησεως: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- αυται: PRON,nom,pl,f
- εισιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,pl
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- πλησθηναι: VERB,aor,pass,inf
- παντα: ADJ,nom,pl,n
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- γεγραμμενα: VERB,perf,pass,part,acc,pl,n
Parallels
- Isaiah 61:2 (allusion): Uses the phrase 'day(s) of vengeance'—Jesus' language echoes Isaiah's proclamation of 'the day of vengeance of our God,' linking the present judgment to prophetic tradition.
- Isaiah 34:8 (allusion): Speaks of 'a day of vengeance' and divine recompense for Zion's enemies; likely background for Jesus' characterization of the coming siege as days of vengeance.
- Luke 18:31 (verbal): Jesus says shortly before his passion, 'We are going up to Jerusalem, and everything that is written about the Son of Man will be accomplished'—near-verbal parallel to 'that all things which are written may be fulfilled.'
- Romans 12:19 (thematic): 'Vengeance is mine, I will repay, says the Lord'—shared theme that final retribution belongs to God, not human agents.
- 2 Thessalonians 1:6-8 (thematic): Paul depicts God's coming judgment as retributive ('repay with affliction'/'in flaming fire'), paralleling Luke's 'days of vengeance' language about punishment of opponents.
Alternative generated candidates
- For these are days of vengeance, to fulfill all that is written.
- For these are days of vengeance, to fulfill all that is written.
Luke.21.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ουαι: INTJ
- ταις: ART,dat,pl,f
- εν: PREP
- γαστρι: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- εχουσαις: VERB,pres,act,part,dat,pl,f
- και: CONJ
- ταις: ART,dat,pl,f
- θηλαζουσαις: VERB,pres,act,part,dat,pl,f
- εν: PREP
- εκειναις: DEM,dat,pl,f
- ταις: ART,dat,pl,f
- ημεραις·εσται: NOUN,dat,pl,f+VERB,fut,act,ind,3,sg
- γαρ: PART
- αναγκη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- μεγαλη: ADJ,nom,sg,f
- επι: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- γης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- οργη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- λαω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- τουτω: DEM,dat,sg,m
Parallels
- Matthew 24:19-21 (verbal): Parallel saying in Matthew's Olivet Discourse: Jesus warns 'woe to those who are pregnant and nursing' and speaks of great tribulation and wrath—very close verbal and thematic overlap.
- Mark 13:17-19 (verbal): Mark's version of the Olivet Discourse contains the same warning to pregnant and nursing women and the pronouncement of severe distress on the earth and people—direct verbal parallel.
- Luke 23:29 (thematic): Uses the same imagery of pregnancy and nursing in eschatological judgment language ('blessed are the barren...')—related theme of childbearing imagery linked to coming days of wrath.
- Isaiah 13:8 (allusion): OT prophetic imagery of nations experiencing 'pangs' and 'anguish like a woman in labor' provides a background motif for describing national catastrophes and distress similar to Luke's language.
- Revelation 12:2 (thematic): Uses childbirth/pangs imagery ('she was with child and cried out in pain') to portray cosmic tribulation—echoes the use of maternal/labor metaphors for intense eschatological suffering.
Alternative generated candidates
- Woe to those who are pregnant and to those who are nursing infants in those days! For there will be great distress upon the land and wrath against this people.
- Woe to those who are pregnant and to those who nurse infants in those days! For there will be great distress upon the land and wrath against this people.
Luke.21.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- πεσουνται: VERB,fut,mid,ind,3,pl
- στοματι: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- μαχαιρης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- αιχμαλωτισθησονται: VERB,fut,pass,ind,3,pl
- εις: PREP
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- εθνη: NOUN,acc,pl,neut
- παντα: ADJ,nom,pl,n
- και: CONJ
- Ιερουσαλημ: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- εσται: VERB,fut,mid,ind,3,sg
- πατουμενη: VERB,pres,pass,part,nom,sg,f
- υπο: PREP
- εθνων: NOUN,gen,pl,n
- αχρι: PREP
- ου: PART,neg
- πληρωθωσιν: VERB,aor,pass,subj,3,pl
- καιροι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- εθνων: NOUN,gen,pl,n
Parallels
- Matthew 24:9-14 (thematic): Same discourse material: prediction of persecution, deaths, and being hated for Jesus’ name; connects Jesus’ warning about falling, being taken captive, and the gospel witness to the nations.
