Shishak's Invasion and Judah's Loss
2 Chronicles 12:1-16
2 C.12.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- כהכין: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
- מלכות: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- רחבעם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכחזקתו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עזב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- תורת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 1 Kings 14:22-24 (quotation): Parallel narrative in Kings about Rehoboam: reports he did evil, did not set his heart to seek Yahweh, and promoted high places and idolatry—corresponds closely to Chronicles’ statement that he and Israel abandoned the law of the LORD.
- 2 Chronicles 12:14 (verbal): Within the same chapter Chronicles repeats and expands the declaration that they 'forsook the law of the LORD,' adding details about idolatrous practices; a direct verbal/structural parallel.
- 1 Kings 11:4-6 (thematic): Solomon’s decline—his heart turned after other gods and he did evil—provides a thematic precedent for a reigning king abandoning fidelity to Yahweh once established.
- Judges 2:11-13 (thematic): A broader theme in Israel’s history: the people 'forsook the LORD and served Baal,' illustrating the recurring pattern of abandoning Yahweh during periods of leadership failure or syncretism, parallel to Rehoboam’s abandonment.
Alternative generated candidates
- And it came to pass, when Rehoboam had established his kingdom and had grown strong, that he and he forsook the law of the LORD; and all Israel with him.
- And it came to pass, when the kingdom of Rehoboam was established and he had grown strong, that he abandoned the law of the LORD; and all Israel went with him.
2 C.12.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- בשנה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- החמישית: NUM,ord,f,sg,def
- למלך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- רחבעם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- שישק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- על: PREP
- ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- מעלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- ביהוה: PREP+PN,sg
Parallels
- 1 Kings 14:25 (verbal): Direct parallel: reports Shishak king of Egypt coming up against Jerusalem in the fifth year of Rehoboam.
- 1 Kings 14:26–27 (verbal): Parallel account giving the plundering of the house of the LORD and the king's house by Shishak, corresponding to Chronicles' report of the invasion.
- 2 Chronicles 12:7–8 (structural): Immediate chronicle context: Shemaiah's prophecy that God allowed Shishak to attack because Judah had forsaken the LORD — explains the reason given in 2 Chr 12:2 ('because they had transgressed against the LORD').
- 1 Kings 12:15–19 (thematic): Background theme: Rehoboam's harsh handling of Israel and the ensuing division/weakening of the kingdom provides political context for Judah's vulnerability to Shishak's invasion.
Alternative generated candidates
- In the fifth year of King Rehoboam, Shishak king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem, because they had transgressed against the LORD.
- In the fifth year of Rehoboam's reign, Shishak king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem, because they had transgressed against the LORD.
2 C.12.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- באלף: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ומאתים: NUM,card,pl
- רכב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ובששים: CONJ+NUM,card,pl
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
- פרשים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ואין: CONJ+PART,exist
- מספר: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg
- לעם: PREP
- אשר: PRON,rel
- באו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- ממצרים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לובים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- סכיים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- וכושים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- 1 Kings 14:25-26 (verbal): Direct parallel account of Shishak's invasion: the same numbers (1,200 chariots, 60,000 horsemen) and the same auxiliary peoples (Libyans/Lubim, Sukkites, Cushites) are listed.
- 2 Chronicles 12:2 (structural): Immediate narrative context: announces that Shishak, king of Egypt, came up against Jerusalem—sets the scene for the troop and auxiliary lists in v.3.
- Exodus 14:7 (thematic): Earlier OT motif of Egypt fielding numerous chariots and horsemen (Pharaoh's pursuit of Israel), paralleling the image of Egypt's military power in 2 Chr 12:3.
- 2 Chronicles 12:9 (thematic): Describes the consequences of Shishak's military campaign—plundering of the temple and royal treasuries—linking the large invading force of v.3 to its successful spoil.
Alternative generated candidates
- With twelve hundred chariots and sixty thousand horsemen; and the people who came with him out of Egypt—Libyans, Sukkiim, and Cushites—without number.
- With twelve hundred chariots and sixty thousand horsemen, and innumerable people who came with him out of Egypt—Libyans, Sukkites, and Cushites.
