Daniel's Prayer for Jerusalem
Daniel 9:1-19
Dan.9.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בשנת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons
- אחת: NUM,f,sg
- לדריוש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחשורוש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מזרע: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מדי: PREP
- אשר: PRON,rel
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- על: PREP
- מלכות: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כשדים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Dan.5:31 (verbal): Names Darius the Mede as receiving the kingdom—same figure and transition that anchors Daniel 9:1's dating.
- Dan.6:28 (verbal): Speaks of Daniel prospering under Darius (and Cyrus), continuing the chronological framework begun in Daniel 9:1.
- Esther 1:1 (allusion): Uses the name Ahasuerus (Achashverosh); Daniel 9:1 calls Darius 'son of Ahasuerus,' linking the book's dating language to names in the Persian imperial tradition.
- Isaiah 13:17 (thematic): Prophesies that the Medes will be stirred up against Babylon—provides prophetic background for Medes' ascendancy mentioned in Daniel 9:1.
- Jeremiah 25:12 (thematic): Foretells the seventy years of Babylonian dominance; Daniel 9 (opening date in 9:1) frames the prayer in light of that seventy‑year timeline.
Alternative generated candidates
- In the first year of Darius the son of Ahasuerus, of the lineage of the Medes, who was made king over the kingdom of the Chaldeans,
- In the first year of Darius the son of Ahasuerus, of the seed of the Medes, who was made king over the realm of the Chaldeans,
Dan.9.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בשנת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons
- אחת: NUM,f,sg
- למלכו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- דניאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בינתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,sg
- בספרים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מספר: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg
- השנים: NOUN,f,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- ירמיה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הנביא: NOUN,m,sg,def
- למלאות: INF,qal
- לחרבות: PREP
- ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שבעים: NUM,card,m,pl
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jer.25:11-12 (quotation): Explicit prophecy that Judah/Jerusalem will serve Babylon for seventy years—this is the prophecy Daniel says he read and used to calculate the seventy years.
- Jer.29:10 (quotation): God's promise that after seventy years Babylonian exile He will restore Israel—directly parallels the 'seventy years' fulfillment Daniel refers to.
- 2 Chron.36:20-21 (verbal): Connects the Babylonian exile and its duration to Jeremiah's word (’to fulfill the word of the LORD by the mouth of Jeremiah’), echoing Daniel’s appeal to Jeremiah’s prophecy about the desolations.
- Ezra 1:1 (structural): Records the decree in the (first) year of Cyrus that begins the fulfillment/return promised through Jeremiah—parallels Daniel’s dating by a king’s first year and the theme of the seventy‑year period reaching its end.
Alternative generated candidates
- in the first year of his reign I, Daniel, understood by the books the number of the years of which the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah the prophet, that the desolations of Jerusalem would be fulfilled—seventy years.
- in the first year of his reign I, Daniel, understood from the books the number of the years that the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah the prophet concerning the completion of the desolations of Jerusalem—seventy years.
Dan.9.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואתנה: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- אל: NEG
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לבקש: PREP+VERB,qal,infc
- תפלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ותחנונים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בצום: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושק: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואפר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 1:4 (thematic): Nehemiah responds to Israel's condition with mourning, fasting and prayer—close in context and tone to Daniel’s setting of the face to seek God through fasting and supplication.
- Ezra 8:21-23 (verbal): Ezra proclaims a fast to humble themselves and seek God's protection and favor—parallels Daniel’s use of fasting and prayer to seek divine help.
- Jonah 3:5-10 (verbal): The people of Nineveh proclaim a fast and put on sackcloth in repentance; their corporate fasting and sackcloth/ashes imagery parallels Daniel’s penitential practice.
- Esther 4:3 (verbal): Jews in Susa mourn, fast, and put on sackcloth and ashes—uses the same ritual elements of fasting, sackcloth and ashes found in Daniel 9:3.
- Joel 2:12-13 (thematic): A prophetic call to return to the LORD with fasting, weeping and mourning—theologically parallels Daniel’s plea of repentance and seeking God with fasting and supplication.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then I turned my face to the LORD God, to seek prayer and supplication by fasting, sackcloth and ashes.
- Then I turned my face to the Lord God, to seek by prayer and supplication, with fasting, sackcloth, and ashes.
