Judgment on Damascus and Aram
Jeremiah 49:23-27
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Jer.49.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לדמשק: PREP+NOUN,prop,sg
- בושה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- חמת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- וארפד: CONJ+NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- שמעה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- רעה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שמעו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
- נמגו: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,pl
- בים: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דאגה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- השקט: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לא: PART_NEG
- יוכל: VERB,qal,impf,3,ms
Parallels
- Isaiah 17:1-3 (thematic): Isaiah's oracle against Damascus predicts the city's ruin and melting away in fear—parallel theme of Damascus/Hamath/Arpad struck down and panic at the news of disaster.
- Amos 1:3-5 (thematic): Amos pronounces divine judgment on Damascus for violence against Gilead; like Jeremiah 49:23 this passage frames Damascus as the object of punishment and shame.
- Zechariah 9:1-2 (allusion): Zechariah opens with an oracle concerning Hadrach and Damascus; both texts share the prophetic motif of an announced judgment upon Damascus and surrounding Syrian cities.
- Jeremiah 49:24-27 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same oracle—these verses expand the theme of panic, shame, and overthrow of Damascus, Hamath, and Arpad and give closely related imagery and outcome.
Alternative generated candidates
- Concerning Damascus: Hamath and Arpad are put to shame—for an evil report has come; they heard and melted away. Distress has reached the sea; the tumult cannot be stilled.
- Concerning Damascus: Hamath and Arpad are put to shame; for they have heard ill tidings—they melt away; there is alarm by the sea, and quiet is no more.
Jer.49.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- רפתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- דמשק: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- הפנתה: VERB,hif,perf,3,f,sg
- לנוס: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- ורטט: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- החזיקה: VERB,hif,perf,3,f,sg
- צרה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וחבלים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אחזתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- כיולדה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 13:8 (verbal): Uses the same childbirth simile ('they will be in pain as a woman in labor') to portray national agony and impending destruction (Babylon).
- Jeremiah 4:31 (verbal): Same prophet employs the 'voice/anguish of a woman in travail' image for Jerusalem's fall—close verbal and thematic parallel within Jeremiah.
- Isaiah 21:3 (verbal): Speaks of being filled with pain and 'pangs... as a woman in travail,' echoing the childbirth language for a nation's crisis.
- Micah 4:10 (thematic): Commands Zion to 'be in pain and labor to bring forth,' using childbirth imagery to depict collective suffering and imminent upheaval.
Alternative generated candidates
- The strength of Damascus has failed; she has turned to flee, and trembling has seized her. Distress and cords hold her, like a woman in travail.
- Damascus has grown faint; she has turned to flee and trembles—distress has seized her, and pangs and labor‑pains have taken hold of her, like a woman in travail.
Jer.49.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- איך: ADV
- לא: PART_NEG
- עזבה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- עיר: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- תהלת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- קרית: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- משושי: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Psalm 48:1-3 (thematic): Speaks of the 'city of our God' as a place of praise and glory—parallel to Jeremiah's reference to a once‑praised city now judged.
- Isaiah 64:10 (thematic): Isaiah laments that holy cities have become a wilderness—echoing the theme of a celebrated city laid waste.
- Lamentations 2:15 (thematic): Describes the public humiliation and desolation of Jerusalem; thematically parallels the city of praise being shamed and abandoned.
- Ezekiel 26:2-6 (thematic): Prophecy against a proud, celebrated city (Tyre) brought low—similar motif of a famed city losing its exalted status.
- Nahum 3:1-7 (thematic): Pronounces judgment on the once‑mighty, revelrous city of Nineveh; parallels Jeremiah's depiction of the fall of a city famed for praise or rejoicing.
Alternative generated candidates
- How is the city not abandoned, the city of praise, the town of my delight?
- How has the city not been forsaken—the city of praise, the joy of the whole earth?
Jer.49.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לכן: ADV
- יפלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- בחוריה: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ברחבתיה: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- אנשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- המלחמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ידמו: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,pl
- ביום: PREP
- ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 13:15-18 (verbal): Graphic imagery of slaughter—young men dashed and captives falling—parallels Jeremiah's picture of youths falling in the streets and warriors being cut off.
- Zephaniah 2:8-9 (thematic): Oracles against a neighboring nation announce that 'I will cut off man and beast'; echoes Jeremiah's theme of decisive destruction and the cutting off of warriors 'in that day.'
- Ezekiel 7:19-21 (thematic): Describes calamity where valuables are cast into the streets and cities are devastated—resonates with Jeremiah's scene of public slaughter and ruin in the streets.
- Jeremiah 25:33 (structural): Uses the 'in that day' judgment motif and the image of widespread slaughter ('the slain of the LORD shall be at that day') paralleling the universal, public nature of the deaths in Jer 49:26.
Alternative generated candidates
- Therefore their young men shall fall in her squares, and all the men of war shall be silenced on that day, declares the LORD of hosts.
- Therefore their young men shall fall in her squares, and all the warriors shall be silenced on that day, declares the LORD of hosts.
Jer.49.27 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והצתי: VERB,hiphil,perf,1,sg
- אש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בחומת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons
- דמשק: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ואכלה: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
- ארמנות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הדד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Amos 1:4 (verbal): Almost verbatim motif: God will 'send a fire' that 'devours the palaces of Ben‑Hadad'—directly parallels Jeremiah’s image of fire in Damascus’ wall consuming Ben‑Hadad’s palaces.
- Isaiah 17:1-3 (thematic): Prophecy of the destruction of Damascus—'it shall be a ruinous heap' and its fortresses/palaces laid waste—echoes Jeremiah’s oracle against Damascus.
- Zechariah 9:1-2 (allusion): Oracular material concerning Hadrach and Damascus among nations to be judged; thematically links Damascus to prophetic denunciation and downfall.
- 2 Kings 16:9 (structural): Historical report of Assyrian attack on Damascus and removal of its people—serves as a historical parallel/fulfillment context for prophetic pronouncements about Damascus’ collapse and loss of its palaces.
Alternative generated candidates
- And I will kindle a fire in the wall of Damascus, and it shall devour the palaces of Ben‑Hadad.
- I will kindle a fire in the wall of Damascus; it shall consume the palaces of Ben‑Hadad.
Concerning Damascus: Hamath and Arpad—shame; for they have heard an evil report; they faint away; anguish is on the sea; there will be no quiet.
Damascus has turned away to flee and trembles; distress and ropes hold her fast—she is like a woman in labor.
How the city of praise is forsaken, the town of my exultation!
Therefore they shall fall in her streets, and all the men of war shall be silenced in that day, says the LORD of hosts.
I will kindle a fire in the wall of Damascus, and it shall consume the palaces of Ben‑Hadad.