The Cup of God's Wrath on the Nations
Jeremiah 25:15-38
Jer.25.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- קח: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- כוס: NOUN,f,sg,cstr
- היין: NOUN,m,sg,def
- החמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- הזאת: DEM,f,sg,def
- מידי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- והשקיתה: VERB,hiph,perf,2,m,sg
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- הגוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אנכי: PRON,1,sg
- שלח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אותך: PRON,2,m,sg
- אליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Psalm 75:8 (verbal): Uses the image of a cup in the hand of the LORD containing red wine—parallel imagery of God holding a cup of judgment to be poured out.
- Isaiah 51:17, 22-23 (thematic): Speaks of a 'cup' associated with God's wrath/trembling and nations drinking—same motif of a divinely‑administered cup of judgment.
- Habakkuk 2:16 (verbal): Commands the addressee to 'drink the cup' (the cup of the Lord's right hand), echoing the idea of forced drinking as a symbol of coming divine retribution.
- Revelation 14:10 (allusion): Declares that those who worship the beast will 'drink the wine of God's wrath'—a New Testament reworking of the prophetic cup-of-wrath motif.
- Revelation 16:19 (verbal): Speaks of giving a city 'the cup of the wine of the fury of his wrath'—a direct conceptual echo of Jeremiah's instruction to make nations drink God's cup of wrath.
Alternative generated candidates
- For thus says the LORD, the God of Israel, to me: Take from my hand this cup of the hot wine and make all the nations to whom I send you drink of it.
- For thus says the LORD, the God of Israel, to me: Take from my hand this cup of hot wine and make all the nations to whom I send you drink of it.
Jer.25.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ושתו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
- והתגעשו: VERB,hitpael,perf,3,m,pl
- והתהללו: VERB,hitpael,perf,3,m,pl
- מפני: PREP
- החרב: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אנכי: PRON,1,sg
- שלח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בינתם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3,m,pl
Parallels
- Jeremiah 25:27 (verbal): Near-verbatim repetition in the same prophecy: the command to "drink and be drunken" and to be shamed because of the sword God will send.
- Ezekiel 23:32–33 (thematic): Uses the imagery of drinking and being filled with shame as the consequence of the sword/violent judgment God sends on unfaithful nations.
- Habakkuk 2:15–16 (thematic): Condemns those who make others drink and predicts they will be filled with shame rather than glory—parallel motif of drinking leading to disgrace under divine judgment.
- Revelation 14:10–11 (allusion): New Testament application of the OT 'cup/wine' of God's wrath: the nations/people 'drink' divine punishment and suffer torment, echoing Jeremiah's drinking imagery for judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- And they shall drink and be intoxicated, and be maddened because of the sword that I am sending among them.
- They shall drink and be intoxicated, reel and rave because of the sword that I send among them.
Jer.25.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואקח: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הכוס: NOUN,f,sg,def
- מיד: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ואשקה: VERB,hiph,impf,1,comm,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- הגוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- שלחני: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Psalm 75:8 (verbal): Uses the same image: ‘in the hand of the LORD there is a cup… he pours out,’ with the wicked/nations made to drink—closely parallels Jeremiah’s language of taking the cup from the LORD and making nations drink.
- Isaiah 51:17 (verbal): Speaks of those who ‘have drunk from the hand of the LORD the cup of his wrath,’ echoing the formula of a cup in God’s hand given to be drunk as divine judgment.
- Jeremiah 51:7 (allusion): Within Jeremiah itself Babylon is described as ‘a golden cup in the LORD’s hand’ that made the nations drunk—same cup/ intoxication motif applied to nations.
- Revelation 14:10 (thematic): Declares that the wicked ‘will drink the wine of God’s wrath,’ carrying the OT cup-of-judgment motif into the NT apocalyptic portrayal of divine retribution.
- Revelation 16:19 (structural): Speaks of God giving Babylon ‘the cup of the wine of the fury of his wrath’ (paralleled with bowls poured out), structurally echoing Jeremiah’s picture of God’s cup as instrument of judgment against nations.
