Hannah Presents Samuel to the Lord
1 Samuel 1:21-28
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1 S.1.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- האיש: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אלקנה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- ביתו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לזבח: VERB,qal,inf
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- את: PRT,acc
- זבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הימים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ואת: CONJ
- נדרו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+SUFF:3,m,sg
Parallels
- 1 Sam 1:3 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same narrative: Elkanah regularly 'went up... yearly to worship and to sacrifice' at Shiloh — essentially the same action described here.
- Deut 16:16 (thematic): Legal requirement that Israelite males appear before the LORD three times a year; parallels the practice of annual pilgrimage and sacrificial worship shown in Elkanah's household.
- Deut 12:11 (thematic): Instruction to bring burnt offerings and vows to the place the LORD will choose (central sanctuary); connects with bringing yearly sacrifices and vows to the sanctuary in 1 Sam 1:21.
- Judg 21:19 (structural): Describes an annual assembly at Shiloh (the dances at yearly gatherings); parallels the existence of established, recurring communal/ritual activity at Shiloh.
- Luke 2:41 (thematic): Mary and Joseph's yearly journey to Jerusalem for the Passover parallels the pattern of devout Israelite families making annual pilgrimages to the central sanctuary to observe vows/feasts.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Elkanah went up, and all his house, to sacrifice to the LORD the yearly sacrifice and his vow.
- Elkanah went up, and all his household, to sacrifice to the LORD the yearly offerings and his vow.
1 S.1.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וחנה: CONJ+NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- עלתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- כי: CONJ
- אמרה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- לאישה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- יגמל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- הנער: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והבאתיו: CONJ+VERB,hiph,impf,1,sg
- ונראה: VERB,qal,cohort,1,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- וישב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- שם: ADV
- עד: PREP
- עולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Samuel 1:11 (verbal): Hannah's original vow to dedicate her son to the LORD 'all the days of his life'—the promise that motivates her refusal to go up until he is weaned.
- 1 Samuel 1:24 (structural): The narrative fulfillment: Hannah brings the weaned child to Shiloh, offers sacrifice, and presents Samuel to Eli, completing the dedication described in 1:22.
- Judges 13:5 (thematic): A barren woman bears a divinely appointed son who is to be set apart for God (Samson); parallels Hannah's barrenness, miraculous birth, and consecration of her son.
- Luke 2:22-24 (thematic): The presentation of Jesus in the temple and the offering made at purification echoes the motif of presenting a child to the Lord and bringing sacrificial offerings upon presentation.
- Numbers 8:17 (thematic): The concept of dedicating/replacing firstborn with a set-apart group (Levites) reflects the Israelite practice of consecrating children to the LORD, akin to Hannah's dedication of Samuel.
Alternative generated candidates
- But Hannah did not go up, for she said to her husband, “Not until the boy is weaned; then I will bring him, that he may appear before the LORD, and he shall remain there for ever.”
- Hannah did not go up, for she said to her husband, "Not until the boy is weaned; then I will bring him, that he may appear before the LORD and remain there for life."
1 S.1.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- אלקנה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אישה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עשי: VERB,qal,impv,2,f,sg
- הטוב: ADJ,m,sg,def
- בעיניך: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,const,2,ms
- שבי: VERB,qal,imp,2,f,sg
- עד: PREP
- גמלך: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,2,f,sg
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- אך: PART
- יקם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- דברו: INF,qal,inf+3ms
- ותשב: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- האשה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ותינק: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- בנה: NOUN,m,sg,abs+SUFF,3,f,sg
- עד: PREP
- גמלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
Parallels
- 1 Samuel 1:21-28 (structural): Immediate context: Hannah's vow, the giving of Samuel to the LORD, and her keeping him until she weaned him are narrated across these verses; 1:23 continues and concludes the action described here.
- 1 Samuel 2:21 (verbal): Echoes the idea that 'the LORD established/fulfilled his word' regarding Samuel's life and ministry (similar language of God's faithfulness to his promise).
- Judges 13:2-5 (thematic): Birth and dedication narrative of Samson: an announced child dedicated to God's service from birth, paralleling Samuel's consecration and parental devotion.
- Exodus 13:2 (thematic): The law to 'consecrate to me every firstborn' provides a background concept of dedicating a child to the Lord, analogous to Hannah's giving Samuel to God's service.
