The Branch and the Renewal of Zion
Isaiah 4:2-6
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Isa.4.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ביום: PREP
- ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- צמח: NOUN,m,sg,cs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לצבי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולכבוד: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ופרי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- לגאון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולתפארת: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לפליטת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cs
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 11:1 (verbal): Uses the same 'branch' (netser) imagery for a future Davidic shoot—linking messianic/renewal expectation to Isa 4:2's 'branch of the LORD.'
- Jeremiah 23:5 (allusion): Speaks of a coming 'righteous Branch' (king) from David who will reign wisely—parallels Isa 4:2's hope in a glorious shoot/leader for restored Israel.
- Zechariah 6:12 (verbal): Refers explicitly to 'the Branch' who will build the temple and rule—uses the same technical title and kingly/restorative role as in Isa 4:2.
- Isaiah 27:6 (thematic): Promises Israel will 'blossom and bud' and fill the world with fruit—echoes Isa 4:2's motif of fruitful restoration and the 'fruit of the earth' for Israel's remnant.
- Hosea 14:6-7 (thematic): Imagery of flourishing branches, attractiveness and fruitfulness for Israel after repentance—parallels Isa 4:2's themes of beauty, glory and productive restoration.
Alternative generated candidates
- In that day a shoot of the LORD shall be for beauty and for glory, and the produce of the land for honor and for splendor to the remnant of Israel.
- In that day there shall be a Branch of the LORD for beauty and for glory; the fruit of the land shall be pride and splendor to the remnant of Israel.
Isa.4.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- הנשאר: ADJ,ptcp,qal,m,sg,def
- בציון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- והנותר: ADJ,ptc,m,sg,def
- בירושלם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- קדוש: ADJ,m,sg
- יאמר: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- כל: DET
- הכתוב: ADJ,m,sg,def
- לחיים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בירושלם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 10:20-23 (thematic): Speaks of a surviving remnant of Israel after judgment—same remnant motif (those who remain in Zion/Judah) that Isaiah 4:3 declares holy.
- Romans 11:5 (allusion): Paul echoes the prophetic idea of a preserved remnant (‘a remnant chosen by grace’), applying Isaiah’s remnant theme to the people of God in the eschatological present.
- Joel 2:32 (thematic): Promises deliverance and salvation ‘in Mount Zion and in Jerusalem’ for those who call on the Lord—parallels Isaiah 4:3’s focus on those remaining in Zion/Jerusalem who are saved/recognized as holy.
- Luke 10:20 (verbal): Jesus tells the disciples to rejoice that ‘your names are written in heaven,’ echoing Isaiah 4:3’s language about those ‘written for life’ in Jerusalem (i.e., divine recording of the saved).
- Revelation 3:5 (verbal): Promises that the faithful’s names will not be blotted out of the book of life—directly parallels Isaiah 4:3’s image of those ‘written for life’ and preserved as holy.
Alternative generated candidates
- And those who remain in Zion, and those who are left in Jerusalem, shall be called holy—everyone inscribed among the living in Jerusalem.
- And he who remains in Zion and he who is left in Jerusalem shall be called holy—everyone enrolled among the living in Jerusalem.
Isa.4.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אם: CONJ
- רחץ: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- צאת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- בנות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ציון: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- דמי: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1cs
- ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ידיח: VERB,hif,impf,3,m,sg
- מקרבה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,f,sg
- ברוח: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- משפט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וברוח: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בער: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Zechariah 13:1 (verbal): A fountain opened to cleanse the inhabitants of Jerusalem—direct cleansing-from-uncleanness imagery closely parallels Isaiah’s washing/cleansing of Zion.
- Ezekiel 36:25-27 (thematic): God promises to sprinkle clean water, cleanse the people and put a new spirit within them—washing plus the gift of a purifying/renewing spirit echoes Isaiah’s ‘washed… by spirit of judgment/ burning.’
- Isaiah 1:25-26 (verbal): God’s refining by fire and purging of dross to restore righteous judges parallels the language of judgment, burning, and internal cleansing in Isa. 4:4.
- Malachi 3:2-3 (allusion): The Lord as refiner and purifier who will purify the sons of Levi—uses refiner’s-fire imagery akin to Isaiah’s ‘spirit of burning’ that cleanses Jerusalem.