Alternative generated candidates
- So I took the cup from the LORD's hand and made all the nations to whom the LORD sent me drink of it.
- Then I will take the cup from the hand of the LORD and give it to all the nations to whom the LORD has sent me.
Jer.25.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- את: PRT,acc
- ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- ערי: NOUN,f,pl,cons
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ואת: CONJ
- מלכיה: NOUN,m,pl,abs+SUFF:3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- שריה: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לתת: VERB,qal,inf
- אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
- לחרבה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לשמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לשרקה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ולקללה: CONJ
- כיום: ADV
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 26:32-33 (thematic): Promise of land laid waste and the people scattered among the nations as covenantal punishment—language and theme of desolation and scattering echo Jeremiah's judgment on Jerusalem and Judah.
- Deuteronomy 28:64-65 (thematic): Curse formula predicting the LORD will scatter Israel among the nations and make them few—parallels Jeremiah's declaration that Jerusalem and Judah will become a reproach, curse, and desolation.
- Ezekiel 5:11 (allusion): God declares he will execute judgments on Jerusalem in the sight of the nations and make the city a reproach—comparable imagery of public shame and desolation used against Jerusalem.
- 2 Kings 25:8-11 (structural): Narrative account of Nebuchadnezzar's destruction of Jerusalem and removal of its people—historical fulfillment of Jeremiah's pronouncement that the city and its leaders would be given to desolation.
- 2 Chronicles 36:17-21 (structural): Chronicle of Jerusalem's burning, exile to Babylon, and land left desolate—explicit fulfillment and theological restatement of Jeremiah's judgment that Jerusalem and Judah would become a curse and desolation.
Alternative generated candidates
- Jerusalem and the cities of Judah and its kings and its princes—to make them a desolation, a hissing and a curse—on this day.
- To Jerusalem and to the cities of Judah, to their kings and their princes, to make them a desolation, a horror, a byword and a curse—on that day.
Jer.25.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- את: PRT,acc
- פרעה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- עבדיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3ms
- ואת: CONJ
- שריו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss3m
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Ezekiel 29:3 (quotation): Direct address using the title 'Pharaoh king of Egypt' in a prophetic denunciation, echoing Jeremiah's naming of Egypt's ruler.
- Ezekiel 30:2-3 (structural): A prophecy pronouncing judgment 'against the land of Egypt' and its leadership; parallels Jeremiah's listing of Pharaoh, his servants, princes, and people as objects of divine judgment.
- Jeremiah 46:25 (verbal): Within the same prophetic corpus, Jeremiah again names 'Pharaoh and his servants' and announces their overthrow—close verbal and thematic correspondence.
- Isaiah 19:4 (thematic): Isaiah predicts the subjugation and humiliation of Egypt and its rulers, echoing the theme of divine judgment upon Pharaoh and the Egyptian populace.
- Exodus 7:5 (verbal): God speaks of coming judgment 'upon you and your servants' in addressing Pharaoh; a precedent for addressing Pharaoh together with his officials and people in the context of divine action.
Alternative generated candidates
- Pharaoh king of Egypt, with his servants and his princes and all his people.
- To Pharaoh king of Egypt, and to his servants, his princes, and all his people.
Jer.25.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- הערב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- מלכי: NOUN,pl,m,cons
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- העוץ: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- מלכי: NOUN,pl,m,cons
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- פלשתים: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- ואת: CONJ
- אשקלון: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- עזה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- עקרון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- שארית: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אשדוד: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Amos 1:6-8 (verbal): Amos pronounces judgment on the Philistines and explicitly names Ashdod, Gaza, Ashkelon and Ekron—directly paralleling Jeremiah’s catalogue of Philistine cities and kings.
- Zephaniah 2:4-7 (verbal): Zephaniah lists the same Philistine cities (Gaza, Ashkelon, Ashdod, Ekron) in a judgment oracle, echoing Jeremiah’s grouping of Philistine rulers and towns.
