Encouragement and Promise of the Temple's Glory
Haggai 2:1-9
Hag.2.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בשביעי: PREP
- בעשרים: PREP+NUM,card,pl
- ואחד: CONJ+NUM,m,sg
- לחדש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ביד: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- חגי: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- הנביא: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Haggai 1:1 (verbal): Same prophetic introductory formula and dating—both verses introduce Haggai's oracles with ‘the word of the LORD came by Haggai the prophet’ and a precise date.
- Zechariah 1:1 (structural): Contemporary prophetic commission with dating (‘in the eighth month... the word of the LORD came unto Zechariah’); parallels genre and historical context.
- Zechariah 7:1 (verbal): Another instance of the formula ‘the word of the LORD came unto Zechariah’ with a dated setting, showing the recurrent prophetic/dating pattern in the postexilic prophets.
- Ezra 5:1 (thematic): Narrative identification of Haggai and Zechariah as the prophets who encouraged the people to resume rebuilding the temple—historical link to the dated oracles in Haggai.
- Isaiah 1:1 (structural): Book-opening prophetic introduction that situates oracles in a historical timeframe (‘the vision of Isaiah... in the days of’), paralleling the function of Haggai's dated opening.
Alternative generated candidates
- On the twenty-first day of the seventh month the word of the LORD came by Haggai the prophet, saying,
- On the twenty-first day of the seventh month the word of the LORD came by Haggai the prophet, saying.
Hag.2.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- נא: PART
- אל: NEG
- זרבבל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלתיאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פחת: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- יהושע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוצדק: NOUN,prop,sg,abs
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הגדול: ADJ,m,sg,def
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- שארית: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Haggai 1:12 (verbal): Same addressees—Zerubbabel, Joshua the high priest, and the remnant—showing their obedience to the prophetic word; closely parallels the immediate context and audience.
- Haggai 1:1 (structural): Introduction to Haggai's prophetic activity naming Zerubbabel and Joshua as primary recipients of the LORD's message; parallels the formula of prophetic address in 2:2.
- Ezra 3:2 (thematic): Ezra records the leaders—Zerubbabel and Jeshua (Joshua) the high priest—taking the lead in rebuilding the altar and temple work, reflecting the same leadership roles named in Haggai 2:2.
- Ezra 5:1-2 (quotation): Explicitly links the prophets Haggai and Zechariah with exhorting Zerubbabel and Jeshua to resume the temple rebuilding, echoing Haggai’s direct address to these leaders.
- Zechariah 3:1; 4:6-9 (allusion): Zechariah addresses Joshua the high priest (ch.3) and speaks to Zerubbabel’s role and encouragement (ch.4), developing the same pair of leaders and the theme of divine empowerment for rebuilding introduced in Haggai 2:2.
Alternative generated candidates
- Say now to Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, and to Joshua son of Jehozadak the high priest, and to the remnant of the people:
- Say now to Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, and to Joshua son of Jehozadak the high priest, and to the remnant of the people, saying:
Hag.2.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מי: PRON,interr,sg
- בכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- הנשאר: ADJ,ptcp,qal,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- ראה: VERB,qal,imperat,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הבית: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- בכבודו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- הראשון: ADJ,m,sg,def
- ומה: CONJ+PRON,int
- אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
- ראים: VERB,qal,part,?,m,pl
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- עתה: ADV
- הלוא: PART
- כמהו: PRT+PRON,3,ms
- כאין: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בעיניכם: PREP+NOUN,pl,f,cons+PRON,2,pl
Parallels
- Ezra 3:12-13 (verbal): Elderly worshipers who "had seen the first house" wept when they saw the foundation of the second—language and situation closely parallel Haggai's question about those who saw the former glory.
- Haggai 2:9 (structural): Immediate thematic response within the book: God promises the glory of the latter house will be greater than the former, directly addressing the concern that the new temple seems insignificant compared to the old.
- Ezekiel 43:1-5 (thematic): Ezekiel's vision of the glory of the LORD returning to the temple contrasts earlier departure and envisions a restored, greater divine presence—paralleling the motif of former glory and hoped-for restoration.
- Isaiah 64:10-11 (thematic): A lament over Jerusalem's holy places being laid waste and the loss of the former beautiful house echoes the sense of bereavement and the perceived devaluation of the sanctuary found in Haggai 2:3.
Alternative generated candidates
- Who of you remains who saw this house in its former glory? How do you see it now— is it not in your sight like nothing?
- Who among you is left who saw this house in its former glory? How do you see it now? Is it not in your sight as nothing?
