The Sacrifice of Isaac
Genesis 22:1-19
Gen.22.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- אחר: PREP
- הדברים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- האלה: DEM,pl
- והאלהים: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- נסה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- אברהם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- אברהם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הנני: PRT+PRON,1,sg
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 8:2 (thematic): Speaks of the LORD humbling and testing Israel 'to know what was in your heart,' paralleling the language and purpose of God testing Abraham.
- Hebrews 11:17-19 (allusion): Explicitly recounts Abraham being tested when he offered Isaac; interprets the Genesis episode as a test of faith and cites Abraham's trust in God's promise.
- James 2:21-24 (quotation): Directly invokes Abraham's offering of Isaac as the action that demonstrates his faith, citing the Genesis event to argue that faith is shown by works.
- Romans 4:18-21 (thematic): Paul reflects on Abraham's faith in the face of the seemingly impossible promise concerning Isaac, connecting that tested faith to righteousness by faith.
- 1 Peter 1:6-7 (thematic): Describes trials that prove the genuineness of faith like fire refining metal, echoing the theological theme of God testing believers exemplified in Abraham's trial.
Alternative generated candidates
- And it happened after these things that God tested Abraham, and God said to him, “Abraham!” And he said, “Here I am.”
- And it happened after these things that God tested Abraham. He said to him, "Abraham," and he said, "Here I am."
Gen.22.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- קח: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
- נא: PART
- את: PRT,acc
- בנך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- יחידך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אהבת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- יצחק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולך: CONJ+PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- המריה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- והעלהו: VERB,hif,impv,2,m,sg+PRON,3,m,sg
- שם: ADV
- לעלה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
- ההרים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אליך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
Parallels
- Genesis 22:10–12 (structural): Immediate continuation of the command in v.2: Abraham binds Isaac and is stopped by the angel — the same episode showing obedience and divine intervention begun by the order to offer Isaac.
- Hebrews 11:17–19 (allusion): New Testament retelling of Abraham’s readiness to offer Isaac; emphasizes Abraham’s faith and the belief that God could raise Isaac, directly drawing on the Genesis account.
- James 2:21–24 (allusion): Uses the episode of Abraham and Isaac as evidence that faith was perfected by works, citing the offering of Isaac to illustrate obedient action accompanying faith.
- Romans 4:18–22 (thematic): Paul treats Abraham’s faith in the promise (concerning Isaac) as paradigmatic — the Genesis command and Abraham’s response are used to demonstrate faith counted as righteousness.
- Isaiah 53:10–12 (thematic): While not narratively linked, Isaiah’s suffering‑servant language about an obedient, vicarious suffering leading to blessing is often read theologically as echoing the motif of a beloved one offered/validated by God, a theme central to the binding of Isaac.
Alternative generated candidates
- He said, “Take, please, your son, your only son, whom you love—Isaac—and go yourself to the land of Moriah, and offer him there as a burnt offering on one of the mountains that I will tell you of.”
- And He said, "Take your son, your only one, whom you love—Isaac—and go yourself to the land of Moriah, and offer him there as a burnt offering on one of the mountains that I will tell you."
Gen.22.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישכם: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- אברהם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בבקר: PREP
- ויחבש: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- חמרו: NOUN,m,sg,poss3ms
- ויקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- שני: NUM,m,pl,construct
- נעריו: NOUN,m,pl,poss3ms
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- ואת: CONJ
- יצחק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- ויבקע: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עצי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- עלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ויקם: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- וילך: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- המקום: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Gen.21.14 (verbal): Uses the same phrase וישכם אברם בבקר (’Abraham rose early in the morning’) and similarly depicts Abraham rising early to carry out a divinely prompted, difficult action—showing immediate obedience and departure at dawn.
- Heb.11:17-19 (allusion): Hebrews recounts Abraham’s offering of Isaac as a paradigmatic act of faith (he reasoned that God could raise him), directly alluding to Genesis 22’s narrative of Abraham rising and going to sacrifice his son.
- James 2:21-23 (thematic): James cites the same episode to argue that Abraham’s faith was demonstrated by his works—calling the Genesis 22 action evidence that faith and obedient action belong together.
- Rom.4:18-21 (allusion): Paul reflects on Abraham’s faith “against hope” and his conviction that God could fulfill his promise—an interpretive reading of the Genesis 22 episode in which Abraham rises and acts on God’s command regarding Isaac.
