Sayings on Wisdom, Folly, and the Fear of the Lord
Proverbs 14:1-35
Pro.14.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- חכמות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- נשים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- בנתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ביתה: NOUN,m,sg,suff-3,f,sg
- ואולת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בידיה: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,suff3f
- תהרסנו: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg,obj3m
Parallels
- Prov.9:1 (verbal): “Wisdom hath builded her house” — uses feminine wisdom as a builder; verbal parallel to a woman building a house.
- Prov.24:3-4 (verbal): “Through wisdom is a house built, and by understanding it is established” — same proverb motif linking wisdom/skill to building and stabilizing a household.
- Matt.7:24-27 (structural): Jesus' contrast of the wise and foolish builders whose houses stand or fall echoes the structural contrast between a wise woman who builds and a foolish one who destroys.
- Prov.31:10-12 (thematic): The portrait of the capable wife who benefits and strengthens her household (does him good, not evil) thematically parallels the wise woman building her house versus the foolish woman undermining it.
Alternative generated candidates
- A wise woman builds her house; a foolish woman with her own hands tears it down.
- A wise woman builds her house; a foolish one with her own hands tears it down.
Pro.14.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הולך: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,sg
- בישרו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
- ירא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ונלוז: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,pl
- דרכיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs,3ms
- בוזהו: VERB,qal,ptcp,3,m,sg+3,m,sg
Parallels
- Proverbs 10:9 (verbal): Both contrast walking in integrity with a perverse/wicked way—integrity brings security while crookedness leads to exposure or ruin.
- Proverbs 11:3 (verbal): Similar antithesis: the integrity/uprightness of the righteous guides them, whereas the perversity/crookedness of the treacherous leads to their downfall.
- Psalm 128:1 (thematic): Explicitly links fearing Yahweh with walking in his ways—closely mirrors the structure and theological claim of Prov 14:2 (fear of the LORD ↔ walking rightly).
- Proverbs 20:7 (thematic): Affirms that the righteous ‘walk in integrity,’ connecting right conduct and moral standing—echoes Prov 14:2’s equation of upright walking with proper relationship to God.
- Micah 6:8 (structural): Calls for ethical conduct and a humble walk with God (‘walk humbly with your God’); thematically parallels Prov 14:2’s link between proper moral behavior and one’s stance before God.
Alternative generated candidates
- One who walks in integrity fears the LORD; one who perverts his ways despises him.
- Whoever walks in integrity fears the LORD; he who perverts his ways despises him.
Pro.14.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בפי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,construct
- אויל: ADJ,m,sg
- חטר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- גאוה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ושפתי: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,suff1cs
- חכמים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- תשמורם: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg,obj:3,m,pl
Parallels
- Proverbs 15:2 (verbal): Contrasts the wise tongue that imparts knowledge with the mouth of fools that pours out folly—similar antithetical pairing of ‘lips of the wise’ versus the foolish mouth.
- Proverbs 18:7 (verbal): Identifies the fool’s mouth as leading to ruin and entrapment—parallels Prov 14:3’s emphasis on the harmful effects of a fool’s speech.
- Proverbs 21:23 (thematic): ‘Whoever keeps his mouth and tongue keeps himself out of trouble’ echoes the idea that wise speech preserves, while uncontrolled speech (of fools) brings harm.
- Ecclesiastes 10:12 (verbal): ‘The words of the wise… but the lips of a fool will swallow him up’—language and contrast closely mirror Prov 14:3’s opposition between wise lips and the fool’s mouth.
- James 3:5–6 (thematic): New Testament reflection on the tongue’s power to harm (like fire) parallels the Proverbs theme that foolish speech produces destructive consequences while wise speech preserves.
Alternative generated candidates
- In the mouth of a fool is a rod of pride, but the lips of the wise preserve them.
- A fool's mouth erupts with pride, but the lips of the wise preserve them.
Pro.14.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- באין: PREP
- אלפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אבוס: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בר: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ורב: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg
- תבואות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- בכח: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Prov.14:23 (thematic): Both verses contrast labor that produces abundance with absence of work—here the ox brings increase; there toil yields profit, while idleness brings nothing.
- Prov.20:4 (thematic): Uses agricultural imagery (plowing/harvest) to make the same point: neglecting the work of the field (and by implication the animals/tools that enable it) leads to want at harvest.
- Deut.25:4 (verbal): Explicitly treats the ox in its agricultural role (threshing) and the human responsibilities tied to animal labor—connects to the proverb’s focus on oxen as agents of increased produce.
- Job 39:9-12 (thematic): Speaks of the ox’s strength and its role in the furrow/field, emphasizing the animal’s indispensable contribution to cultivation and yield, paralleling the proverb’s link between oxen and abundance.
- Isaiah 28:24-26 (structural): A short instructional passage about plowing, sowing, and using draught animals that underlines the ordering of agricultural work and how proper use of animals produces desirable crops, thematically echoing Prov 14:4.
Alternative generated candidates
- Without oxen the manger is clean; abundant harvests come by the strength of the ox.
- Where there are no oxen the manger is clean; by the strength of an ox comes abundant harvest.
Pro.14.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- עד: PREP
- אמונים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- יכזב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ויפיח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- כזבים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- עד: PREP
- שקר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Prov.12:17 (verbal): Contrasts a truthful witness with a deceitful one; similar wording about truth versus lying witnesses.
