Gatekeepers and Temple Servants in Jerusalem
1 Chronicles 9:35-44
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1 C.9.35 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ובגבעון: CONJ+PREP,NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- אבי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- גבעון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יעיאל: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ושם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשתו: NOUN,f,sg,cs+3,m,sg
- מעכה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 8:29 (verbal): Almost identical genealogical entry in Chronicles listing ‘Abi‑Gibeon, Jeiel’ and his wife Maachah; Chronicles repeats and rearranges these family lists.
- Joshua 9:3–27 (thematic): Narrative about the Gibeonites and their treaty with Israel; highlights Gibeon as an inhabited city whose residents (like Abi of Gibeon) have a distinct communal identity.
- 1 Kings 3:4 (thematic): Solomon goes to Gibeon to sacrifice because the tent of meeting was there—shows Gibeon’s religious importance and context for inhabitants mentioned in genealogies.
- 2 Chronicles 11:20 (allusion): Mentions a Maachah (wife of Rehoboam, mother of Abijah); echoes the personal name Maachah found here, indicating the recurrence of this name in Judahite family lines.
Alternative generated candidates
- And in Gibeon dwelt Abie‑Gibeon, Jeiel; and the name of his wife was Maachah.
- In Gibeon dwelt Abie‑Gibeon, Jeiel; and the name of his wife was Maacah.
1 C.9.36 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ובנו: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- הבכור: NOUN,m,sg,def
- עבדון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וצור: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וקיש: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ובעל: CONJ+NOUN,prop,m,sg
- ונר: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ונדב: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 8:30 (verbal): Direct repetition of the same genealogical list (Abdon, Zur, Kish, Baal, Ner, Nadab) in the parallel Benjaminite genealogy.
- 1 Chronicles 9:35 (structural): Adjacent verse within the same chapter that forms part of the same roster of Benjaminite descendants; the names here are part of the repeated genealogical sequence.
- 1 Samuel 9:1 (thematic): Mentions Kish (one of the names in 1 Chr 9:36) as a Benjamite and father of Saul, connecting this genealogical line to the narrative tradition about Saul's family.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the firstborn of his sons: Abdon, and Zur, and Kish, and Baal, and Ner, and Nadab.
- And his firstborn was Abdon, and Zur, and Kish, and Baal, and Ner, and Nadab.
1 C.9.37 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וגדור: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואחיו: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:3,m,sg
- וזכריה: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ומקלות: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 26:15-19 (verbal): Chronicles repeats the roster of temple gatekeepers; these verses contain the same names and family groupings (Gedor and his kin) in a parallel gatekeeper list.
- 1 Chronicles 9:34-36 (structural): Immediate context within the same chapter—adjacent verses enumerate the gatekeepers and their brethren, showing this verse as part of the larger gatekeeper roster.
- Ezra 2:42-58 (structural): Ezra's returnee lists preserve the administrative and temple-servant rosters (priests, Levites, gatekeepers, Nethinim), paralleling Chronicles' cataloguing of gatekeeper families.
- Nehemiah 7:46-58 (thematic): Nehemiah’s registry reproduces the returned community’s organization, including gatekeepers and temple servants, providing a parallel account to Chronicles’ list of gatekeeper families.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Gedor and his brothers, and Zechariah and Mikloth.
- Gedor and his brethren; Zechariah and Mikloth.
1 C.9.38 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ומקלות: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- הוליד: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- שמאם: CONJ+PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- ואף: CONJ+ADV
- הם: PRON,personal,3,m,pl
- נגד: PREP
- אחיהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs,suff,3,m,pl
- ישבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- בירושלם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עם: PREP
- אחיהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs,suff,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Ezra 2:40-42 (verbal): Chronicles' list of families and their residence in Jerusalem closely parallels the returnee genealogies in Ezra 2; many names and the formula 'they dwelt in Jerusalem with their brethren' reflect direct literary dependence.
- Nehemiah 7:42-44 (verbal): Nehemiah 7 reproduces the Ezra 2 list (and is a source for Chronicles); the same groups and settlement statements occur here, showing the same administrative/genealogical tradition.
- Nehemiah 11:3-12 (thematic): This passage describes the resettlement of Jerusalem and the assignment of households to live in the city—the same theme of residents of Jerusalem and their kinship groupings found in 1 Chronicles 9:38.
- 1 Chronicles 9:35-37 (structural): Immediate context within the same chapter lists the neighboring families and gatekeepers; verses 35–37 contain the same cataloguing pattern and shared wording about dwelling 'in Jerusalem with their brethren.'
