Weeks (Firstfruits) Offerings
Numbers 28:26-31
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Num.28.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וביום: CONJ+PREP,NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הבכורים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- בהקריבכם: PREP+VERB,hifil,ptc,2,pl
- מנחה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- חדשה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- בשבעתיכם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cons,2,pl
- מקרא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קדש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- כל: DET
- מלאכת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- עבדה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- תעשו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
Parallels
- Leviticus 23:15-21 (verbal): Direct parallel instructions for the Feast of Weeks (Shavuot): counting seven weeks, offering the new grain/minchah chadashah and proclaiming a holy convocation with no servile work.
- Leviticus 23:10-11 (verbal): Commands regarding the offering of the firstfruits (omer/wave offering) — connects to the 'day of firstfruits' and grain offerings mentioned in Num 28:26.
- Deuteronomy 16:9-12 (thematic): Regulations for observing the Feast of Weeks (counting seven weeks, bringing firstfruits and rejoicing before the LORD) — parallels the festival context and agricultural/celebratory elements.
- Exodus 34:22 (thematic): Brief mention of the Feast of Weeks (the Feast of Harvest) and the firstfruits of the wheat — an older law-text reference to the same festival and harvest offering.
- Acts 2:1-4 (thematic): The New Testament Pentecost (Greek Pentēkostē) occurs at the Jewish Feast of Weeks — a thematic/typological fulfillment of the festival moment described in Num 28:26.
Alternative generated candidates
- And on the day of the firstfruits, when you offer a new grain offering to the LORD, you shall hold a holy convocation; you shall not do any ordinary work.
- And on the day of the firstfruits, when you present a new food offering to the LORD—on the day of your presentation—it shall be a holy convocation for you; you shall not do any ordinary work.
Num.28.27 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והקרבתם: VERB,hiphil,perf,2,m,pl
- עולה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לריח: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ניחח: ADJ,m,sg
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- פרים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- בקר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- איל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
- שבעה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כבשים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Leviticus 1:9 (verbal): Uses the same sacrificial formula—burnt offering presented 'by fire, a sweet savour unto the LORD' (the technical wording for voluntary/burnt offerings).
- Exodus 29:41 (verbal): Gives the regular/ritual wording for the continual burnt offerings as 'an offering made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD,' paralleling the language and cultic purpose of Num.28:27.
- Numbers 28:3 (structural): Earlier in the same chapter the formula and schedule for burnt offerings is established (the recurring pattern of specified animals presented 'by fire, a sweet savour'), of which v.27 is a festival instance.
- Leviticus 23:37–38 (thematic): Summarizes the requirement to offer specified burnt offerings at Israel's festivals—connects the festival-sacrifice setting and purpose behind the numbers listed in Num.28:27.
Alternative generated candidates
- And you shall offer a burnt offering, a pleasing aroma to the LORD: two young bulls, one ram, and seven yearling lambs.
- And you shall offer a burnt offering, an aroma pleasing to the LORD: two young bulls, one ram, seven yearling lambs.
Num.28.28 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ומנחתם: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,poss3,m,pl
- סלת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בלולה: ADJ,ptc,pas,f,sg,abs
- בשמן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלשה: NUM,m
- עשרנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לפר: PREP
- האחד: PRON,indef,sg,m
- שני: NUM,m,pl,construct
- עשרנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לאיל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- האחד: PRON,indef,sg,m
Parallels
- Leviticus 2:1-2 (verbal): Gives the basic prescription for the grain (minchah) offering as fine flour mingled with oil — the same verbal formula used in Num 28:28 for meal offerings.
- Exodus 29:40 (structural): Prescribes a measure of fine flour mingled with oil to accompany the daily lamb of the burnt offering; parallels Num 28:28 in providing specific quantitative meal portions for lamb/ram offerings.
- Numbers 15:4 (thematic): Commands offerings of fine flour mixed with oil as part of Israelite sacrifice/oblation practice in the land — thematically parallel in ritual purpose and composition.
- Leviticus 7:12 (verbal): Describes a thanksgiving/peace offering whose accompanying meal offering is fine flour mixed with oil, echoing the same language and sacrificial context as Num 28:28.