- Jeremiah 47:5-7 (thematic): An intra‑Jeremianic oracle against Philistia that targets the same cities (Gaza, Ashkelon, Ashdod, etc.), functioning as a parallel section addressing the Philistine polities.
- 1 Samuel 6:17 (structural): Narrative list of the five lords of the Philistines (including Ashdod, Gaza, Ashkelon, Ekron)—a structural parallel in which the Philistine city‑leaders are enumerated as in Jeremiah 25:20.
- Ezekiel 25:15-17 (thematic): Ezekiel’s judgment oracle against the Philistines pronounces punishment on Philistia as a political unit, thematically parallel to Jeremiah’s inclusion of Philistine kings among the nations judged.
Alternative generated candidates
- All the kings of Arabia, all the kings of the land of Uz, all the kings of the Philistines—Ashkelon, Gaza, Ekron—and the remnant of Ashdod.
- To all the kings of Arabia, to all the kings of the land of Uz, to all the kings of the Philistines—Ashkelon, Gaza, Ekron, and the remnant of Ashdod.
Jer.25.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- את: PRT,acc
- אדום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- מואב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ואת: CONJ
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- עמון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 25:20-26 (structural): The immediate context: the same extended list of nations (including Edom, Moab, and the Ammonites) judged in the same oracle against the nations.
- Jeremiah 48 (thematic): A full oracle against Moab that develops the theme of judgment on Moab mentioned by name in Jer 25:21.
- Jeremiah 49:1-6 (thematic): An oracle specifically against the Ammonites (sons of Ammon), paralleling the judgment announcement here.
- Jeremiah 49:7-22 (thematic): Oracles concerning Edom (Seir) that parallel the announcement of judgment on Edom in Jer 25:21.
- Obadiah 1:1-21 (thematic): A short prophetic book devoted to Edom's doom; thematically parallels the condemnation of Edom named in Jer 25:21.
Alternative generated candidates
- Edom, Moab, and the Ammonites.
- To Edom, Moab, and the Ammonites.
Jer.25.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- מלכי: NOUN,pl,m,cons
- צר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- מלכי: NOUN,pl,m,cons
- צידון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- מלכי: NOUN,pl,m,cons
- האי: DEM,m,sg
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בעבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
Parallels
- Ezekiel 28:20-23 (thematic): Oracle pronouncing judgment on Tyre and Sidon and on the coastlands/isles — parallels Jeremiah’s inclusion of Tyre, Sidon and the islands among nations held to account.
- Ezekiel 27:3-8, 27:32 (verbal): Ezekiel’s lament/catalogue of Tyre emphasizes its position 'at the entry of the sea' and commerce with the isles/Tarshish — echoes Jeremiah’s reference to kings of Tyre, Sidon and the islands beyond the sea.
- Isaiah 23:1-12 (thematic): Oracle against Tyre (and implicitly Sidon) and its maritime trade (ships of Tarshish, islands) — thematically parallel to Jeremiah’s listing of maritime polities subject to judgment.
- Zechariah 9:2 (verbal): Mentions Tyre and Sidon and 'the regions by the sea' (coastlands/isles) in a prophetic context — a concise verbal parallel to Jeremiah’s phrase 'kings of Tyre... Sidon... the islands beyond the sea.'
Alternative generated candidates
- All the kings of Tyre, all the kings of Sidon, and the kings of the coastlands beyond the sea.
- To all the kings of Tyre, to all the kings of Sidon, and to the kings of the coastlands beyond the sea.
Jer.25.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- דדן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- תימא: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- בוז: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- קצוצי: ADJ,m,pl,cons
- פאה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Ezekiel 27:20 (verbal): Lists Dedan, Tema and Buz together in a catalogue of trading peoples — a direct verbal parallel in naming the same groups as part of a wider list.
- Genesis 25:15 (allusion): Gives Tema as a son of Ishmael (genealogical origin); provides background on the identity of Tema mentioned in Jeremiah.
