Joshua Commissioned and Encouraged
Joshua 1:1-18
Jos.1.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- אחרי: PREP
- מות: VERB,qal,infabs
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- עבד: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- יהושע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- משרת: NOUN,m,sg,cstr
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Numbers 27:18-23 (verbal): God instructs Moses to lay his hand on Joshua and commission him as his successor—direct appointment of Joshua to leadership, closely paralleling the transfer of authority.
- Deuteronomy 31:7-8 (verbal): Moses publicly charges Joshua before all Israel to be strong and courageous and assures God's presence—an explicit commissioning scene that anticipates Joshua 1.
- Deuteronomy 34:9 (structural): After Moses' death Joshua is said to have been filled with wisdom because Moses laid hands on him—links Moses' death with Joshua's succession, echoing the situation in Joshua 1:1.
- Judges 2:8-10 (thematic): Summary notice of Joshua's death and the passing of that generation, emphasizing the leadership transition and its consequences for Israel's faithfulness after Joshua's demise.
Alternative generated candidates
- Now after the death of Moses the servant of the LORD, the LORD spoke to Joshua son of Nun, Moses' attendant, saying,
- After the death of Moses the servant of the LORD, the LORD spoke to Joshua son of Nun, Moses’ attendant, saying,
Jos.1.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- עבדי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- מת: ADJ,m,sg
- ועתה: CONJ
- קום: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
- עבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- הירדן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אנכי: PRON,1,sg
- נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- לבני: PREP
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 27:18-23 (structural): God commissions Joshua as Moses' successor (Moses lays hands on him and sets him before Eleazar and the congregation), prefiguring the leadership transfer called for after Moses' death.
- Deuteronomy 31:7-8 (verbal): Moses publicly charges Joshua to be strong and courageous and affirms God's presence with him—language and leadership transition closely parallel to God's instruction in Joshua 1:2ff.
- Deuteronomy 34:9 (allusion): After Moses' death Joshua is described as filled with the spirit of wisdom because of Moses' laying on of hands, directly connecting the death of Moses with Joshua's assumption of leadership and the entry into the land.
- Genesis 15:18 (thematic): God's grant of the land to Abraham's descendants establishes the underlying promise being realized when Israel is commanded to cross the Jordan into the land God gives them.
Alternative generated candidates
- My servant Moses is dead; now therefore arise, cross this Jordan, you and all this people, into the land that I am giving to the people of Israel.
- “Moses my servant is dead. Now therefore arise: cross this Jordan, you and all this people, into the land that I am giving to the people of Israel.
Jos.1.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כל: DET
- מקום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- תדרך: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- כף: NOUN,f,sg,construct
- רגלכם: NOUN,f,sg,abs,PRONSUFF,2,m,pl
- בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- נתתיו: VERB,qal,perf,1,com,sg+3,m,sg(obj)
- כאשר: CONJ
- דברתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,sg
- אל: NEG
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 11:24 (verbal): Nearly identical promise: 'Every place whereon the sole of your foot shall tread shall be yours,' repeating the same grant of territory to Israel.
- Deuteronomy 1:8 (quotation): God's command to enter and possess the land He has given to the patriarchs and their descendants—a direct thematic predecessor to Joshua's commission.
- Numbers 33:53 (allusion): Instruction to dispossess the nations and inhabit the land 'for unto you have I given the land,' echoing the promise of possession tied to Israel's entrance.
- Genesis 13:17 (thematic): God's promise to Abraham to give the land and the command to 'walk through the land'—an ancestral foundation for the promise repeated to Moses and Joshua.
Alternative generated candidates
- Every place on which the sole of your foot treads I have given to you, as I spoke to Moses.
- Every place on which the sole of your foot treads I have given to you, as I promised Moses.
Jos.1.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מהמדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- והלבנון: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- ועד: CONJ+PREP
- הנהר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הגדול: ADJ,m,sg,def
- נהר: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- פרת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כל: DET
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- החתים: NOUN,prop,m,pl,def
- ועד: CONJ+PREP
- הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
- הגדול: ADJ,m,sg,def
- מבוא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השמש: NOUN,f,sg,def
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- גבולכם: NOUN,m,sg,def,2,pl
Parallels
- Genesis 15:18 (quotation): God's covenant promise to Abraham uses virtually the same territorial formula—'from the river of Egypt unto the great river, the river Euphrates'—which Joshua 1:4 echoes as the promised boundary.
