Discipline, Wealth, and the Wise Child
Proverbs 13:1-25
Pro.13.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חכם: ADJ,m,sg
- מוסר: NOUN,m,sg,const
- אב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- שמע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- גערה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Prov.1:8 (verbal): Directly echoes the parent–child instruction theme: 'Hear, my son, your father's instruction'—paralleling the wise son who accepts a father's discipline.
- Prov.15:5 (verbal): Contrasts the responses to parental instruction: 'A fool despises his father's instruction, but whoever heeds correction is prudent,' mirroring wise acceptance versus scoffing.
- Prov.12:1 (thematic): Emphasizes the link between loving discipline and wisdom—'Whoever loves instruction loves knowledge; he who hates reproof is stupid'—similar to the wise son who heeds correction.
- Prov.19:25 (thematic): Shows effectiveness of correction when received: 'Strike a scoffer, and the simple will become wise; reprove one who has understanding, and he will gain knowledge,' aligning with the contrast between receptive and unresponsive children.
- Prov.29:1 (thematic): Highlights the danger of refusing rebuke: 'He who is often rebuked, and stiffens his neck, will suddenly be broken beyond recovery,' paralleling the mocker who does not heed reproof.
Alternative generated candidates
- A wise son accepts his father's discipline; a scoffer pays no heed to rebuke.
- A wise son accepts his father's discipline, but a scoffer does not heed rebuke.
Pro.13.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מפרי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,constr
- פי: NOUN,m,sg,construct
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יאכל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- טוב: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- ונפש: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בגדים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- חמס: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Proverbs 18:20-21 (verbal): Uses the same wording 'fruit of the mouth' and links the results of speech to either good (satisfaction) or death—directly parallels the cause–effect of words in Prov 13:2.
- Proverbs 10:11 (verbal): Contrasts the mouth of the righteous as a fountain of life with the mouth of the wicked concealing violence—echoes the life/benefit vs. violence contrast in Prov 13:2.
- Proverbs 12:14 (verbal): Speaks of being filled with good from the fruit of one's lips, paralleling the first clause of Prov 13:2 about eating good from speech.
- Proverbs 15:4 (thematic): Describes a gentle tongue as a tree of life but perverseness as destructive—themewise parallel to speech producing life/good versus harm/violence.
- Matthew 12:36-37 (thematic): Jesus teaches that people will be judged by their words ('by your words you will be justified, and by your words you will be condemned'), reflecting the principle that speech brings consequential reward or punishment found in Prov 13:2.
Alternative generated candidates
- From the fruit of the mouth a person eats good, but the soul of the treacherous craves violence.
- From the fruit of a man's mouth he eats good, but the soul of the treacherous is filled with violence.
Pro.13.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- נצר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פיו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- שמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- נפשו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- פשק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שפתיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- מחתה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Prov.21:23 (verbal): Uses nearly identical wording and idea: guarding mouth/tongue preserves one from calamity (close proverb echo).
- Ps.34:13 (verbal): Commands restraint of the tongue and lips (keep tongue from evil), linking guarded speech with moral preservation.
- Ps.39:1 (verbal): Speaker vows to guard his mouth and muzzle his tongue to avoid sin, echoing the language and motive of self-preservation through silence.
- James 1:26 (thematic): Argues that uncontrolled speech undermines true religion — controlling the tongue is evidence of spiritual health, paralleling the proverb's link between speech and life/well‑being.
- Prov.17:27-28 (thematic): Associate restraint of words with wisdom and understanding (even silence makes a fool appear wise), reinforcing the theme that guarded speech is prudent and life‑preserving.
Alternative generated candidates
- He who guards his mouth preserves his life; he who gives free rein to his lips brings ruin upon himself.
- He who guards his mouth preserves his life; he who opens wide his lips brings ruin upon himself.
Pro.13.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מתאוה: VERB,hitpael,ptcp,3,f,sg
- ואין: CONJ+PART,exist
- נפשו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- עצל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ונפש: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- חרצים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- תדשן: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Proverbs 10:4 (verbal): Contrasts lazy hands that bring poverty with diligent hands that bring wealth—closely parallels the wording and proverb theme of desire without attainment versus reward for industry.
- Proverbs 6:6-11 (thematic): The admonition to learn from the ant and the warning that sloth leads to want echoes the call to diligence and the consequences of laziness reflected in Prov 13:4.