- Genesis 22:21 (allusion): Names Buz as a son of Nahor (genealogical origin); supplies the ancestral identification underlying the Buz mentioned in Jeremiah.
- Job 6:19 (thematic): Speaks of caravans of Tema (and Sheba) — thematically connects Tema with desert trade/caravan activity, echoing the regional identity implied in Jeremiah’s list.
Alternative generated candidates
- Dedan, Tema, Buz, and all who cut the corners of their hair.
- To Dedan, Tema, Buz, and all who trim the edges of their hair.
Jer.25.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- מלכי: NOUN,pl,m,cons
- ערב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- מלכי: NOUN,pl,m,cons
- הערב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- השכנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs,def
- במדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 25:20–26 (structural): Same oracle listing the nations and their kings (contextual parallel); v.24 is part of this larger catalogue of peoples judged by Babylon.
- Isaiah 21:13–17 (thematic): An oracle 'upon Arabia' addressing the desert tribes (Dedan, Kedar) — thematically parallels Jeremiah’s naming of Arabian kings and prophetic judgment on desert peoples.
- Jeremiah 49:28–29 (allusion): A later Jeremiah passage addressing Dedan/Arabia and their fate; echoes the focus on Arabian tribes/kings found in 25:24.
- Ezekiel 27:21–22 (verbal): Ezekiel’s lament for Tyre lists merchants/peoples such as Dedan, Tema and Kedar — the same Arabian groups evoked by Jeremiah’s reference to 'kings of Arabia'.
- Isaiah 60:6 (thematic): Speaks of the flocks and camels of Kedar and Nebaioth coming with gold — connects to the identity and role of Arabian tribes mentioned in prophetic lists like Jer 25:24.
Alternative generated candidates
- All the kings of Arabia and all the kings of the neighboring desert tribes.
- To all the kings of Arabia and to all the kings who dwell in the neighboring desert.
Jer.25.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- מלכי: NOUN,pl,m,cons
- זמרי: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- מלכי: NOUN,pl,m,cons
- עילם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- מלכי: NOUN,pl,m,cons
- מדי: PREP
Parallels
- Genesis 10:2, 10:10 (verbal): The Table of Nations names Madai (Media) and describes Nimrod's kingdom in Shinar—verbal overlap in the same regional names enumerated as kings/territories.
- Isaiah 11:11 (verbal): Isaiah's list of lands from which the exiles are gathered includes Elam and Shinar, echoing Jeremiah's catalogue of distant regions and their rulers.
- Jeremiah 49:34–39 (thematic): A later oracle in Jeremiah specifically addresses Elam, reflecting the same prophetic focus on Elam among the nations judged alongside Babylon.
- Daniel 8:20–21 (allusion): Daniel identifies the ram as Media and Persia (Madai), connecting the name 'Media' in Jeremiah's list to the later imperial designation and showing continuity in how the region is portrayed.
Alternative generated candidates
- All the kings of Zimri, all the kings of Elam, and all the kings of Media.
- To all the kings of Zimri, to all the kings of Elam, and to all the kings of Media.
Jer.25.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- מלכי: NOUN,pl,m,cons
- הצפון: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הקרבים: ADJ,m,pl,def
- והרחקים: CONJ+ADJ,m,pl,def
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- אחיו: NOUN,3,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- הממלכות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- על: PREP
- פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- האדמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ומלך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ששך: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ישתה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אחריהם: PREP,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Jeremiah 25:15-16 (verbal): Same immediate context and imagery: God gives Jeremiah a cup of wine to make all the nations drink—explicitly the cup of his wrath which the nations must drink, paralleling the drinking as judgment.
- Jeremiah 51:7 (allusion): Babylon pictured as a cup in the LORD’s hand that made the nations drink—connects 'Sheshach' (Babylon) as the cup-bearing power and the motif of nations drinking judgment.