- Deuteronomy 11:24 (quotation): Deuteronomy repeats the same language as Joshua 1:4 ('from the wilderness and Lebanon... unto the great river, the river Euphrates'), explicitly linking Israel's promised borders to earlier covenantal promises.
- Exodus 23:31 (thematic): God describes setting borders for Israel ('I will set your bounds... from the desert to the river'), a closely related theme of divinely granted territorial limits though with different geographic markers.
- Numbers 34:1-12 (structural): Provides a later, more concrete legal delimitation of the land to be inherited by Israel. While Joshua 1:4 gives sweeping, covenantal boundaries, Numbers 34 offers the practical territorial instructions for allotment.
- 1 Kings 4:21 (thematic): Describes Solomon's rule 'from the river to the land of the Philistines and to the border of Egypt,' echoing the theme of kingship and dominion tied to territorial extent similar to the expansiveness claimed in Joshua 1:4.
Alternative generated candidates
- From the wilderness and this Lebanon even to the great river, the river Euphrates, all the land of the Hittites, and to the Great Sea toward the setting of the sun shall be your border.
- From the wilderness and this Lebanon as far as the great river, the Euphrates— all the land of the Hittites— and to the Great Sea toward the setting of the sun shall be your border.
Jos.1.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לא: PART_NEG
- יתיצב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לפניך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
- כל: DET
- ימי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- חייך: NOUN,m,pl,abs+2ms
- כאשר: CONJ
- הייתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
- עם: PREP
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אהיה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- עמך: NOUN,m,sg,suff-2m
- לא: PART_NEG
- ארפך: VERB,qal,imprf,1,_,sg+PRON,2,m,sg
- ולא: CONJ
- אעזבך: VERB,qal,imprf,1,m,sg+OBJ:2,m,sg
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 31:6 (verbal): God's promise that he 'will not fail you or forsake you' closely matches the wording and assurance given to Joshua (direct verbal parallel).
- Deuteronomy 31:8 (verbal): Repeats the promise that the LORD 'will be with you; he will not fail you nor forsake you,' echoing the same formula of divine presence and non‑abandonment in Joshua 1:5.
- Hebrews 13:5 (quotation): New Testament citation of the OT promise ('I will never leave you nor forsake you'), using the divine assurance found in passages like Joshua/Deuteronomy to exhort believers.
- Matthew 28:20 (allusion): Jesus' closing promise 'I am with you always, to the end of the age' echoes Joshua's 'I will be with you,' transferring the motif of God's abiding presence to the risen Lord.
- Isaiah 41:10 (thematic): Although different wording, Isaiah's 'Fear not, for I am with you... I will uphold you' shares the same theme of God's unwavering presence and comfort against fear and abandonment.
Alternative generated candidates
- No man shall be able to stand before you all the days of your life; as I was with Moses, so I will be with you. I will not fail you or forsake you.
- No one shall stand against you all the days of your life; as I was with Moses, so I will be with you. I will not fail you or forsake you.
Jos.1.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- חזק: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- ואמץ: VERB,hif,perf,3,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- תנחיל: VERB,hiph,impf,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- נשבעתי: VERB,niphal,perf,1,_,sg
- לאבותם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+SUFF,3,m,pl
- לתת: VERB,qal,inf
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 31:6 (quotation): Direct exhortation: 'Be strong and courageous' and assurance of God's presence as Joshua is told to lead the people into the promised land.
- Deuteronomy 31:23 (verbal): Moses' formal commissioning of Joshua uses the same charge and links Joshua's mission to leading Israel into the land.
- Joshua 1:9 (verbal): Immediate repetition within Joshua: another form of the command 'be strong and courageous' with overlapping promises not to be forsaken as Joshua takes leadership.
- Genesis 12:7 (allusion): The patriarchal promise to Abraham—'To your offspring I will give this land'—is the antecedent of 'the land which I swore to their fathers' invoked in Joshua.