Alternative generated candidates
- Abraham rose early in the morning, saddled his donkey, took two of his young men with him, and Isaac his son; he split the wood for the burnt offering, rose, and went to the place that God had told him of.
- And Abraham rose early in the morning and saddled his donkey, and took two of his young men with him and Isaac his son; and he split the wood for the burnt offering, and arose and went to the place that God had told him.
Gen.22.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ביום: PREP
- השלישי: ADJ,m,sg,def
- וישא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אברהם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- עיניו: NOUN,f,pl,suff
- וירא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- המקום: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מרחק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 22:3 (structural): Immediate narrative parallel — the same scene and action (Abraham rising early and proceeding toward the place) that frames verse 22:4 in the larger sacrifice-of‑Isaac sequence.
- Genesis 24:63 (verbal): Uses the same idiom of looking up/raising the eyes and seeing someone or something at a distance (וַיִשָּׂא עֵינָיו וַיַּרְא), a common narrative formula for perceiving a distant place or person.
- Psalm 121:1 (thematic): Both passages employ the motif of 'lifting up the eyes' toward heights — here a literal mountain/place, there the hills as the source of help — linking looking toward a high place with expectation or need.
- Hebrews 11:17–19 (allusion): New Testament reflection on the same event (Abraham offering Isaac), highlighting the faith context of Abraham's journey to the mountain; Christian interpreters also read the 'third day' journey typologically in light of resurrection themes.
Alternative generated candidates
- On the third day Abraham lifted his eyes and saw the place from afar.
- On the third day Abraham lifted up his eyes and saw the place from a distance.
Gen.22.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אברהם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- נעריו: NOUN,m,pl,suff
- שבו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- פה: ADV
- עם: PREP
- החמור: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואני: PRON,1,sg
- והנער: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- נלכה: VERB,qal,cohort,1,_,pl
- עד: PREP
- כה: ADV
- ונשתחוה: VERB,hitpael,cohort,1,_,pl
- ונשובה: VERB,qal,cohort,1,_,pl
- אליכם: PREP+PRON,2,pl
Parallels
- Gen.22:8 (verbal): Immediate narrative/verbal link within the same episode: 22:5 expresses Abraham’s expectation that he and Isaac will ‘return,’ while 22:8 records Abraham’s confidence that ‘God will provide’—both show his trust during the journey to sacrifice.
- Gen.22:15-18 (structural): Structural parallel in the Abraham‑Isaac narrative: the obedience implied by 22:5 leads directly to God’s renewed covenantal blessing in 22:15‑18, showing the test’s purpose and outcome.
- Hebrews 11:17-19 (thematic): Hebrews interprets Abraham’s conduct as faith: it reads his words/actions (including the expectation of return) as trust that God could even raise Isaac from the dead, connecting 22:5 to belief in God’s power to vindicate His promise.
- Rom.4:18-21 (thematic): Paul cites Abraham’s hopeful trust ‘against hope’ in God’s promise; Romans treats the same courageous expectation evident in 22:5 as paradigmatic faith that trusts God despite impossibility.
- James 2:21-24 (thematic): James holds up Abraham’s willingness to offer Isaac as the decisive example of faith expressed in works—directly paralleling the journey and intention announced in 22:5 as active, trustful obedience.
Alternative generated candidates
- Abraham said to his young men, “Stay here with the donkey; I and the boy will go over there, and we will worship and we will return to you.”
- And Abraham said to his young men, "Stay here with the donkey, and I and the boy will go over there, and we will worship and we will return to you."
Gen.22.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אברהם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- עצי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- העלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs,def
- וישם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- יצחק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- ויקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בידו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- האש: NOUN,f,sg,abs,def
- ואת: CONJ
- המאכלת: NOUN,f,sg,abs,def
- וילכו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- שניהם: PRON,3,m,pl
- יחדו: ADV
Parallels
- Genesis 22:3 (structural): Immediate narrative parallel in the same pericope — verse 3 describes Abraham rising early and setting out with Isaac, providing the immediate context for Abraham laying the wood on Isaac in v.6.
