Vows
Numbers 30:1-16
Num.30.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ככל: PREP
- אשר: PRON,rel
- צוה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Leviticus 26:46 (verbal): Uses the same formula attributing statutes/judgments to the LORD given at Sinai by Moses — a close verbal/structural parallel to 'as the LORD commanded Moses.'
- Exodus 24:3 (thematic): Moses declares and communicates 'all the words of the LORD' to the people — parallels Moses' role here in speaking to Israel what the LORD commanded.
- Deuteronomy 5:1 (structural): Moses assembles and addresses all Israel to hear the words of the LORD — similar address-frame and function of relaying divine commands to the community.
- Deuteronomy 31:24-26 (structural): Records Moses' writing down the law and commanding the Levites to place it by the ark 'as the LORD commanded' — highlights Moses' role as transmitter and custodian of divine commands, paralleling Num 30:1.
Alternative generated candidates
- Moses spoke to the people of Israel in accordance with all that the LORD had commanded him.
- Moses spoke to the people of Israel according to all that the LORD had commanded him.
Num.30.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- ראשי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,1,sg
- המטות: NOUN,m,pl,abs,def
- לבני: PREP
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
- הדבר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- צוה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Deut.5.1 (structural): Moses summons the people and introduces divine commandments (“Hear, O Israel…”). Serves the same structural role as Num 30:2—an authoritative introduction to laws that the LORD has commanded.
- Lev.27.2 (thematic): Begins laws concerning vows and dedications to the LORD. The subject matter (regulation of vows and their consequences) closely parallels the legal material introduced in Num 30.
- Deut.23.22 (verbal): Commands that vows made to the LORD must be fulfilled and not delayed. Mirrors Num 30's concern with the binding force and discharge/annulment of vows.
- Judg.11.30-31 (allusion): Narrative of Jephthah's vow to the LORD—an illustrative case of the personal and communal implications of vows, thematically related to the laws governing vows in Num 30.
Alternative generated candidates
- Moses addressed the heads of the tribes of the Israelites, saying, “This is the matter that the LORD has commanded.”},{
- Moses spoke to the heads of the tribes of the people of Israel, saying, “This is the matter that the LORD has commanded.”},{
Num.30.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- ידר: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- נדר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- או: CONJ
- השבע: NOUN,m,sg,def
- שבעה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לאסר: VERB,qal,inf
- אסר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- נפשו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- לא: PART_NEG
- יחל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- דברו: INF,qal,inf+3ms
- ככל: PREP
- היצא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- מפיו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- יעשה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 23:21–23 (verbal): Gives a closely related legal instruction about vows to the LORD: vows must be paid and not delayed—parallel obligation to keep what one utters to God.
- Ecclesiastes 5:4–5 (thematic): Warns that making a vow to God creates a binding obligation and that failing to fulfill it is harmful—echoes the imperative to do as one has vowed.
- Leviticus 27:2–8 (structural): Provides detailed regulations for vows and the valuation of persons/things devoted to the LORD, situating Num.30’s rule within the broader sacrificial/vow legislation.
- Matthew 5:33–37 (allusion): Jesus reinterprets Jewish teaching on oaths and vows—calling for simple truthfulness (let your 'Yes' be 'Yes')—reflecting the same concern for honest fulfillment of spoken commitments.
Alternative generated candidates
- If a man makes a vow to the LORD, or swears an oath to bind himself by a pledge, he shall not break his word; he must do according to all that came from his mouth.
Num.30.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואשה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- תדר: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- נדר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואסרה: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- אסר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- אביה: NOUN,m,sg,suff
- בנעריה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+SUFF,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Num.30:3 (structural): Immediate parallel in the same law unit: states that a man's vow or pledge by which he binds his person is binding on him, setting up the gender-differentiated rules developed in vv.4–16.
- Num.30:9 (structural): Counterpart rule in the same chapter about a married woman who makes a vow in her husband's house and the husband’s right to confirm or nullify it—parallel logic about who may confirm or annul a woman's vow.