Dan.9.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואתפללה: VERB,hitpael,perf,1,m,sg
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ואתודה: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,sg
- ואמרה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- אנא: PART
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- האל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הגדול: ADJ,m,sg,def
- והנורא: ADJ,m,sg,def
- שמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הברית: NOUN,f,sg,def
- והחסד: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לאהביו: VERB,qal,ptcp,3,m,pl
- ולשמרי: CONJ+PREP+PTC,qal,mp,pl,suff1s
- מצותיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs,poss:3,m,sg
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 7:9 (verbal): Near-verbatim legal formula: God is described as faithful/true who 'keeps covenant and steadfast love' with those who love him and keep his commandments, echoing Daniel's language.
- Exodus 34:6-7 (verbal): Divine self-declaration of God's character—merciful, gracious, covenant-keeping—which provides the theological background for Daniel's address to 'the great and terrible God' who preserves covenant and mercy.
- Nehemiah 1:5-6 (verbal): Nehemiah's opening confession uses almost the same phrasing ('O Lord God of heaven, the great and awesome God, who keeps covenant and steadfast love'), a close parallel in wording, tone, and communal confession.
- Psalm 103:8 (thematic): Describes God's merciful, gracious character and steadfast love—the thematic portrait of God invoked by Daniel when appealing to God's covenantal mercy.
Alternative generated candidates
- I prayed to the LORD my God and confessed and said: O Lord, great and awesome God, who keeps covenant and steadfast love with those who love you and keep your commandments,
- I prayed to the LORD my God and confessed, and said, “O Lord, great and awesome God, who keeps covenant and steadfast love with those who love you and keep your commandments,
Dan.9.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- חטאנו: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,pl
- ועוינו: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,pl
- הרשענו: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,pl
- ומרדנו: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,pl
- וסור: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ממצותך: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs,2,ms
- וממשפטיך: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs,suf:2ms
Parallels
- Dan.9.11 (verbal): Same prayer/section; repeats the communal confession language about sin and transgression—connects Daniel’s admission here with the fuller statement that 'all Israel have transgressed thy law.'
- Nehemiah 1:6 (verbal): Nehemiah’s prayer uses the formula 'we have sinned, we and our fathers' and appeals for forgiveness—close verbal and confessional parallel in communal repentance before God.
- Nehemiah 9:2-3 (thematic): Public, corporate confession and repentance where the people stand, fast, and 'confess their sins and the iniquities of their fathers'—same communal repentance motif as Daniel 9:5.
- Psalm 106:6 (verbal): The psalmist confesses 'we have sinned, we have done wickedly' (and implicates the ancestors), echoing the language and corporate self-accusation found in Daniel 9:5.
- Ezra 9:6 (thematic): Ezra’s lament and confession ('O my God...we have trespassed against thee') parallels Daniel’s admission of collective sin and turning away from God's commandments, seeking mercy.
Alternative generated candidates
- we have sinned and done wickedly, and acted corruptly and rebelled, and turned aside from your commandments and your ordinances.
- we have sinned and done wickedly, and have acted perversely and turned aside from your commandments and your ordinances.
Dan.9.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולא: CONJ
- שמענו: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,pl
- אל: NEG
- עבדיך: NOUN,m,pl,abs,2ms
- הנביאים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- דברו: INF,qal,inf+3ms
- בשמך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON:2ms
- אל: NEG
- מלכינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+1,pl
- שרינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,1cp
- ואבתינו: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs+1,pl
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- כל: DET
- עם: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 36:15-16 (verbal): Describes God sending messengers/prophets to the people and their leaders, who mocked and persecuted them—closely parallels Daniel’s confession that the people did not heed God’s servants the prophets.
- Jeremiah 25:4-6 (verbal): Jeremiah recounts that from early years God sent prophets to call the nation to repentance but they would not listen—echoes Daniel’s complaint about ignoring prophets sent in God’s name.
- Nehemiah 9:26 (thematic): In a covenantal confession Nehemiah recounts how the people were disobedient, cast God’s law behind their backs, and killed the prophets sent to turn them—parallels Daniel’s admission of failing to heed God’s servants.
- 2 Kings 17:13-14 (thematic): Sums up how the LORD repeatedly warned Israel by every prophet and seer to turn from evil, but they would not listen—themewise parallel to Daniel’s charge that leaders and people ignored God’s prophets.
