Judgment on Elam and Future Restoration
Jeremiah 49:34-39
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Jer.49.34 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אשר: PRON,rel
- היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- ירמיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הנביא: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אל: NEG
- עילם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בראשית: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מלכות: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- צדקיה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Jeremiah 34:1 (structural): Same prophetic superscription formula; both verses date an oracle to the reign of Zedekiah, marking the historical setting for a prophecy.
- Jeremiah 46:1 (structural): Introductory formula 'The word of the LORD that came to Jeremiah concerning the nations'—same genre and phrasing introducing an oracle against a foreign power.
- Jeremiah 25:1 (structural): Uses the prefatory phrase 'The word that came to Jeremiah' to introduce a major prophetic message—parallel in form and prophetic commissioning.
- Isaiah 13:1 (thematic): Begins with 'The burden of Babylon'—an oracle against a nation; parallels Jeremiah 49:34 in genre and purpose (judgment oracle directed at a foreign people).
Alternative generated candidates
- Concerning Elam. The word of the LORD came to Jeremiah the prophet at the beginning of the reign of Zedekiah king of Judah, saying:
- This was the word of the LORD to Jeremiah the prophet concerning Elam, at the beginning of the reign of Zedekiah king of Judah, saying:
Jer.49.35 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- הנני: PRT+PRON,1,sg
- שבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- קשת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עילם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ראשית: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- גבורתם: NOUN,f,sg,abs,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Jeremiah 49:34 (structural): Introductory context for the oracle against Elam; sets the topic and connects directly with v.35's pronouncement.
- Jeremiah 49:36 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same oracle describing the overthrow of Elam's rulers and land—completes the judgment announced in v.35.
- Psalm 46:9 (verbal): Uses the same image of God 'breaking the bow' and disabling weapons—verbal and thematic parallel portraying divine disarmament of nations.
- Zechariah 9:10 (thematic): Speaks of cutting off the battle-bow as part of God’s action to end war—a closely related motif of God removing martial power.
- Genesis 10:22 (thematic): Identifies Elam as a descendant-nation (son of Shem), providing ethnic/backgroundal context for the oracle addressed to Elam.
Alternative generated candidates
- Thus says the LORD of hosts: Behold, I will break the bow of Elam, the first of their might.
- Thus says the LORD of hosts: Behold, I will break the bow of Elam, the first of their might.
Jer.49.36 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והבאתי: VERB,hif,perf,1,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- עילם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ארבע: NUM,card,f
- רוחות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- מארבע: PREP+NUM,card,f
- קצות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- השמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- וזרתים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לכל: PREP
- הרחות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- האלה: DEM,pl
- ולא: CONJ
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- הגוי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לא: PART_NEG
- יבוא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- שם: ADV
- נדחי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- עילם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 49:34-35 (structural): Immediate context: the judgment oracle against Elam continues—God declares overthrow of Elam’s power and scattering of its people, setting the same act of dispersal as in v.36.
- Ezekiel 37:9 (verbal): Uses the phrase 'from the four winds' to summon breath/wind from all directions; similar imagery of winds from the four quarters acting upon a scattered people (here, bringing life to the dispersed bones).
- Daniel 7:2 (verbal): Speaks of 'the four winds of heaven' stirring the great sea—uses the same four-winds motif to portray divine movement affecting nations, akin to Jeremiah’s winds scattering Elamites.
- Isaiah 11:11 (thematic): Describes the LORD gathering the exiles from the 'four corners'—the reverse motif of dispersal/gathering of peoples from all directions, thematically related to Jeremiah’s scattering of Elam’s refugees.
- Revelation 7:1 (allusion): Depicts four angels holding back the four winds of the earth—apocalyptic appropriation of the four-winds motif governing nations and peoples, echoing OT language of winds sent over the earth.
Alternative generated candidates
- I will bring against Elam four winds from the four corners of the heavens and scatter them to every wind; there shall be no nation to which the exiles of Elam will not go.
- And I will bring upon Elam four winds from the four quarters of the heavens, and I will scatter them to all those winds; there shall be no people to which the fugitives of Elam will not go.
Jer.49.37 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והחתתי: VERB,hiph,perf,1,_,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- עילם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לפני: PREP
- איביהם: NOUN,m,pl,suff_3mp
- ולפני: CONJ+PREP
- מבקשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- נפשם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3,m,pl
- והבאתי: VERB,hif,perf,1,m,sg
- עליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
- רעה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- חרון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אפי: NOUN,m,sg,poss1s
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ושלחתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,sg
- אחריהם: PREP,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- החרב: NOUN,f,sg,def
- עד: PREP
- כלותי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- אותם: PRON,3,m,pl,obj
Parallels
- Jeremiah 49:34 (verbal): Opening announcement of the oracle against Elam—declares that God will bring disaster on Elam; 49:37 continues and specifies the sending of the sword and consuming them (same prophetic unit).
