The Mountain of the Lord and the Return of the Remnant
Micah 4:1-13
Mic.4.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- באחרית: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,const
- הימים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- הר: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- נכון: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- בראש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cstr
- ההרים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ונשא: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- מגבעות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ונהרו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- עמים: NOUN,pl,m,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 2:2-4 (verbal): Near-verbatim parallel: the same eschatological image—‘in the latter days’ the mountain of the LORD shall be exalted and many nations shall flow to it, seeking instruction and peace.
- Zechariah 8:20-23 (allusion): Latter-day motif of peoples and many cities coming to Jerusalem to seek the LORD and to pray there—echoes Micah’s picture of nations streaming to the holy mountain.
- Psalm 48:1-2 (thematic): Celebrates Mount Zion as the eminent, joy-filled mountain and the city of the great King; thematically parallels the exaltation of the LORD’s hill and its centrality to the nations.
- Isaiah 11:10 (thematic): Eschatological portrayal of the nations turning to the shoot/root of Jesse and seeking a sign—parallels Micah’s vision of nations coming to God’s mountain in the last days.
Alternative generated candidates
- And it shall come to pass in the latter days: the mountain of the house of the LORD shall be established as the highest of the mountains, and shall be exalted above the hills; and peoples shall stream to it.
- In the latter days the mountain of the house of the LORD shall be established as chief among the mountains; it shall be raised above the hills, and peoples shall flow to it.
Mic.4.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והלכו: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- גוים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- רבים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- ואמרו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- לכו: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,pl
- ונעלה: VERB,qal,impf,1,c,pl
- אל: NEG
- הר: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יעקב: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ויורנו: VERB,hiph,impf,3,m,sg
- מדרכיו: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs,poss3,m,sg
- ונלכה: VERB,qal,imprf,1,_,pl
- בארחתיו: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs,poss3,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- מציון: PREP+NOUN,prop,sg,abs
- תצא: VERB,qal,impf,2,ms
- תורה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ודבר: VERB,qal,fut,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מירושלם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 2:3 (verbal): Near-verbatim parallel—Isaiah 2:2–4/Micah 4:1–3 share the same wording: many nations come, 'Come, let us go up to the mountain of the LORD… for out of Zion shall go forth the law, and the word of the LORD from Jerusalem.'
- Zechariah 8:20-23 (allusion): Portrays peoples and nations coming to Israel and saying 'Let us go with you… for we have heard that God is with you,' echoing Micah's image of many nations seeking instruction at Jerusalem.
- Psalm 122:1-4 (thematic): Pilgrimage language—joy in going to the house of the LORD and ascending to Jerusalem parallels Micah's call 'Come, let us go up to the mountain of the LORD, to the house of the God of Jacob.'
- Deuteronomy 4:6 (thematic): Speaks of Israel's statutes as wisdom that makes the nation distinguished so that others recognize God's instruction—parallels 'for out of Zion shall go forth the law' as instruction admired by nations.
- Isaiah 11:10 (thematic): Foresees nations seeking the root of Jesse and looking to Israel for hope and instruction—echoes Micah's motif of Gentile nations turning to Zion for God's teaching.
Alternative generated candidates
- Many nations shall go and say, “Come, let us go up to the mountain of the LORD, to the house of the God of Jacob; that he may teach us his ways, and we will walk in his paths.” For out of Zion shall go forth the law, and the word of the LORD from Jerusalem.
- Many nations shall come and say, “Come, let us go up to the mountain of the LORD, to the house of the God of Jacob; he will teach us his ways, and we will walk in his paths.” For instruction shall go out from Zion, and the word of the LORD from Jerusalem.
Mic.4.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ושפט: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בין: PREP
- עמים: NOUN,pl,m,abs
- רבים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- והוכיח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לגוים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- עצמים: ADJ,m,pl
- עד: PREP
- רחוק: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- וכתתו: VERB,qal,imf,3,m,pl
- חרבתיהם: NOUN,f,pl,cns+PRON,3,m,pl
- לאתים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- וחניתתיהם: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,cns+PRON,3,m,pl
- למזמרות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- ישאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- גוי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- גוי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חרב: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ולא: CONJ
- ילמדון: VERB,hiph,impf,3,m,pl
- עוד: ADV
- מלחמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 2:4 (quotation): Nearly identical wording and imagery — the nations judged, swords beaten into plowshares, and cessation of war; Micah 4:3 and Isa. 2:4 are parallel prophetic traditions.