- Hebrews 11:17-19 (quotation): Direct New Testament retelling of the Akedah: Hebrews cites Abraham's intent to offer Isaac and his faith that God could raise him, interpreting actions like taking the wood, fire, and knife as acts of faith.
- John 19:17 (thematic): Typological/thematic parallel: Isaac carrying the wood for his own sacrifice prefigures Jesus carrying his cross to the place of execution (both involve a son bearing the instrument of sacrifice).
- Romans 8:32 (thematic): Theological parallel: God's willingness to give his own Son echoes the theme of sacrifice and surrender found in Abraham's readiness to offer Isaac, highlighting substitutionary and providential dimensions.
Alternative generated candidates
- Abraham took the wood of the burnt offering and laid it upon Isaac his son; he took in his hand the fire and the knife, and the two of them went on together.
- And Abraham took the wood for the burnt offering and put it upon Isaac his son, and he took in his hand the fire and the knife, and the two of them walked together.
Gen.22.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יצחק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- אברהם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אביו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אבי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הנני: PRON,1,sg
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הנה: PART
- האש: NOUN,f,sg,def
- והעצים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ואיה: ADV,interr
- השה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לעלה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 22:8 (verbal): Immediate narrative response to Isaac's question: Abraham answers that God will provide the lamb (direct continuation of the same scene).
- Hebrews 11:17-19 (allusion): New Testament retelling of the binding of Isaac, interpreting Abraham's willingness to offer his son and his faith that God could raise him from the dead.
- John 1:29 (thematic): John's identification of Jesus as 'the Lamb of God' echoes the sacrificial-lamb imagery implicit in Isaac's question 'Where is the lamb?,' linking the Binding with later sacrificial theology.
- Exodus 12:3-6 (thematic): The institution of the Passover lamb as a substitutive, life‑saving offering parallels the motif of a lamb provided for sacrifice and deliverance.
- Isaiah 53:7 (thematic): The Suffering Servant portrayed as a lamb led to the slaughter resonates with the image of an innocent lamb for sacrifice suggested by Isaac's question.
Alternative generated candidates
- Isaac spoke to Abraham his father and said, “My father.” He said, “Here I am, my son.” He said, “Here are the fire and the wood, but where is the lamb for a burnt offering?”
- And Isaac spoke to Abraham his father and said, "My father." And he said, "Here I am, my son." And he said, "Here is the fire and the wood, but where is the lamb for a burnt offering?"
Gen.22.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אברהם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- יראה: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- השה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לעלה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- וילכו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- שניהם: PRON,3,m,pl
- יחדו: ADV
Parallels
- Gen.22.13 (structural): Immediate narrative parallel: God provides a ram as a substitute for Isaac, concretizing Abraham’s statement that ‘God will provide the lamb.’
- Heb.11:17-19 (quotation): Direct New Testament citation/allusion to Abraham’s offering of Isaac and his faith that God could raise him — echoes Abraham’s confidence that God will provide.
- John 1:29 (thematic): John’s declaration ‘Behold the Lamb of God’ picks up the sacrificial‑lamb motif — the idea of a divinely provided lamb who enables atonement.
- Isa.53:7 (thematic): The Suffering Servant is described as ‘led like a lamb to the slaughter,’ resonating with the image of an innocent victim and substitutionary suffering implicit in God providing a lamb.
- Rom.8:32 (allusion): Paul’s statement that God ‘did not spare his own Son but gave him up’ echoes the movement from a father’s willingness to offer a son to divine provision and ultimate substitution.
Alternative generated candidates
- Abraham said, “God will provide for himself the lamb for a burnt offering, my son.” So the two of them went on together.
- And Abraham said, "God will provide for himself the lamb for a burnt offering, my son." And the two of them walked together.
Gen.22.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויבאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- אל: NEG
- המקום: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ויבן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- שם: ADV
- אברהם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- המזבח: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ויערך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- העצים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ויעקד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- יצחק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- וישם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- על: PREP
- המזבח: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ממעל: ADV
- לעצים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Hebrews 11:17-19 (allusion): Retells Abraham’s offering of Isaac and his act of faith (binding and provision) as an example of faith.
- James 2:21-23 (allusion): Cites Abraham’s willingness to offer Isaac to illustrate the unity of faith and works, referencing the episode of binding and offering.
- Romans 8:32 (thematic): Draws a theological parallel: God’s willingness to give his own Son echoes the willingness/offer of Isaac as a type of divine provision and sacrifice.