- Prov.14:25 (verbal): Directly parallels the opposition between a truthful witness (who saves/lends life) and a false witness (who is deceitful).
- Prov.19:5 (thematic): Speaks of the fate of a false witness and the liar—connects the theme of false testimony and its consequences to the proverb's contrast.
- Deut.19:15-19 (thematic): Legal regulation and prescribed punishment for false witnesses in the law; provides the juridical background for denunciations of lying witnesses.
- Exod.20:16 (cf. Deut.5:20) (quotation): The Decalogue's command 'You shall not bear false witness' undergirds the ethical prohibition against false testimony found in Proverbs.
Alternative generated candidates
- A faithful witness will not deceive, but a false witness breathes out lies.
- A faithful witness does not lie; a false witness breathes out lies.
Pro.14.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בקש: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חכמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואין: CONJ+PART,exist
- ודעת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לנבון: PREP,ADJ,m,sg
- נקל: ADJ,m,sg
Parallels
- Prov 1:22 (verbal): Uses the same cluster of ideas—scorners/fools and their relation to knowledge (fools 'hate' or reject knowledge), echoing the contrast between the scoffer and the discerning in 14:6.
- Prov 15:14 (verbal): Speaks of the discerning heart that seeks and attains knowledge—parallels 14:6's positive claim that knowledge is easy/ready for the discerning.
- Prov 18:2 (thematic): Declares that a fool has no delight in understanding, thematically aligning with 14:6’s portrayal of scoffers/fools as lacking true access to wisdom.
- Prov 10:14 (thematic): Contrasts the wise who 'store up' knowledge with fools who lack it—reinforces 14:6’s contrast between those who successfully possess knowledge and those who do not.
Alternative generated candidates
- A scoffer seeks wisdom and finds none; to the discerning, knowledge is easy.
- A scoffer seeks wisdom and finds none; to the discerning, knowledge comes readily.
Pro.14.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
- מנגד: ADV
- לאיש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כסיל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ובל: CONJ+PART
- ידעת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- שפתי: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- דעת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Prov.13:20 (thematic): Contrasts companionship with the wise and with fools; both verses counsel avoiding association with fools because their company harms understanding.
- Prov.26:4 (thematic): Advises not to answer a fool according to his folly—parallel practical instruction to withdraw from useless or harmful engagement with a foolish person.
- Prov.9:7-8 (thematic): Warns against reproving scoffers and notes the benefit of instructing the wise—like 14:7 it distinguishes appropriate interlocutors and recommends avoiding those without receptivity to wisdom.
- Matt.7:6 (allusion): Jesus' injunction not to cast pearls before swine parallels the idea of withholding wisdom from those who will not value or understand it, implying prudent avoidance of fools.
Alternative generated candidates
- Depart from the presence of a fool; you will not find discernment on his lips.
- Depart from the presence of a fool; you will not find knowledge on his lips.
Pro.14.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- חכמת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- ערום: ADJ,m,sg
- הבין: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- דרכו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ואולת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כסילים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מרמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Prov.14:15 (verbal): Both verses contrast the prudent who weigh or ‘consider their steps/ways’ with the simple or foolish; language about a prudent person’s careful handling of his way parallels ‘understands his way.’
- Prov.13:16 (verbal): ‘All prudent persons act with knowledge’ versus the fool’s exposure of folly echoes the contrast between a prudent understanding of one’s way and the deceit/folly of fools.
- Prov.27:12 (thematic): ‘The prudent sees danger and hides himself’ emphasizes foresight and understanding of one’s path—themewise close to the wise person’s discernment of his way versus the fool’s harm.
- Matt.7:24-27 (thematic): The wise/foolish builder parable parallels the contrast between wisdom (acting with understanding about one’s way) and folly (actions leading to ruin), showing practical consequences of understanding versus foolishness.
Alternative generated candidates
- The wisdom of the prudent is to understand his way; the folly of fools is deceit.
- The wisdom of the prudent discerns his way; the folly of fools is deceit.
Pro.14.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אולים: ADV
- יליץ: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אשם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ובין: CONJ+PREP
- ישרים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- רצון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Proverbs 10:23 (verbal): Both verses depict fools treating sin or wrongdoing as a joke or sport — the language and attitude toward sin closely parallel Prov.14:9's 'fools mock sin.'
- Proverbs 12:2 (verbal): Expresses the idea that the righteous obtain favor (or good counsel/blessing), paralleling Prov.14:9's note that 'among the upright there is favor.'
- Psalm 1:1-6 (structural): Sets up a sharp contrast between the way of the wicked/fools and the blessedness of the righteous, mirroring Prov.14:9's juxtaposition of scoffing fools and the favor enjoyed by the upright.
- Psalm 14:1 (thematic): Portrays the fool's negative spiritual stance ('The fool says in his heart...'), resonating with Prov.14:9's depiction of fools' dismissive attitude toward sin.
- Proverbs 9:7-8 (allusion): Speaks of the futility and danger of addressing scoffers and mockers, connecting to the motif of scoffing fools in Prov.14:9 and their opposed relation to the upright.
Alternative generated candidates
- Fools mock at guilt; among the upright there is goodwill.
- Fools mock at guilt, but the upright find favor.