- Joel 3:10 (verbal): Uses the same striking image of turning swords into agricultural implements (beat swords into plowshares), echoing the theme of transforming instruments of war into tools for peace.
- Isaiah 11:6-9 (thematic): Vision of universal peace and the end of violence—natural enemies reconciled and no harm done—reinforces Micah’s theme of a future era without war.
- Zechariah 9:10 (allusion): Speaks of removing chariots and ceasing war, and of proclaiming peace to the nations, reflecting Micah’s motif of God’s future reign bringing international peace and disarmament.
Alternative generated candidates
- He will judge between many peoples and will rebuke mighty nations afar off; and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks; nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.
- He will judge between many peoples and decide disputes for strong nations far away; they shall beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks; nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.
Mic.4.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תחת: PREP
- גפנו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ותחת: CONJ+PREP
- תאנתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ואין: CONJ+PART,exist
- מחריד: VERB,piel,ptc,0,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- פי: NOUN,m,sg,construct
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Kings 4:25 (verbal): Uses the same language—'every man under his vine and under his fig tree'—to describe the peace and security of Israel in Solomon's reign, a close verbal and thematic parallel.
- 2 Chronicles 9:25 (structural): A retelling of the Solomon-era peace motif found in 1 Kings 4:25; repeats the image of dwelling safely under vine and fig tree, reinforcing the traditional peace-prosperity imagery.
- Zechariah 3:10 (verbal): Prophesies a future day when 'each of you will invite his neighbor under his vine and under his fig tree,' explicitly echoing Micah's peaceful imagery and promising restored security.
- Isaiah 2:4 (thematic): Shares the broader prophetic theme of universal peace and the end of fear—'they shall beat their swords into plowshares'—which frames the same eschatological hope that people will live undisturbed under their vine and fig tree.
Alternative generated candidates
- But each shall sit under his vine and under his fig tree, and there shall be no one to make them afraid; for the mouth of the LORD of hosts has spoken.
- Each shall sit under his vine and under his fig tree, and no one shall make them afraid, for the mouth of the LORD of hosts has spoken.
Mic.4.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- כל: DET
- העמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ילכו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בשם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלהיו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ואנחנו: CONJ+PRON,1,pl
- נלך: VERB,qal,impf,1,pl
- בשם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:1,pl
- לעולם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועד: CONJ+PREP
Parallels
- Isaiah 2:3 (verbal): Nearly identical language and idea: the nations come to learn the ways of the LORD and to walk in his name. Micah 4 (esp. 4:2–5) closely parallels Isa 2:2–4.
- Zechariah 8:23 (thematic): Foretells Gentiles seeking out Israelites, saying ‘we will go with you… for we have heard that God is with you,’ echoing the motif of nations turning to Yahweh and to God’s people.
- Joel 2:32 (allusion): Promises that ‘everyone who calls on the name of the LORD shall be saved’—resonant with Micah’s focus on peoples addressing and walking in the name of the LORD.
- Zephaniah 3:9 (thematic): Speaks of God restoring a pure language so that all may call on the name of the LORD—reflects the universal calling and worship of Yahweh emphasized in Micah.
Alternative generated candidates
- For all the peoples walk each in the name of his god; but we will walk in the name of the LORD our God forever and ever.
- For all the peoples walk, each in the name of his god, but we will walk in the name of the LORD our God forever and ever.
Mic.4.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ביום: PREP
- ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אספה: VERB,qal,impf,1,?,sg
- הצלעה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- והנדחה: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- אקבצה: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
- ואשר: CONJ+PRON,rel
- הרעתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
Parallels
- Micah 2:12 (verbal): Same book and close wording: God promises to 'assemble' and 'gather' a remnant/outcasts—repeating the motif of collecting the afflicted and rejected.
- Isaiah 27:12-13 (thematic): 'In that day' language and the image of blowing a trumpet to gather the outcasts of Israel echo Micah’s future-gathering of the lame and castoffs.
- Jeremiah 31:8-10 (thematic): Promises to bring back and gather the dispersed and needy of Israel—like Micah’s vow to assemble the outcast and those whom God has afflicted.
- Psalm 147:2 (verbal): Explicitly states that the Lord 'gathers the outcasts of Israel,' a concise verbal parallel to Micah’s promise to assemble the lame and the rejected.