- Isaiah 53:7-10 (thematic): The Suffering Servant’s innocent submission and vicarious suffering functions as a later typological echo of the near-sacrifice and substitution motif in Genesis 22.
- 2 Chronicles 3:1 (structural): Locates Solomon’s temple on Mount Moriah, the traditional site associated with Abraham’s offering (the ‘place’ of Gen 22), linking the narrative location to Israel’s cultic center.
Alternative generated candidates
- They came to the place that God had told him of, and Abraham built the altar there and arranged the wood; he bound Isaac his son and laid him on the altar, on top of the wood.
- And they came to the place that God had told him, and Abraham built the altar there and arranged the wood, and he bound Isaac his son and laid him on the altar on top of the wood.
Gen.22.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישלח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אברהם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- ידו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ויקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- המאכלת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- לשחט: VERB,qal,inf
- את: PRT,acc
- בנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
Parallels
- Genesis 22:2 (structural): God's command to Abraham to offer Isaac initiates the action recounted in v.10 — the divine instruction that leads Abraham to take the knife.
- Genesis 22:11-13 (structural): Immediate narrative parallel: an angel stops Abraham as he is about to slay Isaac (v.11) and a ram is provided as the substitute (v.13), completing the scene begun in v.10.
- Hebrews 11:17-19 (quotation): Explicit retelling of the event: Abraham ‘offered up’ Isaac by faith and believed God could raise him — a direct New Testament citation/interpretation of the action described in v.10.
- James 2:21-23 (allusion): James cites Abraham's willingness to offer Isaac as the paradigm of faith completed by works, alluding to the same act of raising the knife to demonstrate obedient faith.
- Galatians 4:22-31 (thematic): Paul uses Isaac as the child of promise in an allegory contrasting Sarah and Hagar; the attempted sacrifice and Isaac's status as the promised son are central to the theological significance of Genesis 22.
Alternative generated candidates
- Abraham stretched out his hand and took the knife to slaughter his son.
- And Abraham reached out his hand and took the knife to slaughter his son.
Gen.22.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויקרא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- מלאך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מן: PREP
- השמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אברהם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אברהם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הנני: PRON,1,sg
Parallels
- Exodus 3:4 (verbal): Divine/theophanic voice calls the human by name ("Moses! Moses!") and receives the reply "Here I am" (Heb. הִנֵּנִי) — same call-and-response formula as Abraham.
- 1 Samuel 3:4-10 (verbal): Repeated divine call "Samuel! Samuel!" with Samuel answering "Here am I"; parallels the pattern of a young hearer responding to God's voice and the motif of prophetic commissioning.
- Acts 9:4-6 (structural): Heavenly voice addresses Saul twice ("Saul, Saul") from above, provoking an immediate human response — a similar double-name address by a voice from heaven and an urgent face-to-face encounter.
- Isaiah 6:8 (thematic): The call-and-response commissioning motif ("Whom shall I send? … Here am I; send me") parallels Abraham's readiness to answer and be sent/obedient when addressed by the divine voice.
Alternative generated candidates
- But the angel of the LORD called to him from heaven and said, “Abraham, Abraham!” He said, “Here I am.”
- But the angel of the LORD called to him from heaven and said, "Abraham, Abraham!" And he said, "Here I am."
Gen.22.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- תשלח: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- ידך: NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss:2,f,sg
- אל: NEG
- הנער: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- תעש: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- מאומה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- עתה: ADV
- ידעתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,?,sg
- כי: CONJ
- ירא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- ולא: CONJ
- חשכת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- בנך: NOUN,m,sg,abs,suff,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- יחידך: NOUN,m,sg,abs,suff,2,m,sg
- ממני: PREP,suff,1,m,sg
Parallels
- Hebrews 11:17-19 (allusion): Hebrews retells Abraham’s readiness to offer Isaac as exemplary faith, emphasizing that Abraham acted in faith and trusted God could even raise Isaac — a direct retelling of the Genesis episode.
- James 2:21-24 (thematic): James cites Abraham’s willingness to sacrifice Isaac to argue that genuine faith is demonstrated by works, using the Genesis 22 episode as proof that faith and obedient action coincide.