Alternative generated candidates
- We have not listened to your servants the prophets, who spoke in your name to our kings, our princes, our fathers, and to all the people of the land.
- We have not obeyed your servants the prophets, who spoke in your name to our kings, our princes, our fathers, and to all the people of the land.
Dan.9.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- הצדקה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ולנו: CONJ+PREP,suff-1pl
- בשת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הפנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- כיום: ADV
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- לאיש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- וליושבי: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ולכל: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הקרבים: ADJ,m,pl,def
- והרחקים: CONJ+ADJ,m,pl,def
- בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הארצות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- הדחתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,mp
- שם: ADV
- במעלם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,poss_3mp
- אשר: PRON,rel
- מעלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,mp
- בך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
Parallels
- Jeremiah 23:6 (verbal): Shares the distinctive divine title YHWH/Tzidkenu (“The LORD our Righteousness”), echoing Daniel’s address to God as the source of righteousness.
- Ezra 9:7 (thematic): Confessional language about shame and inability to lift one’s face before God ("I am ashamed and blush to lift up my face to thee"), paralleling Daniel’s lament about humiliation and disgrace.
- Deuteronomy 28:64 (structural): Pronouncement that the LORD will scatter Israel among the nations for disobedience—background law/curse behind Daniel’s explanation that the people were driven into other lands for their transgression.
- 2 Chronicles 36:20–21 (thematic): Narrative account of Judah’s exile to Babylon because of sin, providing the historical context for Daniel’s confession that inhabitants of Jerusalem and Judah were driven away for their offenses.
- Psalm 44:13–15 (thematic): Communal lament over national disgrace and reproach among the nations ("You have made us a reproach to our neighbors…"), resonating with Daniel’s theme of corporate shame before God and the nations.
Alternative generated candidates
- O Lord, righteousness belongs to you, but to us comes shame of face, to the men of Judah, to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and to all Israel, near and far, wherever you have driven them because of their transgression that they committed against you.
- O LORD, to you belongs righteousness, but to us open shame of face, as at this day—for the men of Judah, for the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and for all Israel, near and far, wherever you have driven them because of their unfaithfulness that they have committed against you.
Dan.9.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לנו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
- בשת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הפנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- למלכינו: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs,suff:1cp
- לשרינו: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs,suff:1cp
- ולאבתינו: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs,suff:1cp
- אשר: PRON,rel
- חטאנו: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,pl
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
Parallels
- Ezra 9:6 (verbal): Ezra confesses communal guilt with explicit language of shame and inability to lift the face before God—parallels Daniel’s ‘shame of face’ and admission ‘we have sinned’.
- Nehemiah 1:6 (thematic): Nehemiah offers a corporate confession (‘we have sinned against thee’) on behalf of the people and their leaders/families, echoing Daniel’s communal penitential tone.
- Nehemiah 9:2-3 (thematic): The public liturgical confession lists the community’s sins and the iniquities of their fathers—closely paralleling Daniel’s focus on collective guilt including leaders and ancestors.
- Isaiah 64:5-7 (thematic): A communal lament that acknowledges national uncleanness and iniquity before God, expressing shame and helplessness like Daniel’s corporate confession.
- Jeremiah 14:7 (verbal): Jeremiah pleads that their iniquities testify against them and admits ‘we have sinned against thee,’ echoing the direct admission of sin and appeal to God found in Daniel 9:8.
Alternative generated candidates
- O Lord, to us belongs disgrace to our kings, to our princes, and to our fathers, because we have sinned against you.
- To our kings, our princes, and our fathers belongs the reproach, for we have sinned against you.
Dan.9.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לאדני: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,m,poss1s
- אלהינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:1,pl
- הרחמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- והסלחות: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,def
- כי: CONJ
- מרדנו: VERB,qal,perf,1,pl
- בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Nehemiah 9:17 (verbal): Uses very similar language about God being 'ready to forgive' and 'merciful, gracious,' in the context of confession for Israel's rebellion—close verbal and contextual parallel.
- Numbers 14:18 (verbal): Contains the covenantal formula that the LORD is 'slow to anger and abounding in steadfast love, forgiving iniquity,' echoing the emphasis on God's mercy and willingness to pardon sin.