- Isaiah 51:17 (thematic): Speaks of Jerusalem and Zion drinking the cup of the LORD’s wrath and fainting—shares the theme of God’s cup as the means of divine punishment poured out on peoples.
- Psalm 75:8 (verbal): Uses the cup metaphor ('in the hand of the LORD is a cup ... who shall drink it?') to denote God’s sovereign dispensing of judgment—verbal and metaphorical parallel to nations drinking God’s cup.
- Revelation 14:9-10 (allusion): The New Testament applies the motif of drinking the wine of God’s wrath to those who worship the beast—an eschatological echo of the prophetic image of nations drinking divine wrath.
Alternative generated candidates
- All the kings of the north, near and far, one with another; and all the kingdoms of the earth that are upon the face of the earth—also the king of Sheshach will drink after them.
- To all the kings of the north, near and far, each one toward his brother, and to all the kingdoms of the earth that are upon the face of the ground; and the king of Sheshach shall drink after them.
Jer.25.27 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואמרת: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- אליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שתו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- ושכרו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
- וקיו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
- ונפלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- ולא: CONJ
- תקומו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- מפני: PREP
- החרב: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אנכי: PRON,1,sg
- שלח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ביניכם: PREP+PRON,2,pl
Parallels
- Jeremiah 25:15 (verbal): Same oracle sequence—God tells Jeremiah to take the 'cup of the wine of fury' and make nations drink; closely parallels the cup/drinking imagery and command to drink God's wrath.
- Isaiah 51:17 (verbal): Uses the language of drinking the 'cup of the Lord's fury' (drunkenness from God's cup); shares the motif of forced drinking as divine judgment.
- Jeremiah 51:7 (thematic): Babylon described as a cup in the Lord's hand that makes the nations drunk—similar cup-of-judgment imagery and the idea of God administering calamity through a 'cup.'
- Revelation 14:10 (allusion): NT portrayal of persons 'drinking the wine of God's wrath'—a thematic continuation/allusion to the prophetic cup-of-wrath motif as final judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- And tell them: Thus says the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: Drink, be drunk, and stagger, and fall—and do not rise—because of the sword which I am sending among you.
- And say to them: Thus says the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: Drink and be drunk, stagger and fall, and do not rise again—because of the sword that I send among you.
Jer.25.28 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- ימאנו: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,pl,NA
- לקחת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- הכוס: NOUN,f,sg,def
- מידך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
- לשתות: INF,qal
- ואמרת: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- אליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- שתו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- תשתו: VERB,qal,imperf,2,m,pl,NA
Parallels
- Jeremiah 25:15 (structural): Same chapter and narrative command — God tells Jeremiah to take the cup of wine of his fury and make nations drink it; 25:28 continues/apply that command when a nation refuses.
- Psalm 75:8 (verbal): Uses the image of a cup in the hand of the LORD containing red wine/wrath—same hand‑cup metaphor for divine judgment found in Jeremiah 25:28.
- Isaiah 51:17,22 (verbal): Isaiah uses the language of drinking and being drunk on a cup (51:17) and also the LORD taking/withdrawing the cup of staggering (51:22), echoing the prophetic cup‑of‑wrath motif in Jeremiah.
- Revelation 14:10 (thematic): The NT applies the imagery of drinking God’s cup of wrath to those who worship the beast — a direct thematic development of the prophetic ‘drink the cup’ motif of divine judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- And if they refuse to take the cup from your hand to drink, then say to them: Thus says the LORD of hosts, 'You shall surely drink it.'
- And if they refuse to take the cup from your hand to drink, then say to them: Thus says the LORD of hosts: You shall surely drink.
Jer.25.29 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- הנה: PART
- בעיר: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- נקרא: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
- שמי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1cs
- עליה: PREP,3,f,sg
- אנכי: PRON,1,sg
- מחל: VERB,qal,ptc,ms,sg
- להרע: VERB,qal,inf
- ואתם: CONJ+PRON,2,pl
- הנקה: INTJ
- תנקו: VERB,qal,impf,2,pl
- לא: PART_NEG
- תנקו: VERB,qal,impf,2,pl
- כי: CONJ
- חרב: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- קרא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- כל: DET
- ישבי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 7:14 (verbal): Same motif and language: judgment on the house/city 'which is called by my name'—God declares removal and disaster for the place bearing his name.