- Mark 13:9-13 (thematic): Synoptic parallel to Luke’s warning about arrests, suffering, and testimony before nations and rulers—overlapping material about persecution and disciples’ fate.
- Revelation 11:2 (verbal): Explicitly echoes the image of the holy city being trampled by the nations (‘tread under foot’/‘trodden down’) and specifies a period of trampling, closely paralleling Luke’s ‘until the times of the Gentiles.’
- Romans 11:25 (allusion): Paul’s language of a partial hardening ‘until the fullness of the Gentiles’ echoes Luke’s idea that Jerusalem is under Gentile dominion ‘until the times of the Gentiles’—a shared theological motif about Gentile-era timing.
- Luke 19:43-44 (structural): Luke’s own earlier prediction of Jerusalem’s coming siege and destruction (enemies building mounds, city trampled) provides a direct Matthean/Lukan narrative parallel to 21:24’s theme of Jerusalem’s subjugation.
Alternative generated candidates
- They will fall by the edge of the sword and be led captive into all nations. And Jerusalem will be trampled underfoot by the Gentiles until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled.
- They will fall by the sword and be led captive among all nations; and Jerusalem will be trampled underfoot by the Gentiles until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled.
Luke.21.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Και: CONJ
- εσονται: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,pl
- σημεια: NOUN,acc,pl,n
- εν: PREP
- ηλιω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- σεληνη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- αστροις: NOUN,dat,pl,n
- και: CONJ
- επι: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- γης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- συνοχη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- εθνων: NOUN,gen,pl,n
- εν: PREP
- απορια: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- ηχους: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- θαλασσης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- σαλου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Matthew 24:29 (verbal): Nearly identical wording in the Olivet Discourse: signs in the sun, moon, and stars and distress among the nations with the roaring of the sea and waves.
- Mark 13:24-25 (verbal): Parallel account to Matthew/Luke using the same cosmic imagery (sun darkened, stars falling) in Jesus' end‑times teaching.
- Joel 2:30-31 (Joel 3:1–5/3:15 LXX numbering) (allusion): Old Testament prophetic imagery of wonders in the heavens and the sun turned to darkness/the moon to blood — a source for New Testament apocalyptic language.
- Revelation 6:12-14 (thematic): Apocalyptic vision using the same motifs (sun darkened, moon like blood, stars falling, heavens rolled up) to describe cosmic disturbance at judgment.
- Isaiah 13:10 (thematic): Prophetic depiction of celestial bodies losing their light (sun, moon, stars) accompanying divine judgment — similar cosmic signs language.
Alternative generated candidates
- "And there will be signs in the sun and moon and stars, and upon the earth distress of nations in perplexity at the roaring of the sea and the waves,
- And there will be signs in sun and moon and stars, and on the earth distress of nations in perplexity at the roaring of the sea and the waves,
Luke.21.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- αποψυχοντων: PART,pres,act,gen,pl,m
- ανθρωπων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- απο: PREP
- φοβου: VERB,pres,act,imp,2,sg
- και: CONJ
- προσδοκιας: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- επερχομενων: PART,pres,mid,gen,pl,neut
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- οικουμενη: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- αι: ART,nom,pl,f
- γαρ: PART
- δυναμεις: NOUN,nom,pl,f
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- ουρανων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- σαλευθησονται: VERB,fut,pass,ind,3,pl
Parallels
- Mark 13:25 (verbal): Olivet Discourse parallel using nearly identical wording — 'the powers of the heavens will be shaken' describing cosmic upheaval.
- Matthew 24:29 (verbal): Matthew's parallel to Luke's apocalyptic sayings: cosmic signs follow tribulation and 'the powers of the heavens shall be shaken.'
- Haggai 2:6 (allusion): Prophetic source language: 'I will shake heaven and earth' provides the Old Testament background for NT talk of the heavens being shaken.
- Hebrews 12:26 (quotation): New Testament citation of Haggai's shaking motif — 'Yet once more I shake not only the earth but also the heaven' — applying the shaking to divine judgment/transformation.