Alternative generated candidates
- In that day, says the LORD, I will assemble the lame, and I will gather the outcast, and those I have afflicted.
- On that day, declares the LORD, I will gather the lame and collect the outcasts, and those I have afflicted.
Mic.4.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ושמתי: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הצלעה: DET+NOUN,f,sg,def
- לשארית: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- והנהלאה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לגוי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עצום: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- ומלך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- עליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
- בהר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- ציון: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- מעתה: ADV
- ועד: CONJ+PREP
- עולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 2:2-4 (verbal): Micah 4:1-3/4:7 closely parallels Isaiah 2:2-4: the mountain of the LORD exalted, nations streaming to it for instruction, and a resulting era of peace—shared language and structure.
- Psalm 2:6 (verbal): Psalm 2:6 declares 'I have set my king on Zion, my holy hill,' echoing Micah's proclamation that the LORD will be king on Mount Zion—direct royal-on-Zion motif and language.
- Zechariah 14:9 (thematic): Zechariah 14:9 states that the LORD will be king over the whole earth in that day; it parallels Micah's vision of the LORD's reign on Zion and the universal/eternal nature of that kingship.
- Revelation 11:15 (allusion): Revelation 11:15 announces that 'the kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord... and he shall reign for ever and ever,' an NT fulfillment/echo of Micah's proclamation of the LORD's everlasting reign.
Alternative generated candidates
- And I will make the lame a remnant, and the outcast a mighty nation; and the LORD will reign over them on Mount Zion from this time forth and for evermore.
- I will make the lame a remnant and the outcasts a strong nation; the LORD will reign over them on Mount Zion from this time and forevermore.
Mic.4.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואתה: CONJ+PRON,2,m,sg
- מגדל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עדר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עפל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- ציון: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- עדיך: PREP,2,m,sg
- תאתה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- ובאה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- הממשלה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- הראשנה: ADJ,f,sg,def
- ממלכת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- לבת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons
- ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 2:2-4 (verbal): Isaiah 2:2-4 and Micah 4:1–5 are closely parallel in wording and theme — both depict the exaltation of Zion as the center of the nations and a coming reign of justice and peace.
- Psalm 2:6 (thematic): Psalm 2:6 declares God has ‘set his king on Zion,’ echoing Micah’s promise that the former dominion/the kingdom will come to the daughter of Jerusalem (the restoration of royal rule centered on Zion).
- Ezekiel 37:24-25 (allusion): Ezekiel foretells the restoration of Davidic rule—‘David my servant shall be king over them’ and they shall have one shepherd—paralleling Micah’s expectation that former dominion/kingdom returns to Jerusalem.
- Amos 9:11-12 (allusion): Amos promises that God will ‘raise up the tabernacle of David’ so that its remnant may possess the nations — a related motif of restoring Davidic rulership and Jerusalem’s primacy reflected in Micah 4:8.
- Zechariah 8:3 (thematic): Zechariah speaks of God returning to dwell in Zion and Jerusalem being reestablished and honored, resonating with Micah’s vision of Zion’s exaltation and the coming of dominion to Jerusalem.
Alternative generated candidates
- And you, O tower of the flock, hill of the daughter of Zion—until you bring forth, you shall be a crown; the former dominion shall come, the kingdom shall come to the daughter of Jerusalem.
- And you, tower of the flock, hill of the daughter of Zion—unto you shall come the former dominion; the kingdom shall come to the daughter of Jerusalem.
Mic.4.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- עתה: ADV
- למה: ADV
- תריעי: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
- רע: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אין: PART,neg
- בך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
- אם: CONJ
- יועצך: NOUN,m,sg,poss,2,f,sg
- אבד: VERB,qal,infabs
- כי: CONJ
- החזיקך: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg+2,f,sg
- חיל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כיולדה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Micah 4:10 (structural): Immediate continuation—verse 10 develops the childbirth imagery and relief motif, calling Zion to travail and then promising deliverance and return (direct structural parallel within the same oracle).
- Isaiah 13:8 (verbal): Uses the same simile of a nation in agony 'like a woman in labor,' applying childbirth language to national suffering and impending judgment.
- Isaiah 26:17-18 (thematic): Speaks of the people's suffering as the pangs of a woman in labor and the hoped-for birth (deliverance), echoing Micah's use of labor-pain imagery for communal crisis and redemption.