- Deut.23:21–23 (Heb. 23:22–24) (thematic): General instruction to keep vows made to the LORD and not to delay fulfillment—connects to the broader legal/ethical context treating the seriousness of vows.
- 1 Sam.1:11,27–28 (thematic): Narrative example of a woman (Hannah) making a vow to the LORD (to dedicate a son) and fulfilling it, illustrating vows by women and their binding character in practice.
- Judg.11:30–40 (thematic): Jephthah’s rash vow and its tragic outcome exemplify the grave consequences and binding force of vows, underscoring why legal regulation (as in Num.30) addresses validation and annulment.
Alternative generated candidates
- And if a woman makes a vow to the LORD, and binds herself by a pledge while in her father's house, in her youth—
Num.30.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ושמע: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
- אביה: NOUN,m,sg,suff
- את: PRT,acc
- נדרה: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3fs
- ואסרה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אסרה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- על: PREP
- נפשה: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRONSUF,3,f,sg
- והחריש: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- אביה: NOUN,m,sg,suff
- וקמו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- כל: DET
- נדריה: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3fs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- אסר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אסרה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- על: PREP
- נפשה: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRONSUF,3,f,sg
- יקום: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 23:21-23 (verbal): Gives the general law that vows made to the LORD must be fulfilled, paralleling Numbers 30's concern that spoken vows become binding and must stand.
- Proverbs 20:25 (verbal): Warns that rash vows can be a snare and require inquiry afterward; thematically connects with the legal regulation in Numbers 30 about when a woman's vow is binding.
- Judges 11:30-40 (thematic): Jephthah's tragic vow illustrates the binding force and serious consequences of vows once uttered, echoing the principle that vows, once established, must be carried out.
- 1 Samuel 1:11 (thematic): Hannah's vow to dedicate her son to the LORD shows a woman's vow as a serious, binding commitment to God, thematically resonant with the treatment of women's vows in Numbers 30.
- Matthew 5:33-37 (allusion): Jesus' teaching on oaths and letting 'yes' be 'yes' addresses the binding nature of spoken commitments and reforms understanding of vow/oath obligations, alluding to the broader biblical concern about the force of speech reflected in Numbers 30.
Alternative generated candidates
- and her father hears her vow and the pledge by which she bound herself, and her father is silent to her—then all her vows and every pledge binding her shall stand.
Num.30.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואם: CONJ
- הניא: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
- אביה: NOUN,m,sg,suff
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- ביום: PREP
- שמעו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
- כל: DET
- נדריה: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3fs
- ואסריה: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs+3fs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אסרה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- על: PREP
- נפשה: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRONSUF,3,f,sg
- לא: PART_NEG
- יקום: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ויהוה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יסלח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- כי: CONJ
- הניא: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
- אביה: NOUN,m,sg,suff
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
Parallels
- Numbers 30:2 (structural): Establishes the basic rule that vows made by a person are binding on them—context for vv.3–16 which specify how vows by women may be confirmed or annulled.
- Numbers 30:8–9 (structural): Immediate parallel within the same chapter describing the husband’s power to disallow his wife’s vows—closely related legal mechanism to the father’s disallowance in v.6.
- Deuteronomy 23:21–23 (thematic): Commands that vows to the LORD must be fulfilled and not delayed, echoing the broader obligation and seriousness of vows which Numbers 30 modifies in family situations.
- Proverbs 20:25 (thematic): Warns that declaring something 'holy' impulsively and later reconsidering is a snare—reflects the peril and social regulation of rash vows addressed in Numbers 30.
- Matthew 5:33–37 (thematic): Jesus’ teaching about oaths and letting one’s word be reliable develops the biblical concern for truthful speech and obligations of vows, related thematically to the binding nature of vows in Numbers 30.