- Romans 4:18-21 (thematic): Paul reflects on Abraham’s faith “against hope,” trusting God’s promise (implicitly connected to the Isaac episode); the passage frames Abraham’s obedience as trust in God’s power to fulfill promises.
- Genesis 22:16-18 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same narrative: God pronounces blessing and fulfillment of promises because Abraham did not withhold his son, directly explaining the basis of ‘now I know’ in v.12.
Alternative generated candidates
- He said, “Do not stretch out your hand against the boy, and do not do anything to him; for now I know that you fear God, since you have not withheld your son, your only son, from me.”
- And he said, "Do not stretch out your hand against the boy, and do nothing to him; for now I know that you fear God, since you have not withheld your son, your only one, from me."
Gen.22.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אברהם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- עיניו: NOUN,f,pl,suff
- וירא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- והנה: ADV
- איל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחר: PREP
- נאחז: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
- בסבך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בקרניו: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs+3,m
- וילך: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- אברהם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- האיל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ויעלהו: VERB,hiphil,impf,3,m,sg+3,m
- לעלה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- תחת: PREP
- בנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
Parallels
- Genesis 22:8 (verbal): Abraham's earlier remark 'God will provide for himself the lamb' anticipates the ram caught in the thicket — the verse completes the narrative and fulfills that statement.
- Hebrews 11:17-19 (allusion): The author recounts Abraham's willingness to offer Isaac and interprets it as faith in God's power to raise the boy; directly alludes to the Genesis 22 episode, including the provision motif.
- James 2:21-23 (allusion): James cites Abraham's readiness to offer Isaac as the defining example of faith demonstrated by works, explicitly drawing on the Genesis 22 event and its outcome.
- Isaiah 53:7-10 (thematic): The Suffering Servant is described as an innocent figure led like a lamb to slaughter and bearing substitutionary suffering — thematically paralleling the ram-as-substitute and the motif of vicarious provision.
- Exodus 12:3-7 (thematic): The Passover lamb, chosen, caught/kept and sacrificed to avert death for the people, resonates with the ram-as-substitute image in Genesis 22 and the idea of sacrificial deliverance.
Alternative generated candidates
- Abraham lifted his eyes and saw—and there was a ram, behind him, caught in a thicket by its horns. Abraham went and took the ram and offered it up as a burnt offering instead of his son.
- And Abraham lifted up his eyes and looked, and there—behind him—a ram was caught in a thicket by its horns; and Abraham went and took the ram and offered it up as a burnt offering in place of his son.
Gen.22.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויקרא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- אברהם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שם: ADV
- המקום: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- יראה: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יאמר: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- היום: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בהר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- יראה: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
Parallels
- Gen.22.8 (verbal): Abraham's earlier remark that 'God will provide for himself the lamb' anticipates the naming Jehovah‑jireh and expresses the same idea of God's provision.
- Gen.22.13 (structural): The immediate narrative fulfillment — the ram caught in the thicket offered in Isaac's stead — provides the occasion for Abraham naming the place Jehovah‑jireh.
- Hebrews 11:17-19 (allusion): The New Testament retelling of Abraham's readiness to offer Isaac and his faith that God could raise him highlights the theological significance of God's provision recalled in Genesis 22:14.
- Psalm 23:1 (thematic): 'The LORD is my shepherd; I shall not want' expresses the same overarching theme of the LORD as provider, paralleling the declaration 'the LORD will provide' in Genesis 22:14.
Alternative generated candidates
- Abraham called the name of that place, “The LORD Will Provide,” as it is said to this day, “On the mount of the LORD it will be provided.”
- And Abraham called the name of that place, "The LORD will provide," as it is said today, "On the mount of the LORD it will be provided."
Gen.22.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויקרא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- מלאך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- אברהם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שנית: ADV
- מן: PREP
- השמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- Genesis 22:11 (verbal): Uses the identical phrase: “The angel of the LORD called to him from heaven,” the immediate verbal parallel earlier in the same scene.
- Genesis 22:12 (structural): Continues the angelic address that halts Abraham’s action and pronounces divine judgment/blessing — the direct structural continuation of the call.
- Exodus 3:2-4 (thematic): The ‘angel of the LORD’/theophanic messenger appears and calls to a human from a divine setting (burning bush), paralleling divine communication via an angelic figure.
