Peter at Cornelius' House: Gentiles Receive the Spirit
Acts 10:24-48
Acts.10.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- δε: CONJ
- επαυριον: ADV
- εισηλθεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- εις: PREP
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- Καισαρειαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- Κορνηλιος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ην: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- προσδοκων: PART,pres,act,nom,sg,m
- αυτους: PRON,acc,pl,m
- συγκαλεσαμενος: VERB,aor,mid,part,nom,sg,m
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- συγγενεις: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- αναγκαιους: ADJ,acc,pl,m
- φιλους: NOUN,acc,pl,m
Parallels
- Acts 10:1-8 (structural): Sets the scene for 10:24—Cornelius's vision and instruction to send for Peter explain why he summons his relatives and close friends and awaits the visitors.
- Acts 10:22 (verbal): The messengers report Cornelius's vision and his sending for Peter; connects to 10:24's note that Cornelius had sent and was expecting them.
- Acts 10:33 (thematic): When Peter arrives Cornelius explains that all are present 'to hear'—shows the purpose of assembling relatives and friends (to hear God's message through Peter).
- Acts 16:15 (thematic): Lydia gathers Paul and invites them into her household, and her household believes and is baptized—parallel of a host assembling and receiving missionaries with the aim of hearing and responding to the gospel.
Alternative generated candidates
- They entered Caesarea; Cornelius was waiting for them and had gathered together his kinsmen and close friends.
- On the next day they entered Caesarea. Cornelius was expecting them and had summoned his relatives and close friends.
Acts.10.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ως: ADV
- δε: CONJ
- εγενετο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- εισελθειν: VERB,pres,mid,inf
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- Πετρον: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- συναντησας: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,sg,m
- αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- Κορνηλιος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- πεσων: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,sg,m
- επι: PREP
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- ποδας: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- προσεκυνησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- Acts 10:26 (structural): Immediate literary continuation: Peter rebukes Cornelius’ prostration, saying he too is a man—direct response to v.25’s worshipful gesture.
- Acts 14:11-15 (thematic): Crowd in Lystra attempts to worship Paul and Barnabas and prepare sacrifices; the apostles reject and correct the worship of humans, paralleling the issue of human worship in Acts 10:25.
- Luke 5:8 (thematic): Peter falls at Jesus’ knees on recognizing divine holiness—prostration motif showing awe/unworthiness similar to Cornelius’ falling at Peter’s feet.
- Revelation 22:8-9 (allusion): John falls down to worship an angel and is rebuked with the command not to worship a creature; closely parallels the motif of falling before a human/angel and being corrected.
Alternative generated candidates
- As Peter entered, Cornelius met him and fell at his feet and worshiped him.
- When Peter entered, Cornelius met him and fell at his feet and worshiped him.
Acts.10.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- Πετρος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ηγειρεν: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- λεγων·Αναστηθι·και: PART,pres,act,nom,sg,m
- εγω: PRON,nom,sg,1
- αυτος: PRON,nom,sg,3,m
- ανθρωπος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ειμι: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
Parallels
- Revelation 22:8-9 (verbal): John falls down to worship an angel and is rebuked: the angel says not to do so and identifies himself as a fellow servant — parallels Peter preventing prostration and insisting he is merely a man/servant.
- Revelation 19:10 (verbal): An angel refuses worship and emphasizes that he is a fellow servant and that worship belongs to God — closely mirrors Acts 10:26's refusal of adoration and self-identification as a human/servant.
- Acts 14:14-15 (verbal): When the Lystra crowd attempt to worship Paul and Barnabas as gods, the apostles tear their clothes and declare, 'We are men like you,' directly paralleling Peter's protest 'I too am a man.'
- Luke 5:8 (thematic): When Simon Peter sees Jesus' power he falls at Jesus' knees in humility and confesses his sinfulness; thematically related as an episode of prostration before a perceived superior and the human response of the one being revered.
Alternative generated candidates
- But Peter lifted him up, saying, "Stand up; I myself am also a man."
- But Peter lifted him up, saying, 'Stand up; I myself am also a man.'
Acts.10.27 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- συνομιλων: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,sg,m
- αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
- εισηλθεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- ευρισκει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- συνεληλυθοτας: VERB,aor,act,part,acc,pl,m
- πολλους: ADJ,acc,pl,m
Parallels
- Acts 10:33 (structural): Same scene/chapter — shortly after 10:27 the narrator emphasizes that a large assembly is present to hear Peter ('we are all here present...'), showing the purpose of the gathering Peter finds.
- Mark 2:2 (verbal): Describes a house in which 'many were gathered together' (συναχθησαν πολλοι), echoing the language and setting of someone entering and finding a crowded house.
- Mark 1:33 (verbal): Reports that 'many were gathered together' at the door and around Jesus—another close verbal parallel where large numbers assemble at a house or place of teaching/healing.
- Acts 2:1 (thematic): The motif of believers/gathered people assembled in one place to witness God's action/teaching; both verses depict a significant gathering as the setting for a pivotal apostolic event.