- Isaiah 3:2-4 (thematic): Announces the removal of leaders, judges, and counselors—parallels Micah's lament about the absence of a king and the loss of counselors, a motif of leadership collapse before judgment.
- Jeremiah 4:31 (verbal): Jeremiah hears a cry 'as the cry of a woman in travail' over Jerusalem—another prophetic use of childbirth imagery to portray the city's distress and impending calamity.
Alternative generated candidates
- Now why do you cry aloud? Is there no king within you? Has your counselor perished, that pangs have seized you like a woman in travail?
- Now why do you cry aloud? Is there no king in you? Has your counselor perished, that pangs seize you like a woman in labor?
Mic.4.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- חולי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וגחי: CONJ+VERB,qal,imper,2,pl
- בת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- ציון: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- כיולדה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- עתה: ADV
- תצאי: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
- מקריה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ושכנת: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
- בשדה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ובאת: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- עד: PREP
- בבל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שם: ADV
- תנצלי: VERB,niphal,impf,2,f,sg
- שם: ADV
- יגאלך: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg+PRON,2,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מכף: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- איביך: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 66:7-9 (verbal): Uses the same childbirth imagery for Zion's travail and sudden birth/delivery—Zion 'bringing forth' and being saved, closely echoing 'daughter of Zion... like a woman in childbirth.'
- Jeremiah 31:15-17 (thematic): Mother‑figure (Rachel/Zion) weeping for exiled children but followed by a promise of rescue and restoration from the hand of the enemy—parallels lament + future deliverance.
- Psalm 137:1-4 (thematic): Evokes the Babylonian exile setting (weeping by the rivers of Babylon); shares the mournful atmosphere of leaving the city and living in a foreign land.
- Jeremiah 29:10-14 (thematic): Explicit promise of return and restoration after the Babylonian exile—connects Micah’s movement to Babylon with the wider prophetic theme that God will redeem/restore his people thereafter.
Alternative generated candidates
- Writhe and labor, daughter of Zion, like a woman in birth-pangs; for now you shall go forth from the city and dwell in the field, and you shall go even to Babylon. There you shall be rescued; there the LORD will redeem you from the hand of your enemies.
- Be in pain and travail, O daughter of Zion, like a woman bearing; for now you shall go forth from the city and dwell in the open country, and you shall go even to Babylon. There you shall be rescued; there the LORD will redeem you from the hand of your enemies.
Mic.4.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ועתה: CONJ
- נאספו: VERB,niphal,perf,3,pl
- עליך: PREP+2ms
- גוים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- רבים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- האמרים: VERB,qal,ptcp,0,m,pl
- תחנף: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- ותחז: VERB,qal,impf/juss,3,f,sg
- בציון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עינינו: NOUN,f,pl,poss_1pl
Parallels
- Psalm 79:1 (thematic): Describes nations coming into God's inheritance and defiling the sanctuary—parallels Micah's theme of foreign nations assembled to profane Zion.
- Psalm 137:7 (verbal): Accuses Edom of saying ‘Raze it, raze it’ over Jerusalem—language and taunting intent closely echo nations' call to defile and gaze on Zion in Micah 4:11.
- Joel 3:2–3 (thematic): Speaks of God gathering the nations for judgment because they treated Israel with contempt (casting lots, selling sons), paralleling the image of nations assembling to mistreat and gloat over Zion.
- Zechariah 14:2 (structural): Foretells all nations being gathered against Jerusalem to wage war and plunder the city—shares the structural motif of surrounding nations united against Zion.
- Obadiah 1:11–12 (allusion): Condemns Edom for standing aside and rejoicing over Judah’s fall—echoes the reproach of nations who gloat at and seek to defile Zion in Micah 4:11.
Alternative generated candidates
- Now many nations have gathered against you, saying, “Let her be profaned, let our eyes gaze upon Zion.”
- Now many nations are gathered against you, saying, “Let her be profaned; let our eyes gaze upon Zion.”
Mic.4.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והמה: PRON,3,m,pl
- לא: PART_NEG
- ידעו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- מחשבות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ולא: CONJ
- הבינו: VERB,hif,perf,3,m,pl
- עצתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3ms
- כי: CONJ
- קבצם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- כעמיר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- גרנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Isaiah 40:13 (verbal): Expresses the same theme of human inability to know or counsel the mind/thoughts of the LORD (who can direct or be the LORD's counselor).
