Passover Offerings
Numbers 28:16-25
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Num.28.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ובחדש: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הראשון: ADJ,m,sg,def
- בארבעה: PREP+NUM,m,sg
- עשר: NUM,card,m,sg,cons
- יום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לחדש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פסח: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Exodus 12:6 (verbal): Specifies the fourteenth day as the time to kill the Passover lamb—directly parallels the dating of the Passover in Num 28:16.
- Leviticus 23:5 (verbal): Gives the same calendrical instruction: the LORD’s Passover is on the fourteenth day of the first month, almost identical wording and ritual placement.
- Numbers 9:3 (verbal): Within Numbers itself: reiterates that in the first month, on the fourteenth day, is the LORD’s Passover (a closely corresponding restatement of the date).
- Deuteronomy 16:1–3 (thematic): Commands observance of Passover in the month of Aviv/first month and links the festival to the fourteenth day—same festival regulation framed in Deuteronomic law.
Alternative generated candidates
- In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, is the Passover to the LORD.
- And in the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, is the Passover to the LORD.
Num.28.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ובחמשה: NUM,m,sg,abs
- עשר: NUM,card,m,sg,cons
- יום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לחדש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- חג: NOUN,m,sg,const
- שבעת: NUM,card,construct
- ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מצות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- יאכל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Exodus 12:15 (verbal): Direct command that for seven days you shall eat unleavened bread; specifies removal of leaven, paralleling Numbers' instruction about the seven-day Feast of Unleavened Bread.
- Leviticus 23:6 (verbal): Establishes the festival calendar: the fifteenth day of the first month is the Feast of Unleavened Bread for seven days, closely repeating the timing and duration given in Numbers.
- Deuteronomy 16:3-4 (thematic): Commands Israel to eat unleavened bread for seven days when entering the land and not to eat leaven, reiterating the ritual and theological rationale behind the seven-day observance.
- Joshua 5:10-11 (structural): Narrates Israel keeping the Passover and eating unleavened bread at Gilgal after crossing the Jordan, showing the festival's observance in Israel's national life and transition into the land.
- 1 Corinthians 5:7-8 (allusion): Paul uses Passover/unleavened bread imagery metaphorically (Christ our Passover; purge leaven) applying the festival's symbolism of purity and new life to Christian ethics, echoing the ritual meaning of the seven-day unleavened observance.
Alternative generated candidates
- And on the fifteenth day of this month is a festival of seven days; unleavened bread shall be eaten.
- And on the fifteenth day of this month is a festival seven days; unleavened bread shall be eaten.
Num.28.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ביום: PREP
- הראשון: ADJ,m,sg,def
- מקרא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קדש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כל: DET
- מלאכת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- עבדה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- תעשו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
Parallels
- Lev.23.7 (verbal): Uses the same formula for a festival day: "On the first day is a holy convocation; you shall not do any ordinary work" — direct verbal parallel in the cultic calendar.
- Exod.12.16 (verbal): Speaks of the first and seventh days of Unleavened Bread as a "sacred assembly" with the injunction that no work be done — closely parallels wording and occasion.
- Lev.23.21 (verbal): Feast of Weeks (Shavuot) prescription: a holy convocation and prohibition of work — same liturgical/legal formulation applied to another festival day.
- Deut.16.8 (thematic): Deuteronomic restatement of festival observance (solemn assembly; no work) — thematic parallel emphasizing Sabbath-like cessation of labor on appointed festival days.
Alternative generated candidates
- On the first day there shall be a holy convocation; you shall not do any work of service.
- On the first day there shall be a holy convocation; you shall not do any ordinary work.
Num.28.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והקרבתם: VERB,hiphil,perf,2,m,pl
- אשה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- פרים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- בקר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ואיל: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
- ושבעה: CONJ+NUM,m,sg,abs
- כבשים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- תמימם: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- יהיו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Numbers 28:11–15 (structural): Immediate parallel in the same chapter—continues the enumeration of offerings (bulls, rams, lambs) prescribed for the beginning of the month/new moon and other appointed times.
- Numbers 28:3–4 (verbal): Daily burnt-offering formula in the same chapter: prescribes yearling lambs and other regular sacrificial details, showing the recurring pattern and language for olah offerings.
- Exodus 29:38–42 (verbal): Gives the daily burnt-offering schedule (two lambs, morning and evening) with similar wording and cultic function for offerings 'by fire' to Yahweh.
- Leviticus 1:3 (thematic): Sets out the basic requirement for a burnt offering—a male without blemish—which corresponds to Num 28:19’s phrase that the animals be 'complete/perfect' (תמימם).
- Leviticus 23:37–38 (thematic): Summarizes the obligation to bring burnt offerings for the LORD at the appointed festivals, linking the festival/offering framework behind the specific lists in Numbers 28.