- Psalm 86:5 (thematic): Affirms that the LORD is merciful and ready to forgive those who call on him, matching Daniel's appeal to God's mercies and forgiveness in response to Israel's sin.
- Micah 7:18 (thematic): Celebrates God's uniqueness in pardoning iniquity and passing over transgression—theologically parallels Daniel's claim that mercy and forgiveness belong to God.
- Isaiah 55:7 (thematic): Promises abundant pardon for those who repent and return to the LORD, connecting the confession of rebellion in Daniel with the hope of divine forgiveness.
Alternative generated candidates
- To the LORD our God belong mercies and forgivenesses, for we have rebelled against him.
- To the LORD our God belong mercy and forgiveness, for we have rebelled against him.
Dan.9.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולא: CONJ
- שמענו: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,pl
- בקול: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:1,pl
- ללכת: VERB,qal,inf
- בתורתיו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,construct+PRON,3,ms
- אשר: PRON,rel
- נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לפנינו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
- ביד: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עבדיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3ms
- הנביאים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- Jer.7:25-26 (quotation): Jeremiah recounts virtually the same charge: God sent 'all my servants the prophets' but the people would not listen—same language and theme of prophetic warning ignored.
- 2 Chron.36:15-16 (thematic): Describes how the LORD repeatedly sent messengers/prophets to Israel, but they mocked and refused to heed them—explains prophetic rejection leading to judgment, paralleling Daniel’s confession.
- Neh.9:26-29 (verbal): The public confession lists prophets sent and the people’s disobedience—uses similar wording about rejecting God’s servants and abandoning his law, echoing Daniel’s corporate confession.
- Zech.1:4-6 (allusion): Calls Israel not to be like their fathers who ignored earlier prophets; structurally and thematically it echoes the pattern of prophetic exhortation and ancestral disobedience found in Daniel 9:10.
- Ps.78:8-11 (thematic): Psalm laments that former generations refused to obey God and forgot his works—reflects the same theme of communal failure to heed divine instruction delivered through God’s witnesses.
Alternative generated candidates
- We have not obeyed the voice of the LORD our God, to walk in his laws, which he set before us by his servants the prophets.
- We have not obeyed the voice of the LORD our God to walk in his laws that he set before us by his servants the prophets.
Dan.9.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עברו: VERB,qal,imp,2,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- תורתך: NOUN,f,sg,cons+2ms
- וסור: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- לבלתי: PART,neg
- שמוע: VERB,qal,infc
- בקלך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+2ms
- ותתך: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עלינו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
- האלה: DEM,pl
- והשבעה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- כתובה: ADJ,ptcp,qal,f,sg
- בתורת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,const
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- עבד: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
- כי: CONJ
- חטאנו: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,pl
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 28:15 (verbal): Explicit statement that if Israel disobeys God's law the curses written in the law will come upon them—direct background for Daniel's claim that Israel transgressed the law and therefore suffers the curse.
- Deuteronomy 28:45-46 (thematic): Speaks of the curses that will pursue Israel continually if they do not obey, echoing Daniel's language about the curse and oath written in the law of Moses as the consequence of national sin.
- Leviticus 26:14-17 (verbal): Lists the penalties God will bring if Israel will not heed his statutes (sickness, defeat, eating the flesh of their sons), paralleling Daniel's appeal that exile and calamity are the result of covenant disobedience recorded in Mosaic law.
- Nehemiah 9:26-30 (structural): Confessional recounting in the postexilic assembly that Israel sinned against God and that punishment (including exile) followed according to the covenant, mirroring Daniel's corporate confession that the nation's transgression activated the curses of Moses.
- 2 Chronicles 36:15-21 (thematic): Describes Judah's persistent sin, God's warnings, and the resulting exile to Babylon—framing the exile as fulfillment of covenant judgment, which Daniel invokes as the 'curse and oath' written in Moses' law.
Alternative generated candidates
- All Israel has transgressed your law and turned aside, so that they have refused to obey your voice. Therefore the curse and the oath that are written in the law of Moses the servant of God have been poured out upon us, because we sinned against him.
- And all Israel has transgressed your law and turned aside, so that they do not obey your voice; therefore the curse and the oath that are written in the law of Moses the servant of God have been poured out upon us, because we have sinned against him.