Alternative generated candidates
- And as he talked with him, he went in and found many who had come together.
- As he talked with him, he went in and found many gathered there.
Acts.10.28 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- εφη: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- τε: CONJ
- προς: PREP
- αυτους·Υμεις: PRON,acc,pl,m + PRON,nom,pl,2
- επιστασθε: VERB,pres,mid,ind,2,pl
- ως: ADV
- αθεμιτον: ADJ,nom,sg,n
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- ανδρι: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- Ιουδαιω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- κολλασθαι: VERB,pres,mid,inf
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- προσερχεσθαι: VERB,pres,mid,inf
- αλλοφυλω·καμοι: NOUN,dat,sg,m+CONJ+PRON,dat,sg,1
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- θεος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- εδειξεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- μηδενα: PRON,acc,sg,m
- κοινον: ADJ,acc,sg,n
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- ακαθαρτον: ADJ,nom,sg,neut
- λεγειν: VERB,pres,act,inf
- ανθρωπον·: NOUN,acc,sg,m
Parallels
- Acts 10:15 (quotation): Peter's vision: the voice says 'What God has cleansed, do not call common'—the same divine command that underlies Peter's declaration here.
- Acts 11:9-10 (quotation): Peter's later retelling of the vision to the Jerusalem believers, repeating the language that no person is to be called common or unclean.
- Acts 15:8-9 (thematic): The Jerusalem Council's conclusion that God made no distinction between Jews and Gentiles and purified their hearts by faith parallels Peter's claim that God showed him not to regard Gentiles as unclean.
- Galatians 3:28 (thematic): Paul's statement that there is neither Jew nor Greek in Christ echoes the same theological impulse to remove ethnic distinctions reflected in Peter's refusal to call Gentiles 'common' or 'unclean.'
Alternative generated candidates
- Peter said to them, "You yourselves know how unlawful it is for a Jew to associate with or visit a foreigner; yet God has shown me that I should not call any person common or unclean.
- And Peter said to them, 'You yourselves know that it is unlawful for a Jew to associate with or visit one of another nation; yet God has shown me that I should not call any person common or unclean.
Acts.10.29 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- διο: CONJ
- και: CONJ
- αναντιρρητως: ADV
- ηλθον: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- μεταπεμφθεις: VERB,aor,pass,part,nom,m,sg
- πυνθανομαι: VERB,pres,mid,ind,1,sg
- ουν: CONJ
- τινι: PRON,dat,sg,neut
- λογω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- μετεπεμψασθε: VERB,aor,act,ind,2,sg
- με: PRON,acc,sg,1
Parallels
- Acts 10:22 (structural): Immediate context: identifies the men sent by Cornelius and sets up Peter's response—directly connected to Peter's question about why he was summoned.
- Acts 11:12–17 (thematic): Peter's later account to the Jerusalem church recounts how the Spirit directed him to go with Cornelius' messengers and explains his coming—resolves the question of why he was sent for and its divine sanction.
- Luke 7:1–10 (thematic): A Gentile centurion sends Jewish elders (and/or friends) to Jesus to ask healing for his servant—parallels Cornelius (also a centurion) dispatching messengers to a Jewish apostle and the theme of Gentile faith prompting a summons.
- John 4:46–53 (thematic): A royal official sends for Jesus to heal his son; like Cornelius' delegation, an emissary is sent to summon a Jewish holy figure for help—shared motif of petitioning and being sent for.
Alternative generated candidates
- Therefore I came without objection when I was sent for; so I ask, for what reason did you send for me?"
- Therefore I came without objection when I was sent for. May I ask why you sent for me?'
Acts.10.30 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Και: CONJ
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- Κορνηλιος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- εφη·Απο: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- τεταρτης: ADJ,gen,sg,f
- ημερας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- μεχρι: PREP
- ταυτης: DEM,gen,sg,f
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- ωρας: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- ημην: VERB,impf,act,ind,1,sg
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- ενατην: ADJ,acc,sg,f
- προσευχομενος: VERB,part,pres,mid,nom,sg,m
- εν: PREP
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- οικω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- μου: PRON,gen,sg,1
- και: CONJ
- ιδου: PART
- ανηρ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- εστη: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- ενωπιον: PREP
- μου: PRON,gen,sg,1
- εν: PREP
- εσθητι: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- λαμπρα: ADJ,dat,sg,f
Parallels
- Acts 10:3 (structural): Earlier in the chapter Cornelius receives an angelic visitation; both passages describe a divine appearance to Cornelius that prompts action.
- Acts 10:4 (verbal): The angel tells Cornelius that his prayers and alms have gone up as a memorial before God—this directly connects to Cornelius' report that he was praying and then saw a heavenly figure.
- Acts 10:9 (thematic): Peter is praying on the housetop and falls into a trance, receiving a vision—parallels Cornelius' experience of prayer followed by a supernatural appearance, linking prayer with revelation.
- Acts 3:1 (verbal): Uses the same formula 'the hour of prayer, the ninth hour'; this verbal parallel ties Cornelius' practice to established Jewish prayer times and highlights the significance of the ninth hour for prayer.