Hag.2.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ועתה: CONJ
- חזק: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- זרבבל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- וחזק: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg,abs
- יהושע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוצדק: NOUN,prop,sg,abs
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הגדול: ADJ,m,sg,def
- וחזק: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg,abs
- כל: DET
- עם: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ועשו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
- כי: CONJ
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- אתכם: PRT+PRON,2,m,pl
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Zechariah 4:6-10 (verbal): Directly addresses Zerubbabel with encouragement and divine support ('not by might... but by my spirit') and includes the exhortation to be strong as God enables the rebuilding work, closely paralleling Haggai's commissioning.
- Joshua 1:9 (verbal): God's command to 'Be strong and courageous' to Joshua, coupled with the promise 'for the LORD your God is with you,' mirrors Haggai's formula of encouragement plus divine presence given to Zerubbabel, Joshua, and the people.
- Deuteronomy 31:6 (thematic): The charge to 'be strong and courageous' and the assurance that God will not abandon his people thematically echo Haggai's call to strength and the promise 'I am with you.'
- 1 Chronicles 28:20 (thematic): David's exhortation to Solomon—'Be strong and of good courage... for the LORD God, even my God, is with you'—resembles Haggai's trio of imperatives to Zerubbabel, the high priest, and the people, tying leadership, work, and divine presence together.
- Isaiah 41:10 (allusion): The promise 'Fear not, I am with you; I will strengthen you' parallels Haggai's assurance that God is with the leaders and people, underlining divine strengthening amid daunting tasks.
Alternative generated candidates
- And now, be strong, Zerubbabel, declares the LORD; be strong, Joshua son of Jehozadak, the high priest; be strong, all you people of the land, declares the LORD. Work, for I am with you, declares the LORD of hosts.
- Now take courage, Zerubbabel, says the LORD; take courage, Joshua son of Jehozadak the high priest; take courage, all you people of the land, says the LORD — work, for I am with you, says the LORD of hosts.
Hag.2.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- את: PRT,acc
- הדבר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- כרתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
- אתכם: PRT+PRON,2,m,pl
- בצאתכם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,const+PRON,2,m,pl
- ממצרים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ורוחי: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs,1,_,sg
- עמדת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- בתוככם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,pl
- אל: NEG
- תיראו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Zechariah 4:6 (verbal): Both passages foreground God's Spirit as the decisive power (‘not by might… but by my Spirit’) and use that Spirit as the ground for confidence rather than fear.
- Ezekiel 37:14 (verbal): Ezekiel's promise ‘I will put my Spirit in you, and you shall live’ parallels Haggai's assurance that God's Spirit stands among the people as the basis for restoration and hope.
- Joel 2:28-29 (thematic): Joel's prophecy of an outpoured Spirit on the people resonates with Haggai's claim that God's Spirit remains with Israel, linking divine presence to renewal and future blessing.
- Exodus 33:14 (allusion): ‘My presence will go with you’ echoes Haggai's appeal to the covenantal accompaniment from the exodus—God's presence/Spirit going with Israel and so removing cause for fear.
- Exodus 6:6-7 (structural): The covenantal formula at the exodus (‘I will bring you out… I will redeem you… I will take you for my people’) is the background Haggai invokes when he speaks of the covenant made at Israel's departure from Egypt and God's continuing Spirit among them.
Alternative generated candidates
- The covenant I made with you when you came out of Egypt, and my Spirit has stood in your midst— do not fear.
- The covenant I cut with you when you came out of Egypt, and my Spirit remains among you; do not fear.
Hag.2.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- עוד: ADV
- אחת: NUM,f,sg
- מעט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- היא: PRON,dem,3,f,sg
- ואני: PRON,1,sg
- מרעיש: VERB,hiph,ptc,ms,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- השמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ואת: CONJ
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ואת: CONJ
- הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
- ואת: CONJ
- החרבה: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Hebrews 12:26-27 (quotation): Directly cites Haggai’s language (''yet once more'' / ''yet once'') about God shaking heaven and earth, applying the motif to eschatological consummation and divine removals.
- Isaiah 13:13 (verbal): Uses virtually the same wording—''I will shake the heavens and the earth''—as part of a prophecy of cosmic disturbance accompanying God's judgment.
- Joel 3:16 (verbal): Speaks of the LORD roaring from Zion and the heavens and the earth trembling, echoing the motif of cosmic shaking attendant on the LORD’s decisive action.
- Haggai 2:21-22 (structural): Immediate continuation within the same chapter that develops 2:6’s promise of a shaking into action against kingdoms and nations—part of the same prophetic oracle.
- Isaiah 24:19-20 (thematic): Describes the earth reeling and shaking like a drunkard and the heavens trembling—a parallel image of cosmic upheaval used to portray divine judgment and change.
Alternative generated candidates
- For thus says the LORD of hosts: Yet once more, a little while, and I will shake the heavens and the earth, the sea and the dry land.
- For thus says the LORD of hosts: A little while longer, and I will shake the heavens and the earth, the sea and the dry land.