- Proverbs 21:25 (verbal): “The desire of the sluggard kills him, for his hands refuse to work” repeats the idea of longing without fruit because of refusal to labor, a near verbal parallel.
- 2 Thessalonians 3:10 (thematic): Paul’s rule—'if anyone will not work, neither shall he eat'—applies the same principle that provision follows responsible labor, corresponding to Prov 13:4’s link of diligence with sustenance.
Alternative generated candidates
- A sluggard covets and has nothing; the soul of the diligent is richly supplied.
- The sluggard craves and gets nothing; the soul of the diligent is richly satisfied.
Pro.13.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שקר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישנא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- צדיק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ורשע: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יבאיש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ויחפיר: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Proverbs 12:22 (verbal): Explicit contrast between truth and falsehood: lying lips are an abomination, while those who deal truthfully are favored—parallels the righteous' hatred of falsehood vs. the wicked's disgrace.
- Proverbs 14:5 (verbal): Direct contrast between a faithful (righteous) witness who does not lie and a false (wicked) witness who utters lies, echoing the moral polarity of Prov 13:5.
- Proverbs 6:16-19 (thematic): Lying tongue and false witness are listed among the things the LORD hates; connects lying with wickedness and its culpability, as in Prov 13:5.
- Psalm 101:7 (thematic): The psalmist rejects those who practice deceit and lying from his house—resonates with the righteous abhorrence of falsehood and exclusion/condemnation of the wicked.
- Proverbs 19:5 (thematic): A false witness and one who speaks lies will not go unpunished—links falsehood with disgrace and negative consequences attributed to the wicked in Prov 13:5.
Alternative generated candidates
- The righteous hates falsehood; the wicked brings disgrace and shame.
- A righteous person hates a lying word; the wicked make themselves loathsome and come to shame.
Pro.13.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- צדקה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- תצר: VERB,qal,imperfect,2,m,sg
- תם: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- דרך: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ורשעה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- תסלף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- חטאת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Proverbs 10:9 (verbal): Contrasts integrity/upright walking that secures a person with perverting one's way that leads to exposure or ruin—parallels 'righteousness guards the blameless way' vs. 'wickedness overthrows the sinner.'
- Proverbs 10:29 (verbal): Speaks of the 'way' of the righteous as a place of security or strength and the way of the wicked ending in ruin—close lexical and thematic overlap with Prov 13:6.
- Proverbs 4:18-19 (structural): Contrasts the divergent courses of the righteous and the wicked—the righteous' path like the growing light, the wicked's path as darkness—similar structural contrast of outcomes.
- Psalm 1:6 (thematic): Affirms that the LORD oversees the way of the righteous while the way of the wicked perishes—echoes the theme that righteousness secures a path and wickedness brings destruction.
Alternative generated candidates
- Righteousness guards the blameless way, but wickedness perverts the sinner's path.
- Righteousness preserves the integrity of the upright, but wickedness overturns the sinner's course.
Pro.13.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- יש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- מתעשר: VERB,hitp,part,3,m,sg
- ואין: CONJ+PART,exist
- כל: DET
- מתרושש: VERB,hitp,part,3,m,sg
- והון: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- רב: ADJ,m,sg
Parallels
- Proverbs 11:28 (thematic): Both verses warn against trusting in riches and contrast outward wealth with true security or moral standing.
- Proverbs 28:6 (thematic): A similar contrast between apparent poverty and true integrity/wealth—value is not determined by external riches.
- Proverbs 23:4-5 (verbal): Speaks of the fleeting, illusory nature of riches—what looks like wealth can vanish when pursued, echoing the proverb's contrast between appearance and reality.
- Ecclesiastes 5:10 (thematic): Highlights the emptiness of pursuing wealth for its own sake: love of money brings dissatisfaction despite apparent riches.
- Luke 12:15-21 (thematic): The parable of the rich fool illustrates that apparent abundance may be futile and that true value is not measured by accumulated possessions, paralleling the proverb's inversion of rich/poor expectations.
Alternative generated candidates
- There are the rich who seem to have nothing, and there are the poor who have abundant wealth.
- There are those who become rich and yet have nothing; and there are those who become poor, yet possess great wealth.
Pro.13.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כפר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נפש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עשרו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- ורש: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- שמע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- גערה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Prov.18.23 (thematic): Contrasts poor and rich in how they are treated or heard—underscores social advantage of wealth in securing attention or response, related to Prov.13:8’s link between wealth and deliverance/response.