2 C.12.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וילכד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- ערי: NOUN,f,pl,cons
- המצרות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- ליהודה: PREP+PN,masc,sg
- ויבא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- עד: PREP
- ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Kings 14:25–26 (quotation): Same historical episode: Shishak king of Egypt attacks Rehoboam’s kingdom and comes against Jerusalem; a parallel account of the Egyptian invasion.
- 2 Chronicles 12:2 (verbal): Immediate chapter parallel—the narrative reiterates that Shishak came up against Jerusalem, echoing the movement described in v.4.
- 2 Chronicles 11:5–12 (thematic): Earlier account of Rehoboam building and fortifying cities in Judah; v.4’s capture of the fortified cities contrasts with and directly affects those earlier defensive works.
- 2 Chronicles 12:9 (structural): Later verse describing the outcome of Shishak’s campaign (seizure of treasures); it completes the narrative arc begun when the invader reaches Jerusalem in v.4.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he took the fortified cities of Judah and came to Jerusalem.
- He captured the fortified cities of Judah and came as far as Jerusalem.
2 C.12.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ושמעיה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הנביא: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- רחבעם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושרי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- אשר: PRON,rel
- נאספו: VERB,niphal,perf,3,pl
- אל: NEG
- ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מפני: PREP
- שישק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
- עזבתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- אתי: PRON,1,sg
- ואף: CONJ+ADV
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- עזבתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- אתכם: PRT+PRON,2,m,pl
- ביד: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שישק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Kings 14:25-28 (structural): Parallel narrative of Shishak’s invasion of Jerusalem and the plunder of the king’s house/treasures—same historical event that 2 Chronicles says occurred because the LORD handed Judah over to Shishak.
- 1 Kings 12:22-24 (verbal): Same prophet Shemaiah speaking to Rehoboam on behalf of YHWH; shows continuity of Shemaiah’s role in delivering divine commands/words to the king and leaders of Judah.
- Judges 2:14-15 (thematic): Theme of YHWH giving Israel into the hand of enemies as punishment for unfaithfulness—echoes the theological explanation in 2 Chronicles that God ‘forsook’ them to Shishak for abandoning him.
- Deuteronomy 31:16-18 (allusion): Covenantal formula whereby Israel’s unfaithfulness provokes God to ‘forsake’ or ‘hide his face’ and hand the people over to disaster—background motif for the declaration in 2 Chronicles 12:5.
- 2 Chronicles 12:7 (structural): Immediate parallel within the same chapter: the book explicitly states that the LORD humbled Judah and delivered them to Shishak because of their unfaithfulness, amplifying the prophet’s word in verse 5.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then Shemaiah the man of God came to Rehoboam and to the leaders of Judah who had gathered to Jerusalem because of Shishak; and he said to them, “Thus says the LORD: You have forsaken me, and I also have left you to the hand of Shishak.”
- Then Shemaiah the prophet came to Rehoboam and to the princes of Judah, who had assembled to Jerusalem because of Shishak, and said to them, “Thus says the LORD: You have forsaken me, and I also have handed you over into the hand of Shishak.”
2 C.12.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויכנעו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- שרי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- והמלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ויאמרו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,pl
- צדיק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Kings 14:25-28 (structural): Parallel narrative of Shishak’s invasion of Jerusalem (same historical episode); Kings recounts the plunder and consequences corresponding to 2 Chr. 12 context.
- 2 Chronicles 7:14 (thematic): Explicit call for the people to humble themselves, pray and repent so God will heal them—connects humility before the LORD with divine response.
- Judges 10:10 (thematic): When Israel is oppressed they humble themselves and cry to the LORD; like 2 Chr.12:6 this links national humiliation/confession with appeal to God’s justice and mercy.
- Nehemiah 9:1-3 (thematic): Public fasting and communal confession in which leaders and the people acknowledge sins and God’s righteousness—similar communal humility and admission before Yahweh.
- Deuteronomy 8:2 (thematic): God’s action to ‘humble you and test you’ by hardship—provides theological background for why suffering leads the king and princes to humble themselves and confess the LORD’s righteousness.
Alternative generated candidates
- Therefore the princes of Israel and the king humbled themselves, and they said, “The LORD is righteous.”
- The princes of Israel and the king humbled themselves and said, “The LORD is righteous.”