Pro.14.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יודע: VERB,qal,ptc,ms,sg
- מרת: NOUN,f,sg,const
- נפשו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ובשמחתו: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+3ms
- לא: PART_NEG
- יתערב: VERB,hitp,impf,3,m,sg
- זר: ADJ,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Prov.14:13 (verbal): Both verses contrast outward joy with inward sorrow—acknowledging that the heart may harbor grief even when one appears glad.
- Prov.18:14 (thematic): Affirms the same idea that inner suffering is a private burden: a wounded or broken spirit is difficult for anyone else to bear.
- Ps.42:11 (thematic): Like Proverbs 14:10, this psalm records an inward address to the soul about its despondency, highlighting self‑awareness of inner sorrow.
- Ps.139:1-4 (allusion): Stresses that God (not outsiders) knows a person's inner thoughts and feelings—echoing the notion that strangers cannot truly share or know the heart's joy or pain.
Alternative generated candidates
- The heart knows its own bitterness; and no stranger shares its joy.
- The heart knows its own bitterness; no stranger shares its joy.
Pro.14.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- רשעים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ישמד: VERB,niphal,yiqtol,3,m,sg
- ואהל: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,cstr
- ישרים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- יפריח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Prov.10:30 (verbal): A proverb contrasting the destinies of the righteous and the wicked—’The righteous will never be moved; the wicked will not dwell in the land’—closely parallels the sharp antithesis of destruction vs. flourishing.
- Ps.92:12-14 (thematic): Speaks of the righteous flourishing like the palm tree and continuing to bear fruit—echoes the image of the upright’s tent prospering.
- Ps.1:6 (thematic): Contrasts the fates of the righteous and the wicked—’The LORD knows the way of the righteous, but the way of the wicked will perish’—matching the motif of preservation vs. destruction.
- Ps.37:20 (thematic): Declares that the wicked will perish and vanish like smoke while the righteous inherit the land, paralleling the outcome contrast in Prov.14:11.
- Mal.4:1-2 (thematic): Portrays a coming judgment that burns up the wicked while healing and blessing come to the righteous—a prophetic extension of the proverb’s opposite destinies.
Alternative generated candidates
- The house of the wicked will be overthrown, but the tent of the upright will flourish.
- The house of the wicked will be destroyed; the tent of the upright will flourish.
Pro.14.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- יש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- דרך: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ישר: ADJ,m,sg
- לפני: PREP
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואחריתה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs+prn:3fs
- דרכי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,1,_,sg
- מות: VERB,qal,infabs
Parallels
- Prov.16:25 (verbal): Nearly identical wording: 'There is a way that seems right to a man, but its end is the way of death' — direct verbal parallel.
- Prov.21:2 (verbal): Same theme of human self‑judgment: 'Every way of a man is right in his own eyes, but the LORD weighs the hearts' — contrasts human certainty with divine evaluation.
- Prov.12:15 (thematic): Shows related proverb-level insight: 'The way of a fool is right in his own eyes' — emphasizes that personal conviction can be misguided and counsel is needed.
- Jer.10:23 (allusion): Expresses the limitation of human direction: 'A man's way is not in himself' — underscores that what seems right to a person is not the final arbiter of his path.
- Jer.17:9 (thematic): Speaks to the deceitfulness of the heart: 'The heart is deceitful above all things' — explains why a way may seem right yet lead to ruin.
Alternative generated candidates
- There is a way that seems right to a man, but its end is the way of death.
- There is a way that seems right to a man, but its end is the way of death.
Pro.14.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- גם: ADV
- בשחוק: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יכאב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואחריתה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs+prn:3fs
- שמחה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- תוגה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Ecclesiastes 7:3 (verbal): Directly contrasts laughter and sorrow (’sorrow is better than laughter’); like Prov.14:13 it treats laughter/joy as potentially misleading and connects emotional states with the heart’s condition.
- Proverbs 15:13 (verbal): Links a glad heart to a cheerful countenance and sorrow to a broken spirit; parallels Prov.14:13’s concern with inward feeling (heart) and outward joy/sorrow.
- Proverbs 17:22 (thematic): Affirms the close relation between the heart’s mood and bodily/spiritual well‑being (a merry heart is good medicine; a broken spirit dries up the bones), echoing Prov.14:13’s link of joy and pain.
- Psalm 30:5 (thematic): Speaks of the alternation between weeping and joy (‘weeping may endure… joy comes’), thematically related to Prov.14:13’s observation that laughter and joy may be followed by sorrow.
Alternative generated candidates
- Even in laughter the heart may ache, and the end of joy is sorrow.
- Even in laughter the heart may ache, and the end of joy is sorrow.
Pro.14.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מדרכיו: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs,poss3,m,sg
- ישבע: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- סוג: VERB,qal,inf
- לב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ומעליו: CONJ+PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- טוב: ADJ,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Prov.1:31 (verbal): Uses nearly identical imagery — sinners “eat the fruit of their own way” / are filled with their own devices, a close verbal parallel to being satisfied with one’s own ways.
- Prov.13:25 (thematic): Contrasts the righteous being satisfied with the fate of the wicked; echoes the proverb’s distinction between a backslider filled with his ways and a good man who is satisfied.
- Prov.2:21-22 (thematic): Sets the same twofold outcome for the upright and the wicked — preservation/satisfaction for the righteous versus destruction/cutting off for the wicked, a structural thematic parallel.