- Luke 2:22-24 (allusion): New Testament parallel of presenting/dedicating an infant to the Lord according to religious practice (the presentation of Jesus), reflecting the motif of parental dedication in Samuel's story.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Elkanah said to her, “Do what is good in your eyes; remain until you have weaned him—only may the LORD fulfill his word.” So the woman stayed and nursed her son until she had weaned him.
- Elkanah said to her, "Do what seems best to you; wait until you have weaned him. The LORD will establish his word." So the woman stayed and nursed her son until she weaned him.
1 S.1.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ותעלהו: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- עמה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- כאשר: CONJ
- גמלתו: VERB,piel,perf,3,f,sg
- בפרים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- שלשה: NUM,m
- ואיפה: CONJ+ADV,interr
- אחת: NUM,f,sg
- קמח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ונבל: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יין: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ותבאהו: VERB,hifil,perf,3,f,sg
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- שלו: PRON,3,m,sg
- והנער: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- נער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Sam 1:11 (verbal): Hannah's vow to dedicate her son to the LORD; 1:24 is the fulfillment of that vow ('as you vowed').
- 1 Sam 1:27-28 (structural): Immediate narrative continuation: Hannah publicly declares and hands Samuel over to the LORD, reiterating the dedication described in 1:24.
- 1 Sam 2:11 (verbal): States that the child ministered before the LORD under Eli—shows the outcome of the dedication performed in 1:24.
- Luke 2:22-24 (thematic): The presentation of Jesus at the temple with the required sacrifices and the offering of the child to God parallels Hannah's bringing Samuel and offering sacrifices when dedicating him.
- Judg 13:2-7 (thematic): The birth and consecration of Samson (mother told the child will be set apart for God) parallels the theme of a child specially dedicated to divine service from early life, as with Samuel.
Alternative generated candidates
- When she had weaned him she went up with him, bringing three bulls, an ephah of flour, and a skin of wine; and she brought the boy to the house of the LORD. The lad was young.
- When she had weaned him, she took him up with her, together with a three‑year‑old bull, an ephah of flour, and a skin of wine, and brought him to the house of the LORD. The child was still young.
1 S.1.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישחטו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- הפר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ויביאו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- הנער: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אל: NEG
- עלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
Parallels
- 1 Sam.1.24 (verbal): Same episode immediately preceding this verse — Hannah sacrifices the bull and brings Samuel to Eli (closely parallel language and action).
- 1 Sam.1.28 (thematic): Hannah’s vow and formal dedication of the child to the LORD; summarizes the purpose of bringing the boy to Eli to serve in the sanctuary.
- Luke 2:22-24 (allusion): Mary and Joseph present Jesus at the temple and offer the prescribed sacrifice — parallels the presentation/dedication of a child and the accompanying sacrifice/ritual.
- Leviticus 12:6-8 (structural): Law prescribing post-birth purification and the offering of a lamb or, for the poor, two turtle-doves or pigeons; provides the ritual/legal background for maternal/child offerings and dedication scenes.
- Judges 13:24-25 (thematic): Birth and consecration motif: Manoah’s son (Samson) is born and set apart for God’s service, with the Spirit of the LORD visibly upon the child — a narrative parallel of a child dedicated to divine service.
Alternative generated candidates
- They slaughtered the bull, and brought the boy to Eli.
- They sacrificed the bull, and brought the boy to Eli.
1 S.1.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ותאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- בי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- חי: ADJ,m,sg
- נפשך: NOUN,f,sg,abs,2,m
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- האשה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- הנצבת: PART,qal,ptc,f,sg,def
- עמכה: PREP+SUF,2,m,sg
- בזה: PREP+DEM
- להתפלל: VERB,hitp,inf
- אל: NEG
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Samuel 1:15 (verbal): Hannah’s immediate clarification to Eli—she insists she was praying (pouring out her soul) rather than drunk; closely parallels the language and situation of 1:26.
- 1 Samuel 1:11 (thematic): Hannah’s vow to dedicate her son to the LORD explains the context and motive for her prayerful presence—her petition and promise culminate in the exchange recorded in 1:26–28.
- 1 Samuel 2:1-10 (allusion): Hannah’s thanksgiving song after Samuel’s birth develops the theological themes implicit in her praying presence in 1:26—God’s reversal of fortunes, vindication of the humble, and the gift of a son.