Alternative generated candidates
- Cornelius replied, "Four days ago I was fasting until this hour; at the ninth hour I was praying in my house, and behold, a man stood before me in bright clothing,
- Cornelius answered, 'Four days ago, about this hour, I was praying in my house; and behold, a man stood before me in bright clothing,
Acts.10.31 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- φησι·Κορνηλιε: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- εισηκουσθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
- σου: PRON,gen,sg,2
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- προσευχη: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- αι: ART,nom,pl,f
- ελεημοσυναι: NOUN,nom,pl,f
- σου: PRON,gen,sg,2
- εμνησθησαν: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,pl
- ενωπιον: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Revelation 8:3-4 (verbal): Both passages portray the prayers of the faithful as presented before God (Revelation speaks of the prayers of the saints rising before God like incense).
- Hebrews 6:10 (verbal): Affirms that God remembers believers' works and acts of love/mercy—parallel to Cornelius’ alms being remembered by God.
- Luke 18:7-8 (thematic): Emphasizes that God hears and will vindicate the pleas of his people, resonating with the declaration that Cornelius’ prayer was heard.
- Luke 11:9-10 (thematic): General promise that those who ask will receive—provides a wider New Testament context for the assurance that Cornelius’ prayer reached God.
- Matthew 25:40 (thematic): Connects acts of mercy toward others with service to God, supporting the idea that almsgiving is significant and remembered by God.
Alternative generated candidates
- and he said, 'Cornelius, your prayer has been heard and your alms have been remembered before God.
- and said,
Acts.10.32 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- πεμψον: VERB,aor,act,imp,2,sg
- ουν: CONJ
- εις: PREP
- Ιοππην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- μετακαλεσαι: VERB,aor,act,inf
- Σιμωνα: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- ος: PRON,nom,sg,m
- επικαλειται: VERB,pres,mid,ind,3,sg
- Πετρος·ουτος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ξενιζεται: VERB,pres,mid,ind,3,sg
- εν: PREP
- οικια: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- Σιμωνος: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- βυρσεως: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- παρα: PREP
- θαλασσαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
Parallels
- Acts 10:5-6 (quotation): The angelic instruction to Cornelius explicitly repeats the command to send to Joppa for 'Simon who is called Peter' and mentions that he is lodging in the house of Simon the tanner (verbatim parallel).
- Acts 9:43 (verbal): When Luke first introduces Peter's stay in Joppa, he states he 'lodged with one Simon a tanner by the sea,' the same identifying detail repeated in Acts 10:32.
- Acts 10:24 (verbal): The messengers sent to Joppa arrive and 'call' at the house of Simon the tanner to fetch Peter, echoing the locational and household detail of Acts 10:32 in the narrative action.
- Acts 11:12 (structural): In Peter's report to the Jerusalem believers he recalls being at Joppa with 'one Simon who was surnamed Peter' (and the events leading to Cornelius), reiterating the Joppa/tanner setting as part of Luke's overall account.
Alternative generated candidates
- Send therefore to Joppa and summon Simon who is called Peter; he will speak to you words by which you and all your household will be saved.'
- I ask you, then, what permitted you to send for me?'
Acts.10.33 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- εξαυτης: PREP+PRON,gen,sg,f
- ουν: CONJ
- επεμψα: VERB,aor,act,ind,1,sg
- προς: PREP
- σε: PRON,acc,sg,2
- συ: PRON,nom,sg,2
- τε: CONJ
- καλως: ADV
- εποιησας: VERB,aor,act,ptc,nom,m,sg
- παραγενομενος: VERB,aor,mid,part,nom,sg,m
- νυν: ADV
- ουν: CONJ
- παντες: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- ημεις: PRON,nom,pl,1
- ενωπιον: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- παρεσμεν: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,pl
- ακουσαι: VERB,aor,act,inf
- παντα: ADJ,nom,pl,n
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- προστεταγμενα: VERB,perf,pass,ptc,acc,n,pl
- σοι: PRON,dat,sg,2
- υπο: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- κυριου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Acts 10:22 (verbal): Same episode — Cornelius' messengers report they were sent by him, linking the urgency and commission to bring Peter that Cornelius mentions here.
- Acts 10:30-31 (structural): Cornelius' own account of sending for Peter and his welcome; closely parallels the language about sending and the purpose of hearing what was commanded by the Lord.
- Acts 10:42 (thematic): Peter summarizes Jesus' commissioning to the apostles to preach and testify; parallels Cornelius' statement that they are present to hear all that has been commanded by the Lord.
- Acts 11:13-15 (quotation): Peter's later retelling of the Caesarea episode to the Jerusalem church (including the Spirit falling on Gentiles) echoes the same events and the divine mandate that Cornelius sought to hear.
- Acts 15:7-9 (thematic): At the Jerusalem council Peter argues that God made no distinction and gave the Holy Spirit to Gentiles — a theological resolution directly connected to the significance of Cornelius' summons to hear what the Lord had commanded.