- Prov.21.14 (thematic): A secret gift appeases anger—parallels the idea that gifts/bribes or wealth can avert punishment or secure protection, similar to wealth ‘ransoming’ a life.
- Prov.17.23 (verbal): Explicit statement that a bribe perverts justice—connects to the theme that money can alter rebuke, judgment, or consequences (wealth as ransom).
- Ps.49:7-9 (thematic): Asserts that no one can redeem another’s life with wealth—serves as a theological counterpoint to the proverb’s pragmatic claim that riches can ransom life, highlighting tension about the limits of money.
Alternative generated candidates
- A man's wealth may ransom his life, yet the poor hear no rebuke.
- The ransom of a man's life are his riches; the poor hear not rebuke.
Pro.13.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- צדיקים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ישמח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ונר: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- רשעים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ידעך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg,obj2,m,sg
Parallels
- Job 18:5-6 (verbal): Bildad says almost the same line: 'The light of the wicked shall be put out, and the flame of his fire shall not shine' — a direct verbal parallel about the extinguishing of the wicked's light.
- Proverbs 4:18 (thematic): Contrasts paths using light imagery: 'The path of the righteous is like the light of dawn' — similar theme of the righteous associated with increasing light.
- Psalm 112:4 (thematic): Speaks of light arising for the upright in darkness, associating righteousness with light and blessing, paralleling the positive image of the righteous' light.
- Matthew 5:14 (thematic): Jesus calls his followers 'the light of the world,' echoing the motif that the righteous (or God's people) are a source of light to others.
- John 8:12 (thematic): Jesus declares 'I am the light of the world,' linking messianic/light imagery to life and guidance, resonating with Proverbs' contrast between the righteous' light and the wicked's darkness.
Alternative generated candidates
- The light of the righteous brings joy; the lamp of the wicked will be extinguished.
- The light of the righteous brings joy; the lamp of the wicked is extinguished.
Pro.13.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- רק: PRT
- בזדון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יתן: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,sg
- מצה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- נועצים: VERB,qal,ptc,0,m,pl
- חכמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Prov.11:2 (verbal): Similar wording/contrast of pride and wisdom: 'When pride comes, then comes disgrace, but with the humble is wisdom,' closely paralleling pride producing contention and the wise receiving wisdom.
- Prov.15:22 (thematic): Emphasizes the value of counsel: 'Without counsel plans fail, but with many advisers they succeed,' paralleling the second clause that the well-advised have wisdom.
- James 3:16 (thematic): Links inner passions to social disorder: 'For where jealousy and selfish ambition exist, there will be disorder and every vile practice,' echoing the Proverbs idea that pride/self-seeking produces strife.
- James 4:6 (thematic): Contrasts divine favor and human pride: 'God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble,' resonating with Proverbs' contrast between pride's negative effects and the benefits of humility and wise counsel.
Alternative generated candidates
- Only through pride does strife arise; with those who take counsel is wisdom.
- Only by pride comes quarrel; with counselors is wisdom.
Pro.13.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מהבל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ימעט: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- וקבץ: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- יד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ירבה: VERB,qal,impf,3,ms
Parallels
- Proverbs 10:4 (thematic): Contrasts laziness and diligence: diligent (or hardworking) hands bring wealth, echoing Proverbs 13:11’s idea that gain by steady labor increases.
- Proverbs 21:5 (thematic): The plans/industry of the diligent lead to abundance, while haste leads to poverty—paralleling the contrast between steady gain and fleeting/vanishing wealth.
- Proverbs 28:19 (thematic): He who tills his land will have plenty, but one who follows worthless pursuits will have poverty—another affirmation that honest labor produces increase, unlike vain gain.
- Proverbs 20:21 (verbal): A quickly gained inheritance will not be blessed in the end, echoing the warning that ill-gotten or hasty wealth is unstable and diminished.
- Proverbs 23:5 (allusion): Imagery of wealth suddenly vanishing when grasped (sprouting wings) parallels the motif that riches acquired for vanity or quickly are transient and disappear.
Alternative generated candidates
- Wealth gained hastily will dwindle, but whoever gathers little by little will increase.
- Wealth gained hastily will dwindle; he who gathers little by little will increase.