2 C.12.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ובראות: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- נכנעו: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,pl
- היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- שמעיה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- נכנעו: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,pl
- לא: PART_NEG
- אשחיתם: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg
- ונתתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- כמעט: ADV
- לפליטה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ולא: CONJ
- תתך: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- חמתי: NOUN,f,sg,pronominal_1cs
- בירושלם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ביד: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שישק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Kings 14:25-28 (structural): Same historical episode (Shishak's invasion of Jerusalem). 1 Kings gives the basic report of the raid and plunder that Chronicles frames with Shemaiah's prophetic word and God's decision to spare complete destruction.
- 2 Chronicles 7:14 (thematic): The motif of corporate humility/repentance leading to divine mercy — if the people humble themselves, God will avert judgment — closely parallels the reason given here for withholding total destruction.
- Jonah 3:10 (thematic): When Nineveh repents and humbles itself, God 'relents' and does not bring the threatened calamity; parallels the pattern of divine forbearance in response to human humility in 2 Chr 12:7.
- Exodus 32:14 (thematic): Yahweh's relenting from calamity after intercession/repentance (Moses' plea) echoes the theme that God withholds wrath once people turn or are humbled.
Alternative generated candidates
- When the LORD saw that they humbled themselves, the word of the LORD came to Shemaiah, saying, “They have humbled themselves; I will not destroy them. I will give them some deliverance, and my wrath shall not be poured out on Jerusalem by the hand of Shishak.
- When the LORD saw that they humbled themselves, the word of the LORD came to Shemaiah, saying, “Because they have humbled themselves, I will not destroy them; I will grant them a little deliverance, and my wrath shall not be poured out on Jerusalem by the hand of Shishak.
2 C.12.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- יהיו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- לעבדים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- וידעו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- עבודתי: NOUN,f,sg,cs+PRON,1,sg
- ועבודת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,cs
- ממלכות: NOUN,f,pl,cs
- הארצות: NOUN,f,pl,def
Parallels
- 1 Kings 14:25-26 (structural): Parallel narrative reporting Shishak king of Egypt's invasion of Judah in Rehoboam's time—context for Judah's subjugation and loss to a foreign king.
- Exodus 1:11 (verbal): Uses the same servant/service imagery (forced labor under foreign rulers); both speak of peoples being made 'servants' and subjected to the service of another land.
- 2 Kings 17:23 (thematic): Describes Israel's removal and subjection to Assyria as divine punishment—the theme of covenant unfaithfulness resulting in service to foreign powers mirrors 2 Chr 12:8.
- 2 Chronicles 36:17-20 (thematic): Reports Judah's exile to Babylon and service under a foreign king as judgment for sin; echoes the motif of the people becoming servants of other kingdoms.
Alternative generated candidates
- For they shall be his servants, and they shall know my service and the service of the kingdoms of the lands.”
- For they shall be his servants, and they shall learn what it is to serve me and to serve the kings of the earth.”
2 C.12.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- שישק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- על: PREP
- ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- אצרות: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- אצרות: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- את: PRT,acc
- הכל: PRON,m,sg,abs
- לקח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ויקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- מגני: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- הזהב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- שלמה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Kings 14:25-28 (quotation): Parallel narrative in Kings describing Shishak's invasion and explicitly stating he took the treasures of the temple and the gold shields Solomon had made.
- 1 Kings 10:16-17 (verbal): Background description of Solomon's gold shields (the very objects later seized by Shishak), supplying the origin and nature of the plundered items.
- 2 Chronicles 12:8 (thematic): Provides the theological cause for the raid—because Rehoboam and Israel forsook the LORD they were given into Shishak's hand—context for the loss recorded in v.9.
- 2 Chronicles 12:11-12 (structural): Immediate aftermath/continuation: Rehoboam replaces the taken gold shields with bronze ones and the seized gold is laid up in the house of the LORD, linking back to the loss in v.9.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then Shishak king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem and took away the treasures of the house of the LORD and the treasures of the king’s house; he took all. He took the shields of gold that Solomon had made.
- So Shishak king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem and took away the treasures of the house of the LORD and the treasures of the king's house; he took everything. He carried off the golden shields that Solomon had made.