Alternative generated candidates
- But if her father annuls them on the day he hears them, whatever she vowed or bound herself by shall not stand; the LORD will forgive her, for her father annulled them.
Num.30.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואם: CONJ
- היו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- תהיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,f,sg
- לאיש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ונדריה: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs,3,f
- עליה: PREP,3,f,sg
- או: CONJ
- מבטא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שפתיה: NOUN,f,pl,abs,3,f
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אסרה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- על: PREP
- נפשה: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRONSUF,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Numbers 30:1-5 (structural): Immediate legal context: rules about vows by men and the authority of a father/husband to confirm or annul vows; 30:7 is part of this larger statutory section.
- Deuteronomy 23:21-23 (thematic): General command to fulfill vows made to the LORD and not delay payment; parallels the obligation and seriousness attached to vows.
- Leviticus 27:2-8 (thematic): Regulations for vows and valuations/dedications to the LORD; another priestly legal treatment of how vows are handled and redeemed.
- Judges 11:30-40 (thematic): Narrative example (Jephthah's rash vow) illustrating the moral and personal consequences of binding vows and the dangers of vows made without restraint.
- Matthew 5:33-37 (thematic): Jesus' teaching about oaths and vows—warning against making binding vows and urging simple, honest speech—reflects the ethical concerns behind vow regulation.
Alternative generated candidates
- If she becomes a wife to a man—if her vows are upon her, or the utterance of her lips by which she bound herself—
Num.30.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ושמע: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
- אישה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ביום: PREP
- שמעו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
- והחריש: VERB,hifil,perf,3,m,pl
- לה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- וקמו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- נדריה: NOUN,m,pl,abs,+3f
- ואסרה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אסרה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- על: PREP
- נפשה: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRONSUF,3,f,sg
- יקמו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Numbers 30:3-5 (structural): Immediate context: rules about a husband’s right to annul his wife’s vow if he objects on the day he hears it — the provision that silence confirms the vow is developed across these verses.
- Numbers 30:9 (structural): Closely connected follow-up: specifies the consequence if the husband annuls the vow (he bears the guilt), contrasting with the standing vow when he remains silent as in 30:8.
- Deuteronomy 23:21-23 (verbal): General law about vows to the LORD and the obligation to fulfill them without delay; parallels the legal seriousness and binding nature of vows described in Num 30:8.
- Judges 11:30-40 (thematic): Jephthah’s binding vow and its tragic outcome illustrate the practical and moral consequences of vows and the need for rules governing their force and annulment.
- Matthew 5:33-37 (thematic): Jesus’ teaching about oaths and letting ‘yes’ mean yes addresses the ethical weight and binding character of spoken commitments, echoing concerns about the binding force of vows in Num 30:8.
Alternative generated candidates
- and her husband hears them and is silent on the day he hears them, then they shall stand; her vows and the pledges binding her that she bound shall stand.
Num.30.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואם: CONJ
- ביום: PREP
- שמע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אישה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יניא: VERB,qal,impf,3,ms
- אותה: PRON,3,sg,f
- והפר: VERB,qal,perf,3,ms
- את: PRT,acc
- נדרה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- עליה: PREP,3,f,sg
- ואת: CONJ
- מבטא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שפתיה: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אסרה: VERB,qal,perf,3,fs
- על: PREP
- נפשה: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRONSUF,3,f,sg
- ויהוה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יסלח: VERB,qal,impf,3,ms
- לה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Numbers 30:3-5 (verbal): Earliest clause governing a father's power to annul his daughter's vow—same legal principle of a male guardian nullifying a woman's vow that appears in 30:9.
- Numbers 30:6-8 (verbal): Immediate parallel within the same chapter addressing the husband's right to nullify a wife's vow when he hears it on the same day; closely mirrors language and legal outcome of 30:9.
- Deuteronomy 23:21-23 (thematic): General law about vows to the LORD and the obligation to fulfill them—provides broader covenantal context for the special rules about annulment in Numbers 30.