Pro.13.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- תוחלת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ממשכה: NOUN,f,sg,suff
- מחלה: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- לב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חיים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- תאוה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- באה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Proverbs 10:28 (thematic): Contrasts the outcomes of hope: the righteous’ hope brings life/joy whereas deferred hope leads to disappointment — similar theme of hope’s result in Prov 13:12.
- Proverbs 3:18 (verbal): Wisdom is called a “tree of life” here, echoing Prov 13:12’s positive image of fulfilled desire as a tree of life.
- Genesis 2:9; 3:22-24 (allusion): The original tree of life in Eden provides the background for the metaphor in Prov 13:12, linking life and access to what sustains it.
- Revelation 22:2 (allusion): The eschatological image of the tree of life whose leaves bring healing resonates with Prov 13:12’s depiction of fulfilled desire as life-giving.
- Psalm 37:4 (thematic): “Delight yourself in the LORD, and he will give you the desires of your heart” parallels the idea that fulfilled desire brings blessing/life contrasted with frustrated hope.
Alternative generated candidates
- Hope deferred makes the heart sick, but a longing fulfilled is a tree of life.
- Hope deferred makes the heart sick, but fulfilled desire is a tree of life.
Pro.13.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בז: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לדבר: INF,qal
- יחבל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- וירא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מצוה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- ישלם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Proverbs 28:14 (thematic): Contrasts continual fear of the LORD (resulting in blessing/security) with hardening/despising (resulting in calamity)—same moral causality as reward for fearing vs. penalty for despising.
- Psalm 112:1 (verbal): Uses the exact formula 'Blessed is the man who fears the LORD' and links fear of God with delighting in his commandments, promising blessing/reward.
- Proverbs 1:7 (thematic): Declares 'The fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge,' connecting reverence for God with positive outcomes (wisdom/reward) opposed to despising instruction.
- Deuteronomy 28:15 (structural): Covenantal warning: if Israel disobeys/despises God's commandments, curses and punishment follow—a corporate/ legal analogue to individual 'payment' for despising the command.
- Romans 2:6 (thematic): New Testament statement that God 'will repay each person according to his works' parallels the idea that rejecting commands leads to repayment/punishment while obedience/fear brings reward.
Alternative generated candidates
- Whoever scorns instruction brings ruin upon himself; whoever reveres the command will be rewarded.
- Whoever scorns instruction brings ruin upon himself; whoever fears command will be rewarded.
Pro.13.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- תורת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- חכם: ADJ,m,sg
- מקור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חיים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- לסור: VERB,qal,inf
- ממקשי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,construct
- מות: VERB,qal,infabs
Parallels
- Proverbs 10:11 (verbal): Uses the same fountain/mouth-of-life imagery—'The mouth of the righteous is a fountain of life'—paralleling 'teaching of the wise [is] a fountain of life.'
- Proverbs 4:13 (verbal): Commands holding fast to instruction because 'she is your life,' directly equating instruction/wisdom with life as in Prov 13:14.
- Proverbs 3:18 (thematic): Describes wisdom as a 'tree of life' to those who grasp her, thematically linking wisdom/teaching with life-giving benefit.
- Proverbs 12:28 (thematic): Affirms that the way of righteousness leads to life and no death—paralleling Prov 13:14's idea that wise teaching turns one away from the snares of death.
Alternative generated candidates
- The teaching of the wise is a fountain of life, turning one away from the snares of death.
- The instruction of the wise is a fountain of life, to turn one away from the snares of death.
Pro.13.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- שכל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- טוב: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- יתן: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,sg
- חן: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ודרך: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בגדים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- איתן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Prov.3:4 (verbal): Speaks of finding 'favour and good understanding'—a close verbal and thematic echo of 'good understanding gives favor.'
- Prov.12:2 (thematic): Contrasts the outcomes of the righteous and the wicked: the righteous obtain favor, while those with evil purposes face condemnation—paralleling good understanding bringing favor vs. the treacherous' hard way.
- Prov.4:18-19 (structural): Contrasts two paths—one bright/advancing (righteous) and one dark/perishing (wicked)—similar to the proverb's contrast between a favored way and the hard way of the treacherous.
- Ps.5:12 (thematic): Speaks of God blessing the righteous and surrounding them with favor/protection—parallels the idea that right understanding or conduct brings favor.
- Prov.16:7 (thematic): States that when a person's ways please the Lord he makes even his enemies at peace—another proverb linking right conduct/understanding with favorable outcomes.