2 C.12.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- רחבעם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תחתיהם: PREP
- מגני: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- נחשת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- והפקיד: VERB,hif,perf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- יד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שרי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- הרצים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- השמרים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- פתח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 1 Kings 14:27-28 (quotation): Direct parallel account of the same event — Rehoboam made shields of bronze and put them in charge of the palace guards (same wording and detail).
- 2 Chronicles 11:5-12 (thematic): Rehoboam’s broader program of fortifying cities and organizing defenses and officials; provides the larger context of his military and administrative measures to secure the kingdom.
- 2 Chronicles 23:14 (verbal): Describes royal guards/keepers of the palace and gatekeepers — parallels the function of the 'officers of the runners' who guarded the king’s house entrance.
- 2 Samuel 8:18 (thematic): Notes appointment of trusted officers and elite royal guards (Benaiah over the Cherethites and Pelethites; David’s sons as chiefs), a parallel pattern of organizing palace military personnel.
- 1 Samuel 17:5,38 (verbal): References bronze/brass armor used by Israelite leaders (Saul’s mail and accoutrements), paralleling the mention of shields of bronze as royal military equipment.
Alternative generated candidates
- And King Rehoboam made bronze shields in their place, and he committed them to the hands of the commanders of the guards, who kept the entrance of the king’s house.
- Then King Rehoboam made bronze shields in their place, and he entrusted them to the hands of the captains of the guard who guarded the doorway of the king's house.
2 C.12.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- מדי: PREP
- בוא: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- באו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- הרצים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ונשאום: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- והשבום: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- אל: NEG
- תא: PRON,dem,sg,ms
- הרצים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- 1 Kings 14:25-28 (quotation): Direct parallel account in Kings of Shishak’s invasion of Jerusalem and the removal of the treasures of the house of the LORD and the king’s house (same historical event recounted in Chronicles).
- 2 Chronicles 12:9 (verbal): Immediate Chronicle parallel that describes the plundering of the temple and the king’s house by Shishak — same episode and similar wording within the Chronicles narrative.
- 2 Chronicles 12:7-8 (thematic): Shemaiah’s prophetic explanation of the calamity (that Judah was given into Shishak’s hand because of the people’s unfaithfulness) — provides the theological context for the events described in 12:11.
- Psalm 78:61-62 (thematic): Poetic reflection on God handing Israel over to foreign enemies as judgment; thematically parallels the idea of divine chastening by means of an invading king (as in the Shishak episode).
Alternative generated candidates
- And whenever the king came into the house of the LORD, the guards would carry them and bring them back to the guard chamber.
- And whenever the king entered the house of the LORD, the guards would carry them and bring them back to the guard chamber.
2 C.12.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ובהכנעו: VERB,hifil,perf,3,m,sg
- שב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ממנו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- אף: ADV
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ולא: CONJ
- להשחית: VERB,hif,inf
- לכלה: VERB,qal,inf
- וגם: CONJ
- ביהודה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- דברים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- טובים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- 2 Chr 12:7 (verbal): Same episode and near-verbatim motif: when they humbled themselves the anger of the LORD turned and he would not destroy them completely (direct parallel within the chapter).
- 1 Kgs 14:25-27 (structural): Parallel account of Shishak's invasion and the plundering of Jerusalem during Rehoboam's reign—provides the same historical context for Judah's humiliation and partial deliverance.
- Jonah 3:10 (thematic): After Nineveh's repentance God 'relented' and did not bring the threatened disaster—same theological pattern of human humility/repentance leading God to withdraw wrath.
- 2 Chr 7:14 (thematic): The promise that if God's people humble themselves, pray and turn from their sins, God will 'heal' their land—a programmatic statement of the same principle of divine mercy in response to humility.
- Ps 106:44-45 (thematic): Despite Israel's sins, God 'regarded their affliction' and relented for the sake of his covenant and steadfast love—echoes the motive and result of God not utterly destroying Judah.
Alternative generated candidates
- And when they humbled themselves, the anger of the LORD turned from them and he did not utterly destroy them; also good things were found in Judah.
- When the LORD's anger turned from him because he humbled himself, the LORD did not destroy him utterly; and there was some good in Judah.