- Judges 6:11-14 (thematic): The angel of the LORD appears to Gideon and calls/commissions him, a similar motif of an angelic call initiating a divine mission.
- Judges 13:3-21 (thematic): The angel of the LORD appears to Manoah’s wife and to Manoah with instructions about a child’s birth — another example of the angelic messenger speaking God’s will to humans.
Alternative generated candidates
- The angel of the LORD called to Abraham a second time from heaven
- And the angel of the LORD called to Abraham a second time from heaven
Gen.22.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- נשבעתי: VERB,niphal,perf,1,_,sg
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- יען: CONJ
- אשר: PRON,rel
- עשית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הדבר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- ולא: CONJ
- חשכת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- בנך: NOUN,m,sg,cstr+poss,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- יחידך: ADJ,m,sg,abs+poss,2,m,sg
Parallels
- Hebrews 6:13-14 (quotation): Direct NT reference to the Abrahamic oath: God 'swore by himself' when promising Abraham (echoes the formula 'by myself I have sworn').
- Hebrews 11:17-19 (thematic): Recounts Abraham's offering of Isaac (the Genesis 22 episode) and interprets it as an act of faith, linking the event to God's response and promise.
- Isaiah 45:23 (verbal): Uses the same verbal motif of a divine self‑oath ('I have sworn by myself'), a parallel formula for God's solemn promise.
- Psalm 105:8-11 (quotation): Recalls God's covenant and sworn promise to Abraham and his offspring, summarizing the covenantal guarantees that follow Abraham's obedience.
- Genesis 26:3-5 (structural): God reiterates the Abrahamic promises to Isaac 'because Abraham obeyed me,' structurally echoing the reward/promise sequence that follows Abraham's obedience in Genesis 22.
Alternative generated candidates
- and said, “By myself I have sworn—declares the LORD—because you have done this thing and have not withheld your son, your only son,
- and said, "By myself I have sworn, declares the LORD, because you have done this thing and have not withheld your son, your only one,
Gen.22.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- ברך: VERB,qal,inf,NA,NA,NA,NA
- אברכך: VERB,qal,impf,1,c,sg,suff:2ms
- והרבה: VERB,hif,perf,3,m,sg,pref_vav
- ארבה: VERB,hif,impf,1,c,sg,NA
- את: PRT,acc
- זרעך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
- ככוכבי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cs
- השמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- וכחול: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- על: PREP
- שפת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
- וירש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg,pref_vav
- זרעך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- שער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- איביו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,suff:3ms
Parallels
- Gen.15:5 (verbal): God shows Abram the stars and promises his offspring will be as numerous — same star imagery and promise of multitudinous seed.
- Gen.26:4 (thematic): To Isaac God repeats the covenant: offspring like the stars and nations blessed — continuation of the Abrahamic promise of many descendants.
- Gen.28:14 (thematic): To Jacob God gives a parallel promise: seed as the dust of the earth (and numerous like the stars) and blessing to all families — the covenant theme continued.
- Rom.4:13-18 (allusion): Paul cites and interprets the Abrahamic promise (heir of the world; father of many nations) and appeals to the same promise of numerous descendants by faith.
- Heb.11:12 (verbal): The faith chapter explicitly echoes the wording and imagery — offspring 'as many as the stars' and 'innumerable as the sand' — directly recalling the Genesis promise.
Alternative generated candidates
- I will surely bless you, and I will surely multiply your offspring like the stars of the heavens and like the sand that is on the shore of the sea; and your offspring shall possess the gate of their enemies.
- surely blessing I will bless you, and multiplying I will multiply your offspring like the stars of the heavens and like the sand that is on the shore of the sea; and your offspring shall possess the gate of their enemies,
Gen.22.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והתברכו: CONJ+VERB,hitpael,perf,3,m,pl
- בזרעך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
- כל: DET
- גויי: NOUN,m,pl,const
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- עקב: PREP
- אשר: PRON,rel
- שמעת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- בקלי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,1,sg
Parallels
- Gen 12:3 (verbal): The original promise to Abram: 'all families of the earth will be blessed' — same blessing formula repeated here.
- Gen 26:4 (verbal): Reiteration of the promise to Isaac: 'in your seed all the nations of the earth shall be blessed,' echoing Gen 22:18.