Alternative generated candidates
- Good sense wins favor, but the path of the treacherous is hard.
- Good sense wins favor, but the way of the treacherous leads to ruin.
Pro.13.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כל: DET
- ערום: ADJ,m,sg
- יעשה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- בדעת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וכסיל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יפרש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אולת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Prov.12:23 (verbal): Closely parallels the wording and contrast: the prudent/concealing knowledge versus the fool/the heart that proclaims or exposes folly.
- Prov.17:28 (thematic): Contrasts a fool's behavior with the appearance of wisdom when he is silent—related theme of how action/speech reveals or hides folly.
- Prov.18:2 (thematic): Highlights the fool's disregard for understanding and eagerness to act or speak, echoing the contrast between acting with knowledge and exposing foolishness.
- Eccl.10:12 (thematic): Contrasts wise speech/behavior with the destructive words or actions of fools, underscoring consequences when folly is displayed rather than guided by knowledge.
Alternative generated candidates
- Every prudent person acts with knowledge; the fool proclaims folly.
- Every prudent person acts with knowledge; a fool spreads folly.
Pro.13.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מלאך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- רשע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יפל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ברע: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וציר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אמונים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מרפא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Prov.25:13 (verbal): Close verbal parallel: a 'faithful messenger' refreshes or heals his masters, echoing Prov 13:17's positive portrayal of a trustworthy envoy versus a wicked messenger.
- Prov.25:25 (thematic): Good news from afar is likened to cold water that refreshes—similar theme of a messenger's report bringing relief or restoration.
- Isa.52:7 (thematic): Celebrated image of the bearer of good news who proclaims peace and brings salvation; Romans 10:15 later quotes this verse, linking the messenger motif to healing/reconciliation.
- 2 Cor.5:20 (structural): Paul's depiction of believers as 'ambassadors' for Christ parallels the envoy/messenger figure in Prov 13:17—agents who bring reconciliation/healing rather than harm.
Alternative generated candidates
- A wicked messenger brings harm, but a faithful envoy brings healing.
- A wicked messenger falls into trouble, but a faithful envoy brings healing.
Pro.13.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ריש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וקלון: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פורע: VERB,qal,part,NA,m,sg
- מוסר: NOUN,m,sg,const
- ושומר: VERB,qal,part,NA,m,sg
- תוכחת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יכבד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Proverbs 12:1 (verbal): Contrasts love of discipline with hatred of correction—directly echoes Prov.13:18’s link between accepting reproof and positive outcome.
- Proverbs 15:5 (verbal): States that a fool rejects a parent's discipline while the one who accepts correction is prudent, paralleling the causal contrast of ruin versus honor in Prov.13:18.
- Proverbs 3:11-12 (thematic): Speaks of not despising the LORD’s discipline because it is loving correction—connects the idea that accepting correction brings blessing/honor rather than disgrace.
- Proverbs 10:17 (thematic): Says he who heeds instruction walks in life, while he who rejects reproof goes astray—similar theme of instruction/reproof producing life/honor versus ruin/shame.
Alternative generated candidates
- Neglect of discipline brings poverty and disgrace; he who accepts correction will be honored.
- Poverty and reproach come to him who neglects discipline; he who heeds correction will be honored.
Pro.13.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- תאוה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- נהיה: VERB,niphal,impf,1,pl
- תערב: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- לנפש: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ותועבת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כסילים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- סור: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- מרע: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Prov.13:12 (verbal): Uses the same idea/phrase of desire fulfilled (or hope realized) bringing life/sweetness to the soul; closely parallel wording and motif.
- Ps.107:9 (thematic): Speaks of God satisfying the longing/hungry soul—parallel theme of desire being fulfilled and the soul's satisfaction.
- Ps.37:4 (thematic): Promises that delighting in the Lord results in receiving the desires of the heart—connects divine fulfillment of desire to the soul's joy.
- Prov.29:1 (thematic): Describes the stubbornness of the unrepentant (stiff‑necked), paralleling the depiction of fools who hate to turn from evil.
Alternative generated candidates
- A fulfilled desire is sweet to the soul, but it is an abomination to fools to turn from evil.
- A desire fulfilled is sweet to the soul; fools detest turning from evil.
Pro.13.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הולך: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- חכמים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- יחכם: VERB,hiphil,impf,3,m,sg
- ורעה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כסילים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ירוע: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 1 Corinthians 15:33 (quotation): Paul echoes proverbial wisdom about association—'Bad company ruins good morals'—paralleling Proverbs' warning that companions shape a person's character and lead to harm.