- Exodus 6:8 (thematic): God's pledge to bring Israel into the land and give it as an inheritance echoes the promise that the people will inherit the land God swore to the ancestors.
Alternative generated candidates
- Be strong and courageous, for you shall cause this people to inherit the land that I swore to their fathers to give them.
- Be strong and courageous, for you shall put this people in possession of the land that I swore to their fathers to give them.
Jos.1.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- רק: PRT
- חזק: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- ואמץ: VERB,hif,perf,3,m,sg
- מאד: ADV
- לשמר: VERB,qal,inf
- לעשות: VERB,qal,inf
- ככל: PREP
- התורה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- צוך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- עבדי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- אל: NEG
- תסור: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- ממנו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- ימין: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושמאול: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- למען: PREP
- תשכיל: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- תלך: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 5:32 (verbal): Gives the near-identical injunction to 'be careful to do' and not to 'turn to the right or to the left,' matching Joshua's command to observe the law without deviation.
- Deuteronomy 31:7–8 (verbal): Moses' charge to Joshua uses the same exhortation 'be strong and courageous' and prepares Joshua to lead Israel—direct precedent for Joshua 1:7's encouragement.
- Proverbs 4:25–27 (verbal): Advises steadiness of walk—'do not turn to the right or to the left'—echoing Joshua's warning against deviating from the commanded way.
- Deuteronomy 11:22–23 (thematic): Promises prosperity and successful settlement if the people keep God's commandments—parallels Joshua's 'that you may prosper wherever you go' dependent on obedience.
- 1 Chronicles 28:20 (allusion): David's charge to Solomon—'be strong and courageous... do it'—echoes the same leadership commissioning language and call to carry out God's plans.
Alternative generated candidates
- Only be strong and very courageous to keep and to do according to all the law that Moses my servant commanded you. Do not turn from it to the right hand or to the left, that you may act wisely wherever you go.
- Only be strong and very courageous to observe to do according to all the law that Moses my servant commanded you; do not turn from it to the right hand or to the left, so that you may prosper wherever you go.
Jos.1.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לא: PART_NEG
- ימוש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ספר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- התורה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- מפיך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+2ms
- והגית: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- יומם: ADV
- ולילה: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- למען: PREP
- תשמר: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- לעשות: VERB,qal,inf
- ככל: PREP
- הכתוב: ADJ,m,sg,def
- בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- אז: ADV
- תצליח: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- דרכך: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
- ואז: CONJ+ADV
- תשכיל: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
Parallels
- Psalm 1:2-3 (verbal): Speaks of delighting in and meditating on the law 'day and night' and portrays the meditating person as prospering—close verbal and thematic resonance with Joshua's injunction to meditate and prosper.
- Psalm 119:97-104 (verbal): The psalmist repeatedly affirms love for God's law, constant meditation ('all the day'), and the link between knowing God's statutes and wise, successful living—echoes Joshua's call to meditate and keep the law.
- Deuteronomy 6:6-9 (allusion): Commands that the words of the law be kept in the heart, taught continually, and discussed in daily life—the background legal/ethical instruction that Joshua recalls in urging ongoing meditation and obedience.
- Revelation 1:3 (verbal): Pronounces blessing on those who read and 'keep' what is written—parallels Joshua's promise of success tied to observing what is written in the book of the law.
- Proverbs 4:20-22 (thematic): Urges attentive listening to parental wisdom and promises life, health, and success—the proverb's link between attentive meditative attention to instruction and well-being parallels Joshua's promise of prosperous ways.
Alternative generated candidates
- Let this Book of the Law not depart from your mouth; meditate on it day and night, so that you may be careful to do according to all that is written in it. For then you will make your way prosperous, and then you will have success.
- This book of the law shall not depart from your mouth; meditate on it day and night, so that you may be careful to do according to all that is written in it. For then you will make your way prosperous, and then you will have good success.
Jos.1.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הלוא: PART
- צויתיך: VERB,qal,perf,1,-,sg
- חזק: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- ואמץ: VERB,hif,perf,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- תערץ: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- תחת: PREP
- כי: CONJ
- עמך: NOUN,m,sg,suff-2m
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהיך: NOUN,m,sg,prsuf-2ms
- בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- תלך: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Deut.31.6 (verbal): Same command to 'be strong and courageous' and refrain from fear, with promise that the LORD your God goes with you.