- Jer.3:22 (allusion): Echoes the motif of a ‘backslider’/turning of heart; Jeremiah addresses Israel’s backsliding and its consequences (and call to return), resonating with the ‘backslider in heart’ language.
Alternative generated candidates
- The backslider in heart will be filled with his own ways; a good man will be satisfied with good.
- A man's ways return on his own head; the good man receives reward from above.
Pro.14.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- פתי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יאמין: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לכל: PREP
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וערום: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg,abs
- יבין: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לאשרו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
Parallels
- Proverbs 22:3 (thematic): Contrasts the prudent who foresees danger and avoids it with the simple who suffer — similar contrast between discernment and gullibility in Prov 14:15.
- Proverbs 27:12 (verbal): Uses nearly identical imagery: the prudent sees danger and withdraws, while the simple proceed and are harmed — echoing the prudence vs. simplicity contrast.
- Proverbs 28:26 (verbal): States that whoever trusts his own heart is a fool but the prudent is delivered — parallels the theme of trusting without discernment versus wise understanding.
- Matthew 10:16 (thematic): Jesus' call to be 'wise as serpents' yet innocent reflects the New Testament application of biblical prudence contrasted with naïve vulnerability.
Alternative generated candidates
- The simple believes every word; the prudent considers his steps.
- The simple believe every word; the prudent discern their course.
Pro.14.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- חכם: ADJ,m,sg
- ירא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- וסר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- מרע: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכסיל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מתעבר: VERB,hitpael,impf,3,m,sg
- ובוטח: PART,qal,ptc,0,m,sg
Parallels
- Proverbs 3:7 (verbal): Both exhort fear/ humility and to 'turn away from evil' (Hebrew wording and ethical move to avoid wrongdoing).
- Proverbs 22:3 (thematic): Contrast between prudence that sees danger and avoids it and the simple/fool who suffers—same theme of cautious wisdom versus folly.
- Proverbs 14:15 (thematic): Parallels the contrast between the wise/prudent who holds back and the naive/foolish who act rashly; both verses pair discernment with restraint.
- Proverbs 14:17 (verbal): Echoes the characterization of the fool as quick‑tempered ('מתעבר'); connects foolishness with impulsive anger.
- Proverbs 28:26 (verbal): Links the fool's misplaced confidence/trusting in self ('בוטח') with folly, contrasting self‑reliant confidence and wise caution.
Alternative generated candidates
- The wise fear and turn away from evil; the fool grows hot-headed and is overconfident.
- A wise man is cautious and turns from evil; a fool is hotheaded and trusts himself.
Pro.14.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- קצר: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- אפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- יעשה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- אולת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואיש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מזמות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ישנא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Prov.14:29 (verbal): Near verbal parallel: contrasts slowness to anger with quick temper, explicitly linking quick-tempered behavior to folly.
- Prov.15:18 (thematic): Both verses condemn a hot/quick temper as a source of strife and unwise conduct—emphasizing the social and moral harm of anger.
- Prov.29:22 (thematic): Portrays the quick-tempered/angry person as one who stirs up wrongdoing, echoing the idea that anger leads to foolish or hateful actions.
- James 1:19-20 (thematic): New Testament admonition to be slow to anger because human anger does not produce righteousness, paralleling Proverbs' moral critique of quick-tempered folly.
- Prov.19:11 (thematic): Contrasts wisdom/restraint with quick temper—praises patience and overlooking offenses as the opposite of the folly associated with hasty anger.
Alternative generated candidates
- A quick-tempered person does foolish things; a man of schemes is hated.
- A quick-tempered man does foolishness, and a man of schemes is hated.
Pro.14.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- נחלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- פתאים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אולת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וערומים: CONJ+ADJ,m,pl,abs
- יכתרו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- דעת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Prov.1:7 (thematic): Both contrast fools' rejection of wisdom with the wise's possession of knowledge—'the fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge; fools despise wisdom' echoes 14:18's contrast between fools and the prudent.
- Prov.1:32 (verbal): Uses the same term for the simple/naive (פתאים) and describes their ruin; parallels 14:18's statement that the simple 'inherit folly.'
- Prov.3:35 (structural): Similar oppositional structure—'The wise inherit honor/ glory, but fools get shame'—mirrors 14:18's pairing of an inheritance for fools and a crown of knowledge for the prudent.
- Prov.14:33 (thematic): Within the same chapter this verse contrasts wisdom/understanding with fools, complementing 14:18's emphasis that the prudent are crowned with knowledge while fools are associated with folly.
- Prov.10:14 (verbal): Draws a contrast between wise persons who 'lay up knowledge' and fools whose speech/actions bring ruin—paralleling 14:18's reward of knowledge for the prudent versus folly for the simple.
Alternative generated candidates
- Fools inherit folly, but the prudent are crowned with knowledge.
- Folly is the heritage of the simple, but the prudent are crowned with knowledge.
Pro.14.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- שחו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- רעים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לפני: PREP
- טובים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- ורשעים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- על: PREP
- שערי: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- צדיק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Psalm 1:5 (verbal): Both verses contrast the standing of the wicked before the righteous: Psalm 1:5 says the wicked will not stand in the judgment or congregation of the righteous, echoing Prov.14:19’s image of the wicked bowed/placed before the good.