- Isaiah 13:13 (thematic): Apocalyptic prophecy linking cosmic shaking with terror among peoples ('therefore I will shake the heavens and the earth'), thematically parallel to human fainting from fear in Luke 21:26.
Alternative generated candidates
- men fainting with fear and foreboding at what is coming upon the world, for the powers of the heavens will be shaken.
- men fainting with fear and foreboding of what is coming upon the world; for the powers of the heavens will be shaken.
Luke.21.27 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- τοτε: ADV
- οψονται: VERB,fut,mid,ind,3,pl
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- υιον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- ανθρωπου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- ερχομενον: VERB,pres,mid,part,acc,sg,m
- εν: PREP
- νεφελη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- μετα: PREP
- δυναμεως: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- δοξης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- πολλης: ADJ,gen,sg,f
Parallels
- Mark 13:26 (verbal): Synoptic parallel with nearly identical wording: 'they will see the Son of Man coming in clouds with great power and glory.'
- Matthew 24:30 (verbal): Closely parallels Luke's phraseology: 'they will see the Son of Man coming on the clouds of heaven with power and great glory,' framing the same eschatological sign.
- Daniel 7:13 (allusion): Proto-apocalyptic source: 'one like a son of man coming with the clouds of heaven' provides the Old Testament background for the Son of Man coming in clouds imagery.
- Revelation 1:7 (verbal): Eschatological echo: 'Behold, he is coming with the clouds... and every eye will see him,' reinforcing the public, cosmic visibility motif found in Luke 21:27.
- Acts 1:11 (structural): Ascension/return link: the angels announce that Jesus 'will come in the same way' he departed (in a cloud), connecting the cloud-ascent motif to the future coming described in Luke 21:27.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then they will see the Son of Man coming in a cloud with power and great glory.
- Then they will see the Son of Man coming in a cloud with power and great glory.
Luke.21.28 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- αρχομενων: VERB,pres,mid/pass,part,gen,pl,masc
- δε: CONJ
- τουτων: PRON,gen,pl,m
- γινεσθαι: VERB,pres,mid/pass,inf
- ανακυψατε: VERB,aor,act,imp,2,pl
- και: CONJ
- επαρατε: VERB,aor,act,imp,2,pl
- τας: ART,acc,pl,f
- κεφαλας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- υμων: PRON,gen,pl,2
- διοτι: CONJ
- εγγιζει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- απολυτρωσις: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- υμων: PRON,gen,pl,2
Parallels
- Matthew 24:30-31 (structural): Synoptic parallel to Luke's Olivet Discourse: same eschatological scene of the coming of the Son of Man and the gathering of the elect (contextually parallels Luke 21:25–28).
- Mark 13:26-27 (structural): Mark's version of the Olivet teaching closely parallels Luke 21:27–28, depicting the Son of Man's coming and the sending of angels to gather the elect.
- Romans 13:11 (verbal): Uses the same verb for nearness (ἐγγίζει) of salvation—'our salvation is nearer'—echoing Luke's urgency that 'your redemption is drawing near.'
- Psalm 24:7 (LXX/Ps. 24:7) (verbal): The refrain 'Lift up your heads' (LXX language) appears in the Psalmic summons to open for the coming King of glory, paralleling Luke's call to raise heads at the approaching redemption.
- Romans 8:23 (verbal): Uses the same technical term ἀπολύτρωσις ('redemption') for the eschatological release believers await—thematically linked to Luke's 'your redemption is drawing near.'
Alternative generated candidates
- Now when these things begin to take place, stand up and lift up your heads, because your redemption is drawing near."
- When these things begin to take place, stand up and lift up your heads, because your redemption is drawing near."
Luke.21.29 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Και: CONJ
- ειπεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- παραβολην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- αυτοις·Ιδετε: PRON,dat,pl,3 + VERB,pres,act,imp,2,pl
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- συκην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- παντα: ADJ,nom,pl,n
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- δενδρα·: NOUN,acc,pl,n
Parallels
- Matthew 24:32-33 (verbal): Uses the same fig-tree parable to teach that signs (the budding of the fig tree) indicate the nearness of the kingdom/return; wording and application parallel Luke 21:29–31.
- Mark 13:28-29 (verbal): Mark's version closely matches Luke's; the fig-tree illustration is used verbally to signal how to read the signs of the times.