Alternative generated candidates
- So I sent for you at once, and you have done well to come. Now therefore we are all present before God to hear all the things commanded you by the Lord."
Acts.10.34 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Ανοιξας: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,m,sg
- δε: CONJ
- Πετρος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- στομα: NOUN,nom,sg,n
- ειπεν·Επ᾽αληθειας: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg + PREP+NOUN,gen,sg,f
- καταλαμβανομαι: VERB,pres,mid,ind,1,sg
- οτι: CONJ
- ουκ: PART,neg
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- προσωπολημπτης: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- θεος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
Parallels
- Romans 2:11 (verbal): Uses the same declaration that 'God shows no partiality' (οὐ γὰρ προσωπολήμπτης ὁ θεός), a direct verbal parallel about God's impartiality.
- Deuteronomy 10:17 (allusion): OT background statement that the Lord is great and 'shows no partiality' (LXX echoes the language), providing the Hebrew/Septuagint foundation for the claim about God's impartial character.
- James 2:1 (verbal): Warnings against showing partiality among believers echo the same root concept and Greek terminology (προσωποληψία/prosopolepsia) critiquing favoritism.
- Galatians 3:28 (thematic): Affirms the theological implication of Acts 10:34—that in Christ there is no distinction (Jew/Greek, slave/free, male/female), reflecting God's equal standing before him.
- Acts 15:9 (structural): Within the same book Peter (and the Jerusalem council) affirms that God 'made no distinction' when he purified Gentile hearts—an immediate narrative reiteration of the impartiality theme.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then Peter opened his mouth and said, "Truly I perceive that God shows no partiality,
Acts.10.35 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- αλλ᾽εν: CONJ
- παντι: PRON,dat,sg,m
- εθνει: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- φοβουμενος: VERB,pres,mid,part,nom,sg,m
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- εργαζομενος: VERB,pres,mid,part,nom,sg,m
- δικαιοσυνην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- δεκτος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- Acts 10:34 (structural): Immediate context: Peter’s declaration that God shows no partiality leads directly to the statement that anyone in every nation who fears God and does righteousness is acceptable.
- Romans 2:11-16 (thematic): Affirms God shows no partiality and that Gentiles who by nature do what the law requires (conscience) are regarded by God—parallels acceptance based on fear of God and righteous deeds.
- Acts 15:9-11 (thematic): Peter’s argument at the Jerusalem Council that God made no distinction and purified Gentile hearts supports the same conclusion of Gentile acceptance apart from ethnic boundary markers.
- Galatians 3:28 (thematic): Paul’s statement that there is neither Jew nor Greek in Christ echoes the theme of inclusion across nations regardless of ethnicity, consistent with acceptance of those who fear God.
- Isaiah 56:7 (allusion): Prophetic promise that foreigners who join themselves to the LORD and keep His covenant will be accepted and bring offerings—background for the inclusion of nations who fear God and do righteousness.
Alternative generated candidates
- but in every nation whoever fears him and does what is right is acceptable to him.
Acts.10.36 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- λογον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- ον: PART,pres,act,nom,sg,m
- απεστειλεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τοις: ART,dat,pl,n
- υιοις: NOUN,dat,pl,m
- Ισραηλ: NOUN,voc,sg,m
- ευαγγελιζομενος: VERB,pres,mid,part,nom,sg,m
- ειρηνην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- δια: PREP
- Ιησου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- Χριστου·ουτος: NOUN,gen,sg,m|PRON,nom,sg,m
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- παντων: ADJ,gen,pl,m
- κυριος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
Parallels
- Acts 2:36 (verbal): Declares Jesus 'both Lord and Christ'—closely parallels Acts 10:36's concluding claim 'this is Lord of all' and the proclamation of Jesus' status.
- Romans 5:1 (thematic): 'Therefore, since we have been justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ'—echoes Acts 10:36's proclamation of 'peace through Jesus Christ.'
- Ephesians 2:14-17 (thematic): Describes Christ as 'our peace' who proclaimed peace and reconciled Jews and Gentiles—parallels the evangelistic and reconciling emphasis of 'preaching peace' in Acts 10:36.
- Luke 24:47 (structural): The risen Lord's commission that repentance and forgiveness be proclaimed 'to all nations, beginning at Jerusalem' connects to Acts' depiction of the gospel sent to Israel and then extending outward (context of Acts 10).
- Philippians 2:10-11 (verbal): Affirms universal lordship—'every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord'—parallels Acts 10:36's affirmation that Jesus is 'Lord of all.'
Alternative generated candidates
- You know the message he sent to the people of Israel, preaching peace through Jesus Christ—he is Lord of all.
Acts.10.37 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- υμεις: PRON,nom,pl,2
- οιδατε: VERB,perf,act,ind,2,pl
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- γενομενον: VERB,aor,mid,ptcp,nom,sg,n
- ρημα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- καθ᾽ολης: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- Ιουδαιας: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- αρξαμενος: VERB,aor,mid,ptc,nom,sg,m
- απο: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- Γαλιλαιας: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- μετα: PREP
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- βαπτισμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- εκηρυξεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- Ιωαννης: NOUN,nom,sg,m
Parallels
- Mark 1:14-15 (thematic): Links the timing and place: after John's ministry/vestige (John's arrest) Jesus begins preaching in Galilee—parallels Acts' 'beginning from Galilee' and the move from John's baptism to Jesus' proclamation.