- Leviticus 27:2-4 (thematic): Regulations concerning vows (especially valuations and obligations tied to persons) that reflect the priestly concern for how vows are made, valued, and enforced.
- Matthew 5:33-37 (allusion): Jesus' teaching on oaths and the binding character of one’s word engages the same concern with the force and accountability of vows and promises in covenant life.
Alternative generated candidates
- But if her husband annuls them on the day he hears them, he shall make them void; and the LORD will forgive her.
Num.30.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ונדר: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אלמנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וגרושה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כל: DET
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אסרה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- על: PREP
- נפשה: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRONSUF,3,f,sg
- יקום: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עליה: PREP,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Numbers 30:3-16 (structural): The whole chapter governs vows and the authority of fathers and husbands to confirm or annul vows; v.10 is part of this legal framework and gains its meaning from the surrounding provisions.
- Deuteronomy 23:21-23 (thematic): General rule that vows made to the LORD must be fulfilled; reinforces the binding nature and moral obligation of vows found in Numbers 30.
- Leviticus 27:1-8 (thematic): Laws concerning vows, dedications, and valuations; parallels Numbers 30 in treating the legal consequences and procedures for vows to God.
- Judges 11:30-39 (thematic): Jephthah’s vow and its tragic fulfillment illustrate the serious, sometimes unforeseen consequences of personal vows and the way such vows bind the vow-maker and family.
- Matthew 5:33-37 (allusion): Jesus’ teaching about oaths and plain speech engages the wider biblical tradition about vows and their binding force, offering a New Testament ethical reorientation of vow/oath practices.
Alternative generated candidates
- Any vow of a widow or of a divorced woman, whatever she has vowed or bound herself by, shall stand against her.
Num.30.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואם: CONJ
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אישה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- נדרה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- או: CONJ
- אסרה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- אסר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- נפשה: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRONSUF,3,f,sg
- בשבעה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 30:3-5 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same chapter governing vows: language about a daughter in her father's house making a vow and the father's ability to confirm or nullify it—same legal pattern applied to different family situations.
- Numbers 30:12-13 (structural): Direct continuation of the wife's case: explains the husband's options to confirm or annul his wife's vow and the temporal limits for doing so, completing the legal rule begun in v.11.
- Deuteronomy 23:21-23 (thematic): General law about vows and oaths to YHWH—requires fulfillment of vows—provides the broader legal/theological principle underlying the specific family-role rules in Numbers 30.
- Judges 11:30-40 (thematic): Narrative example of a solemn vow and its tragic consequences (Jephthah's vow); thematically illustrates the seriousness and binding nature of vows addressed in Numbers 30.
- Matthew 5:33-37 (thematic): Jesus' teaching on oaths and vows (avoidance of swearing and keeping one’s word) engages the same concern for the binding character of spoken commitments found in Numbers 30, though with a different ethical emphasis.
Alternative generated candidates
- If a woman, while in her husband's house, vows a vow or binds herself by an oath—
Num.30.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ושמע: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
- אישה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- והחרש: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- לא: PART_NEG
- הניא: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- וקמו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- כל: DET
- נדריה: NOUN,m,pl,suff
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- אסר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אסרה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- על: PREP
- נפשה: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRONSUF,3,f,sg
- יקום: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Numbers 30:3–5 (structural): Immediate parallel in the same chapter: rules giving a father authority to confirm or nullify a daughter's vows made while under his household—same legal framework of familial veto.
- Numbers 30:9–11 (structural): Direct companion passages treating a married woman's vows and the husband's right to annul them; closely parallels the situation described in v.12 about husband's objection.
- Deuteronomy 23:21–23 (verbal): General command to fulfill vows made to the LORD and not to delay payment—provides the broader legal-theological principle that vows are binding obligations.
- Leviticus 27:1–8 (verbal): Regulations governing vows and the valuation or redemption of persons and property vowed to the LORD, showing the cultic/legal handling of vows in priestly law.