Alternative generated candidates
- And you shall present a burnt offering to the LORD: two bulls of the herd, one ram, and seven yearling lambs—without blemish.
- And you shall offer a burnt offering to the LORD: two bulls of the herd, one ram, and seven yearling lambs, all without blemish.
Num.28.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ומנחתם: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,poss3,m,pl
- סלת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בלולה: ADJ,ptc,pas,f,sg,abs
- בשמן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלשה: NUM,m
- עשרנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לפר: PREP
- ושני: CONJ+NUM,card,m,pl
- עשרנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לאיל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תעשו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
Parallels
- Leviticus 2:1-3 (verbal): General regulations for the grain (meal) offering: fine flour mingled with oil (and frankincense) — language and cultic practice parallel to Num 28:20's 'meal of fine flour mingled with oil.'
- Exodus 29:38-41 (structural): Daily burnt-offering formula for morning and evening lambs accompanied by a measure of fine flour mingled with oil — mirrors the same ritual arrangement and meal-offering accompaniment found in Num 28.
- Ezekiel 45:15 (allusion): Ezekiel's temple legislation prescribes a measure of fine flour mingled with oil for the daily offerings (tenth of an ephah), echoing the Priestly/Numbers tradition and repeating the same cultic specification.
- Numbers 28:19 (structural): Immediate parallel within the same chapter describing the associated meal-offering proportions for the sacrificial series — part of the contiguous set of ritual instructions to which v.20 belongs.
Alternative generated candidates
- And their grain offering shall be fine flour mixed with oil: thirteen-tenths for each bull, and twelve-tenths for the ram.
- Their grain offering shall be fine flour mixed with oil: three-tenths for each bull, and two-tenths for the ram.
Num.28.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- עשרון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עשרון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תעשה: VERB,qal,imf,2,m,sg
- לכבש: VERB,qal,inf
- האחד: PRON,indef,sg,m
- לשבעת: PREP+NUM,card,m,pl,abs
- הכבשים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- Exodus 29:39-41 (verbal): Prescribes daily burnt offerings of lambs with a meal and drink offering—language and ritual formula closely parallel the sacrificial items and measurements in Num 28.
- Numbers 28:3-8 (structural): Earlier section of the same chapter laying out the continual (daily) burnt offerings—provides the immediate structural context and repeated liturgical pattern for the lambs and accompanying offerings.
- Numbers 28:9-10 (structural): Specifies the Sabbath offering of two lambs and accompanying meal and drink offerings—another parallel instance in the chapter where lambs are prescribed for a recurring cultic occasion.
- Numbers 28:11-15 (structural): Gives the New Moon offerings, including the enumeration of seven lambs alongside other animals and grain—directly parallels the motif of a set number of lambs for an appointed time.
- Leviticus 23:37-38 (thematic): Summarizes the required offerings for the appointed feasts (burnt and grain offerings with drink)—the passage provides the broader cultic-theological framework that Num 28 implements in concrete sacrificial detail.
Alternative generated candidates
- And a libation—a tenth of a hin—shall be for one lamb, for the seven lambs.
- And a tenth of an ephah for the one lamb — for the seven lambs.
Num.28.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ושעיר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חטאת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
- לכפר: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- עליכם: PREP+PRON,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Leviticus 4:20 (verbal): Uses the same technical language of a sin (חטאת) offering and the priest's role to make atonement — verbal and liturgical parallel to Num 28:22.
- Leviticus 16:9-10 (structural): On Yom Kippur two goats are appointed for the people, one to be offered as a sin offering — parallels the goat’s ritual function as a communal sin-offering in Numbers 28:22.
- Numbers 28:21-24 (structural): Nearby verses in the same sacrificial program list additional lambs and a goat as sin offerings for the people — an internal parallel within the Priestly cultic schedule.
- Isaiah 53:10-11 (thematic): Portrays atonement by a vicarious suffering figure who bears the people's iniquities — thematically parallels the substitutionary/atoning function of the sin-offering goat.
- Hebrews 10:12-14 (thematic): Interprets sacrificial language in terms of a single, effective atoning offering; echoes the purpose of sin-offerings (atonement for sin) found in Num 28:22.
Alternative generated candidates
- And one male goat for a sin offering to make atonement for you.
- And one goat for a sin offering to make atonement for you.
Num.28.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מלבד: PREP
- עלת: VERB,qal,perf,3,_,pl
- הבקר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לעלת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons
- התמיד: NOUN,m,sg,def
- תעשו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
Parallels
- Exodus 29:38-42 (verbal): Prescribes the two daily burnt offerings—one in the morning and one at twilight—using language and ritual closely parallel to Numbers 28's continual (tamid) morning and evening offerings.