Dan.9.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויקם: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- דברו: INF,qal,inf+3ms
- אשר: PRON,rel
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עלינו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- שפטינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+1pl
- אשר: PRON,rel
- שפטונו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl+1pl
- להביא: VERB,hif,inf
- עלינו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
- רעה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- גדלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לא: PART_NEG
- נעשתה: VERB,nip,perf,3,f,sg
- תחת: PREP
- כל: DET
- השמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- כאשר: CONJ
- נעשתה: VERB,nip,perf,3,f,sg
- בירושלם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 25:8-11 (allusion): Jeremiah predicts that because the people would not heed the prophets God would bring all these words upon the land and send them into exile (the 70-year judgment Daniel addresses).
- 2 Chronicles 36:15-17 (thematic): Reports that God sent prophets warning the people, they were mocked and persecuted, and so God brought the king of Babylon to execute great judgment—explaining the cause of Jerusalem’s unparalleled calamity.
- Deuteronomy 28:49-52 (allusion): Part of the covenant curses warning that a foreign nation and great distress will come upon Israel for disobedience—background for Daniel’s claim that prophetic words were fulfilled in Jerusalem’s destruction.
- 2 Kings 25:8-10 (thematic): Narrates the siege and burning of Jerusalem and the temple by the Babylonians, the concrete event that Daniel calls a calamity unequaled under heaven.
- Lamentations 1:1-3 (thematic): Poetic depiction of Jerusalem’s utter desolation and suffering after the fall, echoing Daniel’s emphasis that such ruin had not been seen under all the heavens.
Alternative generated candidates
- He has confirmed his words that he spoke against us and against our judges, by bringing upon us a great disaster—such as has not been done under all the heavens as that which has been done in Jerusalem.
- He has confirmed his words that he spoke against us and against our judges who judged us, bringing upon us a great disaster that has not been done under all the heavens, just as it has been done in Jerusalem.
Dan.9.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כאשר: CONJ
- כתוב: ADJ,ptcp,pass,m,sg
- בתורת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,const
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- הרעה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- הזאת: DEM,f,sg,def
- באה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- עלינו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
- ולא: CONJ
- חלינו: NOUN,m,pl,cs+1pl
- את: PRT,acc
- פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:1,pl
- לשוב: INF,qal
- מעוננו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,1,pl
- ולהשכיל: CONJ+VERB,hifil,inf
- באמתך: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+2,m,sg
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 28:45 (verbal): The Law warns that if Israel disobeys, 'all these curses shall come upon thee'—the very formula Daniel invokes to say the calamity has come as written in Moses' law.
- Leviticus 26:40-42 (thematic): Promises that if the people confess and turn from their iniquity, God will remember his covenant—echoed in Daniel’s admission that they had not sought the LORD’s face to turn from sin and gain understanding.
- 2 Chronicles 36:15-21 (thematic): Describes prophets sent and ignored and the eventual Babylonian exile as the fulfillment of God’s sentence—parallels Daniel’s account that the calamity came in accordance with the Law of Moses.
- Jeremiah 25:11-12 (allusion): Predicts seventy years of Babylonian captivity—provides the prophetic-historical frame for Daniel’s confession that exile and suffering have come as Scripture foretold.
Alternative generated candidates
- As it is written in the law of Moses, all this disaster has come upon us, yet we did not make our plea before the face of the LORD our God to turn from our iniquities and to give attention to your truth.
- As it is written in the law of Moses, all this disaster has come upon us; yet we have not entreated the favor of the LORD our God, that we might turn from our iniquities and gain insight by your truth.
Dan.9.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישקד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- הרעה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ויביאה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עלינו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
- כי: CONJ
- צדיק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:1,pl
- על: PREP
- כל: DET
- מעשיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3,m,sg
- אשר: PRON,rel
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ולא: CONJ
- שמענו: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,pl
- בקלו: PREP
Parallels
- Nehemiah 9:33 (verbal): Confessional language nearly identical: acknowledges that calamity has come upon Israel and affirms that the LORD is righteous in all that he has brought upon them, while the people have not obeyed.
- Deuteronomy 32:4 (verbal): Affirms God's righteousness and perfection in his works and ways—echoes Daniel's claim that 'the LORD our God is righteous in all his works.'
- 2 Chronicles 36:15-16 (thematic): Describes God sending prophets that the people ignored and mocked, leading to judgment—parallels Daniel's explanation that punishment came because the people did not heed God's voice.