- Luke 13:6-9 (allusion): An earlier Lucan parable about a barren fig tree (and the vinedresser's plea for patience) uses the fig-tree image for judgment and opportunity for fruitfulness—thematically related to Luke 21's fig-tree sign.
- Matthew 21:18-22 (thematic): The episode of Jesus cursing the unfruitful fig tree links fig-tree imagery with judgment, faith, and expectation of fruit—background for Jesus' use of the fig tree as a symbolic sign.
- Jeremiah 24:5-7 (thematic): Prophetic use of figs to symbolize Israel's fate (good figs as restoration) provides Old Testament background for fig-tree imagery in Jesus' teaching about signs and Israel's destiny.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he told them a parable: "Look at the fig tree, and all the trees;"
- And he told them a parable: "Look at the fig tree, and all the trees;
Luke.21.30 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- οταν: CONJ
- προβαλωσιν: VERB,pres,act,subj,3,pl
- ηδη: ADV
- βλεποντες: PART,pres,act,nom,pl,m
- αφ᾽εαυτων: PREP+PRON,gen,pl,reflexive
- γινωσκετε: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,pl
- οτι: CONJ
- ηδη: ADV
- εγγυς: ADV
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- θερος: NOUN,nom,sg,n
- εστιν·: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- Matthew 24:32-33 (verbal): Direct synoptic parallel: the fig-tree teaching—when its branch puts forth leaves you know that summer is near; used to indicate recognizing the nearness of the coming (kingdom/tribulation).
- Mark 13:28-29 (verbal): Another synoptic parallel of the same fig-tree image and wording—seeing the buds/ leaves and knowing summer is near, teaching about reading the signs of the times.
- Luke 12:54-56 (thematic): Jesus contrasts people’s ability to interpret weather signs (clouds/wind) with their failure to interpret the present time—same theme of discerning signs and seasons.
- Matthew 16:2-3 (thematic): Jesus rebukes opponents for knowing how to read the sky’s signs yet failing to discern the signs of the times—themewise parallel about interpretation of signs.
- John 4:35 (thematic): Uses seasonal/harvest imagery (‘Do you not say, “Four months more, then the harvest”?’) to teach awareness of readiness and nearness—parallel use of agricultural seasons to signal prophetic/eschatological timing.
Alternative generated candidates
- when they put forth leaves, you see for yourselves and know that summer is near.
- when they now put forth leaves, you see for yourselves and know that summer is near.
Luke.21.31 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ουτως: ADV
- και: CONJ
- υμεις: PRON,nom,pl,2
- οταν: CONJ
- ιδητε: VERB,aor,act,subj,2,pl
- ταυτα: PRON,acc,pl,n
- γινομενα: PART,pres,mid/pass,acc,pl,n
- γινωσκετε: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,pl
- οτι: CONJ
- εγγυς: ADV
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- βασιλεια: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Matthew 24:33 (verbal): Direct synoptic parallel: the same instruction—when you see these things, know that the kingdom of God/it is near (even at the doors).
- Mark 13:29 (verbal): Another close synoptic parallel with near-verbal agreement: upon seeing the signs, recognize that the kingdom/coming is near.
- James 5:8 (thematic): Same eschatological exhortation to patient watchfulness because the coming of the Lord/kingdom is drawing near.
- Revelation 22:10 (thematic): Echoes the theme of imminence—'the time is near/at hand'—affirming the nearness of the consummation associated with God's kingdom.
Alternative generated candidates
- So also, when you see these things taking place, know that the kingdom of God is near.
- So also, when you see these things taking place, know that the kingdom of God is near.
Luke.21.32 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- αμην: PART
- λεγω: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- υμιν: PRON,dat,pl,2
- οτι: CONJ
- ου: PART,neg
- μη: PART
- παρελθη: VERB,aor,act,subj,3,sg
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- γενεα: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- αυτη: PRON,dat,sg,f
- εως: CONJ
- αν: PART
- παντα: ADJ,nom,pl,n
- γενηται: VERB,fut,mid,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- Matthew 24:34 (verbal): Direct parallel in Matthew's Olivet Discourse: identical saying that 'this generation will not pass away until all these things take place.'
- Mark 13:30 (verbal): Mark's version of the Olivet Discourse contains the same declaration that 'this generation will not pass away until all these things come to pass.'