- Leviticus 6:12-13 (structural): Commands that the fire on the altar be kept burning and describes the perpetual nature of the burnt offering, underpinning the continual (tamid) cultic practice mentioned in Num 28:23.
- Exodus 30:7-8 (thematic): Directs the priestly routine of performing cultic acts morning and evening (incense and tending lamps); parallels Numbers 28 thematically in establishing a twice-daily liturgical schedule.
- 1 Chronicles 23:30-31 (thematic): Describes the Levites' duties to stand every morning and evening to give thanks and to offer burnt offerings continually, reflecting the same daily sacrificial rhythm as Num 28:23.
- Malachi 1:11 (allusion): Speaks of offerings and incense from the rising to the setting of the sun and pure offerings made to God—echoing the concept of continual daily worship and sacrifices (morning-to-evening) found in Numbers 28.
Alternative generated candidates
- Besides the burnt offering of the continual offering, you shall offer these.
- Besides the burnt offering of the bulls that is the continual burnt offering, you shall offer these.
Num.28.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כאלה: DEM,f,pl
- תעשו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
- ליום: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שבעת: NUM,card,construct
- ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לחם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ריח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ניחח: ADJ,m,sg
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- על: PREP
- עולת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- התמיד: NOUN,m,sg,def
- יעשה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- ונסכו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs+SUFF,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 24:5-9 (thematic): Prescribed loaves ('bread of the Presence') set before the LORD regularly—connects with Num 28:24's reference to bread offered as a sweet savour/ceremonial bread.
- Leviticus 2:2 (verbal): Uses the phrase 'a sweet savour unto the LORD' of grain/meal offerings—parallels the language and cultic category of Num 28:24's bread-offering.
- Exodus 29:41-42 (verbal): Speaks of the 'continual burnt offering' and offerings 'a sweet savour unto the LORD'—shares verbal formulae and cultic framework with Num 28:24.
- Numbers 28:6-7 (structural): Immediately adjacent instructions about the continual burnt offering and its drink offering; Num 28:24 reiterates and supplements this cultic pattern for the seven-day rite.
- Numbers 29:12-35 (thematic): Detailed prescriptions for the seven-day festival offerings (daily burnt offerings, additional sacrifices) — parallels Num 28:24's provisions for the seven-day observance and associated offerings.
Alternative generated candidates
- Thus shall you do for each of the seven days: a burnt offering, a pleasing aroma to the LORD, besides the continual burnt offering, and its libation shall be poured.
- Thus you shall do for the seven days: it shall be a pleasing aroma to the LORD; besides the continual burnt offering shall be offered and its libation.
Num.28.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וביום: CONJ+PREP,NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השביעי: ADJ,m,sg,def
- מקרא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קדש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- כל: DET
- מלאכת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- עבדה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- תעשו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
Parallels
- Exodus 20:10 (verbal): Decalogue formulation forbids work on the seventh day—same command not to perform ordinary labor.
- Deuteronomy 5:14 (verbal): Restatement of the Sabbath command in the Deuteronomic law, echoing 'do no work' on the seventh day.
- Exodus 31:15 (verbal): Explicit statement that six days are for labor and the seventh is a holy Sabbath—parallels the prohibition of work and the day's sanctity.
- Leviticus 23:3 (structural): Places the Sabbath within Israel's cultic calendar as a holy convocation when no work is performed, paralleling Num 28:25's liturgical framing.
- Isaiah 58:13 (thematic): Prophetic treatment of Sabbath observance emphasizes keeping the day holy and refraining from personal pursuits—theological parallel to the prohibition of work.
Alternative generated candidates
- And on the seventh day there shall be a holy convocation for you; you shall not do any work of service.
- And on the seventh day there shall be a holy convocation for you; you shall not do any ordinary work.
And in the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, is the Passover to the LORD. And on the fifteenth day of this month is a festival; seven days you shall eat unleavened bread.
On the first day there shall be a holy convocation; you shall not do any ordinary work of labor. And on it you shall offer a burnt offering to the LORD: two bulls of the herd, one ram, and seven yearling lambs; they shall be without blemish. And their grain offering, fine flour mixed with oil: three-tenths for each bull, and two-tenths for the ram.
A tenth of an ephah you shall make for each lamb, for the seven lambs. And one male goat as a sin offering to make atonement for you.
These you shall offer in addition to the burnt offering of the continual sacrifice. Thus you shall do for all seven days: the food offering shall be burned as a pleasing aroma to the LORD; it shall be offered in addition to the continual burnt offering and its libation. And on the seventh day there shall be a holy convocation for you; you shall not do any ordinary work of labor.