- Matthew 4:12-17 (verbal): Matthew records Jesus' withdrawal to Galilee and the start of his public preaching ('From that time Jesus began to preach'), echoing Acts' emphasis on ministry beginning in Galilee after John's baptism.
- Luke 3:21-23 (verbal): Luke narrates Jesus' baptism by John and immediately follows with the beginning of Jesus' public life—directly connects the baptism of John to the commencement of Jesus' ministry as Acts 10:37 does.
- John 1:31-34 (allusion): John the Baptist's testimony about baptizing with water and identifying the one who comes after him ties to Acts' reference to 'the baptism which John proclaimed' and the inauguration of Jesus' mission.
- Acts 2:22 (structural): Peter's Pentecost address ('Jesus of Nazareth... a man attested to you by God... you yourselves know') mirrors the rhetorical move in Acts 10:37 of appealing to the audience's common knowledge of events throughout Judea.
Alternative generated candidates
- You know the things that took place throughout Judea, beginning from Galilee after the baptism that John proclaimed:
Acts.10.38 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Ιησουν: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- απο: PREP
- Ναζαρεθ: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- ως: ADV
- εχρισεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- θεος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- πνευματι: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- αγιω: ADJ,dat,sg,n
- και: CONJ
- δυναμει: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- ος: PRON,nom,sg,m
- διηλθεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- ευεργετων: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- ιωμενος: VERB,pres,mp,part,nom,sg,m
- παντας: ADJ,acc,pl,m
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- καταδυναστευομενους: VERB,pres,mp,part,acc,pl,m
- υπο: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- διαβολου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- οτι: CONJ
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- θεος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ην: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- μετ᾽αυτου·: PREP
Parallels
- Isaiah 61:1 (quotation): Acts echoes Isaiah's proclamation of an anointing by God to bring good news, liberty, and healing — the prophetic basis for Jesus' mission.
- Luke 4:18-19 (quotation): Jesus reads Isaiah 61 and applies the anointing and mission language to himself; Acts 10:38 reflects the same programmatic charge.
- Mark 1:10-11 (verbal): The Spirit's descent at Jesus' baptism and the divine attestation ('You are my beloved Son') corresponds to Acts' emphasis that God 'anointed him with the Holy Spirit and power.'
- Acts 2:22 (structural): Peter's speech uses a similar formula ('Jesus of Nazareth...attested to you by God by miracles and wonders') linking Jesus' identity, God's action, and healing/miraculous activity as evidence of divine presence.
- Matthew 12:28 (thematic): Jesus' exorcisms are attributed to the Spirit ('if I cast out demons by the Spirit of God'), echoing Acts' claim that Jesus healed and freed those oppressed by the devil through God's power.
Alternative generated candidates
- how God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Spirit and with power; he went about doing good and healing all who were oppressed by the devil, for God was with him.
Acts.10.39 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- ημεις: PRON,nom,pl,1
- μαρτυρες: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- παντων: ADJ,gen,pl,m
- ων: PRON,gen,pl,m
- εποιησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- εν: PREP
- τε: CONJ
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- χωρα: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- Ιουδαιων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- Ιερουσαλημ·ον: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- ανειλαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- κρεμασαντες: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,m,pl
- επι: PREP
- ξυλου: NOUN,gen,sg,n
Parallels
- Acts 5:30 (verbal): Peter similarly charges the audience with having 'slew and hanged on a tree' Jesus; language closely parallels Acts 10:39's description of the execution.
- Acts 13:29 (thematic): Paul recounts the events after Jesus' death, noting that when they had fulfilled what was written they 'took him down from the tree'—a parallel report of Jesus' crucifixion and its aftermath.
- Acts 2:23 (thematic): Peter speaks of Jesus being delivered up and killed by lawless hands—the same claim about the culpability and the fact of Jesus' death echoed in Acts 10:39.
- Galatians 3:13 (allusion): Paul links Jesus' being 'made a curse' with the image of one 'hanged on a tree,' theological use of the execution motif that echoes the language of Acts 10:39.
- Deuteronomy 21:23 (quotation): OT law that 'a hanged man is accursed' is the background for NT references to Jesus 'hanged on a tree' (cf. Acts 10:39), which the NT authors invoke to explain theological significance.
Alternative generated candidates
- And we are witnesses of all that he did, both in the country of the Jews and in Jerusalem. They put him to death by hanging him on a tree.
Acts.10.40 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- τουτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- θεος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ηγειρεν: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- τριτη: ADJ,nom,sg,f
- ημερα: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- εδωκεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- εμφανη: ADJ,acc,sg,m
- γενεσθαι: VERB,aor,mid,inf
Parallels
- Acts 13:30-31 (verbal): Explicitly says God raised Jesus from the dead and that he 'appeared' to his followers for many days—close verbal and narrative parallel to 'God raised him on the third day and granted that he become manifest.'