- Luke 9:27 (verbal): Earlier Luke tradition: Jesus says some standing will not taste death until they see the kingdom of God—closely related timing claim about imminent fulfillment.
- Matthew 16:28 (thematic): Jesus' promise that some standing will not taste death until they see the Son of Man coming in his kingdom echoes the temporal assurance in Luke 21:32.
- Mark 9:1 (thematic): Parallel to Matthew 16:28 and Luke 9:27: a temporal promise that some present will witness the kingdom/coming of the Son of Man, thematically linked to 'this generation' language.
Alternative generated candidates
- Truly I tell you, this generation will not pass away until all these things take place.
- Truly I tell you, this generation will not pass away until all things are accomplished.
Luke.21.33 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- ουρανος: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- γη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- παρελευσονται: VERB,fut,mid,ind,3,pl
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- δε: CONJ
- λογοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- μου: PRON,gen,sg,1
- ου: PART,neg
- μη: PART
- παρελευσονται: VERB,fut,mid,ind,3,pl
Parallels
- Matthew 24:35 (verbal): Nearly identical wording in Matthew: 'Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will never pass away' — direct Gospel parallel to Luke's saying.
- Mark 13:31 (verbal): Parallel saying in Mark with the same contrast between passing heavens/earth and the enduring words of Jesus.
- Isaiah 40:8 (thematic): Old Testament precedent: 'The grass withers... the word of our God stands forever' — similar theme of transience of creation versus the permanence of God's word.
- 1 Peter 1:24–25 (thematic): Peter cites Isaiah's language ('the word of the Lord remains forever') to make the same point about the enduring nature of God's word, echoing Luke's claim about Jesus' words.
- Psalm 102:25–27 (allusion): Psalmic motif that heaven and earth will perish but God endures ('they will perish, but you remain') — related theological background to the contrast in Luke between created world and enduring divine speech.
Alternative generated candidates
- Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will not pass away.
- Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will not pass away.
Luke.21.34 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Προσεχετε: VERB,pres,act,imp,2,pl
- δε: CONJ
- εαυτοις: PRON,dat,pl,m
- μηποτε: PART
- βαρηθωσιν: VERB,aor,pass,subj,3,pl
- υμων: PRON,gen,pl,2
- αι: ART,nom,pl,f
- καρδιαι: NOUN,nom,pl,f
- εν: PREP
- κραιπαλη: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- μεθη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- μεριμναις: NOUN,dat,pl,f
- βιωτικαις: ADJ,dat,pl,f
- και: CONJ
- επιστη: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- εφ᾽υμας: PREP+PRON,acc,pl,m
- αιφνιδιος: ADJ,nom,sg,f
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- ημερα: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- εκεινη: PRON,dat,sg,f
Parallels
- Mark 13:33-37 (structural): Mark's eschatological warning parallels Luke's teaching: both urge watchfulness and readiness because the coming will be unexpected.
- Matthew 24:42-44 (structural): Matthew records a similar exhortation to 'watch' and be ready, since one does not know when the day (coming of the Son of Man) will arrive—parallel theme and purpose.
- 1 Thessalonians 5:6 (verbal): Paul's 'let us not sleep but keep awake and be sober' echoes Luke's warning against drunkenness and being weighed down, calling for sobriety and alertness.
- 1 Peter 4:7 (thematic): Peter links the nearness of the end with the need to be self-controlled and sober-minded—thematically aligned with Luke's concern about worldly anxieties and readiness for the coming day.
Alternative generated candidates
- "But watch yourselves, lest your hearts be overburdened with sensual indulgence, drunkenness, and the anxieties of life, and that day come upon you suddenly like a snare;"
- "But watch yourselves, lest your hearts be weighed down with dissipation and drunkenness and the anxieties of life, and that day come upon you suddenly like a snare.
Luke.21.35 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ως: ADV
- παγις·επεισελευσεται: NOUN,nom,sg,f + VERB,fut,mid,ind,3,sg
- γαρ: PART
- επι: PREP
- παντας: ADJ,acc,pl,m
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- καθημενους: VERB,pres,mid,ptc,acc,m,pl
- επι: PREP
- προσωπον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- πασης: ADJ,gen,sg,f
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- γης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
Parallels
- Matthew 24:37-39 (thematic): Both warn that the coming judgment will overtake people unexpectedly (comparison to the days of Noah); emphasizes sudden, universal catastrophe like a snare.