- Deut.31.8 (verbal): Closely echoes the assurance that the LORD goes before you and will be with you—'do not be afraid or discouraged'—reinforcing divine presence.
- Isa.41.10 (verbal): God's promise 'Do not fear, for I am with you; I will strengthen you' parallels Joshua's call to courage grounded in God's presence.
- Ps.46.1-2 (thematic): Declares God as refuge and strength and concludes 'therefore we will not fear,' thematically aligning with Joshua's command not to be afraid because God is with him.
Alternative generated candidates
- Have I not commanded you? Be strong and courageous. Do not be afraid or dismayed, for the LORD your God is with you wherever you go.
- Have I not commanded you? Be strong and courageous. Do not be terrified or dismayed, for the LORD your God is with you wherever you go.”
Jos.1.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויצו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהושע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- שטרי: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Joshua 1:11 (structural): Immediate continuation: Joshua summons the officers and then commands them to pass through the camp and prepare the people for crossing the Jordan (direct continuation of the same action).
- Numbers 1:16–18 (structural): Moses appoints and commissions leaders/officers over the tribes to organize and marshal the people—parallel structural role of officers who receive commands from the national leader.
- Deuteronomy 1:13 (thematic): Moses instructs the people to choose wise, known men to be heads over you—same theme of designating and addressing leaders/officials to govern and carry out communal decisions.
- Judges 4:6–8 (thematic): Deborah summons and charges Barak to gather and lead Israel’s fighting men—another example of a leader issuing orders to commanders/captains to muster forces for battle.
- Nehemiah 4:13–14 (thematic): Nehemiah stations and charges watchmen and leaders to be ready for attack—parallel instance of a leader commanding officers to organize, arm, and prepare the people for imminent action.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Joshua commanded the officers of the people, saying,
- And Joshua commanded the officers of the people, saying,
Jos.1.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- עברו: VERB,qal,imp,2,pl
- בקרב: PREP
- המחנה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- וצוו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,ms
- את: PRT,acc
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- הכינו: VERB,hiph,imp,2,m,pl
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- צידה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- בעוד: PREP
- שלשת: NUM,m,pl,abs
- ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
- עברים: PART,qal,ptc,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- הירדן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- לבוא: VERB,qal,inf
- לרשת: VERB,qal,inf
- את: PRT,acc
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהיכם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,pl
- נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- לרשתה: INF,qal,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Joshua 1:2 (verbal): God commands Joshua to 'go over this Jordan' to take possession of the land—an immediate parallel instruction to cross the Jordan and possess the land.
- Joshua 3:1-4 (structural): Narrative of the actual preparations and timing for crossing the Jordan ('after three days' the officers went through the camp), directly continuing the command in 1:11.
- Deuteronomy 1:6-8 (thematic): Earlier commissioning at Horeb—'Arise, go to possess the land'—same theme of setting out under God's command to take possession of the promised land.
- Deuteronomy 9:1 (verbal): Addresses the people about crossing the Jordan 'to go in to possess' stronger peoples—language and occasion closely parallel to Joshua's command to prepare to possess the land.
Alternative generated candidates
- Pass through the midst of the camp and command the people, saying, Prepare your provisions, for within three days you will cross over this Jordan to go in and possess the land that the LORD your God is giving you to possess.
- “Pass through the midst of the camp and command the people, saying, ‘Prepare provisions, for within three days you shall cross over this Jordan to go in to possess the land that the LORD your God gives you to possess.’”
Jos.1.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולראובני: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולגדי: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולחצי: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cons
- שבט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המנשה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהושע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Joshua 1:13-15 (structural): Immediate continuation: Joshua tells the Reubenites, Gadites and half‑Manasseh to remain on the east bank and to help their brethren until the land is possessed—direct instruction following v.12.
- Numbers 32:1-5 (thematic): The origin of the situation: the tribes of Reuben and Gad (and half‑Manasseh) request to settle east of the Jordan because of their livestock—background to Joshua’s address.
- Numbers 32:20-27 (verbal): Moses’ conditional agreement that they may keep the land east of Jordan only if they cross over armed to help conquer Canaan—parallels Joshua’s reminder of their obligation.