- Psalm 51:2 (thematic): Petition to be washed and made clean (‘Purge me… wash me’) reflects the penitential/cleansing motif underlying Isaiah’s promise to wash away Zion’s filth.
Alternative generated candidates
- When the LORD has washed away the filth of the daughters of Zion and has purged the blood of Jerusalem from its midst—by a spirit of justice and by a spirit of burning—
- When the LORD shall have washed away the filth of the daughters of Zion, and shall have cleansed the blood of Jerusalem from its midst, by a spirit of judgment and by a spirit of burning.
Isa.4.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וברא: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- כל: DET
- מכון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הר: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ציון: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- מקראה: NOUN,f,sg,poss3fs
- ענן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יומם: ADV
- ועשן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ונגה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- להבה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לילה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- על: PREP
- כל: DET
- כבוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חפה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Exodus 13:21-22 (verbal): Speaks of a pillar of cloud by day and a pillar of fire by night guiding Israel—same language and imagery of God's presence as cloud/day and fire/night.
- Exodus 40:34-38 (verbal): Describes the cloud covering the tent of meeting and the appearance of fire by night as the sign of the LORD's glory—direct parallel to God's cloud and flaming fire over a sacred dwelling.
- Numbers 9:15-23 (thematic): The cloud over the tabernacle that determined Israel's encampments and movements—echoes the motif of a divine canopy signifying presence and protection.
- 1 Kings 8:10-11 (thematic): At Solomon's dedication the cloud filled the temple so that the priests could not stand to minister—parallels the cloud as overwhelming sign of God's glory covering the holy place.
- Ezekiel 43:4-5 (allusion): The glory of the LORD fills the temple and a cloud fills the house—an Ezekiel echo of divine glory and cloud overshadowing the sanctuary, comparable to Isaiah's image over Mount Zion.
Alternative generated candidates
- then the LORD will create over every dwelling on Mount Zion and over her assemblies a cloud by day, and smoke and the radiance of flaming fire by night; for over all the glory there will be a canopy.
- And the LORD will make over every dwelling on Mount Zion and over her assemblies a cloud by day, and smoke, and the shining of a flaming fire by night; for over all the glory there will be a canopy.
Isa.4.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וסכה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- תהיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,f,sg
- לצל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יומם: ADV
- מחרב: PREP
- ולמחסה: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולמסתור: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מזרם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וממטר: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 25:4 (verbal): Explicitly uses the same refuge/shade imagery—God as a refuge from the storm and a shade from heat, closely paralleling the booth/shelter language.
- Isaiah 32:2 (verbal): Describes a protector as a ‘hiding place from the wind’ and a ‘covert from the tempest,’ echoing the sheltering and protective motifs of Isa. 4:6.
- Psalm 91:1–2 (thematic): Speaks of dwelling ‘in the secret place’ and ‘under the shadow of the Almighty,’ emphasizing divine shelter and refuge like the booth/shade of Isa. 4:6.
- Psalm 27:5 (verbal): ‘He will hide me in his pavilion in the day of trouble’ uses pavilion/booth imagery (Heb. sukkah-like) for divine protection, closely resonant with Isa. 4:6.
- Psalm 121:5–7 (thematic): Describes the LORD as a keeper and shade who protects from sun, heat, and harm—echoing Isa. 4:6’s functions of shade, refuge, and shelter from storms.
Alternative generated candidates
- And there shall be a booth for shade by day from the heat, and for a refuge and for a shelter from storm and from rain.
- And there shall be a shelter to give shade by day from the heat, and a refuge and a hiding-place from storm and rain.
On that day the Branch of the LORD shall be for splendor and for glory, and the fruit of the land for honor and for beauty to the remnant of Israel. And the survivor in Zion and the remnant in Jerusalem shall be called holy—everyone written among the living in Jerusalem.
When the LORD has washed away the filth of the daughters of Zion, and has purged the blood of Jerusalem from her midst, by a spirit of judgment and by a spirit of burning.
Then the LORD will create over every dwelling on Mount Zion and over her assemblies a cloud by day, and smoke and the radiance of a flaming fire by night; for over all the glory there shall be a canopy. And there will be a shelter for shade by day from the heat, and for refuge and for a hiding place from storm and from rain.