- Ruth 4:1-11 (structural): The city gate functions as the public place of legal decisions and transactions (redeemer/kinsman-redeemer scene); Prov.14:19’s mention of the wicked at the gate of the righteous alludes to this social-judicial setting.
- Deuteronomy 16:18 (thematic): Commands to appoint judges and officials at the gates underline the gate as locus of justice and authority—the background for Proverbs’ image of the righteous’ gate and those who appear there.
- Proverbs 29:2 (thematic): Both proverbs treat the social consequences of righteous versus wicked rule: Prov.29:2 speaks of communal outcomes when the righteous or wicked prevail, paralleling Prov.14:19’s concern with the public posture and fate of the wicked before the good.
Alternative generated candidates
- The wicked fall before the good, and sinners at the gates of the righteous.
- Evil men bow down before the good, and the wicked at the gate of the upright.
Pro.14.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- גם: ADV
- לרעהו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,poss3ms
- ישנא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- רש: VERB,qal,inf
- ואהבי: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cs
- עשיר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- רבים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Prov.19:4 (verbal): Expresses the same observation that wealth attracts many friends while poverty drives people away—close verbal and thematic parallel to Prov.14:20.
- Prov.19:7 (verbal): States that the poor are hated even by their relatives and that friends abandon them—reiterates the social isolation of the poor found in Prov.14:20.
- Prov.29:7 (thematic): Contrasts the righteous' concern for the poor with the wicked's disregard, addressing the social mistreatment and neglect of the poor that Prov.14:20 describes.
- James 2:6 (thematic): New Testament critique of favoritism toward the rich and contempt for the poor; thematically parallels the social bias and unequal treatment reflected in Prov.14:20.
Alternative generated candidates
- The poor is hated even by his neighbor; many are the friends of the rich.
- A poor man has many enemies, but many are the friends of the rich.
Pro.14.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בז: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לרעהו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,poss3ms
- חוטא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ומחונן: CONJ+VERB,piel,ptc,3,m,sg
- ענוים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- אשריו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3ms
Parallels
- Prov.14:31 (verbal): Contrasts contempt for the poor/needy with showing kindness; both verses link attitude toward others with righteousness or blessing.
- Prov.19:17 (verbal): Explicitly ties mercy to the poor with divine approval/reward—echoes Prov 14:21’s blessing for showing grace to the needy.
- Isaiah 58:6-7 (thematic): Defines true righteousness as acts of mercy to the hungry and needy—paralleling Prov 14:21’s valuation of compassion toward the poor.
- Matt.25:35-40 (allusion): Jesus teaches that caring for the hungry, thirsty, and needy is treated as service to God, linking mercy to others with blessing or judgment similar to Prov 14:21.
Alternative generated candidates
- Whoever despises his neighbor sins; blessed is he who is generous to the poor.
- Whoever despises his neighbor sins; blessed is he who shows kindness to the poor.
Pro.14.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ה: PART
- לוא: NEG
- יתעו: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,pl
- חרשי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- רע: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- וחסד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואמת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- חרשי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- טוב: ADJ,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Proverbs 3:3 (verbal): Uses the same key virtues (chesed and emet — 'kindness/mercy and truth/faithfulness') and exhorts the wise to keep them, echoing Prov 14:22’s positive valuation of mercy and truth for those who plan good.
- Psalm 85:10 (verbal): Presents steadfast love (chesed) and faithfulness (emet) together as a blessed meeting; parallels Prov 14:22’s pairing of mercy and truth as the outcome for those who devise good.
- Proverbs 11:18 (thematic): Contrasts the fate of the wicked who gain by evil with the reward of those who do righteousness — thematically similar to Prov 14:22’s contrast between those who devise evil and the mercy/truth given to those who devise good.
- Proverbs 12:2 (structural): Displays a parallel antithetical structure: the man of wicked intent is opposed/condemned, while the good man receives favor — closely matching Prov 14:22’s contrast between the erring devisers of evil and the mercy/truth for devisers of good.
Alternative generated candidates
- Those who devise evil go astray, but mercy and truth belong to those who devise good.
- Do not those who devise evil go astray? Mercy and truth belong to those who devise good.
Pro.14.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עצב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- מותר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ודבר: VERB,qal,fut,3,m,sg
- שפתים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אך: PART
- למחסור: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Prov.12:11 (thematic): Contrasts productive labor with worthless pursuits; those who work the land (action) enjoy provision, while chasing empty things leads to lack.
- Prov.10:4 (thematic): Connects diligence with provision and laziness or inactivity with poverty—emphasis on deeds producing benefit rather than mere words.
- Prov.21:5 (verbal): Speaks of the plans/efforts of the diligent leading to abundance, echoing the language that toil yields profit while mere haste or failure to act brings want.
- Eccles.9:10 (structural): Urges wholehearted action—'whatever your hand finds to do, do with all your might'—underscoring the value of work rather than idle talk.
- James 2:17 (thematic): Argues that faith without works is dead; parallels Proverbs' contrast between effective action (which produces results) and words alone (which lead to lack).
Alternative generated candidates
- In all labor there is profit, but mere talk brings poverty.
- In all labor there is profit, but mere talk leads only to want.
Pro.14.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- עטרת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- חכמים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- עשרם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3mp
- אולת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כסילים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אולת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Prov.4:9 (thematic): Wisdom personified bestows a crown/garland — parallels the image of a crown or honor as the reward or ornament of wisdom.
