Booths
Deuteronomy 16:13-17
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Deu.16.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- חג: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הסכת: DET+NOUN,f,pl,def
- תעשה: VERB,qal,imf,2,m,sg
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
- שבעת: NUM,card,construct
- ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- באספך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
- מגרנך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
- ומיקבך: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 23:39-43 (verbal): Gives the detailed ritual instructions for the Feast of Booths (Sukkot): seven days living in booths and gathering produce, using language and commands closely parallel to Deut 16:13.
- Exodus 23:16 (thematic): Refers to the 'Feast of Harvest' or 'Ingathering' at the end of the year, the same agricultural/harvest context as Deut 16:13.
- Exodus 34:22 (thematic): Also names the Feast of Ingathering (Sukkot) and links it to the yearly agricultural cycle; parallels Deut's timing and purpose for the festival.
- Nehemiah 8:14-18 (structural): Narrates the postexilic observance of Sukkot after the Torah is read, where people make booths 'as it is written,' showing the enactment of Deut 16:13's command.
- Zechariah 14:16-19 (allusion): Envisions future pilgrimage to Jerusalem for the Feast of Booths; alludes to the festival's communal and cultic significance found in Deut 16:13.
Alternative generated candidates
- You shall observe the Festival of Booths for seven days when you gather in from your threshing floor and your winepress.
- You shall observe the Festival of Booths for yourself seven days, when you gather in from your threshing floor and from your winepress.
Deu.16.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ושמחת: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- בחגך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,prs:2,m,sg
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- ובנך: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs-2ms
- ובתך: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs-2ms
- ועבדך: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs-2ms
- ואמתך: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs-2ms
- והלוי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והגר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והיתום: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והאלמנה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בשעריך: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs-2ms
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 12:12 (verbal): Uses the same formula — 'you and your son and your daughter, your male and your female servant, and the Levite' — commanding rejoicing with household and vulnerable residents at worship.
- Deuteronomy 16:11 (verbal): Parallel instruction for another festival (Weeks/Pentecost) with nearly identical language including son, daughter, servants, Levite, stranger, fatherless and widow in the communal rejoicing.
- Deuteronomy 14:29 (verbal): Specifies the Levite, the stranger, the fatherless and the widow as beneficiaries of agricultural provisions within towns — same social categories named in Deut 16:14.
- Leviticus 23:41 (thematic): In the instructions for the Feast of Booths (Tabernacles) the people are commanded to 'rejoice before the LORD your God' for seven days, providing the liturgical precedent for festival rejoicing in Deut 16:14.
- Nehemiah 8:10–12 (thematic): Describes communal rejoicing at a sacred assembly with commands to eat, drink and share with those who have nothing — echoing Deut 16:14's emphasis on celebrating with servants, strangers and the poor.
Alternative generated candidates
- And you shall rejoice at your festival—you and your son and your daughter, your male servant and your female servant, the Levite, the stranger, the fatherless, and the widow who are within your gates.
- And you shall rejoice at your festival—you and your son and your daughter, your male servant and your female servant, the Levite who is within your gates, the stranger, the fatherless, and the widow who are among you.
Deu.16.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- שבעת: NUM,card,construct
- ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- תחג: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- אלהיך: NOUN,m,sg,prsuf-2ms
- במקום: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יבחר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- יברכך: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg,obj:2,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהיך: NOUN,m,sg,prsuf-2ms
- בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תבואתך: NOUN,f,sg,cons,2,m
- ובכל: CONJ+PREP
- מעשה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ידיך: NOUN,f,pl,cs,2ms
- והיית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- אך: PART
- שמח: ADJ,m,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 23:34-43 (verbal): Gives the institution and detailed commands for the Feast of Booths/Sukkot — dwell in booths and rejoice seven days before the LORD — closely parallels Deut 16:15's seven‑day festival, rejoicing, and cultic framework.
- Deuteronomy 12:5 (verbal): Uses the phrase 'the place which the LORD will choose' for worship; echoes Deut 16:15's requirement to celebrate at the place the LORD chooses (central‑sanctuary stipulation).
- Deuteronomy 16:11 (structural): Within the same pilgrimage‑festival material (Feast of Weeks) this verse repeats the formula 'you shall rejoice before the LORD your God,' paralleling v.15's command to be joyful at the appointed feast.
- Nehemiah 8:14-18 (allusion): Describes the post‑exilic celebration of the Feast of Booths — building booths, celebrating seven days, and great rejoicing — echoing Deut 16:15's observance and communal joy.