- Deuteronomy 3:12-13 (allusion): Reference to the territory of Gilead assigned to Reuben, Gad and the half‑tribe of Manasseh east of the Jordan—links the same tribal allotments addressed by Joshua.
- 1 Chronicles 5:10 (thematic): Historical summary noting the Reubenites, Gadites and the half‑tribe of Manasseh dwelling in Gilead and their military activities east of the Jordan—echoes the tribal placement and role in Joshua 1:12.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then to the Reubenites, and to the Gadites, and to the half-tribe of Manasseh, Joshua spoke, saying,
- And to the Reubenites and the Gadites and the half-tribe of Manasseh Joshua spoke, saying,
Jos.1.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- זכור: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הדבר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- צוה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אתכם: PRT+PRON,2,m,pl
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- עבד: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהיכם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,pl
- מניח: VERB,hip,ptc,3,m,sg
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- ונתן: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- הזאת: DEM,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 12:9-10 (verbal): Uses the same language of not yet having 'rest' and the promise that when Israel crosses the Jordan the LORD will give them rest and the land — close verbal parallel to Joshua 1:13.
- Deuteronomy 3:18-20 (quotation): Moses' instructions to the tribes beyond the Jordan to occupy their inheritance but not to withdraw until their brothers have rest — the specific command Joshua here recalls.
- Numbers 32:20-27 (quotation): Part of the narrative where Moses commands the Reubenites and Gadites (and half‑Manasseh) about settling the land beyond the Jordan and the conditions for helping Israel gain rest in the promised land — the episode Joshua invokes.
- Joshua 21:43-45 (thematic): Summary statement that the LORD gave Israel the land and gave them rest — a later affirmation of the fulfillment of the promise and theme present in Joshua 1:13.
Alternative generated candidates
- Remember the charge that Moses the servant of the LORD commanded you, saying, The LORD your God gives you rest and has given you this land.
- “Remember the word that Moses the servant of the LORD commanded you, saying, ‘The LORD your God gives you rest and has given you this land.’
Jos.1.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- נשיכם: NOUN,f,pl,abs+2mp
- טפכם: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss,2,m,pl
- ומקניכם: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs,2mp
- ישבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בעבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הירדן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואתם: CONJ+PRON,2,pl
- תעברו: VERB,qal,imf,2,m,pl
- חמשים: NUM,card,pl
- לפני: PREP
- אחיכם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+2,m,pl
- כל: DET
- גבורי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- החיל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ועזרתם: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- אותם: PRON,3,m,pl,obj
Parallels
- Numbers 32:16-27 (verbal): The tribes of Reuben and Gad (and half‑Manasseh) promise to remain in the land east of the Jordan while crossing over armed to fight for their brothers—language and commitment closely parallel to Joshua 1:14.
- Deuteronomy 3:18-20 (verbal): Moses instructs those tribes to keep the livestock and towns east of the Jordan but to pass over armed before their brethren to help them until they possess the land—an earlier formulation of the same command.
- Joshua 22:3-4 (thematic): Joshua blesses and dismisses the eastern tribes with the instruction to help their brothers until the LORD gives them rest and then return to their possessions, echoing the obligation described in 1:14.
- 1 Chronicles 5:18-22 (thematic): A historical summary of the Reubenites, Gadites and half‑tribe of Manasseh fighting valiant battles beyond the Jordan and subduing territories—illustrates the military role and settlement pattern reflected in Joshua 1:14.
Alternative generated candidates
- Your wives, your little ones, and your livestock shall remain in the land that Moses gave you beyond the Jordan, but you shall cross over before your brothers, all the valiant warriors, and shall help them,
- Your wives, your little ones, and your cattle shall remain in the land that Moses gave you beyond the Jordan, but you shall cross over ahead of your brothers, every one of you with his fighting men, and you shall help them.