- Gen 28:14 (verbal): Promise to Jacob that 'all the families of the earth shall be blessed' in him and his offspring, paralleling the blessing on Abraham's seed.
- Acts 3:25 (quotation): Peter cites the Abrahamic promise in addressing Israel, referencing the blessing promised 'to you and your children' and 'all the families of the earth.'
- Gal 3:8 (quotation): Paul portrays the promise as the gospel preached in advance to Abraham: 'All the nations will be blessed in you,' linking Gen 22:18 to justification of Gentiles by faith.
Alternative generated candidates
- And by your offspring all the nations of the earth shall bless themselves, because you have listened to my voice.”
- and in your offspring shall all the nations of the earth bless themselves, because you have listened to my voice."
Gen.22.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אברהם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- נעריו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3ms
- ויקמו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- וילכו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- יחדו: ADV
- אל: NEG
- באר: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שבע: NUM,card
- וישב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אברהם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בבאר: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שבע: NUM,card
Parallels
- Gen.21:33 (verbal): Explicit earlier statement that Abraham was at Beersheba (planted a tamarisk tree and called on the LORD)—directly parallels Abraham’s dwelling at Beersheba in 22:19.
- Gen.26:23-25 (thematic): Isaac’s later arrival at and residence in Beersheba (building an altar, pitching his tent, digging wells) echoes the patriarchal motif of dwelling at Beersheba and covenant continuity.
- Gen.28:10 (structural): Jacob departs 'from Beersheba' on his journey to Haran, showing Beersheba as a recurring patriarchal base—structurally parallel to Abraham’s return and residence in 22:19.
- Gen.22:20-24 (allusion): Immediate literary context listing Abraham’s household and relatives—parallels 22:19’s return to his servants and the broader post-sacrifice household continuation.
Alternative generated candidates
- So Abraham returned to his young men, and they rose and went together to Beersheba; and Abraham dwelt in Beersheba.
- And Abraham returned to his young men, and they arose and went together to Beersheba. And Abraham settled in Beersheba.
And it happened after these things that God tested Abraham and said to him, 'Abraham!' And he said, 'Here I am.' And he said, 'Take now your son, your only one, whom you love—Isaac—and go yourself to the land of Moriah, and offer him there as a burnt offering on one of the mountains that I will tell you.' So Abraham rose early in the morning and saddled his donkey, took his two young men with him and Isaac his son, split the wood for the burnt offering, arose, and went to the place that God had told him.
On the third day Abraham lifted up his eyes and saw the place from afar. And Abraham said to his young men, 'Stay here with the donkey; I and the lad will go over there, we will worship, and we will return to you.' And Abraham took the wood of the burnt offering and laid it upon Isaac his son; and he took in his hand the fire and the knife, and the two of them went on together. And Isaac said to Abraham his father, 'My father.' And he said, 'Here I am, my son.' And he said, 'Behold, the fire and the wood, but where is the lamb for a burnt offering?' And Abraham said, 'God himself will provide the lamb for the burnt offering, my son.' So the two of them went on together. And they came to the place that God had told him; and Abraham built the altar there and arranged the wood, and he bound Isaac his son and laid him on the altar, on top of the wood. And Abraham stretched out his hand and took the knife to slaughter his son. But the angel of the LORD called to him from heaven and said, 'Abraham, Abraham!' And he said, 'Here I am.' And he said, 'Do not stretch out your hand against the lad, and do not do anything to him; for now I know that you fear God, since you have not withheld your son, your only one, from me.' And Abraham lifted up his eyes and saw, and behold, behind him was a ram caught in a thicket by its horns; and Abraham went and took the ram and offered it up as a burnt offering in place of his son. And Abraham called the name of that place The LORD Will Provide; as it is said to this day, 'On the mount of the LORD it will be provided.' And the angel of the LORD called to Abraham a second time from heaven
and said, 'By myself I have sworn'—declares the LORD—'because you have done this thing and have not withheld your son, your only one,'
'I will indeed bless you, and I will greatly multiply your offspring like the stars of the heavens and like the sand that is on the seashore; and your offspring shall possess the gate of his enemies,'
'and by your offspring shall all the nations of the earth bless themselves, because you have listened to my voice.' And Abraham returned to his young men, and they arose and went together to Beersheba; and Abraham dwelt in Beersheba.