Ahaziah of Judah Ascends the Throne
2 Kings 8:25-29
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2 K.8.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בשנת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons
- שתים: NUM,f,pl,abs
- עשרה: NUM,card,m,pl
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ליורם: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחאב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- אחזיהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהורם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 22:1 (quotation): Direct parallel/synchronism: Chronicles records that Ahaziah son of Jehoram began to reign in the twelfth year of Joram (Jehoram) son of Ahab, repeating the Kings' dating formula.
- 2 Chronicles 21:17-20 (thematic): Provides the Judahite context for Ahaziah's accession (the death of his father Jehoram of Judah and the succession of his son Ahaziah), which underlies the notice of Ahaziah's reign in Kings.
- 2 Kings 9:27-29 (thematic): Narrative continuation involving the same individuals (Ahaziah of Judah and Joram son of Ahab/Israel): recounts Ahaziah's wounding and death during Jehu's purge, linking back to the synchronisms of their reigns.
- 2 Kings 3:1 (verbal): Mentions Jehoram (Joram) son of Ahab and details of his reign in Israel; connects by name and reign-period context to the synchronism used in 2 Kings 8:25.
Alternative generated candidates
- In the twelfth year of Joram son of Ahab king of Israel, Ahaziah son of Jehoram became king of Judah.
- In the twelfth year of Joram son of Ahab king of Israel, Ahaziah son of Jehoram became king of Judah.
2 K.8.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עשרים: NUM,card,pl
- ושתים: NUM,f,pl,abs
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
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- במלכו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ושנה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
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- בירושלם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ושם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אמו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- עתליהו: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- עמרי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 22:2 (verbal): Almost identical report in the parallel Chronicler's account: Ahaziah’s age, one-year reign in Jerusalem, and his mother Athaliah described as daughter of Omri.
- 2 Kings 8:27 (thematic): Immediate Kings narrative links the identification of Athaliah in 8:26 to Ahaziah’s behavior — he ‘walked in the ways of the house of Ahab’ because of his mother’s influence.
- 2 Kings 11:1 (structural): Later continuation of the same narrative: Athaliah (named here as Ahaziah’s mother) seizes power and destroys the royal seed after Ahaziah’s death, showing the political consequence of her role in Judah.
- 1 Kings 16:23–28 (allusion): Background on Omri and the ‘house of Omri’ (the dynasty in Israel). Mention of Athaliah as ‘daughter of Omri’ links Judah’s royal affairs to Omri’s dynasty and its political/religious influence in the northern kingdom.
Alternative generated candidates
- Ahaziah was twenty-two years old when he began to reign; he reigned one year in Jerusalem. His mother's name was Athaliah, daughter of Omri king of Israel.
- Ahaziah was twenty-two years old when he began to reign; he reigned one year in Jerusalem. His mother's name was Athaliah, daughter of Omri, king of Israel.
2 K.8.27 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וילך: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- בדרך: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחאב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויעש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- הרע: ADJ,m,sg,def
- בעיני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- כבית: PREP+NOUN,ms,sg,abs
- אחאב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- חתן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחאב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 21:6 (structural): Retells the same episode about Jehoram/Ahaziah (depending on context) and uses nearly identical language: he walked in the ways of the house of Ahab because he had Ahab’s daughter as wife, linking marriage to Ahab’s house with his evil deeds.
- 2 Kings 8:18 (structural): A closely related verse in the same chapter that repeats the formulaic judgment—walking in the ways of Ahab and doing evil because of a marital tie to Ahab’s house—showing the recurring motif within the narrative.
- 1 Kings 21:25–26 (thematic): Characterizes Ahab as uniquely wicked and influential (sold himself to do evil), providing the narrative reason why association with Ahab’s house leads others to do evil, as stated in 2 Kgs 8:27.
- 1 Kings 16:30–33 (thematic): Describes Ahab’s introduction of Baal-worship and his pervasive wickedness—background for the phrase “the way of the house of Ahab,” which denotes the particular evil practices and influence attributed to Ahab’s dynasty.
Alternative generated candidates
- He walked in the ways of the house of Ahab and did evil in the sight of the LORD, for he was a son-in-law of the house of Ahab.