- Micah 3:12 (thematic): Predicts destruction of Jerusalem—'Zion shall be plowed as a field, and Jerusalem shall become heaps'—echoes Jeremiah's threat of inescapable calamity on the city.
- Ezekiel 9:6 (thematic): Depicts divine judgment executed within the city, with slaughter beginning at the sanctuary—parallels Jeremiah's announcement that a sword is against all the inhabitants, including the city of God's name.
- Leviticus 26:31–33 (allusion): Part of the covenant curses promising desolation of cities and scattering of the people when they disobey—background framework for Jeremiah's declaration of judgment on the named city.
- 2 Chronicles 36:17–21 (structural): Narrates the historical fulfillment of prophetic judgment (Babylonian conquest, temple desolation, exile), connecting Jeremiah's threat against the city bearing God's name with the actual punishment visited upon Jerusalem.
Alternative generated candidates
- For behold, I begin to bring evil upon the city that is called by my name; and you shall be made drunk—yet you shall not be cleansed—because I call for the sword on all the inhabitants of the earth, says the LORD of hosts.
- For behold, I begin to bring disaster on the city called by my name—will you be exempt? You shall not be exempt; for I will call for a sword upon all the inhabitants of the earth, says the LORD of hosts.
Jer.25.30 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואתה: CONJ+PRON,2,m,sg
- תנבא: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- אליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- הדברים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- האלה: DEM,pl
- ואמרת: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- אליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ממרום: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישאג: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- וממעון: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg
- קדשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- יתן: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,sg
- קולו: NOUN,m,sg,poss3ms
- שאג: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישאג: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- נוהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- הידד: INTERJ
- כדרכים: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- יענה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- כל: DET
- ישבי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Amos 1:2 (verbal): Uses nearly identical language—'The LORD roars from Zion / utters his voice from Jerusalem'—echoing Jeremiah's announcement of God's roaring from his holy dwelling.
- Joel 3:16 (verbal): Speaks of the LORD roaring from Zion and thundering from Jerusalem with earth-shaking effects, paralleling Jeremiah's image of God's voice issuing from his holy habitation.
- Psalm 29:3-9 (thematic): Psalm 29 portrays the 'voice of the LORD' as a mighty, thunderous force in nature (roaring, breaking cedars, flashing flames), thematically matching Jeremiah's motif of God's powerful roar against the inhabitants of the earth.
- Isaiah 63:1-3 (thematic): Isaiah's 'treading the winepress' imagery for divine judgment connects with Jeremiah's simile 'as those who tread the grapes,' both depicting God executing wrath like a vintner crushing grapes.
Alternative generated candidates
- And you shall prophesy against them all these words and say to them: The LORD will roar from on high, and utter his voice from his holy habitation; he will roar mightily against his pasture, and give a shout—like the shout of those who tread grapes—against all the inhabitants of the earth.
- You shall prophesy against them all these words and say to them: The LORD will roar from on high; from his holy habitation he will give his voice. He will roar mightily over his dwelling; he will cry aloud like those who tread the grapes, and a shout will answer him from the ends of the earth.
Jer.25.31 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- שאון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- קצה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- כי: CONJ
- ריב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- בגוים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- נשפט: VERB,nifal,perf,3,m,sg
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- לכל: PREP
- בשר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הרשעים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- נתנם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg,prsuf,3,m,pl
- לחרב: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 34:2-8 (verbal): Declares the LORD’s indignation against all nations and portrays divine vengeance with slaughter and the sword—language and imagery closely parallel Jeremiah’s ‘the LORD has a quarrel with the nations’ and ‘give the wicked to the sword.’
