Saul's Family and Mighty Men
1 Samuel 14:49-52
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1 S.14.49 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהיו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- שאול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יונתן: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- וישוי: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ומלכי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שוע: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- ושם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שתי: NUM,card,f,du
- בנתיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs+3ms
- שם: ADV
- הבכירה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- מרב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הקטנה: ADJ,f,sg,def
- מיכל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 8:33 (verbal): Repeats the exact genealogy: names Jonathan, Ishvi (Jishui/Malki‑shua variants) and the daughters Merab and Michal.
- 1 Chronicles 9:39 (verbal): Another parallel genealogical listing that restates Saul’s sons Jonathan, Malki‑shua (Malchi‑shuah) and daughters Merab and Michal.
- 1 Samuel 31:2 (verbal): Records the deaths of Saul’s sons—explicitly naming Jonathan and Malki‑shuah—linking to the same sons listed in 1 Samuel 14:49.
- 1 Samuel 18:20–27 (thematic): Discusses Saul’s daughters Merab and Michal and their marriage arrangements (Merab to Adriel; Michal given to David), connecting to the daughters named in 14:49.
- 2 Samuel 1:25–27 (thematic): David’s lament for Jonathan (Saul’s son) emphasizes Jonathan’s identity and fate, thematically tied to the listing of Saul’s sons in 14:49.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the sons of Saul were Jonathan, Ishvi, and Malchishua; and the names of his two daughters were Merab the elder and Michal the younger.
- And the sons of Saul were Jonathan, Ishvi, and Malchi‑shua; and the names of his two daughters were— the name of the firstborn Merab, and the name of the younger Michal.
1 S.14.50 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ושם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשת: NOUN,f,sg,cns
- שאול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחינעם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- אחימעץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- צבאו: NOUN,m,sg,suff-3m
- אבינר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שאול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Samuel 14:49 (structural): Adjacent verse in the same genealogical/household summary listing Saul's children and household—part of the same family-register section.
- 2 Samuel 2:8 (verbal): Refers to 'Abner the son of Ner, captain of Saul's host'—the same designation for Abner as commander of Saul's army.
- 2 Samuel 3:6-8 (thematic): Narrative development of Abner's role after Saul's death (his support of Ish-bosheth, political/military leadership), connected to his identification here as Saul's military commander.
- 2 Samuel 3:7 (verbal): Mentions an Ahinoam (the Jezreelitess) as one of David's wives—a name match with Saul's wife here; parallels highlight the shared personal name (different individuals) within the narrative.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the name of Saul's wife was Ahinoam daughter of Ahimaaz; and the commander of his army was Abner son of Ner.
- And the name of Saul’s wife was Ahinoam daughter of Ahimaaz; and the name of his army commander was Abner son of Ner.
1 S.14.51 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וקיש: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אבי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- שאול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ונר: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- אבי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- אבנר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אביאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Samuel 9:1 (verbal): Names Kish in a genealogy (Kish son of Abiel), creating a verbal/genealogical overlap with 14:51 where Kish and the name Abiel also occur (different ascriptions).
- 1 Chronicles 8:33 (structural): Chronicles gives a differing genealogy (Ner begat Kish; Kish begat Saul), a variant tradition to the relationships implied in 1 Samuel 14:51.
- 1 Chronicles 9:39 (structural): A parallel genealogical summary that repeats the Chronicles’ ordering (linking Ner, Kish, and Saul) and thus parallels the family-notice function of 1 Samuel 14:51 while preserving a different pedigree.
- 2 Samuel 2:8 (verbal): Refers to “Abner son of Ner, commander of Saul’s army,” confirming the identification of Abner as the son of Ner mentioned in 1 Samuel 14:51.
Alternative generated candidates
- Kish was Saul's father; Ner, the father of Abner, was son of Abiel.
- Kish was Saul’s father; and Ner, Abner’s father, was the son of Abiel.
1 S.14.52 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ותהי: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- המלחמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- חזקה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- פלשתים: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- כל: DET
- ימי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- שאול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וראה: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- שאול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כל: DET
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- גבור: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חיל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויאספהו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 1 Samuel 13:19-22 (thematic): Describes Philistine dominance and the military context in Saul’s reign (lack of blacksmiths/weapons), providing background for the ongoing war with the Philistines mentioned in 14:52.
- 1 Samuel 17:52-53 (structural): Records a major encounter with the Philistines in Saul’s time when Israel pursues and defeats them; parallels the continual conflict with Philistines and the mobilization of Israelite forces.
- 1 Samuel 22:2 (thematic): Describes men gathering to David — "everyone who was in distress..." — paralleling the social/military phenomenon of a leader assembling fighters, similar to Saul’s taking of any valiant man to himself.
- 1 Chronicles 12:1-8 (verbal): Lists men of valor who joined David (using the phrase "mighty men/valiant men"), echoing the language and idea of recruiting skilled warriors found in 1 Samuel 14:52.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the war against the Philistines was fierce all the days of Saul. Saul saw every valiant man and every man of might, and he gathered them to himself.
- And the war against the Philistines was fierce all the days of Saul; and Saul saw every man of valor and every warrior, and he gathered them to himself.
And the sons of Saul were Jonathan, Ishvi, and Malchishua; and the names of his two daughters were— the name of the elder, Merab, and the name of the younger, Michal. And the name of Saul's wife was Ahinoam daughter of Ahimaaz; and the name of the commander of his army was Abner son of Ner.
Kish was Saul's father, and Ner the father of Abner was the son of Abiel. And the war pressed hard against the Philistines all the days of Saul; Saul observed every man who was brave and every valiant one, and he gathered them to himself.