- Romans 11:34 (quotation): Paul cites the Old Testament question about who has known the mind of the Lord — directly echoes the idea that God's counsel is unknowable. (Echoes Isaiah 40:13.)
- Job 11:7 (thematic): Rhetorical challenge about searching out the deep things of God — parallels Micah's claim that people do not know God's thoughts or understand his counsel.
- Luke 3:17 (thematic): Uses harvest/gathering imagery of judgment ('gather the wheat into his barn') similar to Micah's image of God gathering people like sheaves to the threshing floor.
Alternative generated candidates
- But they do not know the thoughts of the LORD, nor do they understand his counsel; for he has gathered them as sheaves to the threshing floor.
- They do not know the thoughts of the LORD, nor do they understand his counsel; for he will gather them like sheaves to the threshing floor.
Mic.4.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- קומי: VERB,qal,imp,2,f,sg
- ודושי: VERB,qal,imp,2,f,sg
- בת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- ציון: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- קרנך: NOUN,f,sg,abs+2,m,sg
- אשים: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
- ברזל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ופרסתיך: NOUN,f,sg,abs,2ms
- אשים: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
- נחושה: ADJ,f,sg
- והדקות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- עמים: NOUN,pl,m,abs
- רבים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- והחרמתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- בצעם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,3mp
- וחילם: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3mp
- לאדון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כל: DET
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Isaiah 41:15 (verbal): Uses the image of a new threshing instrument that tramples and crushes—parallel to Micah’s command to ‘rise and thresh’ and the picture of divine empowerment to thresh nations.
- Psalm 2:9 (thematic): Speaks of ruling with an iron rod and dashing nations in pieces—echoes Micah’s ‘I will make your horn iron…you shall beat in pieces many peoples’ (divine grant of force to crush enemies).
- Deuteronomy 33:17 (verbal): Describes the tribe’s horns as instruments of pushing peoples to the ends of the earth—similar horn imagery conveying strength and dominion found in Micah 4:13.
- Isaiah 60:5,11 (thematic): Portrays nations bringing wealth and tribute to Zion so that the city receives the nations’ riches—parallels Micah’s statement that the spoil/gain of defeated peoples will be devoted to the LORD and to Zion.
Alternative generated candidates
- Arise and thresh, daughter of Zion, for I will make your horn iron and your hoofs bronze; you shall crush many peoples, and I will devote their spoil to the LORD and their wealth to the Lord of all the earth.
- Arise and thresh, O daughter of Zion, for I will make your horn of iron and your hoofs of bronze; you shall crush many peoples, and I will dedicate their spoil to the LORD, their wealth to the Lord of all the earth.
And it shall come to pass in the latter days: the mountain of the house of the LORD shall be established as the chief of the mountains, and shall be exalted above the hills; and peoples shall stream to it.
Many nations shall come and say, “Come, let us go up to the mountain of the LORD, to the house of the God of Jacob; he will teach us his ways, and we will walk in his paths.” For from Zion shall go forth the law, and the word of the LORD from Jerusalem.
He will judge between many peoples and decide disputes for strong nations far away; and they shall beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks; nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war anymore.
Each shall sit under his vine and under his fig tree, and no one shall make them afraid; for the mouth of the LORD of hosts has spoken.
For all the nations shall walk, each in the name of its god; but we will walk in the name of the LORD our God forever and ever.
In that day, says the LORD, I will gather the lame and assemble the outcast, and those whom I have afflicted.
I will make the lame a remnant, and the outcasts a mighty nation; and the LORD will reign over them on Mount Zion from this time onward and forever. And you, O tower of the flock, O hill of the daughter of Zion—to you shall it come: the former dominion shall return; the kingdom shall come to the daughter of Jerusalem. Now why do you cry aloud, O daughter of Zion? Is there no king within you? Has your counselor perished, that pangs seize you like a woman in labor?
Be in anguish and labor, O daughter of Zion, like a woman in travail; for now you shall go forth from the city and dwell in the field, and you shall go even to Babylon. There you shall be saved; there the LORD will redeem you from the hand of your enemies. Now many nations are gathered against you, saying, “Let her be defiled, let our eyes gloat over Zion.” But they do not know the thoughts of the LORD, nor understand his counsel; for he has gathered them like sheaves to the threshing floor.
Arise and thresh, O daughter of Zion, for I will make your horn iron and your hoofs bronze; you shall thresh many peoples, and I will dedicate their spoil to the LORD, and their wealth to the Lord of all the earth.