- Acts 2:24, 32 (verbal): Peter’s proclamation: 'God raised him up' and 'this Jesus God raised up, of which we are all witnesses'—same resurrection language used in Acts to assert divine raising.
- 1 Corinthians 15:4 (thematic): Paul summarizes the gospel: Christ 'was buried, that he rose again the third day'—direct thematic parallel in the emphasis on resurrection on the third day.
- Luke 24:46 (quotation): Jesus’ suffering and rising 'on the third day' is presented as fulfillment of Scripture—matches Acts’ emphasis on the third-day rising as part of the salvific pattern.
- 1 Peter 1:21 (thematic): Speaks of God raising Jesus from the dead and giving him glory—echoes Acts’ claim that God raised Jesus and made him manifest/visible after the resurrection.
Alternative generated candidates
- God raised him on the third day and made him to appear,
Acts.10.41 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ου: PART,neg
- παντι: PRON,dat,sg,m
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- λαω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- αλλα: CONJ
- μαρτυσι: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- τοις: ART,dat,pl,n
- προκεχειροτονημενοις: ADJ,dat,pl,m
- υπο: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- ημιν: PRON,dat,pl,1
- οιτινες: PRO,rel,nom,pl,m
- συνεφαγομεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- και: CONJ
- συνεπιομεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
- μετα: PREP
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- αναστηναι: VERB,aor,act,inf
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- εκ: PREP
- νεκρων·: NOUN,gen,pl,m
Parallels
- Luke 24:41-43 (verbal): Luke describes Jesus eating broiled fish and eating in the disciples' presence to prove his bodily resurrection—directly parallels Acts' language that witnesses 'ate and drank with him' after he rose.
- 1 Corinthians 15:5-6 (allusion): Paul lists post‑resurrection appearances (to Cephas, the Twelve, and over five hundred brothers), paralleling Acts' emphasis on designated witnesses who testified to the risen Jesus.
- Acts 1:3 (structural): Luke (same author) summarizes Jesus' post‑resurrection ministry: he 'presented himself alive by many proofs' and taught about the kingdom—echoing Acts 10's focus on God‑appointed witnesses and proof of resurrection.
- John 21:12-14 (thematic): John preserves a post‑resurrection meal (Jesus cooks and shares fish and bread with the disciples), thematically matching Acts' motif of Jesus eating and drinking with followers after his resurrection.
Alternative generated candidates
- not to all the people but to us who had been chosen by God as witnesses; we ate and drank with him after he rose from the dead.
Acts.10.42 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- παρηγγειλεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- ημιν: PRON,dat,pl,1
- κηρυξαι: VERB,aor,act,inf
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- λαω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- διαμαρτυρασθαι: VERB,pres,mid,inf
- οτι: CONJ
- ουτος: PRON,nom,sg,m
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- ωρισμενος: VERB,perf,pass,ptc,nom,sg,m
- υπο: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- κριτης: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ζωντων: PTCP,pres,act,gen,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- νεκρων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
Parallels
- Acts 17:31 (verbal): Paul states that God 'has fixed a day' and will judge the world by the man he appointed—language and idea of God appointing Jesus as judge echo Acts 10:42.
- 2 Timothy 4:1 (verbal): Paul charges Timothy 'before God and Christ Jesus, who is to judge the living and the dead'—close verbal parallel in describing Christ's role as judge of living and dead.
- 2 Corinthians 5:10 (thematic): All must appear before the judgment seat of Christ to receive according to deeds—develops the same theme of a universal judgment by Christ.
- Matthew 25:31-46 (thematic): The Son of Man's final judgment of the nations (separating the sheep and goats) portrays Jesus as judge over the living, paralleling the role ascribed in Acts 10:42.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he commanded us to preach to the people and to testify that he is the one appointed by God to be judge of the living and the dead.
Acts.10.43 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- τουτω: DEM,dat,sg,m
- παντες: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- προφηται: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- μαρτυρουσιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,pl
- αφεσιν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- αμαρτιων: NOUN,gen,pl,f
- λαβειν: VERB,aor,act,inf
- δια: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- ονοματος: NOUN,gen,sg,n
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- παντα: ADJ,nom,pl,n
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- πιστευοντα: VERB,pres,act,part,acc,sg,m
- εις: PREP
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
Parallels
- Luke 24:47 (structural): Jesus' commission that 'repentance for the forgiveness of sins' be proclaimed in his name to all nations — the same program of prophetic witness to forgiveness that Acts summarizes.
- Acts 3:18-19 (verbal): Peter appeals to 'what God foretold by the mouth of all the prophets' and calls for repentance 'that your sins may be blotted out,' closely echoing Acts 10:43's link between the prophets and forgiveness through Christ.
- Acts 13:38-39 (verbal): Paul declares 'through this man is preached forgiveness of sins... everyone who believes is justified,' a near parallel formulation emphasizing forgiveness and faith in Jesus.