2 C.12.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויתחזק: VERB,hitp,impf,3,m,sg
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- רחבעם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בירושלם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וימלך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ארבעים: NUM,m,pl
- ואחת: CONJ+NUM,card,sg,f
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- רחבעם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- במלכו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ושבע: NUM,m,sg,abs
- עשרה: NUM,card,m,pl
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בירושלם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בחר: VERB,qal,perf,3,ms
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לשום: VERB,qal,inf
- את: PRT,acc
- שמו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- שם: ADV
- מכל: PREP
- שבטי: NOUN,m,pl,con
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אמו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- נעמה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- העמנית: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- 1 Kings 14:21 (verbal): Parallel royal summary of Rehoboam: his age, length of reign in Jerusalem, and his mother Naamah the Ammonitess—essentially the same biographical formula as in 2 Chronicles 12:13.
- 2 Chronicles 11:5 (structural): Describes Rehoboam dwelling in Jerusalem and strengthening Judah by building cities and defenses—connects with 2 Chr 12:13's statement that the king 'strengthened himself in Jerusalem'.
- 2 Chronicles 6:6 (quotation): Solomon's prayer: 'Yet I have chosen Jerusalem, that my name might be there'—the same theological claim about Jerusalem being the city the LORD chose to put his name, echoed in 2 Chr 12:13.
- Deuteronomy 12:11 (allusion): Speaks of 'the place which the LORD your God will choose to put his name there'—a legal/theological background behind the chronicler's phrase that Jerusalem was chosen to house God's name.
- Psalm 132:13-14 (thematic): Affirms that the LORD has chosen Zion and desires it for his dwelling—the same theme that Jerusalem is the divinely chosen city 'to put his name there' found in 2 Chr 12:13.
Alternative generated candidates
- And King Rehoboam strengthened himself in Jerusalem and reigned; he was forty-one years old when he began to reign, and he reigned seventeen years in Jerusalem, the city which the LORD had chosen out of all the tribes of Israel to put his name there. His mother’s name was Naamah the Ammonite.
- Rehoboam strengthened himself in Jerusalem and reigned; he was forty-one years old when he became king, and he reigned seventeen years in Jerusalem—the city which the LORD had chosen from all the tribes of Israel to put his name there. His mother's name was Naamah the Ammonitess.
2 C.12.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- הרע: ADJ,m,sg,def
- כי: CONJ
- לא: PART_NEG
- הכין: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לבו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- לדרוש: VERB,qal,inf
- את: PRT,acc
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Kings 14:21 (verbal): Direct verbal parallel in the Kings account of Rehoboam: the same evaluation formula—he did evil because he did not set his heart to seek the LORD.
- 2 Chronicles 12:2 (structural): Immediate chapter context: the narrative records that Rehoboam and Judah abandoned the law/worship of the LORD, explaining why he failed to seek God and acted wickedly.
- Deuteronomy 4:29 (thematic): Contrastive legal/theological principle: God promises that if Israel seeks the LORD with all its heart they will find him—helps explain the consequence when a king does not seek God.
- 2 Chronicles 15:2 (thematic): Chronicles' theology of kingship: Azariah's appeal that if you seek the LORD he will be found—this passage functions as an implicit foil to Rehoboam's failure to set his heart to seek God.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he did evil because he did not set his heart to seek the LORD.
- He did evil, for he did not set his heart to seek the LORD.
2 C.12.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ודברי: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs,1cs
- רחבעם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הראשנים: ADJ,m,pl,def
- והאחרונים: CONJ+ADJ,m,pl,def
- הלא: PART
- הם: PRON,personal,3,m,pl
- כתובים: VERB,pual,ptcp,m,pl
- בדברי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cs
- שמעיה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- הנביא: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ועדו: CONJ+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- החזה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- להתיחש: VERB,hitp,inf
- ומלחמות: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- רחבעם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וירבעם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כל: DET
- הימים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- 1 Kings 14:29 (verbal): A near‑parallel summary: "the rest of the acts of Rehoboam... are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah," echoing Chronicles' notice of documentary sources for Rehoboam's deeds.
- 2 Chronicles 11:2-4 (quotation): Shemaiah the prophet appears here, warning Rehoboam not to fight Israel—this is the same prophet named as a source in 2 Chron 12:15.