- Psalm 119:75 (thematic): Personal reflection that God’s judgments are right and that affliction can be an expression of his faithfulness—resonates with Daniel's acceptance of calamity as just.
Alternative generated candidates
- Therefore the LORD kept watch over the disaster and brought it upon us; for the LORD our God is righteous in all his works which he has done, and we have not obeyed his voice.
- Therefore the LORD has kept watch over the disaster and brought it upon us, for the LORD our God is righteous in all that he has done; but we have not obeyed his voice.
Dan.9.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ועתה: CONJ
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- אלהינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:1,pl
- אשר: PRON,rel
- הוצאת: VERB,hiphil,perf,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- עמך: NOUN,m,sg,suff-2m
- מארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ביד: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- חזקה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- ותעש: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,f,sg
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
- שם: ADV
- כיום: ADV
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- חטאנו: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,pl
- רשענו: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,pl
Parallels
- Exodus 6:6 (verbal): God’s promise to "bring you out" of Egypt "with a mighty hand and an outstretched arm" — the same language of deliverance recalled in Daniel’s prayer.
- Nehemiah 9:9-10 (verbal): Confessional liturgy recounting how God saw Israel’s affliction and brought them out of Egypt with a mighty hand and outstretched arm — closely parallels Daniel’s appeal to past deliverance.
- Psalm 106:6-8 (thematic): A communal confession that recalls Israel’s sin yet affirms God’s saving acts in Egypt for the sake of his name — similar movement from confession to remembrance of deliverance.
- Isaiah 63:11-14 (allusion): Remembers the LORD’s mighty acts in leading Israel from Egypt ("who led them by his power/arm") and evokes the same tradition of divine deliverance Daniel cites.
- Psalm 136:10-12 (verbal): A thanksgiving refrain recounting God’s deeds in Egypt — "who smote Egypt... and brought Israel out" — echoing the motif of being brought out of Egypt with God’s mighty hand.
Alternative generated candidates
- And now, O LORD our God, who brought your people forth out of the land of Egypt by a mighty hand and made your name to be known, as it is this day—we have sinned, we have done wickedly.
- And now, O Lord our God, who didst bring your people out of the land of Egypt by a mighty hand and didst make for yourself a name, as this day—we have sinned, we have done wickedly.
Dan.9.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- ככל: PREP
- צדקתך: NOUN,f,sg,abs,2,ms
- ישב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- נא: PART
- אפך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
- וחמתך: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs+2ms
- מעירך: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+2ms
- ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הר: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- קדשך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+2,ms
- כי: CONJ
- בחטאינו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+1pl
- ובעונות: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- אבתינו: NOUN,m,pl,suff:1pl
- ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ועמך: NOUN,m,sg,suff-2ms
- לחרפה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לכל: PREP
- סביבתינו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,1,pl
Parallels
- Nehemiah 1:6-7 (verbal): Nehemiah's prayer confesses corporate and ancestral sin and asks God to avert his anger from Jerusalem (’we and our fathers have sinned…turn not away thy mercies’), closely mirroring Daniel’s plea to remove divine wrath from the holy city.
- Ezra 9:6-7 (thematic): Ezra’s confession emphasizes national guilt and shame before surrounding peoples and petitions God’s mercy for Jerusalem and his people, echoing Daniel’s linkage of communal sin to Jerusalem’s reproach.
- Isaiah 64:9-10 (allusion): Isaiah implores God not to be angry and laments that Zion/the holy cities lie waste because of sin—paralleling Daniel’s appeal to God’s righteousness to turn away wrath from Jerusalem.
- Psalm 79:8-9 (thematic): This communal lament speaks of Jerusalem as a reproach among the nations and pleads for God’s help and forgiveness (’help us, O God of our salvation…for the glory of thy name’), reflecting the same themes of reproach, confession, and petition in Daniel 9:16.
Alternative generated candidates
- O LORD, according to all your righteousness, turn away your anger and your wrath from your city Jerusalem, your holy mountain; for because of our sins and the iniquities of our fathers, Jerusalem and your people have become a reproach to all who are around us.
- O Lord, according to all your righteous acts, let your anger and your wrath be turned away from your city Jerusalem, your holy mountain; for because of our sins and the iniquities of our fathers, Jerusalem and your people have become a reproach to all who are around us.