Alternative generated candidates
- Their grain offering shall be fine flour mixed with oil—thirteen cakes for each bull and twelve for the one ram.
- Their food offering shall be fine flour mixed with oil: three-tenths for each bullock, two-tenths for the one ram.
Num.28.29 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- עשרון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עשרון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לכבש: VERB,qal,inf
- האחד: PRON,indef,sg,m
- לשבעת: PREP+NUM,card,m,pl,abs
- הכבשים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- Numbers 28:5 (verbal): Uses the same formula—each lamb is accompanied by a tenth of an ephah of fine flour (meat/grain offering); a near-verbatim repetition earlier in the same chapter for the daily offerings.
- Exodus 29:40–41 (verbal): Gives the same offering formula (lamb plus a tenth of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil) for the regular burnt offerings—very similar wording and ritual structure.
- Leviticus 6:15 (verbal): Specifies the meat/grain offering measure (a tenth of an ephah) to accompany the lamb of the continual burnt offering—parallels the precise measure and cultic pairing.
- Numbers 28:27 (structural): Immediately frames the passage about the seven lambs offered on festive occasions; verse 29 supplies the detailed measure for each of those seven lambs, so 28:27–29 form a unit.
Alternative generated candidates
- A tenth of a hin of oil for each lamb—for the seven lambs.
- A tenth for each lamb—one tenth for each of the seven lambs.
Num.28.30 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- שעיר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עזים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
- לכפר: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- עליכם: PREP+PRON,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Leviticus 4:22-26 (verbal): Explicit law prescribing 'a male goat' as the sin offering for a leader—closely parallels the wording and function of a goat offered for atonement.
- Leviticus 16:15 (verbal): On the Day of Atonement the priest kills 'the goat of the sin offering for the people'—a direct parallel in form and purpose (goat as sin offering for the community).
- Leviticus 16:20-22 (structural): Describes the paired‑goat ritual (one for the LORD to be slain, one for Azazel to be sent away) highlighting the structural role of goats in corporate atonement ceremonies.
- Hebrews 9:7 (allusion): New Testament reflection on the annual atonement ritual (priest entering the Holy of Holies with blood) that alludes to Israel's sacrificial rites—connects the goat sin‑offering tradition to the typology fulfilled in Christ.
Alternative generated candidates
- And one male goat as a sin offering to make atonement for you.
- And one male goat as a sin offering to make atonement for you.
Num.28.31 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מלבד: PREP
- עלת: VERB,qal,perf,3,_,pl
- התמיד: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ומנחתו: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs,prsuff:3ms
- תעשו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
- תמימם: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- יהיו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- ונסכיהם: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,poss3,m,pl
Parallels
- Leviticus 23:37-38 (verbal): Uses nearly identical language about offerings for festivals: 'besides the continual burnt offering and its drink offering,' paralleling the formula in Num 28:31 for added offerings and libations.
- Exodus 29:38-41 (thematic): Gives the daily burnt-offering pattern (two lambs, accompanying grain and a drink offering); establishes the same cultic structure that Num 28:31 presumes.
- Numbers 28:6 (structural): Earlier verse in the same chapter that specifies the meal and drink portions that accompany a lamb offering — part of the recurring formula echoed in 28:31.
- Numbers 29:39 (verbal): Parallel summary of festival burnt offerings that again qualifies those sacrifices 'besides the continual burnt offering and its drink offerings,' repeating the same liturgical clause found in Num 28:31.
Alternative generated candidates
- Besides the continual burnt offering and its grain offering and their libations, these you shall offer—they shall be additional offerings for you.
- Besides the continual burnt offering and its food offering, you shall offer these in addition; they shall be for you, together with their libations.
And on the day of the firstfruits, when you present a new food offering to the LORD at your festival, it shall be for you a holy convocation; you shall not do any ordinary work of labor. And you shall offer a burnt offering, a pleasing aroma to the LORD: two young bulls, one ram, and seven lambs a year old. And their grain offering: fine flour mixed with oil—thirteen cakes for each bull, twelve for the ram.
A tenth of an ephah for each lamb of the seven.
One male goat to make atonement for you.
Besides the continual burnt offering and its grain offering you shall offer these; they shall be complete for you, with their libations.