- Prov.16:31 (thematic): “Gray hair is a crown of glory” — uses crown imagery to denote honor gained by righteousness/wisdom, echoing crown-as-honor motif.
- Prov.14:18 (verbal): Within the same chapter: contrasts the simple/foolish with the prudent who are 'crowned with knowledge,' directly paralleling the crown/folly contrast.
- Prov.3:35 (thematic): “The wise will inherit honor, but fools get shame” — parallels the contrast between the honor of the wise (crown/wealth) and the negative outcome for fools.
Alternative generated candidates
- The riches of the wise are their crown, but the folly of fools is folly.
- The wealth of the wise is their crown; the folly of fools brings them shame.
Pro.14.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מציל: VERB,qal,part,3,m,sg
- נפשות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- עד: PREP
- אמת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויפח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- כזבים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מרמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Proverbs 12:17 (verbal): Same contrast between truthful speech and false witness; both verses use parallel wording to commend truth and condemn deceptive testimony.
- Proverbs 19:5 (verbal): Echoes the theme of the danger and consequences of false testimony—contrasting truthful testimony's positive effect with the harm of lies.
- Deuteronomy 19:16-19 (structural): Legal provision prescribing punishment for a false witness; provides the judicial background against which biblical warnings about deceitful testimony are set.
- James 5:19-20 (thematic): Speaks of restoring a sinner and saving a soul from death—resonant with Proverbs' idea that true testimony (or right action) can deliver or preserve souls.
Alternative generated candidates
- A truthful witness saves lives, but one who breathes lies is deceitful.
- A faithful witness rescues lives; the one who breathes lies is deceitful.
Pro.14.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ביראת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cstr
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מבטח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עז: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולבניו: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,constr,3ms
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- מחסה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Prov.19:23 (thematic): Both connect 'the fear of the LORD' with life, security, and wellbeing—fear of God yields protection and blessing.
- Prov.3:26 (verbal): Speaks of the LORD as the believer's confidence who keeps one from harm—parallels 'trust is a stronghold' and divine protection.
- Prov.18:10 (thematic): Uses fortress/tower imagery—'the name of the LORD is a strong tower; the righteous run to it and are safe'—parallels God as refuge/stronghold.
- Ps.91:1-2 (thematic): Describes dwelling in the shelter of the Most High and calling God 'my refuge and my fortress,' closely paralleling trust/fear of the LORD as protection.
- Ps.34:7-9 (thematic): Links fearing the LORD with God's protective care ('the angel of the LORD encamps around those who fear him') and provision, echoing fear → refuge.
Alternative generated candidates
- In the fear of the LORD is strong confidence, and his children will find refuge.
- In the fear of the LORD is secure confidence; his children will have a refuge.
Pro.14.27 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- יראת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מקור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חיים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- לסור: VERB,qal,inf
- ממקשי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,construct
- מות: VERB,qal,infabs
Parallels
- Prov.10:11 (verbal): Uses the image of a 'fountain of life' (the mouth of the righteous is a fountain of life), paralleling Prov.14:27's life-source imagery.
- Prov.10:27 (verbal): Explicitly links 'the fear of the LORD' with longevity/prolonged life, closely echoing Prov.14:27's life-giving consequence of fearing Yahweh.
- Prov.19:23 (verbal): Declares that 'the fear of the LORD leads to life' and preserves from harm—almost the same claim as Prov.14:27 about turning one away from the snares of death.
- Prov.3:7-8 (thematic): Advises fearing the LORD and turning from evil, resulting in healing/refreshment—thematically parallel to fear of the LORD as the source of life and protection from death.
- Ps.34:7 (thematic): Speaks of the LORD's angel encamping around and delivering those who fear him, echoing the deliverance-from-death aspect of Prov.14:27.
Alternative generated candidates
- The fear of the LORD is a fountain of life, to turn one away from the snares of death.
- The fear of the LORD is a fountain of life, turning one away from the snares of death.
Pro.14.28 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ברב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עם: PREP
- הדרת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ובאפס: CONJ
- לאם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מחתת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- רזון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Prov.11:10 (thematic): Both proverbs link the well‑being of a city/people to the honour or success of its rulers—when the righteous prosper the city rejoices, paralleling 'many people' as glory for a king.
- Prov.29:2 (thematic): Connects the condition of the populace to the condition of leadership: increase of the righteous brings joy, while bad rule brings ruin—echoing the contrast between multitude (honour) and lack (downfall).
- Eccl.4:9-12 (thematic): Affirms the practical advantage and strength of numbers—companionship and multiplicity confer advantage and security, resonating with the idea that many people bring honour to a ruler.
- Deut.32:30 (verbal): Uses imagery of numerical advantage ('one shall chase a thousand') to show how numbers confer strength and success—paralleling the proverb's emphasis on multitude as glory and fewness as ruin.
Alternative generated candidates
- A king's splendor is in the multitude of his people; when the people dwindle, a prince is diminished.
- In the abundance of people a king's glory is revealed; where people are few, a ruler falls.
Pro.14.29 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ארך: ADJ,m,sg
- אפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- רב: ADJ,m,sg
- תבונה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וקצר: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg,abs
- רוח: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מרים: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- אולת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Proverbs 15:18 (verbal): Contrasts a hot-tempered man who stirs up strife with one slow to anger who calms contention—close verbal and thematic parallel to the praise of patience and the rebuke of quick temper.