Dan.9.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ועתה: CONJ
- שמע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אלהינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:1,pl
- אל: NEG
- תפלת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- עבדך: NOUN,m,sg,abs,2,ms
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- תחנוניו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3ms
- והאר: VERB,hiphil,impv,2,m,sg
- פניך: NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
- על: PREP
- מקדשך: NOUN,m,sg,abs,2,m,sg
- השמם: ADJ,m,sg,def
- למען: PREP
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
Parallels
- Numbers 6:25-26 (verbal): Contains the priestly phrase 'the LORD make his face shine upon thee' (or 'cause thy face to shine'), directly echoing Daniel's petition for God's face to shine on the sanctuary.
- Psalm 80:3 (verbal): A communal plea 'Turn us again, O God; cause thy face to shine; and we shall be saved'—paralleling Daniel's request for God's face to shine in order to restore the desolate sanctuary.
- 2 Chronicles 6:40-42 (thematic): Solomon's temple prayer asks God to 'hear the cry and the prayer' and to 'let thine eyes be open toward this house,' closely paralleling Daniel's appeal that God hear his prayer and look upon the desolate sanctuary.
- Nehemiah 1:4-11 (thematic): Nehemiah's confession and petition for mercy and success includes appeals for God to 'hear' and to act for the sake of his temple and people, reflecting the same confessional-restoration motif as Daniel 9:17.
- Psalm 102:2 (verbal): The plea 'Hide not thy face from me in the day when I am in trouble' uses the same conceptual vocabulary of God's 'face' and presence, serving as a verbal and theological parallel to Daniel's request that God 'shine his face' on the sanctuary.
Alternative generated candidates
- Now therefore, O our God, hear the prayer of your servant and his supplications, and cause your face to shine upon your sanctuary that is desolate, for the LORD's sake.
- Now therefore, O our God, hear the prayer of your servant and his supplications, and cause your face to shine upon your desolate sanctuary—for the sake of the LORD.
Dan.9.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הטה: VERB,hiph,impv,2,m,sg
- אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- אזנך: NOUN,f,sg,abs,2,m,sg
- ושמע: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- פקח: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
- עיניך: NOUN,f,pl,abs+2ms
- וראה: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- שממתינו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+1pl
- והעיר: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- נקרא: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
- שמך: NOUN,m,sg,cs,2,m,sg
- עליה: PREP,3,f,sg
- כי: CONJ
- לא: PART_NEG
- על: PREP
- צדקתינו: NOUN,f,sg,suff-1pl
- אנחנו: PRON,1,pl
- מפילים: VERB,piel,ptc,1,m,pl
- תחנונינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+1pl
- לפניך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- על: PREP
- רחמיך: NOUN,m,pl,poss-2ms
- הרבים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 1:4-6 (verbal): Nehemiah's prayer uses almost identical language—'let your ear be attentive and your eyes open'—and pleads for God to look on Jerusalem and grant favor while confessing the people's shame.
- Ezra 9:6-7 (thematic): Ezra confesses corporate sin, admits unworthiness, and appeals to God's mercy rather than Israel's righteousness when pleading for restoration, paralleling Daniel's dependence on divine compassion.
- Psalm 79:8-9 (thematic): A communal lament over the desolation of the city calls on God to help 'for the glory of your name,' echoing Daniel's appeal that God act for his own name amid Jerusalem's ruin.
- Psalm 130:3-4 (thematic): This psalm stresses that if God punished strictly for sin none could stand, but God's forgiveness is the basis for hope—matching Daniel's assertion that pleas rest on God's abundant mercy, not the people's righteousness.
- Jeremiah 14:7-9 (verbal): Jeremiah admits Israel's guilt yet pleads 'for your name's sake do not abhor us' and asks God to look and act on behalf of his people, closely paralleling Daniel's petition that God see the city's desolation and show mercy.
Alternative generated candidates
- Incline, O my God, your ear and hear; open your eyes and see our desolations and the city which is called by your name. For we do not present our supplications before you because of our righteousness, but because of your great mercies.
- Incline, O my God, your ear and hear; open your eyes and see our desolations and the city upon which your name is called; for we do not present our pleas before you on the ground of our righteousness, but on the ground of your great mercies.
