Justice
Deuteronomy 16:18-20
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Deu.16.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- שפטים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ושטרים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- תתן: VERB,qal,imprf,2,_,sg
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
- בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שעריך: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהיך: NOUN,m,sg,prsuf-2ms
- נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
- לשבטיך: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ושפטו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- משפט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- צדק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 1:16–17 (structural): Earlier narrative in Deuteronomy where Moses recounts appointing judges and officials for the people—same institutional action and function as Deut 16:18.
- Exodus 18:21–22 (verbal): Jethro’s instruction to appoint able men as judges in every town parallels the command to set up judges/officers to share judicial responsibility.
- Deuteronomy 17:8–13 (thematic): Regulations for appellate justice and the authority of central judges/priests echo the Deut 16:18 concern for proper, binding judicial procedure and righteous judgment.
- Leviticus 19:15 (verbal): Command against partiality in judgment—’with righteousness shall you judge’—connects directly to the requirement that appointed judges administer justice rightly.
- 2 Chronicles 19:5–11 (thematic): Jehoshaphat’s reform appointing judges and instructing them to judge in the LORD’s ways re-applies Deuteronomic judicial principles in a royal/administrative setting.
Alternative generated candidates
- Appoint judges and officers for yourself in all your gates that the LORD your God is giving you; they shall judge the people with righteous judgment.
- You shall appoint judges and officials for yourself in all your gates that the LORD your God gives you, for your tribes; and they shall judge the people with righteous judgment.
Deu.16.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לא: PART_NEG
- תטה: VERB,qal,imperf,2,m,sg
- משפט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- תכיר: VERB,qal,imperf,2,m,sg
- פנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ולא: CONJ
- תקח: VERB,qal,imperfect,2,m,sg
- שחד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- השחד: NOUN,m,sg,def
- יעור: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,sg
- עיני: NOUN,f,pl,cons+1s
- חכמים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- ויסלף: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,sg
- דברי: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,1,c,sg
- צדיקם: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Exodus 23:8 (verbal): Commands not to accept a bribe and links bribery with blinding/judicial perversion—near verbal parallel to Deut 16:19.
- Leviticus 19:15 (thematic): Prohibits perverting justice and showing partiality in judgment—same legal/ethical injunction against biased judging.
- Proverbs 17:23 (verbal): States that a wicked man accepts a bribe to pervert justice—echoes the causal connection between bribery and corrupting justice.
- Isaiah 1:23 (thematic): Accuses leaders of loving bribes and failing to defend the weak—connects bribery with corrupt leadership and perversion of justice.
- Ezekiel 22:12 (thematic): Condemns taking bribes and profiting by extortion, linking such practices to societal corruption—parallels the justice‑perverting effect of bribery.
Alternative generated candidates
- You shall not pervert justice; you shall not show partiality; you shall not accept a bribe. For a bribe blinds the eyes of the wise and distorts the words of the righteous.
- You shall not pervert justice; you shall not show partiality; you shall not accept a bribe, for a bribe blinds the eyes of the discerning and perverts the words of the righteous.
Deu.16.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- צדק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- צדק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תרדף: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- למען: PREP
- תחיה: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- וירשת: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהיך: NOUN,m,sg,prsuf-2ms
- נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
Parallels
- Amos 5:24 (thematic): Both demand that justice be enacted as the proper priority for God’s people (Amos: “let justice roll on like a river”), critiquing religion without justice and making justice central to covenant life.
- Isaiah 1:17 (verbal): Isaiah exhorts the people to “seek justice, relieve the oppressed,” echoing Deut’s imperative to pursue justice as an essential ethical duty for the community.
- Micah 6:8 (thematic): Micah summarizes what God requires—‘to do justice, and to love kindness’—reiterating Deut’s theme that pursuing justice is a core requirement of covenantal fidelity.
- Jeremiah 22:3 (structural): Jeremiah links the command to ‘do justice and righteousness’ with the consequence of dwelling in the land—closely paralleling Deut’s command to pursue justice so that one may live and inherit the land.
- Leviticus 19:15 (verbal): Leviticus commands impartiality and fairness in judgment (‘You shall do no injustice’), reflecting the law-code context and concrete legal demand behind Deut’s call to pursue justice.
Alternative generated candidates
- Justice, justice you shall pursue, that you may live and inherit the land that the LORD your God is giving you.
- Justice, justice you shall pursue, that you may live and inherit the land that the LORD your God gives you.
You shall appoint judges and officers for yourselves in all your gates that the LORD your God is giving you, for your tribes; and they shall judge the people with righteous judgment.
You shall not pervert justice; you shall not show partiality; and you shall not accept a bribe, for a bribe blinds the eyes of the wise and twists the words of the righteous.
Justice, justice you shall pursue, that you may live and inherit the land that the LORD your God is giving you.