Jos.1.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- עד: PREP
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יניח: VERB,hiph,impf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לאחיכם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+SUF,2,m,pl
- ככם: PREP+PRON,2mp
- וירשו: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- גם: ADV
- המה: PRON,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהיכם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,pl
- נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- ושבתם: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- לארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ירשתכם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,2,pl
- וירשתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- אותה: PRON,dem,3,f,sg
- אשר: PRON,rel
- נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- עבד: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בעבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הירדן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מזרח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השמש: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 3:18-20 (verbal): Almost identical instruction: Moses told the Transjordan tribes to remain until the LORD gives rest to their brothers and they take possession of the land, after which they may return to the inheritance Moses gave them east of the Jordan.
- Joshua 22:4-5 (verbal): Joshua reiterates the same formula—'the LORD your God has given rest to your brothers…return to your homes and to the land of your possession which Moses the servant of the LORD gave you beyond the Jordan'—a direct echo of 1:15.
- Numbers 32:1-42 (structural): Narrative background: the request of Reuben, Gad, and half‑Manasseh to settle east of the Jordan and Moses' conditional grant and settlement allotments provide the historical context for Joshua 1:15.
- 1 Chronicles 5:10-22 (thematic): Chronicles recounts the presence and settlement of Reuben, Gad and the half‑tribe of Manasseh east of the Jordan, reflecting the territorial settlement affirmed in Joshua 1:15.
Alternative generated candidates
- until the LORD gives rest to your brothers as he has to you, and they also take possession of their land. Then you shall return and occupy the land of your possession, which Moses the servant of the LORD gave you beyond the Jordan, to the east of the sun.
- Until the LORD gives rest to your brothers as to you, and they also possess the land that the LORD your God gives them; then you shall return to your own land and shall possess it, the land that Moses the servant of the LORD gave you beyond the Jordan, eastward toward the rising of the sun.
Jos.1.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויענו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- יהושע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- כל: DET
- אשר: PRON,rel
- צויתנו: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- נעשה: VERB,qal,impf,1,pl
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- כל: DET
- אשר: PRON,rel
- תשלחנו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- נלך: VERB,qal,impf,1,pl
Parallels
- Exod.19.8 (verbal): At Sinai the people respond, 'All that the LORD has spoken we will do,' echoing the same pledge of obedience expressed to Joshua.
- Exod.24.3 (verbal): After Moses reads the covenant the people say, 'All the words which the LORD hath said will we do,' a near-verbatim covenantal commitment like Joshua 1:16.
- Josh.24.24 (verbal): Later in Joshua the people again pledge obedience—'We will serve the LORD and obey his voice'—reiterating the same communal promise to follow leadership and God's commands.
- Deut.31.7-8 (structural): Moses commissions Joshua and exhorts courage and continuity of leadership; Joshua 1:16 functions within this same commissioning framework where the people commit to follow their new leader.
- 1Chron.12.38 (thematic): When Israel unites to make David king they come 'with a perfect heart' and are of one mind to follow him—a thematic parallel of communal submission and willingness to go where a leader sends them.
Alternative generated candidates
- And they answered Joshua, saying, Whatever you have commanded us we will do, and wherever you send us we will go.
- And they answered Joshua, saying, “All that you have commanded us we will do, and wherever you send us we will go.
Jos.1.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ככל: PREP
- אשר: PRON,rel
- שמענו: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,pl
- אל: NEG
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- כן: ADV
- נשמע: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
- אליך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
- רק: PRT
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהיך: NOUN,m,sg,prsuf-2ms
- עמך: NOUN,m,sg,suff-2m
- כאשר: CONJ
- היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- עם: PREP
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Joshua 1:5 (verbal): Direct verbal parallel — the promise 'as I was with Moses, so I will be with you' echoes the divine assurance of God's presence given earlier in the chapter.
- Deuteronomy 31:7,23 (thematic): Moses' public commissioning of Joshua and the charge to be strong and courageous underlies Israel's pledge of obedience to Joshua and the transfer of leadership.
- Numbers 27:18-23 (structural): God instructs Moses to lay hands on Joshua and set him before Eleazar—an institutional act of succession that corresponds to Israel's commitment to follow Joshua.
- Exodus 33:14-17 (allusion): The appeal that 'the LORD your God be with you as he was with Moses' alludes to the distinctive divine presence and favor experienced by Moses, especially language about God's presence going with him.
- Deuteronomy 34:9 (thematic): Notes Joshua's endowment with wisdom by Moses' laying on of hands and Israel's reverence for him, reinforcing the basis for their sworn obedience in Joshua 1:17.