- Romans 3:24-26 (thematic): Paul's theology that believers receive justification and forgiveness 'through the redemption of Christ Jesus' and that God presented him as a means of righteousness resonates theologically with Acts 10:43.
- Isaiah 53:5-6 (allusion): The Suffering Servant's bearing of transgressions and provision of atonement in Isaiah provides the prophetic background to the claim that the prophets witness forgiveness through the Messiah.
Alternative generated candidates
- To him all the prophets bear witness that everyone who believes in his name receives forgiveness of sins."
Acts.10.44 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Ετι: ADV
- λαλουντος: VERB,pres,act,part,gen,sg,masc
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- Πετρου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- ρηματα: NOUN,acc,pl,n
- ταυτα: PRON,acc,pl,n
- επεπεσε: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- πνευμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- αγιον: ADJ,acc,sg,neut
- επι: PREP
- παντας: ADJ,acc,pl,m
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- ακουοντας: VERB,pres,act,part,acc,pl,m
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- λογον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
Parallels
- Acts 11:15-17 (quotation): Peter repeats the same report in his defense: 'as I began to speak, the Holy Spirit fell on them,' explicitly identifying the Cornelius event with the Spirit's descent.
- Acts 2:1-4 (thematic): Pentecost account of the Holy Spirit descending on believers; provides the foundational pattern (Spirit 'fell on' the group) that Acts 10 echoes as the Spirit comes on Gentile hearers.
- Acts 8:14-17 (thematic): Samaritans receive the Holy Spirit after apostles' intervention following their hearing the gospel; parallels the outflow of the Spirit to new, previously excluded groups upon reception of the word.
- Acts 19:6 (verbal): When Paul lays hands on Ephesian converts 'the Holy Spirit came on them' (they speak in tongues/prophesy); uses similar language and effect to describe Spirit-bestowal on newly converted communities.
Alternative generated candidates
- While Peter was still speaking these words, the Holy Spirit fell on all who heard the word.
Acts.10.45 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- εξεστησαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- εκ: PREP
- περιτομης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- πιστοι: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- οσοι: PRON,nom,pl,m
- συνηλθαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- Πετρω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- οτι: CONJ
- και: CONJ
- επι: PREP
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- εθνη: NOUN,acc,pl,neut
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- δωρεα: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- αγιου: ADJ,gen,sg,n
- πνευματος: NOUN,gen,sg,n
- εκκεχυται·: VERB,perf,pass,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- Acts 10:44 (structural): Immediate narrative parallel — describes the same event (the Holy Spirit falling on those listening to Peter) that explains why the circumcised believers were astonished.
- Acts 11:15-17 (quotation): Peter's later retelling of the Caesarea episode; he explicitly recounts that the Holy Spirit was poured out on the Gentiles, linking the event to Jesus' command and to the gift given to the apostles.
- Acts 15:8 (verbal): At the Jerusalem council Luke reports that God 'gave them the Holy Spirit' — language that echoes Acts 10:45 to argue that God made no distinction between Jews and Gentiles.
- Acts 2:17-18 (Joel 2:28-29) (allusion): Peter's Pentecost citation of Joel speaks of an outpouring of the Spirit on 'all flesh,' providing the prophetic background for Spirit-pouring events that include Gentiles.
- Galatians 3:14 (thematic): Paul links the blessing of Abraham to Gentiles receiving the promised Spirit by faith — thematically parallel in showing the Spirit's inclusion of Gentiles in God's promises.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the believers from among the circumcised who had come with Peter were astonished, because the gift of the Holy Spirit had been poured out even on the Gentiles,
Acts.10.46 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ηκουον: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,pl
- γαρ: PART
- αυτων: PRON,gen,pl,m
- λαλουντων: VERB,pres,act,part,gen,pl,masc
- γλωσσαις: NOUN,dat,pl,f
- και: CONJ
- μεγαλυνοντων: PART,pres,act,gen,pl,m
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- θεον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- τοτε: ADV
- απεκριθη: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- Πετρος·: NOUN,nom,sg,m
Parallels
- Acts 2:4 (verbal): At Pentecost the believers were filled with the Holy Spirit and began speaking in other tongues — a direct parallel to Cornelius’ household speaking in tongues.
- Acts 19:6 (verbal): When Paul laid hands on some Ephesian believers they received the Spirit and spoke in tongues and prophesied, mirroring the Spirit‑gift phenomenon in Acts 10.
- Mark 16:17 (allusion): Jesus lists speaking in new tongues as a sign accompanying believers — provides the prophetic backdrop for tongues appearances in Acts.
- 1 Corinthians 14:18–19 (verbal): Paul states he speaks in tongues more than most, yet values prophecy for the church’s edification; connects to the practice and theological discussion of tongues seen in Acts.
- Luke 1:46 (thematic): Mary’s Magnificat uses the language of ‘magnifying the Lord,’ thematically resonant with the crowd ‘magnifying God’ in Acts 10:46.