- Luke 1:46-55 (allusion): Mary’s Magnificat echoes motifs and language of Hannah’s song (1 Sam 2): praise for God’s help to the lowly and the upending of social orders—linking Hannah’s prayerful motherhood with Mary’s.
- Judges 13:2-5 (thematic): The announcement and birth of Samson to a previously barren woman parallels the motif of a barren woman’s prayer and divine response (as with Hannah), including dedication of the child to God’s service.
Alternative generated candidates
- And she said, “O my lord! As you live, my lord, I am the woman who stood here, praying to the LORD.
- She said, "O my lord, as your life lives, my lord— I am the woman who stood here beside you, praying to the LORD."
1 S.1.27 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אל: NEG
- הנער: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- התפללתי: VERB,hitpael,perf,1,c,sg
- ויתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- שאלתי: NOUN,f,sg,cstr+1s
- אשר: PRON,rel
- שאלתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,sg
- מעמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 1 Samuel 1:11 (structural): Hannah’s earlier vow and petition that if God granted her a son she would dedicate him to the LORD—the immediate structural context and fulfillment of that specific prayer.
- Genesis 21:1-2 (thematic): God’s granting of a long‑sought child to Sarah parallels the theme of God answering prayers for offspring and reversing barrenness.
- Genesis 30:22-24 (verbal): Rachel’s language that God ‘remembered’ and ‘opened her womb’ echoes the verbal motif of God responding to a woman’s petition for a child.
- Luke 1:13-14,24-25 (verbal): The angel’s declaration to Zechariah that ‘thy prayer is heard’ and Elizabeth’s subsequent conception closely parallels Hannah’s experience of a prayed‑for birth.
- Psalm 113:9 (thematic): Affirms the same theological theme: God makes the barren woman a joyful mother, framing childbirth as an answered petition of the oppressed or childless.
Alternative generated candidates
- For this boy I prayed, and the LORD has granted me the petition I asked of him.”
- "For this boy I prayed, and the LORD has granted me the petition I asked of him."
1 S.1.28 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וגם: CONJ
- אנכי: PRON,1,sg
- השאלתהו: VERB,hiph,perf,1,f,sg
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- כל: DET
- הימים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- שאול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- וישתחו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- שם: ADV
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 1 Samuel 1:11 (verbal): Hannah's earlier vow — she promised to give the child 'to the LORD all the days of his life,' which 1:28 fulfills (the same commitment phrased as 'I have lent him to the LORD').
- Numbers 8:14-17 (thematic): The Levites are given over to the LORD 'instead of' the firstborn and set apart for service — parallels the dedication of Samuel as a lifelong servant of YHWH.
- Exodus 13:2,12 (thematic): God's command to consecrate every firstborn to the LORD (and the need to present/redeem them) echoes the idea of dedicating a child to God's service.
- Numbers 6:1-5 (allusion): The Nazirite vow's lifelong consecration (including 'no razor shall come upon his head') connects with Hannah's vow and the notion of setting a child apart for the Lord's service.
- Luke 2:22-24 (thematic): The presentation/dedication of Jesus at the temple by Mary and Joseph functions as a New Testament parallel — parents presenting a child to the Lord and acknowledging divine ownership and service.
Alternative generated candidates
- So I have given him to the LORD; as long as he lives he is given to the LORD.” And he worshiped there before the LORD.
- "Therefore I have given him to the LORD; as long as he lives he is given to the LORD." And the boy ministered before the LORD there.
And Elkanah went up, with all his household, to sacrifice to the LORD the annual sacrifice and his vow. But Hannah did not go up, for she said to her husband, 'Not until the boy is weaned will I bring him that he may appear before the LORD and remain there forever.' And Elkanah said to her, 'Do what seems best to you; wait until you have weaned him; only may the LORD fulfill his word.' So the woman stayed and nursed her son until she weaned him.
When she had weaned him, she took him up with her—three bulls, an ephah of flour, and a skin of wine—and she brought him to the house of the LORD at Shiloh; and the child was young.
They slaughtered the bull, and they brought the child to Eli. And she said, 'O my lord! As the life of my lord lives, I am the woman who stood here praying to the LORD.'
'For this child I prayed, and the LORD has granted me the petition I asked of him.'
'And I have given him to the LORD; as long as he lives he is given to the LORD.' And the boy ministered before the LORD there.