Alternative generated candidates
- Just as we obeyed Moses in all things, so we will obey you; only may the LORD your God be with you as he was with Moses.
- Just as we obeyed Moses in all things, so we will obey you; only may the LORD your God be with you as he was with Moses.
Jos.1.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כל: DET
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- ימרה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- פיך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+2ms
- ולא: CONJ
- ישמע: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- דבריך: NOUN,m,pl,abs+2ms
- לכל: PREP
- אשר: PRON,rel
- תצונו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg+3,m,sg
- יומת: VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,sg
- רק: PRT
- חזק: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- ואמץ: VERB,hif,perf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Joshua 1:16 (structural): Immediate parallel within the same scene: the people pledge obedience to Joshua and add the same exhortation ‘only be strong and courageous,’ framing the command-and-obedience dynamic that 1:18 enforces.
- Joshua 1:7 (verbal): Echoes the distinctive refrain ‘only be strong and very courageous’ used several times in Joshua 1 as a leadership charge and reassurance to Joshua amid commands that require strict enforcement.
- Deuteronomy 17:12 (allusion): Prescribes death for one who acts presumptuously against judicial decisions (‘shall be put to death’), providing the legal background for executing those who refuse to heed an authorized leader’s word.
- Deuteronomy 13:5 (thematic): Commands the community to purge and put to death those who lead others into idolatry; thematically parallels the injunction to eliminate rebels who refuse obedience to covenant leadership.
- 1 Samuel 15:23 (thematic): Links rebellion against God’s appointed authority with grave consequence (Rebellion likened to witchcraft), underscoring the ideological rationale for severe punishment of disobedience to divinely sanctioned leaders.
Alternative generated candidates
- And whoever rebels against your command and does not obey your words, whatever you command him, shall be put to death. Only be strong and courageous.
- Any man who rebels against your word and does not obey your words in all that you command him shall be put to death. Only be strong and courageous.”
Now after the death of Moses the servant of the LORD, the LORD spoke to Joshua son of Nun, Moses' attendant, saying:
“Moses my servant is dead; now therefore arise, cross this Jordan, you and all this people, into the land that I am giving to the people of Israel.
Every place that the sole of your foot shall tread I have given to you, as I spoke to Moses.
From the wilderness and this Lebanon even to the great river, the River Euphrates, all the land of the Hittites, and to the Great Sea toward the west shall be your border.
No man shall be able to stand before you all the days of your life; as I was with Moses, so I will be with you; I will not fail you or forsake you.
Be strong and courageous, for you shall cause this people to inherit the land that I swore to their fathers to give them.
Only be strong and very courageous to observe and do all the law that Moses my servant commanded you; do not turn from it to the right hand or to the left, so that you may prosper wherever you go.
This Book of the Law shall not depart from your mouth; meditate on it day and night, that you may be careful to do according to all that is written in it; for then you will make your way prosperous and then you will succeed.
Have I not commanded you? Be strong and courageous; do not be terrified or dismayed, for the LORD your God is with you wherever you go.” And Joshua commanded the officers of the people, saying,
“Pass through the camp and command the people, saying, ‘Prepare provisions for yourselves; for within three days you are to cross this Jordan to go in and possess the land that the LORD your God is giving you to possess.’” And to the Reubenites and the Gadites and the half‑tribe of Manasseh Joshua said,
“Remember the word that Moses the servant of the LORD commanded you, saying, ‘The LORD your God has given you rest and has given you this land.’”
Your wives, your little ones, and your livestock shall remain in the land that Moses gave you beyond the Jordan; but you shall cross over ahead of your brothers, every valiant man, and help them,
until the LORD gives rest to your brothers as to you and they also take possession of the land that the LORD your God gives them. Then you shall return to the land of your possession and shall possess it, which Moses the servant of the LORD gave you beyond the Jordan eastward.” And they answered Joshua, saying, “All that you command us we will do, and wherever you send us we will go.
As we obeyed Moses in all things, so we will obey you; only may the LORD your God be with you as he was with Moses.
Whoever rebels against your command and will not obey your words, whatever you command him, shall be put to death. Only be strong and courageous.”