- Judges 11:30–40 (thematic): Narrative example (Jephthah's vow) illustrating the serious, binding character and potential consequences of vows—useful for interpreting the social and moral weight behind Numbers' legislation.
Alternative generated candidates
- and her husband hears it and is silent to her on the day he hears it, he does not annul it; all her vows and all her bindings that she bound on herself shall stand.
Num.30.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואם: CONJ
- הפר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יפר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
- אישה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ביום: PREP
- שמעו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
- כל: DET
- מוצא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שפתיה: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3f.poss
- לנדריה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3f.poss
- ולאסר: CONJ+VERB,qal,inf
- נפשה: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRONSUF,3,f,sg
- לא: PART_NEG
- יקום: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אישה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הפרם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg+3m.obj
- ויהוה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יסלח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Numbers 30:2 (verbal): Sets the basic rule that vows made to the LORD by a man or woman are binding—Num 30:13 applies that rule to the case where the husband hears a wife's vow and does not object.
- Numbers 30:3-5 (structural): Deals with a father's right to confirm or nullify his young daughter's vows; parallels Num 30:13 thematically by treating familial authority to validate or annul vows.
- Deuteronomy 23:21-23 (thematic): Commands prompt fulfillment of vows made to Yahweh and warns against withholding—connects to the seriousness and enforceability of vows reflected in Num 30:13.
- Judges 11:30-40 (thematic): Jephthah's vow and its tragic consequence illustrate the binding and potentially irreversible nature of vows once made—an example of vows' moral and social weight like in Num 30:13.
- Matthew 5:33-37 (allusion): Jesus' teaching on oaths and the integrity of one’s word engages the same concern about the binding force of speech and vows; it reframes how binding commitments should be understood and honored.
Alternative generated candidates
- But if he annuls them on the day he hears them, he shall make them void; and the LORD will forgive her.
Num.30.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כל: DET
- נדר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- שבעת: NUM,card,construct
- אסר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לענת: VERB,qal,inf
- נפש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אישה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יקימנו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ואישה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יפרנו: VERB,hif,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 23:21-23 (thematic): Regulates vows made to the LORD and emphasizes the obligation to keep what one has vowed, paralleling Numbers' concern with the binding force of vows.
- Ecclesiastes 5:4-6 (thematic): Warns about the seriousness of making vows and the need to fulfill them promptly, echoing the moral weight attached to vows in Numbers 30.
- Matthew 5:33-37 (verbal): Jesus' teaching on oaths and vows ('do not swear...let your yes be yes') engages the same biblical topic of when spoken commitments are binding.
- Judges 11:30-40 (thematic): Jephthah's tragic, binding vow illustrates the concrete and sometimes severe consequences of vows—an example of the binding character of oaths reflected in Numbers 30.
- Mark 7:9-13 (allusion): Jesus criticizes human traditions that nullify obligations (Corban) — thematically related to Numbers 30's rules about fathers’ and husbands’ power to annul or confirm a woman's vow.
Alternative generated candidates
- Every vow and every binding obligation imposed on the soul of a woman—her husband may confirm them, or her husband may annul them.
Num.30.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואם: CONJ
- החרש: NOUN,m,sg,def
- יחריש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- אישה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מיום: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- יום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- והקים: VERB,hif,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- נדריה: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3fs
- או: CONJ
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- אסריה: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,f,sg
- אשר: PRON,rel
- עליה: PREP,3,f,sg
- הקים: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
- כי: CONJ
- החרש: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- ביום: PREP
- שמעו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Numbers 30:3–5 (structural): Closely related provision in the same chapter about a daughter living in her father’s house — if the father hears her vow and remains silent, the vow stands. Parallel legal logic and wording regarding who may confirm or annul a woman’s vow.
- Numbers 30:6–9 (structural): Continuation of the chapter’s rules concerning a married woman’s vows and her husband’s authority to nullify or confirm them; directly parallels verse 15’s focus on the husband’s silence making the vow binding.