Alternative generated candidates
- And Mikloth became the father of Shimeam; and they too dwelt with their brothers in Jerusalem, with their kinsmen.
- And Mikloth begot Shimea; and they likewise dwelt in Jerusalem opposite their brethren, with their brethren.
1 C.9.39 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ונר: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- הוליד: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- קיש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וקיש: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הוליד: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- שאול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושאול: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הוליד: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- יהונתן: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- מלכי: NOUN,pl,m,cons
- שוע: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- אבינדב: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- אשבעל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Chr.8.33-34 (quotation): Parallel genealogical list in Chronicles: Ner → Kish → Saul → Jonathan, Malchi-shua (Malchi-shua/Malchi‑shuah), Abinadab, and Eshbaal—essentially the same wording in the parallel pedigree.
- 1 Sam.9.1-2 (verbal): Introduces Kish as the father of Saul (Benjamite, son of Abiel in Samuel), providing the same father–son link (Kish → Saul) found in the Chronicles genealogy.
- 1 Sam.14.49 (verbal): Gives a list of Saul’s sons (Jonathan, Ishvi/Ishui, and Malchi‑shua), overlapping with 1 Chr.9:39 in naming Jonathan and Malchi‑shua though the roster and spellings vary.
- 1 Sam.31.2 (thematic): Records the deaths at Gilboa of Saul’s sons Jonathan, Abinadab, and Malchi‑shua—corroborating the existence and identities of sons named in the Chronicles list.
- 2 Sam.2.8-10 (allusion): Refers to Ish‑bosheth (called Eshbaal in Chronicles), a son of Saul who became king over Israel’s tribes after Saul’s death—connecting to the Eshbaal named among Saul’s sons in 1 Chr.9:39.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Ner fathered Kish; and Kish fathered Saul; and Saul fathered Jonathan, Malchishua, Abinadab, and Esh‑Baal.
- And Ner begot Kish; and Kish begot Saul; and Saul begot Jonathan, Malchi‑shua, Abinadab, and Esh‑baal.
1 C.9.40 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ובן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהונתן: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מריב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בעל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ומרי: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בעל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הוליד: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- מיכה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 8:34 (verbal): Parallel genealogy in ch. 8 listing Jonathan → Merib‑baal → Micah; largely the same names and sequence repeated in 1 Chr 9.
- 1 Chronicles 9:39 (structural): Adjacent verse in the same genealogical sequence; part of the same list of Benjaminite descendants and household lines.
- 2 Samuel 4:4 (allusion): Refers to Mephibosheth (the name Merib‑baal/Mephibosheth is used for Jonathan’s son in other traditions), showing a name‑variant and family link to Jonathan and Saul.
- 2 Samuel 9:6 (thematic): Narrative concerning Mephibosheth, son of Jonathan; thematically connected by the Joel/Jonathan‑Saul family line and David’s dealings with Jonathan’s descendants.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the son of Jonathan was Merib‑baal; and Merib‑baal fathered Micah.
- And the son of Jonathan was Merib‑baal; and Merib‑baal begot Micah.
1 C.9.41 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ובני: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- מיכה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פיתון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ומלך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ותחרע: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 9:19-34 (structural): Immediate context: the same chapter contains the full roster of gatekeepers and Levites of which v.41 is a single line — the verse is part of this larger genealogical/administrative list.
- 1 Chronicles 26:1-19 (thematic): A later chorological/administrative list in Chronicles detailing the divisions and names of gatekeepers; parallels 1 Chr 9 in function and in some overlapping family names.
- Ezra 2:43-58 (allusion): Ezra's register of temple servants, gatekeepers and related families corresponds to the postexilic lists reflected in 1 Chr 9 — many names and groupings derive from the same returnee/temple-serving tradition.
- Nehemiah 7:40-60 (thematic): Nehemiah's census/list of temple servants, Nethinim and gatekeepers parallels the material in 1 Chr 9, showing the same occupational families and a common genealogical tradition used by the Chronicler.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the sons of Micah: Pithon, Melech, and Tarea.
- And the sons of Micah: Pithon, Melech, and Tarea.
1 C.9.42 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואחז: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הוליד: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- יערה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ויערה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הוליד: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- עלמת: NOUN,prop,f,sg
- ואת: CONJ
- עזמות: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- זמרי: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- וזמרי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הוליד: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- מוצא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 8:36 (verbal): Near-verbatim parallel: the same sequence of names (Ehash/ Ahaz?, Je'arah, Alemeth, Azmaveth, Zimri, Moza) appears here in the earlier Benjamin genealogy.
- 1 Chronicles 8:1-40 (structural): Chapter 8 contains the primary genealogy of Benjamin from which much of 1 Chronicles 9 is derived; the lists and family lines correspond to the material in 9:42.