- Mark 13:33-37 (structural): Parallel material from the Olivet Discourse: same admonition to watch because the time of the Lord's coming is unknown—matches Luke's warning about the coming 'snare.'
- Luke 17:26-30 (thematic): Jesus likens his coming to sudden events (flood, fire) that overtook people; underscores the unexpected, sweeping character of judgment as in Luke 21:35.
- 1 Thessalonians 5:2-3 (thematic): Paul's language that the Day of the Lord comes 'like a thief in the night' parallels Luke's emphasis on sudden, unsuspected arrival affecting all on earth.
- 2 Peter 3:10 (allusion): Describes the heavens and earth being dissolved 'in a moment' and the Day of the Lord coming unexpectedly—echoes Luke's image of an unforeseen, sweeping snare on all inhabitants.
Alternative generated candidates
- for it will come upon all who dwell on the face of the whole earth.
- For it will come upon all who live on the face of the whole earth.
Luke.21.36 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- αγρυπνειτε: VERB,pres,act,imper,2,pl
- δε: CONJ
- εν: PREP
- παντι: PRON,dat,sg,m
- καιρω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- δεομενοι: VERB,pres,mp,part,nom,pl,m
- ινα: CONJ
- κατισχυσητε: VERB,aor,act,subj,2,pl
- εκφυγειν: VERB,pres,act,inf
- ταυτα: PRON,acc,pl,n
- παντα: ADJ,nom,pl,n
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- μελλοντα: VERB,pres,act,part,acc,pl,n
- γινεσθαι: VERB,pres,mp,inf
- και: CONJ
- σταθηναι: VERB,aor,pass,inf
- εμπροσθεν: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- υιου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- ανθρωπου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Mark 13:33-37 (structural): Synoptic parallel—same exhortation to be watchful and pray so one will not be caught unprepared for the Son of Man’s coming (shared Markan/Lukan tradition).
- Matthew 24:42-44 (verbal): Similar warning to 'watch' because the Son of Man comes unexpectedly—matches Luke’s call to vigilance in view of coming events.
- Matthew 25:13 (thematic): Parable-level admonition to 'stay awake' and be ready for the unknown hour of the Lord—emphasizes readiness to 'stand before' the Son of Man.
- 1 Thessalonians 5:6 (verbal): Paulic echo of the wakefulness motif ('let us not sleep but keep awake') applied to readiness for the day of the Lord, paralleling Lukan prayerful vigilance.
- Revelation 3:10 (thematic): Promise of being kept from the 'hour of trial' echoes Luke’s petition to be enabled to 'escape all these things' that will occur—shared concern for preservation at the eschatological crisis.
Alternative generated candidates
- Watch at every moment, praying that you may have strength to escape all these things that are about to happen, and to stand before the Son of Man.
- Be watchful therefore always, and pray that you may be counted worthy to escape all these things that will take place, and to stand before the Son of Man."
Luke.21.37 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Ην: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- δε: CONJ
- τας: ART,acc,pl,f
- ημερας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- εν: PREP
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- ιερω: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- διδασκων: VERB,pres,act,ptc,nom,sg,m
- τας: ART,acc,pl,f
- δε: CONJ
- νυκτας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- εξερχομενος: VERB,pres,mid,ptc,nom,sg,m
- ηυλιζετο: VERB,impf,mid,ind,3,sg
- εις: PREP
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- ορος: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- καλουμενον: PART,pres,pass,acc,sg,m
- Ελαιων·: NOUN,gen,pl,f
Parallels
- Mark 13:3 (structural): Same setting on the Mount of Olives opposite the temple; links Jesus’ teaching there with the disciples’ private questioning about future events.
- Matthew 24:3 (verbal): Explicitly places Jesus “sitting on the Mount of Olives” as the occasion for eschatological questions—parallel scene to Luke’s nightly residence on Olivet.
- Matthew 26:30 (thematic): After the evening meal Jesus and the disciples “went out to the Mount of Olives,” echoing Luke’s note that he spent nights on Olivet.
- John 8:1 (allusion): John records Jesus going to the Mount of Olives after speaking, a brief notice that echoes Luke’s pattern of leaving the temple to retire on Olivet.