- Deuteronomy 23:21–23 (thematic): General law about vows to the LORD — if one vows, one must fulfill it and not delay; underscores the broader Israelite principle that vows are binding and must be kept.
- Ecclesiastes 5:4–5 (thematic): Wisdom reflection warning that vows should be fulfilled promptly and that it is better not to vow than to vow and not pay — echoes the moral imperative behind keeping vows expressed in Numbers 30:15.
- Matthew 5:33–37 (thematic): Jesus’ teaching against swearing and his insistence that 'let your yes be yes' treats spoken commitments as binding; thematically connects to the New Testament concern for the integrity of vows and oaths like those regulated in Numbers 30:15.
Alternative generated candidates
- If her husband keeps silent and lets them stand from day to day, he establishes all her vows or all her bindings that are upon her; he establishes them because he kept silent on the day he heard them.
Num.30.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואם: CONJ
- הפר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יפר: VERB,hiph,impf,3,m,sg
- אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
- אחרי: PREP
- שמעו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
- ונשא: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- עונה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 30:8 (verbal): Directly parallels the language and legal consequence: if a husband/father annuls the vow after hearing it, he bears the woman's/child's guilt—near-identical provision earlier in the same section.
- Numbers 30:2 (structural): Sets the general rule that a person's vow is binding; verse 30:16 functions within this structure by specifying how a husband’s later annulment affects liability.
- Deuteronomy 23:21-23 (thematic): Emphasizes the seriousness of vows to the LORD and the duty to pay them promptly—themewise reinforces the legal and moral weight given to spoken commitments.
- Ecclesiastes 5:4-6 (thematic): Warns against delaying or treating vows lightly and stresses the gravity of making promises to God—parallels the concern with obligation and guilt when vows are broken.
- Matthew 5:33-37 (thematic): Jesus’ instruction against swearing and the call for simple, binding truthfulness (‘let your yes be yes’) continues the biblical theme about the binding nature of words and vows.
Alternative generated candidates
- But if he annuls them after he has heard them, he shall bear her guilt.”
Moses spoke to the people of Israel, in accordance with all that the LORD had commanded Moses.
Moses spoke to the heads of the tribes of the Israelites, saying, “This is the matter that the LORD has commanded.”
If a man makes a vow to the LORD or swears an oath to obligate himself by a binding pledge, he shall not break his word; as he has spoken it, so shall he do.
If a woman makes a vow to the LORD and binds herself by a pledge while in her father's house in her youth,
and her father hears her vows and the pledges by which she bound herself, and her father keeps silent toward her, then all her vows and all the pledges by which she bound herself shall stand. But if her father annuls them on the day he hears them, then they shall not stand; the LORD will forgive her, for her father has annulled them.
If she becomes the wife of a husband, any vows she made or any binding pledge of her lips by which she bound herself shall be binding upon her husband.
If her husband hears them on the day he hears them and is silent toward her, they shall stand; they shall be binding. But if on the day he hears he annuls them, he shall make void her vow and the pledges by which she bound herself; and the LORD will forgive her.
A widow or a divorced woman—whatever vow she makes or whatever she binds herself by shall stand against her.
If a wife, living in her husband's house, makes a vow or obligates herself by a pledge,
and her husband hears it and is silent toward her, he has confirmed it; all her vows and every obligation by which she bound herself shall stand. But if he annuls them, he shall annul them on the day he hears them; whatever the woman spoke to vow or to bind herself by shall not stand—her husband has annulled them; and the LORD will forgive her.
Every vow and every binding pledge that places a restraint upon a woman’s life—her husband may confirm them, or he may annul them.
If he confirms them by keeping silent, he confirms them from day to day; he establishes all her vows or all her pledges that are upon her, because he kept silent on the day he heard them. But if he annuls them after he has heard them, he shall bear her guilt.