- Psalm 1:1 (verbal): Uses the same walking imagery to describe moral influence: blessed is the one who does not walk in the counsel of the wicked, emphasizing how companions and company determine conduct and destiny.
- Proverbs 27:17 (thematic): Both verses stress the formative effect of close relationships—companions sharpen or corrupt one another—highlighting mutual influence among friends.
- Proverbs 22:24-25 (verbal): Warns against making friends with the angry/foolish because their ways ensnare you—closely related to Prov.13:20's idea that associating with fools brings harm.
- Proverbs 14:7 (verbal): Direct counsel to avoid the presence of a fool ('leave the presence of a fool'), reinforcing the Proverbs theme that one's company affects one's wisdom and speech.
Alternative generated candidates
- Walk with the wise and you will become wise; keep company with fools and you will suffer harm.
- Whoever walks with the wise will become wise, but the companion of fools will suffer harm.
Pro.13.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- חטאים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- תרדף: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- רעה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- צדיקים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ישלם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- טוב: ADJ,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Psalm 34:21 (verbal): Uses similar language about evil overtaking the wicked and the condemnation of those who oppose the righteous, echoing the contrast between fate of sinners and reward of the righteous.
- Psalm 37:32-33 (thematic): Contrasts the actions and destinies of wicked and righteous—wicked lie in wait or pursue the righteous, but the LORD vindicates and will not abandon the righteous.
- Proverbs 11:21 (structural): Another proverb that contrasts destinies within the same genre: the wicked will not go unpunished while the righteous are preserved/delivered, paralleling Prov.13:21's reward/pursuit motif.
- Isaiah 3:10-11 (thematic): Explicitly contrasts outcomes—'Tell the righteous it will be well with them' versus 'woe to the wicked'—reflecting the moral retribution and reward theme of Prov.13:21.
Alternative generated candidates
- Evil pursues sinners, but good will be repaid to the righteous.
- Evil pursues sinners, but good will reward the righteous.
Pro.13.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- טוב: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- ינחיל: VERB,hif,impf,3,m,sg
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- בנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- וצפון: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לצדיק: PREP
- חיל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חוטא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Prov.19:14 (verbal): Both verses use the language of 'inheritance' to describe what is passed from one generation to the next (houses/riches in 19:14; leaving an inheritance to grandchildren in 13:22).
- Ecclesiastes 7:11 (thematic): Qoheleth compares wisdom to an inheritance—both texts treat inheritance as a beneficial legacy that endures for those who receive it, whether material (Prov.) or ethical/intellectual (Eccl.).
- Psalm 37:25-26 (thematic): Psalm 37 affirms that the righteous are cared for and their offspring are blessed, and contrasts the fate of the wicked—paralleling Prov.13:22’s contrast between a righteous man’s provision for descendants and the transitory outcome of the sinner’s wealth.
- Prov.27:24 (thematic): Prov.27:24 observes that riches do not last for ever, echoing the idea in 13:22 that the ill-gotten or sinful man’s wealth will not endure for his own house but will come to others (the righteous) instead.
Alternative generated candidates
- A good man leaves an inheritance for his grandchildren; the sinner's wealth is stored up for the righteous.
- A good man leaves an inheritance to his grandchildren; the wealth of the sinner is laid up for the righteous.
Pro.13.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- רב: ADJ,m,sg
- אכל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ניר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ראשים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ויש: CONJ+VERB,qal,pres,3,_,sg
- נספה: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
- בלא: PREP
- משפט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 10:1-2 (thematic): Condemns unjust decrees that turn the needy away from justice—paralleling the proverb's point that the poor's produce is lost for want of right judgment.
- Micah 2:1-2 (thematic): Describes coveting and seizing fields and houses—an explicit depiction of how the poor's land and harvest can be taken through injustice.
- Amos 5:11-12 (thematic): Accuses the powerful of trampling the poor and depriving them of justice, resulting in loss and ruin similar to the proverb's wasted yield.
- Proverbs 14:31 (thematic): Within Proverbs: oppressing the poor is condemned—echoes the moral link between injustice and harm to the poor's livelihood.
- Psalm 10:2-3 (thematic): Portrays the wicked as hunting the poor and seeking them out to dispossess them—resonant with the image of the poor's harvest being swept away by lack of justice.