- John 18:1 (thematic): John describes Jesus crossing the Kidron to a garden at night (on the Mount of Olives) before his arrest, thematically linked to Luke’s reference to Jesus’ nocturnal presence on Olivet.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he was teaching daily in the temple; and at night he went out and spent the night on the mount called the Mount of Olives.
- And by day he was teaching in the temple, and at night he went out and lodged on the Mount of Olives.
Luke.21.38 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- πας: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- λαος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ωρθριζεν: VERB,impf,mid,ind,3,sg
- προς: PREP
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- εν: PREP
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- ιερω: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- ακουειν: VERB,pres,act,inf
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- John 8:2 (verbal): Nearly identical scene: early in the morning Jesus is in the temple and all the people come to him to hear him (shared wording and setting).
- Luke 21:37 (structural): Immediate context: states that Jesus taught in the temple during the day, providing the narrative frame for 21:38's crowd coming to hear him.
- Luke 20:1 (structural): Earlier in Luke Jesus is depicted teaching in the temple and encountering crowds and opponents—same locus of his public teaching in Jerusalem.
- Mark 11:27 (thematic): Mark's account likewise situates Jesus' public teaching and confrontations in the temple precincts, echoing the theme of large public audiences and temple instruction.
- John 7:14 (thematic): John records Jesus going up to the temple and teaching during a festival, reflecting the recurrent Johannine and Lucan motif of Jesus publicly teaching in the temple and drawing crowds.
Alternative generated candidates
- And all the people came early every morning to him in the temple to hear him.
- And all the people came early in the morning to him in the temple to hear him.
And while some spoke about the temple, how it was adorned with beautiful stones and offerings, he said,
"As for the things you see—the days will come when not one stone will be left upon another; every one will be thrown down."
They asked him, "Teacher, when will these things be? And what sign will there be when these things are about to take place?"
He answered, "Beware that you are not led astray; for many will come in my name, saying, 'I am he,' and, 'The time has come.' Do not follow them.
When you hear of wars and tumults, do not be terrified; for these things must first take place, but the end will not follow immediately."
Then he said to them, "Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom;
there will be great earthquakes, and in various places famines and plagues; and there will be fearful sights and great signs from heaven. But before all these things, they will seize you and persecute you; they will hand you over to synagogues and prisons, and you will be brought before kings and governors for my name's sake.
This will be an opportunity for your testimony.
Settle it therefore in your hearts not to form beforehand a defense;
for I will give you words and wisdom that none of your adversaries will be able to resist or refute.
You will be betrayed even by parents and brothers, by relatives and friends; and some of you they will put to death.
You will be hated by all because of my name.
Yet not a hair of your head will perish.
By your endurance you will gain your lives.
"But when you see Jerusalem surrounded by armies, then know that its desolation is near.
Then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains, and let those inside the city depart, and let not those in the country enter the city;
for these are days of vengeance, to fulfill all that is written.
Woe to those who are with child and to those who nurse in those days! For there will be great distress upon the land and wrath against this people;
they will fall by the edge of the sword and be led captive among all nations; and Jerusalem will be trampled underfoot by the Gentiles until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled.
"There will be signs in sun and moon and stars, and on the earth distress among nations, bewildered by the roaring of the sea and the waves;
people fainting from fear and foreboding of what is coming upon the world; for the powers of the heavens will be shaken.
Then they will see the Son of Man coming in a cloud with power and great glory.
When these things begin to take place, stand up and lift up your heads, because your redemption is drawing near." And he told them a parable: "Look at the fig tree, and all the trees;
when they put forth leaves you see for yourselves and know that summer is near. So also, when you see these things happening, you know that the kingdom of God is near.
Truly I tell you, this generation will not pass away until all has taken place.
Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will not pass away.
"Be on guard, lest your hearts be weighed down with dissipation, drunkenness, and the anxieties of life, and that day come upon you suddenly,
for it will come like a snare upon all who dwell on the face of the whole earth.
Keep awake at all times, praying that you may have strength to escape all these things that are about to happen, and to stand before the Son of Man."
He was teaching daily in the temple, and each night he would go out and lodge on the Mount of Olives. And all the people would rise early in the morning to come to him in the temple to hear him.