Alternative generated candidates
- for they heard them speaking in tongues and extolling God. Then Peter answered,
Acts.10.47 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Μητι: PART,int
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- υδωρ: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- δυναται: VERB,pres,mid,ind,3,sg
- κωλυσαι: VERB,aor,act,inf
- τις: PRON,nom,sg,?
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- μη: PART
- βαπτισθηναι: VERB,aor,pass,inf
- τουτους: PRON,acc,pl,m
- οιτινες: PRO,rel,nom,pl,m
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- πνευμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- αγιον: ADJ,acc,sg,neut
- ελαβον: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- ως: ADV
- και: CONJ
- ημεις: PRON,nom,pl,1
Parallels
- Acts 2:38 (thematic): Peter links repentance, water baptism, and reception of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost — establishing the association between receiving the Spirit and the imperative to be baptized.
- Acts 11:15-17 (verbal): Peter recounts the same event: the Holy Spirit fell on the Gentiles 'just as on us,' and concludes God gave them the same gift, using this as the basis for not forbidding their baptism (a direct reiteration of the logic in Acts 10:47).
- Matthew 3:11 (allusion): John the Baptist contrasts water baptism with baptism 'with the Holy Spirit,' reflecting New Testament discussions that connect—but also distinguish—water baptism and Spirit-bestowal.
- 1 Corinthians 12:13 (thematic): Paul teaches that believers are 'baptized by one Spirit into one body,' linking the concept of baptism and the work of the Spirit and supporting the theological connection implied in Acts 10:47.
Alternative generated candidates
- "Can anyone withhold the water for baptizing these people who have received the Holy Spirit just as we have?"
Acts.10.48 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- προσεταξεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- δε: CONJ
- αυτους: PRON,acc,pl,m
- εν: PREP
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- ονοματι: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- Ιησου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- Χριστου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- βαπτισθηναι: VERB,aor,pass,inf
- τοτε: ADV
- ηρωτησαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- επιμειναι: VERB,pres,act,inf
- ημερας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- τινας: PRON,acc,pl,m
Parallels
- Acts 10:47 (structural): Immediate literary context: the question whether to forbid baptizing Gentile believers who had received the Spirit leads directly to Peter's command to baptize 'in the name of Jesus Christ.'
- Acts 2:38 (verbal): Early apostolic baptismal formula—'be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ' (in many manuscripts)—and the coupling of repentance with baptism.
- Acts 8:36-38 (thematic): Narrative of Philip baptizing the Ethiopian eunuch after his confession of faith: parallels the pattern of belief followed by baptism in Acts.
- Acts 19:5 (verbal): Believers in Ephesus are baptized 'in the name of the Lord Jesus'—a close verbal parallel to the baptismal wording in Acts 10:48.
- Matthew 28:19 (thematic): The Great Commission's command to make disciples and baptize provides the broader theological mandate underlying the apostles' practice of baptism.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he commanded them to be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ. Then they begged him to remain for some days.
On the next day they entered Caesarea. Cornelius was expecting them and had called together his relatives and close friends.
As Peter entered, Cornelius met him and fell at his feet and worshiped him. But Peter lifted him up, saying, "Stand up; I myself am also a man." And as he conversed with him he went in and found many assembled.
Peter said to them, "You yourselves know how unlawful it is for a Jew to associate with or to enter the house of a Gentile; yet God has shown me that I should not call any person common or unclean.
Therefore I came without objection when I was sent for. May I ask why you sent for me?"
Cornelius said, "Four days ago I was fasting until this hour; at the ninth hour I was praying in my house, and behold, a man stood before me in bright apparel,
and said, 'Cornelius, your prayer has been heard, and your alms have been remembered before God.' So I sent for you at once, and you have done well to come. Now therefore we are all here before God to hear all things commanded you by the Lord." So he invited them in and lodged them. On the next day he rose and went away with them, and some of the brothers from Joppa accompanied him.
Then Peter opened his mouth and said, "Truly I perceive that God shows no partiality. But in every nation the one who fears him and does what is right is acceptable to him.
You know the word he sent to the people of Israel, preaching good news of peace through Jesus Christ—he is Lord of all.
You yourselves know the thing that took place throughout Judea, beginning from Galilee after the baptism which John proclaimed,
how God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Spirit and power; who went about doing good and healing all who were oppressed by the devil, for God was with him. And we are witnesses of all that he did both in the land of the Jews and in Jerusalem. They put him to death by hanging him on a tree,
but God raised him on the third day and made him to appear,
not to all the people, but to witnesses chosen beforehand by God, who ate and drank with him after he rose from the dead. And he commanded us to preach to the people and to testify that he is the one appointed by God to be judge of the living and the dead.
To him all the prophets bear witness that everyone who believes in him receives forgiveness of sins through his name.
While Peter was still speaking these words, the Holy Spirit fell on all who heard the word. And those of the circumcision who had come with Peter were astonished, because the gift of the Holy Spirit was poured out even on the Gentiles.
For they heard them speaking in tongues and extolling God. Then Peter answered,
"Can anyone withhold water, that these should not be baptized, who have received the Holy Spirit just as we have?" And he commanded them to be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ. Then they urged him to remain for some days.