- 1 Chronicles 9:1-44 (structural): Chapter 9 largely repeats and reorganizes the Benjamite genealogical material found in chapter 8; verse 9:42 is part of this repeated genealogy and fits the chapter’s overall structural parallel to ch. 8.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Ahaz fathered Jaareah; and Jaareah fathered Alemeth, and Azmaveth, and Zimri; and Zimri fathered Moza.
- And Ahaz begot Jerah; and Jerah begot Alemeth and Azmoth and Zimri; and Zimri begot Moza.
1 C.9.43 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ומוצא: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הוליד: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- בנעא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ורפיה: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- אלעשה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- אצל: PREP
- בנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 9:41-44 (verbal): Immediate continuation of the same Jerusalem-residents genealogy; repeats the same sequence of names and family connections as verse 9:43 (same genealogical line).
- 1 Chronicles 8:29-40 (structural): Parallel Benjamite genealogies elsewhere in Chronicles — the book repeats and reshuffles clan lists (same family‑listing genre and some overlapping personal names/heads).
- Nehemiah 11:31-36 (thematic): Lists of inhabitants and leaders settled in Jerusalem after the exile; parallels 1 Chr 9’s function of registering families and house‑holders in the city.
- Ezra 2:29-35 (thematic): Returnee and household lists in Ezra parallel Chronicles’ genealogical registers — both preserve names and family lines connected with Jerusalem and the restored community.
- 2 Samuel 23:20-23 (allusion): Contains the well‑known figure Benaiah (son of Jehoiada) among David’s mighty men; shows the recurrence of the personal name Benaiah elsewhere in the biblical tradition, though not necessarily the same individual as in 1 Chr 9:43.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Moza fathered Binea; Rephaiah his son, Eleasah his son, and Azel his son.
- And Moza begot Binea, the father of Rephaiah, the father of Eleasah, the father of Azel.
1 C.9.44 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולאצל: CONJ+NEG+PREP
- ששה: NUM,card,m,pl
- בנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ואלה: CONJ+DEM,pl,abs
- שמותם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp
- עזריקם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בכרו: NOUN,3,m,sg,abs
- וישמעאל: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושעריה: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועבדיה: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,f,sg
- וחנן: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- אצל: PREP
Parallels
- Nehemiah 11:22 (thematic): Nehemiah 11 contains a parallel list of families and men who lived in Jerusalem and served at the gates; Chronicles 9:44 corresponds thematically to these post‑exilic household/gatekeeper assignments.
- Ezra 2:40-42 (structural): Ezra 2 presents a census of returnees including priests, Levites and gatekeepers; structurally it parallels 1 Chronicles 9’s cataloging of temple‑related families and descendants (the same category of post‑exilic lists).
- 1 Chronicles 26:8-15 (verbal): 1 Chronicles 26 lists gatekeepers and their sons by name; it overlaps in function and in some names with the temple/gatekeeper families enumerated in 1 Chronicles 9:44.
- 1 Chronicles 8:1-40 (thematic): Chapter 8 gives the genealogy of Benjamin; 1 Chronicles 9:44 records sons of Ezel (a Benjaminite family) and thus parallels the broader Benjaminite genealogical material in chapter 8.
Alternative generated candidates
- And to Azel were six sons; and their names: Azrikam his firstborn, Ishmael, Sheariah, Obadiah, and Hanan—these are the sons of Azel.
- And to Azel were six sons; and these are their names: Azrikam his firstborn, IshmaEl, Shear‑iah, Obadiah, Hanan—these are the sons of Azel.
And in Gibeon dwelt Abi‑Gibeon—Jeiel—and his wife Maacah was there. And his firstborn was Abdon; and Zur, and Kish, and Baal, and Ner, and Nadab. And Gedor and his brothers; Zechariah and Miklot. And Miklot begot Shimeam; and they too dwelt in Jerusalem, with their kinsmen. And Ner begot Kish; Kish begot Saul; and Saul begot Jonathan, and Malkishua, and Abinadab, and Esh‑baal. And the son of Jonathan was Merib‑baal; and Merib‑baal begot Micah. And the sons of Micah were Pithon, Melech, and Tachrea. And Ahaz begot Jaareah; Jaareah begot Alemeth, Azmaveth, and Zimri; and Zimri begot Moza. And Moza begot Binea; Rephaiah his son; Eleasah his son; Azel his son. And to Azel were born six sons—these are their names: Azrikam, Becher, Ishmael, Sheariah, Obadiah, and Hanan; these are the sons of Azel.