Dan.9.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- שמעה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- סלחה: VERB,qal,imp,2,ms
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- הקשיבה: VERB,hiph,impv,2,_,sg
- ועשה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- תאחר: VERB,qal,imperf,2,m,sg
- למענך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,suff-2ms
- אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- כי: CONJ
- שמך: NOUN,m,sg,cs,2,m,sg
- נקרא: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- עירך: NOUN,f,sg,suff-2ms
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- עמך: NOUN,m,sg,suff-2m
Parallels
- 1 Kings 8:30 (verbal): Solomon's temple prayer: petitions to 'hear' from heaven and 'forgive' the people — language and petition form closely echo Daniel's 'Lord, hear; forgive; act.'
- 2 Chronicles 6:21 (verbal): Parallel account of Solomon's prayer with the same pleas to hear, forgive and act for the sake of the people and the city associated with God's name — verbal and structural overlap with Daniel 9:19.
- Psalm 79:9 (thematic): A communal plea: 'Help us, O God of our salvation, for the glory of your name; deliver us and atone for our sins' — appeals for deliverance and forgiveness for God's name's sake, matching Daniel's motive.
- Psalm 25:11 (verbal): The explicit formula 'For thy name's sake, O LORD, pardon mine iniquity' closely parallels Daniel's appeal to God not to delay because his name is called over his city and people.
Alternative generated candidates
- O LORD, hear; O LORD, forgive; O LORD, listen and act; do not delay, for your own sake, my God, because your name is called upon your city and upon your people.
- O LORD, hear—O LORD, forgive—O LORD, give heed and act; delay not, O my God, for your own sake; for your name is called upon your city and upon your people.”
In the first year of Darius son of Ahasuerus, of the seed of the Medes, who was made king over the realm of the Chaldeans.
In the first year of his reign I, Daniel, discerned by the books the number of the years that the word of the LORD had spoken by Jeremiah the prophet for the completion of Jerusalem’s desolations—seventy years.
I set my face to the Lord God to seek him by prayer and supplications, with fasting, sackcloth, and ashes.
I prayed to the LORD my God and confessed, and I said: 'O Lord, great and awesome God, who keeps covenant and steadfast love with those who love you and keep your commandments,'
we have sinned, we have done wickedly, we have acted perversely and rebelled; we have turned aside from your commandments and your ordinances.
We have not hearkened to the voice of your servants the prophets, who spoke in your name to our kings, our princes, our fathers, and to all the people of the land.
To you, O Lord, belongs righteousness; but to us open shame of face, as at this day, to the men of Judah, to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and to all Israel, those near and those far off, in all the lands to which you have driven them because of their transgression that they have committed against you.
O Lord, to us belongs open shame to our kings, to our princes, and to our fathers, because we have sinned against you.
To the Lord our God belong compassion and forgiveness, for we have rebelled against him.
We have not obeyed the voice of the LORD our God to walk in his laws that he set before us by his servants the prophets.
All Israel has transgressed your law and turned aside so as not to obey your voice; therefore the curse and the oath that are written in the law of Moses the servant of God have come upon us, for we have sinned against him.
He has upheld the words that he spoke against us and against our judges who judged us, bringing upon us a great calamity such as has not been done under all the heavens, just as it has been done in Jerusalem.
As it is written in the law of Moses, all this disaster has come upon us, yet we have not sought the favor of the LORD our God by turning from our iniquities and by giving attention to your truth.
Therefore the LORD has watched over the disaster and brought it upon us; for the LORD our God is righteous in all his works that he has done, and we have not hearkened to his voice.
Now, O Lord our God, who brought your people out of the land of Egypt with a mighty hand and made for yourself a name, as it is this day—yet we have sinned, we have done wickedly.
O Lord, according to all your righteousness, let your anger and your fury be turned away from your city Jerusalem, your holy mountain; for on account of our sins and the iniquities of our fathers, Jerusalem and your people have become a reproach to all who are round about us. Now therefore, hear, our God, the prayer of your servant and his supplications; and cause your face to shine upon your desolate sanctuary for the Lord’s sake.
Incline, O my God, your ear and hear; open your eyes and see our desolations and the city upon which your name is called; for we do not present our pleas before you on account of our righteousness but on account of your abundant mercies.
O Lord, hear; O Lord, forgive; O Lord, listen and act; do not delay, O my God; for your name is called upon your city and your people.