- John 7:37-38 (thematic): Jesus' public teaching on the last day of the Feast of Tabernacles links the festival context to divine blessing and spiritual outpouring, thematically connecting NT reflection on the feast to Deut 16:15's emphasis on joy and God's blessing.
Alternative generated candidates
- Seven days you shall celebrate to the LORD your God at the place that the LORD will choose; for the LORD your God will bless you in all your produce and in all the work of your hands, and you shall be only joyful.
- Seven days you shall keep the festival before the LORD your God at the place that the LORD will choose, for the LORD your God will bless you in all your produce and in all the work of your hands, and you shall be wholly joyful.
Deu.16.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- שלוש: NUM,f,sg,abs
- פעמים: NOUN,m,du,abs
- בשנה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יראה: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- כל: DET
- זכורך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+2ms
- את: PRT,acc
- פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהיך: NOUN,m,sg,prsuf-2ms
- במקום: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יבחר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בחג: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המצות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- ובחג: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השבעות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- ובחג: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הסכות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- ולא: CONJ
- יראה: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ריקם: ADV
Parallels
- Exodus 23:14-17 (quotation): Commands the people to keep the annual festivals and states similarly that 'three times in the year' all your men shall appear before the LORD — a direct legal parallel to Deut 16:16's pilgrimage obligation.
- Exodus 34:18,23 (verbal): Repeats the requirement that the people appear before God 'three times in the year' (passover, weeks, booths), echoing the ritual schedule and pilgrimage language of Deut 16:16.
- Leviticus 23:4–44 (esp. vv.4,39) (thematic): Gives the canonical list and timing of the appointed feasts (Passover, Feast of Weeks, Feast of Booths) named in Deut 16:16, providing the cultic framework for the three pilgrimages.
- Deuteronomy 12:5–7,11–14 (thematic): Speaks of 'the place the LORD will choose' where offerings are to be brought and cited rejoicing before the LORD — the same 'chosen place' and centralization motif referenced in Deut 16:16.
- Deuteronomy 16:17 (structural): Immediate follow-up instruction explaining 'not to appear before the LORD empty' by requiring each person to give according to ability — it interprets and implements the prohibition in Deut 16:16.
Alternative generated candidates
- Three times in the year all your males shall appear before the LORD your God at the place that he will choose: at the Feast of Unleavened Bread, at the Feast of Weeks, and at the Festival of Booths; and they shall not appear before the LORD empty-handed.
- Three times in the year every male among you shall appear before the LORD your God at the place that the LORD will choose: at the Festival of Unleavened Bread, at the Festival of Weeks, and at the Festival of Booths; and they shall not appear before the LORD empty-handed.
Deu.16.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כמתנת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,const
- ידו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- כברכת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהיך: NOUN,m,sg,prsuf-2ms
- אשר: PRON,rel
- נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
Parallels
- Exodus 25:2 (verbal): Calls for an offering from those of a willing heart — language and emphasis on voluntary giving echo Deut.16:17's allowance for gifts according to one's ability/willingness.
- Exodus 35:5 (verbal): Repeats the injunction to bring contributions from willing hearts for the sanctuary, paralleling Deut.16:17's theme of voluntary, ability‑based giving to God.
- 1 Chronicles 29:14 (thematic): David acknowledges that gifts come from what the LORD has provided and that people give out of that blessing — closely parallels Deut.16:17's link between giving and God's blessing.
- 2 Corinthians 9:7 (thematic): Paul instructs believers to give 'as he purposes in his heart,' not reluctantly, aligning with Deut.16:17's principle of giving according to one's ability and the blessing received.
- Proverbs 3:9 (thematic): Commands honoring the LORD with one’s substance, reflecting the idea that giving should recognize God's provision and blessing, as in Deut.16:17.
Alternative generated candidates
- Each person shall give as the gift of his hand, according to the blessing that the LORD your God has given you.
- Each person shall give as a gift of his hand, according to the blessing of the LORD your God that he has given you.
You shall observe the Festival of Booths for yourself seven days, when you gather in from your threshing floor and your winepress. And you shall rejoice at your festival—you and your son and your daughter, your male servant and your female servant, the Levite, the stranger, the fatherless, and the widow who are within your gates.
Seven days you shall celebrate to the LORD your God at the place that the LORD will choose; for the LORD your God will bless you in all your produce and in all the work of your hands, and you shall have only gladness.
Three times in the year every male among you shall appear before the LORD your God at the place that the LORD will choose: at the Festival of Unleavened Bread, at the Festival of Weeks, and at the Festival of Booths. They shall not appear before the LORD empty-handed.
Each one shall give according to the gift of his hand, according to the blessing the LORD your God has given you.