Weeks
Deuteronomy 16:9-12
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Deu.16.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- שבעה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שבעת: NUM,card,construct
- תספר: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
- מהחל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חרמש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בקמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- תחל: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- לספר: VERB,qal,inf
- שבעה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שבעות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- Leviticus 23:15 (verbal): Directly parallels the command to count seven complete weeks from a designated starting point (the day after the sheaf/wave offering); same counting instruction as Deut 16:9.
- Leviticus 23:16 (structural): Continues the same ritual sequence by specifying that seven weeks lead to the fiftieth day and the Feast of Weeks (Shavuot), explicating the outcome of the counting in Deut 16:9.
- Numbers 28:26 (thematic): Associates the Feast of Weeks with the offering of new grain/firstfruits at harvest, linking the counting of weeks in Deut 16:9 to the liturgical offering at the festival.
- Exodus 34:22 (allusion): Names the Feast of Weeks as the 'feast of the firstfruits of the wheat harvest,' thematically connecting Deut 16:9's harvest-based counting to the festival celebration.
- Ruth 1:22 (thematic): Places Naomi and Ruth's return to Bethlehem 'at the beginning of barley harvest,' situating the narrative in the same agricultural season tied to the omer-counting and the Feast of Weeks described in Deut 16:9.
Alternative generated candidates
- You shall count off seven weeks for yourself; begin to count the seven weeks from the time you first put the sickle to the standing grain.
- You shall count seven weeks for yourself; begin to count seven weeks from the time you first begin to cut the standing grain.
Deu.16.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ועשית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- חג: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שבעות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- אלהיך: NOUN,m,sg,prsuf-2ms
- מסת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- נדבת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- ידך: NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss:2,f,sg
- אשר: PRON,rel
- תתן: VERB,qal,imprf,2,_,sg
- כאשר: CONJ
- יברכך: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg,obj:2,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהיך: NOUN,m,sg,prsuf-2ms
Parallels
- Exodus 34:22 (verbal): Names and commands observance of the Feast of Weeks/Ingathering — close verbal parallel prescribing the festival.
- Exodus 23:16 (thematic): Calls the festival the Feast of Harvest/Weeks and links it to the end of the harvest — same agricultural/harvest context for the celebration.
- Leviticus 23:15-21 (structural): Gives the legal details for counting seven weeks and the offerings to be presented at Shavuot, including communal/thanksgiving elements corresponding to Deut 16:10’s offering instruction.
- Numbers 28:26-31 (verbal): Specifies the burnt and grain offerings required for the Feast of Weeks — a parallel prescription for sacrificial/offerings associated with the festival.
- Deuteronomy 16:11 (structural): Immediate context: links keeping the festival with rejoicing and bringing needy persons/Levites — completes the instruction begun in v.10 about celebration and giving.
Alternative generated candidates
- And you shall keep the Feast of Weeks to the LORD your God with the freewill offering of your hand—what you give as the LORD your God blesses you.
- And you shall keep the Festival of Weeks to the LORD your God with the offering of a freewill contribution from what your hand produces, which you shall give, as the LORD your God blesses you.
Deu.16.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ושמחת: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהיך: NOUN,m,sg,prsuf-2ms
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- ובנך: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs-2ms
- ובתך: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs-2ms
- ועבדך: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs-2ms
- ואמתך: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs-2ms
- והלוי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בשעריך: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs-2ms
- והגר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והיתום: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והאלמנה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בקרבך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,prs:2ms
- במקום: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יבחר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהיך: NOUN,m,sg,prsuf-2ms
- לשכן: VERB,qal,inf
- שמו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- שם: ADV
Parallels
- Deut.12.12 (verbal): Nearly identical recital: 'you shall rejoice before the LORD your God — you and your sons and your daughters, your male and female servants, and the Levite...' (same inclusive list and verb 'rejoice').
- Deut.12.18 (verbal): Same rejoicing-formula at the chosen place: includes 'you, the Levite, and the sojourner' — a close verbal/structural parallel about festival celebration at the central sanctuary.
- Deut.16.14 (structural): Parallel festival instruction (Sukkot) with almost the same wording and inclusive list (you, children, servants, Levite, sojourner, fatherless, widow) — same ritual structure applied to a different feast.
- Deut.26.11 (thematic): Shares the theme of communal rejoicing for God's gifts and specifically names the Levite and the sojourner alongside the worshiper — a broader thanksgiving/feast parallel.
Alternative generated candidates
- And you shall rejoice before the LORD your God: you, your son and your daughter, your male and female servants, the Levite in your towns, the sojourner, the orphan, and the widow who are among you—at the place that the LORD your God will choose to make his name dwell.
- And you shall rejoice before the LORD your God—you and your son and your daughter, your male and female servants, the Levite who is within your gates, the stranger, the orphan, and the widow who are among you—at the place that the LORD your God will choose to make his name dwell.
Deu.16.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וזכרת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- עבד: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- היית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- במצרים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ושמרת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- ועשית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- החקים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- האלה: DEM,pl
Parallels
- Deut.5.15 (verbal): Same verbal formula—'Remember that you were a slave in Egypt'—used as the rationale for observing the Sabbath; the memory of Egyptian slavery functions as the ethical/theological motive for obedience.
- Deut.24.18 (verbal): Repeats the command to remember Israel's slavery in Egypt as the basis for social justice laws (e.g., leaving gleanings for the poor and stranger); same memory-language used to ground legal injunctions.
- Exod.13.3 (quotation): Direct injunction to 'remember this day' and the exodus from Egypt; links the festival-observance context of Deut 16 and the memorial function of Israel's statutes to the foundational event of liberation.
- Lev.23.43 (thematic): In the context of the Feast of Booths, commands Israel to dwell in booths 'so that your generations may know' the experience of dwelling in temporary shelters after the exodus—another festival-shaped remembrance of Egypt and deliverance.
Alternative generated candidates
- And you shall remember that you were a slave in Egypt; therefore you shall observe and do these statutes.
- And you shall remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt, and you shall keep and do these statutes.
You shall count seven full weeks for yourself; begin to count the seven weeks from the time when the sickle is first put to the standing grain. And you shall hold the Festival of Weeks to the LORD your God with the freewill offering of your hand, which you shall give as the LORD your God blesses you. And you shall rejoice before the LORD your God—you and your son and your daughter, your male servant and your female servant, the Levite who is within your gates, the stranger, the fatherless, and the widow who are among you—at the place that the LORD your God will choose to make his name dwell. And you shall remember that you were a slave in Egypt; and you shall keep and do these statutes.