- Proverbs 16:32 (verbal): Explicitly commends being slow to anger as superior to physical might and self-control over conquest, echoing the valuation of patience and wisdom in Prov 14:29.
- Proverbs 29:11 (thematic): States that a fool vents all his feelings while a wise person restrains them; thematically parallels the link between quick temper and folly versus restraint and wisdom.
- James 1:19-20 (verbal): Advises believers to be quick to hear, slow to speak, and slow to anger, noting human anger does not produce God's righteousness—an explicit New Testament echo of the virtue of patience.
- Ephesians 4:31-32 (thematic): Urges putting away anger and bitter behavior and instead practicing kindness and forgiveness, thematically resonating with Proverbs’ contrast between patient wisdom and folly of wrath.
Alternative generated candidates
- The one slow to anger has great understanding; a quick-tempered one exalts folly.
- A patient man has great understanding, but a quick-tempered one displays folly.
Pro.14.30 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- חיי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- בשרים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מרפא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ורקב: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עצמות: NOUN,f,pl,cons
- קנאה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Proverbs 17:22 (verbal): Closely parallels the language and thought: a joyful/healthy heart benefits the body, while a broken/spiteful spirit dries or harms the bones.
- Proverbs 15:13 (thematic): Contrasts a cheerful heart that shows outward health with sorrow of heart that breaks the spirit—similar heart/body interplay.
- Proverbs 18:14 (thematic): Emphasizes that a person's spirit sustains or undermines bodily strength, echoing the connection between inner state and physical well‑being.
- James 3:14-16 (thematic): Describes bitter envy and selfish ambition as producing disorder and every evil work—parallels the destructive, corrosive effect of envy depicted as 'rottenness'.
- Psalm 73:21-22 (thematic): The psalmist confesses that envy/grief brought inner anguish and a kind of moral/spiritual collapse, illustrating personal harm caused by envy.
Alternative generated candidates
- A tranquil heart is life to the body, but envy is the rottenness of the bones.
- A tranquil heart gives life to the body, but envy is rottenness to the bones.
Pro.14.31 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- עשק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דל: ADJ,m,sg
- חרף: VERB,qal,perf,2,ms
- עשהו: VERB,qal,ptc,ms,sg+3,m,sg
- ומכבדו: CONJ+VERB,pi,ptc,3,m,sg
- חנן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אביון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Proverbs 17:5 (verbal): Both verses link mistreatment or mocking of the poor with insulting the Maker/God, using similar language to condemn abuse of the needy.
- Proverbs 19:17 (thematic): Connects kindness to the poor with a direct relationship to the LORD (lending to the Lord), echoing the idea that compassion honors God.
- Proverbs 14:21 (structural): Parallels the antithetical structure: condemning contempt for others while pronouncing blessing on those who show kindness to the needy.
- Isaiah 58:6–7 (thematic): Prophetic call to true piety expressed by feeding the hungry and helping the oppressed, implying that care for the poor is an act pleasing to God.
- Proverbs 29:7 (thematic): Affirms that the righteous are concerned with justice for the poor, contrasting the righteous' care for the needy with the wicked's indifference.
Alternative generated candidates
- He who oppresses the poor insults his Maker, but he who shows mercy to the needy honors him.
- Whoever oppresses the poor insults his Maker; whoever is gracious to the needy honors him.
Pro.14.32 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ברעתו: PREP
- ידחה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- רשע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וחסה: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- במותו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+SUF,3,m,sg
- צדיק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Prov.11:7 (verbal): Closely parallels the contrast: the hope/expectation of the wicked perishes in death/adversity, while the upright are delivered from trouble—similar proverbial antithesis.
- Prov.10:28 (thematic): Expresses the same theme: the righteous have enduring hope/joy, whereas the wicked’s expectations come to nothing—echoes the moral contrast of 14:32.
- Psalm 16:10 (verbal): Speaks of God not abandoning the righteous to Sheol (or corruption), providing a confident hope beyond death that corresponds to the idea of refuge for the righteous even in death.
- Psalm 49:15 (thematic): Declares that God will redeem the psalmist from the power of Sheol, affirming a posthumous hope/rescue for the righteous akin to Proverbs’ claim of refuge in death.
- Isaiah 57:1–2 (allusion): Portrays the righteous as being taken away from evil and given peace in death while the wicked suffer, paralleling Proverbs’ notion that calamity rejects the wicked but the righteous find shelter in death.
Alternative generated candidates
- A wicked person is thrust away in his wickedness, but the righteous has refuge in his death.
- The wicked are driven away in their disaster, but the righteous find refuge even in death.
Pro.14.33 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בלב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נבון: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- תנוח: VERB,qal,imprf,3,f,sg
- חכמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ובקרב: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כסילים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- תודע: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Proverbs 2:10 (thematic): Both verses depict wisdom as taking up residence in the heart/mind of the person who is prudent or listens, emphasizing inner possession of wisdom rather than outward display.
- Proverbs 8:12 (allusion): Personified Wisdom says she 'dwells with prudence,' echoing the idea that wisdom abides in the heart of the prudent (parallel conception of wisdom's residence).