- 2 Chronicles 11:5-12:16 (thematic): These chapters record Rehoboam's strengthening of Judah and ongoing conflicts with Jeroboam—the detailed narrative behind the statement that there were wars between Rehoboam and Jeroboam.
- 1 Kings 12:21-24 (thematic): Account of Rehoboam's accession and the initial split with Israel, providing historical context for the prolonged hostilities between Rehoboam and Jeroboam mentioned in 2 Chron 12:15.
Alternative generated candidates
- Now the acts of Rehoboam, from first to last—are they not written in the records of Shemaiah the prophet and of Iddo the seer concerning genealogies? And the wars between Rehoboam and Jeroboam are recorded all their days.
- Now the recorded acts of Rehoboam, first and last, are they not written in the records of Shemaiah the prophet and of Iddo the seer? And there were continual wars between Rehoboam and Jeroboam all his days.
2 C.12.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישכב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- רחבעם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עם: PREP
- אבתיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,3s
- ויקבר: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- בעיר: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- דויד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וימלך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אביה: NOUN,m,sg,suff
- בנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- תחתיו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 1 Kings 14:31 (verbal): Direct parallel in the Deuteronomistic history: same formula — Rehoboam 'slept with his fathers, and was buried in the city of David; and Abija his son reigned in his stead.'
- 1 Kings 15:1-2 (thematic): Narrative account of Abijam/Abijah's accession and reign in Jerusalem, continuing the succession notice found in 2 Chron 12:16.
- 1 Kings 2:10 (verbal): Uses the same funerary formula 'slept with his fathers' and burial in the city of David (applied to David), showing a common royal epitaph formula.
- 2 Chronicles 12:15 (structural): Immediate χronic context: the verse just before 12:16 refers to the records of Rehoboam's acts, linking the brief death/succession notice to the book's source formula.
Alternative generated candidates
- So Rehoboam slept with his fathers and was buried in the city of David; and Abijah his son reigned in his place.
- And Rehoboam slept with his fathers and was buried in the City of David; and Abijah his son reigned in his place.
And it came to pass, when the kingdom of Rehoboam was established and he had grown strong, that he forsook the law of the LORD, and all Israel with him.
In the fifth year of King Rehoboam, Shishak king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem, because they had transgressed against the LORD.
With twelve hundred chariots and sixty thousand horsemen; and the people who came with him out of Egypt could not be numbered—Libyans, Sukkiim, and Cushites. And he took the fortified cities of Judah and came as far as Jerusalem.
Then Shemaiah the prophet came to Rehoboam and to the princes of Judah who had gathered at Jerusalem because of Shishak, and he said to them, “Thus says the LORD: You have forsaken me, and I also have forsaken you to the hand of Shishak.” So the princes of Israel and the king humbled themselves, and they said, “The LORD is righteous.”
When the LORD saw that they humbled themselves, the word of the LORD came to Shemaiah: “Since they have humbled themselves, I will not destroy them; I will grant them a little deliverance, and my anger shall not be poured out on Jerusalem by the hand of Shishak.
For they shall be his servants, that they may know my service and the service of the kingdoms of the nations.” So Shishak king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem and took the treasures of the house of the LORD and the treasures of the king’s house; he took all. He took the golden shields that Solomon had made.
Then King Rehoboam made bronze shields in their place and entrusted them to the commanders of the guard who kept the king’s entrance. And whenever the king entered the house of the LORD, the guards would come and carry them and bring them back to the guard-chamber.
When he humbled himself, the wrath of the LORD turned from him so that he did not utterly destroy; and there were some good things in Judah.
King Rehoboam strengthened himself in Jerusalem and reigned. Rehoboam was forty-one years old when he began to reign, and he reigned seventeen years in Jerusalem—the city which the LORD had chosen from all the tribes of Israel to put his name there. His mother’s name was Naamah the Ammonitess.
He did evil, for he did not set his heart to seek the LORD. Now the rest of the acts of Rehoboam, from first to last—are they not written in the records of Shemaiah the prophet and of Iddo the seer, who wrote the genealogies, and in the accounts of the wars between Rehoboam and Jeroboam all their days? And Rehoboam slept with his fathers; and he was buried in the City of David. And his son Abijah became king in his place.