Hag.2.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והרעשתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- הגוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ובאו: VERB,qal,imp,2,mp
- חמדת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- כל: DET
- הגוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ומלאתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הבית: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- כבוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 60:1-5 (thematic): Nations come to the light and the wealth of nations is brought to Zion—parallels the promise that all nations will be moved and that glory will fill the house.
- Zechariah 8:20-23 (thematic): Many peoples and inhabitants of many cities will come to seek the LORD and entreat his favor—closely echoes the depiction of nations coming to God’s house.
- Psalm 72:10-11 (thematic): Kings and nations bring gifts and bow before the king; all nations serve him—parallels the theme of nations bringing their ‘desire’ and honoring God’s house.
- Haggai 2:9 (structural): Immediate context promising that 'the glory of this latter house shall be greater than of the former,' a direct continuation of the vow to fill the house with glory.
- Micah 4:1-2 (thematic): Many nations shall stream to the mountain of the LORD to learn his ways—echoes the motif of nations coming to the LORD’s house and seeking his presence.
Alternative generated candidates
- I will shake all the nations; the treasures of all the nations shall come, and I will fill this house with glory, declares the LORD of hosts.
- And I will shake all the nations, and the desired things of all the nations shall come in; and I will fill this house with glory, says the LORD of hosts.
Hag.2.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- הכסף: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ולי: CONJ+PREP+PRON,1,sg
- הזהב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Psalm 24:1 (thematic): Declares God's ownership of the earth and its fullness—parallel theme of divine possession expressed in 'the silver and the gold are mine.'
- Psalm 50:10-12 (verbal): Affirms God's ownership of creatures and the world's riches ('the world and its fullness are mine'), closely echoing Haggai's assertion of divine possession of silver and gold.
- Deuteronomy 8:18 (thematic): Stresses that God is the source of the ability to acquire wealth—theological corollary to God’s claim on silver and gold as his property.
- 1 Chronicles 29:11-12 (verbal): Attributes riches and honor to the LORD ('Both riches and honour come of thee'), echoing the idea that wealth ultimately belongs to God.
- Isaiah 45:3 (thematic): God promises to give hidden treasures and riches, reflecting divine sovereignty over wealth and treasure similar to Haggai’s claim.
Alternative generated candidates
- The silver is mine, and the gold is mine, declares the LORD of hosts.
- The silver is mine, and the gold is mine, says the LORD of hosts.
Hag.2.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- גדול: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- כבוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הבית: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- האחרון: ADJ,m,sg,def
- מן: PREP
- הראשון: ADJ,m,sg,def
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ובמקום: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- אתן: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
- שלום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- 1 Kings 8:10-11 (verbal): When Solomon finished dedicating the temple the glory of the LORD filled the house — parallels Haggai's language about the house's glory and God's presence.
- 2 Chronicles 7:1-3 (structural): The Chronicles account echoes the manifestation of divine glory at the temple's dedication, supporting the theme that God's presence validates the sanctuary (related to 'glory' of the house).
- Ezekiel 43:1-5 (thematic): Ezekiel's vision of the glory of the LORD returning to the new temple parallels Haggai's promise of a greater latter house and the renewed divine presence.
- Isaiah 60:1-3 (thematic): Isaiah's vision of Zion's future glory and the nations coming to her light resonates with Haggai's promise that the latter house's glory and divine favor will exceed the former.
- Amos 9:11-12 (allusion): Amos promises restoration of the fallen tent of David and a rebuilding of what was broken — a prophetic background for Haggai's theme of a renewed, greater house (later cited in Acts 15:16-17).
Alternative generated candidates
- The glory of this latter house shall be greater than that of the former, declares the LORD of hosts; and in this place I will grant peace, declares the LORD of hosts.
- The latter glory of this house shall be greater than the former, says the LORD of hosts; and in this place I will give peace, says the LORD of hosts.
On the twenty-first day of the seventh month the word of the LORD came by Haggai the prophet, saying,
Say now to Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, and to Joshua son of Jehozadek the high priest, and to the remnant of the people, saying,
Who among you is left who saw this house in its former glory? How do you see it now? Is it not as nothing in your sight? Now be strong, Zerubbabel, says the LORD; and be strong, Joshua son of Jehozadek the high priest; and be strong, all you people of the land, says the LORD. Work, for I am with you, says the LORD of hosts.
The covenant I made with you when you came out of Egypt, and my Spirit remained among you—do not fear.
For thus says the LORD of hosts: Yet once, a little while, and I will shake the heavens and the earth, the sea and the dry land. And I will shake all the nations; the desirable things of all the nations shall come in, and I will fill this house with glory, says the LORD of hosts.
The silver is mine, and the gold is mine, says the LORD of hosts.
The latter glory of this house shall be greater than the former, says the LORD of hosts; and in this place I will give peace, says the LORD of hosts.