- Jeremiah 49:35 (verbal): Immediate continuation of the Elam oracle describing their wealth and security before the sudden calamity; closely linked language and theme of divine judgment in 49:37.
- Jeremiah 49:36 (structural): Follows 49:37 in the same oracle; describes the scattering of Elam 'from the four winds,' a complementary image to the pursuit and consumption by the sword in 49:37.
- Isaiah 11:11 (thematic): Lists Elam among distant nations in God’s eschatological activity—contrasts Jeremiah’s judgment oracle by portraying Elam as one of the peoples involved in future divine restoration or recovery.
- Genesis 10:22 (structural): Genealogical reference identifying Elam as a son of Shem; provides ethnic/historical background for the nation targeted in Jeremiah's oracle (helps explain why Elam appears in Israelite prophetic tradition).
Alternative generated candidates
- I will abase Elam before their enemies and before those who seek their lives; I will bring upon them disaster—the burning of my wrath, says the LORD—and I will send the sword after them until I have consumed them.
- I will make Elam fall before their enemies and before those who seek their lives; I will bring upon them the calamity of my burning anger, says the LORD, and I will send the sword after them until I have made an end of them.
Jer.49.38 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ושמתי: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- כסאי: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1cs
- בעילם: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- והאבדתי: VERB,hiph,perf,1,*,sg
- משם: PREP
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ושרים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 49:34 (structural): Immediate context of the same oracle against Elam: God declares he will break Elam’s bow—part of the same proclamation that culminates in placing his throne in Elam and overthrowing its rulers.
- Jeremiah 25:25 (allusion): Elam appears in a list of nations judged or brought under foreign power; echoes the prophetic attention to Elam’s fate and subjugation.
- Isaiah 11:11 (thematic): In the ‘latter days’ Yahweh acts decisively among nations and specifically names Elam as a people from whom God will act—parallel theme of divine intervention in Elam’s destiny.
- Ezekiel 21:26–27 (thematic): God’s removal of a crown and overturning of a throne parallels Jeremiah’s statement about destroying the king and princes—shared imagery of divine dethronement and transfer of rule.
- Psalm 2:8–9 (thematic): The motif of God dealing with kings and rulers (granting nations, breaking rulers) resonates with the declaration that Yahweh will set his throne in Elam and overthrow its king and princes.
Alternative generated candidates
- I will set my throne in Elam, and I will destroy from there king and princes, says the LORD.
- I will place my throne in Elam, and I will destroy from there king and princes, says the LORD.
Jer.49.39 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- באחרית: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,const
- הימים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשיב: VERB,hiphil,impf,1,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- שבות: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- עילם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 11:11 (verbal): Both speak of a future ('in that day'/'in the latter days') recovery by the LORD and Isaiah explicitly lists Elam among the nations from which a remnant is gathered.
- Jeremiah 30:3 (verbal): Within Jeremiah the same promise-form: 'days are coming... I will restore the fortunes of my people' — parallel language and theme of future restoration.
- Ezekiel 39:25 (thematic): God's pledge to 'bring back the captives' and restore Israel parallels Jeremiah's promise to restore a nation's fortunes in the eschatological future.
- Jeremiah 29:10 (structural): A promise of return tied to a divinely appointed time ('when seventy years are completed... I will bring you back') — parallels the temporal/eschatological framework for restoration.
- Amos 9:14-15 (thematic): A prophetic promise that God will replant and restore Israel, renewing land and fortunes — echoes the restoration motif and 'latter-days' reversal of exile.
Alternative generated candidates
- But in the latter days I will restore the fortunes of Elam, says the LORD.
- But in the latter days I will restore Elam’s fortunes—I will bring back its captives, says the LORD.
Concerning Elam. The word of the LORD that came to Jeremiah the prophet at the beginning of the reign of Zedekiah king of Judah, saying: Thus says the LORD of hosts: Behold, I will break the bow of Elam, the first of their might. And I will bring upon Elam the four winds from the four corners of the heavens, and I will scatter them to all those winds; and there shall be no nation to which the fugitives of Elam will not be driven.
I will put Elam before their enemies and before those who seek their lives; I will bring upon them disaster—the fierceness of my wrath, declares the LORD—and I will send the sword after them until I have consumed them.
I will set my throne in Elam, and from there I will destroy king and princes, declares the LORD. But in the latter days I will restore Elam’s fortunes, declares the LORD.