- He walked in the ways of the house of Ahab and did evil in the sight of the LORD, like the house of Ahab; for he was son-in-law of the house of Ahab.
2 K.8.28 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וילך: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- יורם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחאב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- למלחמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עם: PREP
- חזהאל: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ארם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ברמת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cnst
- גלעד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויכו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- ארמים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- יורם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- 1 Kings 22:29-34 (thematic): A parallel account of an Israelite king going to Ramoth‑Gilead and being struck by the Arameans; both passages link battle at Ramoth‑Gilead with injury from Aram.
- 2 Chronicles 18:28-34 (verbal): Chronicles' retelling of the Ramoth‑Gilead engagement mirrors the language and narrative elements of the kings' account about a king wounded by the Syrians/Arameans.
- 2 Kings 9:21-26 (structural): Later narrative showing Jehu's confrontation with Joram (Yoram) in Jezreel and Joram's death—this episode follows and completes the storyline begun when he was wounded at Ramoth‑Gilead.
- 2 Kings 8:11-13 (allusion): Elisha's prophecy that Hazael would become king and harm Israel is illustrated concretely when Hazael's forces wound Joram at Ramoth‑Gilead in 8:28, fulfilling the earlier warning.
Alternative generated candidates
- Now Joram son of Ahab went out to battle against Hazael king of Aram at Ramoth‑Gilead, and the Arameans wounded Joram.
- He went with Joram son of Ahab to battle against Hazael king of Aram at Ramoth Gilead, and the Arameans struck Joram.
2 K.8.29 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יורם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- להתרפא: VERB,hitp,inf
- ביזרעאל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מן: PREP
- המכים: PART,qal,ptc,act,pl,m,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יכהו: VERB,qal,impr,3,m,sg
- ארמים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ברמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בהלחמו: VERB,qal,ptcp,act,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- חזהאל: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ארם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
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- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהורם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ירד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לראות: VERB,qal,inf
- את: PRT,acc
- יורם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחאב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ביזרעאל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- חלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Kings 8:28 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same narrative: specifies that the Arameans struck Joram at Ramoth-gilead while fighting Hazael (same wound mentioned in 8:29).
- 2 Kings 8:7-15 (thematic): Background material about Hazael's rise and Elisha's prophecy that Hazael would injure Israel—provides context for the Aramean assault that wounded Joram.
- 2 Kings 9:27-29 (structural): Direct continuation of the Jezreel episode: Jehu arrives, Ahaziah comes down to see Joram because he is wounded, and the subsequent killing of Joram and Ahaziah.
- 2 Chronicles 22:7 (verbal): Parallel account in Chronicles noting that Ahaziah of Judah went down to Jezreel to see Joram (son of Ahab) and was met there—Chronicles retells the same visit and its fatal outcome.
Alternative generated candidates
- King Joram returned to Jezreel to heal from the blows that the Arameans had dealt him at Ramah, while fighting Hazael king of Aram; and Ahaziah son of Jehoram king of Judah went down to see Joram son of Ahab at Jezreel, for he was ill.
- King Joram returned to Jezreel to be healed from the wounds that the Arameans had given him at Ramoth when he fought Hazael king of Aram; and Ahaziah son of Jehoram king of Judah went down to see Joram son of Ahab at Jezreel, for he was sick.
In the twelfth year of Joram son of Ahab king of Israel, Ahaziah son of Jehoram became king of Judah.
Ahaziah was twenty-two years old when he began to reign; he reigned one year in Jerusalem. His mother's name was Athaliah, daughter of Omri king of Israel.
He walked in the ways of the house of Ahab and did evil in the sight of the LORD, for he was a son-in-law of the house of Ahab. Now Joram son of Ahab went out to battle with Hazael king of Aram at Ramoth‑Gilead, and the Arameans wounded Joram. So King Joram returned to Jezreel to recover from the wounds with which the Arameans had struck him at Ramoth when he fought Hazael king of Aram. And Ahaziah son of Jehoram king of Judah went down to see Joram son of Ahab at Jezreel, for he was sick.