- Proverbs 16:23 (verbal): Uses the close phrase 'the heart of the wise' and links inner disposition (heart) with instruction/speech, paralleling Prov 14:33's focus on wisdom in the heart of the prudent.
- Proverbs 17:27-28 (thematic): Contrasts wise restraint and silence with foolishness being exposed; relates to Prov 14:33's contrast between wisdom resting in the prudent and folly being revealed among fools.
- James 3:13 (thematic): Asks who is wise and understanding and says true wisdom is shown by good conduct and meekness—connecting inner wisdom/understanding with outward moral behavior, similar to Prov 14:33's link of inner wisdom to the prudent.
Alternative generated candidates
- Wisdom rests in the heart of the discerning, but among fools it is made known.
- Wisdom rests in the heart of the discerning; in the midst of fools she is made known.
Pro.14.34 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- צדקה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- תרומם: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- גוי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וחסד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לאמים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- חטאת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Prov.11:11 (verbal): Same structural idea: a community is exalted by the upright/righteous and undone by the wicked — justice/righteousness as the basis for a polity's prosperity.
- Prov.29:2 (thematic): Contrasts national well‑being under the righteous with suffering under the wicked — like Prov.14:34 linking the moral character of leaders/people to a nation's fate.
- Ps.33:12 (thematic): Speaks of a nation's blessedness when it is related rightly to God, echoing the thought that moral/faithful conduct brings national exaltation.
- Deut.28:1–2,15 (thematic): Deuteronomy's covenantal formula: obedience (righteousness/faithfulness) brings blessings and exaltation for the nation, while disobedience brings curses — a covenantal parallel to Prov.14:34.
Alternative generated candidates
- Righteousness exalts a nation, but sin is a reproach to any people.
- Righteousness exalts a nation, but sin is a disgrace to any people.
Pro.14.35 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- רצון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- לעבד: VERB,qal,inf
- משכיל: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,sg
- ועברתו: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- תהיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,f,sg
- מביש: VERB,hiph,ptc,ms,sg
Parallels
- Prov.22:11 (verbal): Speaks of the king's favor toward one with a pure/wise heart (the king befriending the upright), echoing the idea that rulers reward wisdom and purity.
- Prov.16:13 (verbal): Righteous/well‑spoken lips delight kings and win their love—paralleling the proverb's link between wise conduct/speech and royal favor.
- Gen.41:39-40 (allusion): Pharaoh elevates Joseph because of his wisdom and discernment (“there is none so discreet and wise as thou”), a narrative example of a ruler rewarding a wise servant.
- Dan.6:3 (thematic): Daniel is preferred above officials because of an excellent/spirit and wisdom, showing the same theme of a ruler favoring a capable, wise servant.
- Prov.29:26 (thematic): Notes people seek a ruler's favor—related thematically to the proverb's focus on gaining (or losing) a king's goodwill through one's conduct.
Alternative generated candidates
- The king's favor rests on a wise servant, but his indignation will come upon the one who brings shame.
- The king's favor rests on a discerning servant; his displeasure will bring shame on the presumptuous.
A wise woman builds her house; a foolish one tears it down with her own hands.
He who walks in integrity fears the LORD; he who is perverse in his ways despises him.
A fool's mouth is a rod of pride, but the lips of the wise preserve them.
Where there are no oxen the manger is clean, but by the strength of the ox comes abundant harvest.
A faithful witness will not lie; a false witness breathes out lies.
A scoffer seeks wisdom and finds none; knowledge is easy for the discerning.
Go from the presence of a fool; you will not find discretion on his lips.
The wisdom of the prudent is to understand his way, but the folly of fools is deceit.
Fools mock at guilt; among the upright there is favor.
The heart knows its own bitterness, and no stranger shares its joy.
The house of the wicked will be destroyed, but the tent of the righteous will flourish.
There is a way that seems right to a man, but its end is the way of death.
Even in laughter the heart may ache, and the end of joy may be grief.
A wayward heart will be satisfied by its own ways; a good man will be satisfied with good.
The simple believes everything; the shrewd discerns his steps.
The wise are cautious and turn from evil; the fool grows angry and is reckless.
A quick-tempered person acts foolishly, and one with crafty schemes is hated.
Fools inherit folly, but the prudent are crowned with knowledge.
Evil people bow before the good, and the wicked stand at the gates of the righteous.
Even a neighbor may hate the poor; the rich have many friends.
Whoever despises his neighbor sins; blessed is he who is gracious to the poor.
Do those who plot evil not go astray? Kindness and truth are for those who devise good.
In all toil there is profit, but mere talk leads only to want.
The wealth of the wise is their crown; the folly of fools is folly.
A faithful witness saves lives; a false witness breathes out lies.
In the fear of the LORD is strong confidence; his children will have refuge.
The fear of the LORD is a fountain of life, turning one away from the snares of death.
In the abundance of people is the glory of a king; without people the prince is brought low.
He who is slow to anger has great understanding; he who is quick-tempered displays folly.
A calm heart is life for the body, but jealousy is rot to the bones.
One who oppresses the poor insults his Maker; one who is kind to the needy honors him.
The wicked is driven away in his wickedness, but the righteous has refuge in his death.
Wisdom rests in the heart of the discerning, but is made known among the foolish.
Righteousness exalts a nation; sin is a reproach to any people.
The king's favor is for a wise servant, but his wrath will come on one who acts shamefully.