Alternative generated candidates
- A poor man's field may yield abundant food, yet injustice sweeps it away for lack of judgment.
- There is much food in the field of the poor, yet it is swept away for lack of justice.
Pro.13.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- חושך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שבטו: NOUN,m,sg,suff
- שונא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- ואהבו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- שחרו: NOUN,m,sg,suff
- מוסר: NOUN,m,sg,const
Parallels
- Proverbs 3:12 (verbal): Connects divine love with parental reproof — 'whom the LORD loves he reproves' parallels the proverb's equation of love with discipline.
- Proverbs 23:13-14 (verbal): Directly counsels not to withhold the rod and explicitly mentions the rod as corrective, echoing the imagery and injunction to discipline a child.
- Proverbs 22:15 (verbal): Speaks of the 'rod of correction' driving out folly from a child, reinforcing the pedagogical function of physical discipline in child-rearing.
- Proverbs 19:18 (thematic): Urges parents to discipline their son because there is hope, emphasizing the pragmatic/hopeful rationale for corrective discipline found in Prov 13:24.
- Hebrews 12:5-11 (allusion): Interprets divine discipline as fatherly love and corrective training—applies the same principle (discipline as evidence of love) to God's relationship with his children.
Alternative generated candidates
- Whoever spares the rod hates his child; whoever loves the child disciplines him promptly.
- He who spares the rod hates his son; he who loves him disciplines him early.
Pro.13.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- צדיק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אכל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לשבע: PREP+NUM,card,pl
- נפשו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ובטן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- רשעים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- תחסר: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
Parallels
- Proverbs 10:3 (verbal): Very close verbal/theme: the righteous do not go hungry while the cravings/desires of the wicked are frustrated—same contrast of provision for the righteous and want for the wicked.
- Psalm 37:25 (thematic): Affirms that the righteous are provided for (not abandoned to beg), echoing the proverb’s claim that the righteous eat to satisfaction while the wicked lack.
- Psalm 107:9 (thematic): Speaks of God satisfying the longing soul and filling the hungry with good, paralleling the motif of the righteous being fed and satisfied.
- Proverbs 15:6 (structural): Within Proverbs’ wisdom tradition a recurrent contrast: the house/portion of the righteous is blessed or has abundance, whereas the wicked’s income/household experiences trouble or lack.
Alternative generated candidates
- The righteous eat to satisfy their souls; the belly of the wicked will be empty.
- The righteous eat to the satisfaction of their souls; the belly of the wicked will be in want.
A wise son accepts his father's instruction; a scoffer does not heed rebuke.
From the fruit of a man's mouth he enjoys good, but a treacherous soul is filled with violence.
Whoever guards his mouth preserves his life; whoever opens wide his lips invites ruin.
The sluggard craves and gets nothing, while the soul of the diligent is richly satisfied.
A righteous person hates falsehood; the wicked brings disgrace and contempt.
Righteousness guards the blameless in their way; wickedness subverts the sinner.
There are those who seem rich yet have nothing, and those who seem poor yet possess great wealth.
A man's wealth may ransom his life, but the poor do not heed rebuke.
The light of the righteous brings joy; the lamp of the wicked will be extinguished.
Only by pride does contention arise; with the counsel of the wise is wisdom.
Wealth gained hastily will dwindle, but gathered little by little it will increase.
Hope deferred makes the heart sick, but fulfilled desire is a tree of life.
Whoever scorns instruction will be ruined; whoever fears the command will be rewarded.
The teaching of the wise is a fountain of life, to turn one aside from the snares of death.
Good sense wins favor; the way of the unfaithful is harsh.
Every prudent one acts with knowledge; a fool spreads folly.
A wicked messenger brings trouble, but a faithful envoy brings healing.
Poverty and disgrace come to him who neglects discipline; whoever heeds reproof will be honored.
A desire fulfilled is sweet to the soul; it is detestable for fools to turn from evil.
Whoever walks with the wise becomes wise; a companion of fools will suffer harm.
Evil pursues sinners, but good befalls the righteous.
A good man leaves an inheritance for his grandchildren; the sinner's wealth is stored up for the righteous.
A poor man's field may yield abundant harvests, yet injustice sweeps them away.
He who spares the rod hates his son; he who loves him disciplines him promptly.
The righteous eats to satisfy his soul, but the belly of the wicked will be empty.