- Joel 3:2,12 (thematic): Speaks of God gathering the nations for judgment in the valley of decision and calls for the nations to be roused—echoes Jeremiah’s theme of divine contention with the nations and their impending punishment.
- Zephaniah 3:8 (verbal): God announces that he will ‘gather nations’ and ‘pour out my indignation’—uses almost the same motif of the LORD taking action against the nations as in Jeremiah 25:31.
- Psalm 2:1-5 (thematic): Describes the nations’ revolt and the LORD’s response—God’s sovereignty over rebellious nations and the decree to break them resonates with Jeremiah’s portrayal of God’s quarrel and judgment on the wicked.
Alternative generated candidates
- A tumult shall go to the ends of the earth; for the LORD will contend with the nations; he will execute judgment on all flesh. The wicked he has given to the sword, says the LORD.
- A tumult will come to the ends of the earth, for the LORD has a controversy with the nations; he will plead with all flesh; the wicked he will give to the sword, says the LORD.
Jer.25.32 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- הנה: PART
- רעה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יצאת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- מגוי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- גוי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וסער: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- גדול: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- יעור: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,sg
- מירכתי: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,constr
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 50:41 (verbal): Similar motif of a people coming from distant parts ('from the north' / 'from the coasts of the earth') — both announce an invading force arising from the far reaches of the world.
- Ezekiel 38:9 (verbal): Describes an invading host rising 'like a storm' or 'like a cloud' covering the land — echoes Jeremiah's image of a great whirlwind/ tempest of nations.
- Isaiah 5:26 (verbal): Speaks of raising a signal to the nations 'from afar' and their swift coming — parallels the idea of disaster issuing forth from nation to nation and from the ends of the earth.
- Nahum 1:3-4 (thematic): Uses storm/whirlwind imagery for divine judgment ('His way is in the whirlwind and storm') — thematically parallels Jeremiah's depiction of a great tempest of judgment sweeping the lands.
Alternative generated candidates
- Thus says the LORD of hosts: Behold, a calamity shall go forth from nation to nation, and a great whirlwind shall be stirred up from the remotest parts of the earth.
- Thus says the LORD of hosts: Behold, an evil goes forth from nation to nation, and a great storm shall be stirred up from the remotest parts of the earth.
Jer.25.33 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והיו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- חללי: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ביום: PREP
- ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
- מקצה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ועד: CONJ+PREP
- קצה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- לא: PART_NEG
- יספדו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- ולא: CONJ
- יאספו: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,pl
- ולא: CONJ
- יקברו: VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,pl
- לדמן: PREP
- על: PREP
- פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- האדמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- יהיו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 28:26 (verbal): Part of the Deuteronomic curses: corpses become food for birds and beasts—same imagery of unburied dead left exposed to scavengers.
- Ezekiel 39:17-20 (thematic): Divine judgment scene where birds and beasts are summoned to feast on the slain—closely parallels Jeremiah's picture of widespread corpses left unburied.
- Isaiah 34:2-3 (thematic): Prophecy of the Lord's sword and the casting out of the slain so that birds and beasts feast on them—similar language of desolation and exposed corpses.
- Revelation 19:17-18 (allusion): Apocalyptic summons of birds to feast on the flesh of kings and armies—New Testament reuse of the Ezekiel/Jeremiah motif of unburied slain.
- 2 Kings 9:36 (cf. 1 Kings 21:23) (verbal): Narrative curse-fulfillment motif (e.g., Jezebel’s flesh eaten by dogs) expressing the fate of the unburied or dishonored dead, echoing Jeremiah’s humiliation of the slain.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the slain of the LORD shall be from one end of the earth to the other; they shall not be lamented, nor gathered, nor buried—like dung they shall lie upon the face of the ground.
- And the slain of the LORD on that day shall be from one end of the earth even to the other; they shall not be mourned, nor gathered, nor buried; they shall be as refuse on the face of the ground.
Jer.25.34 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הילילו: VERB,piel,imp,2,m,pl
- הרעים: ADJ,m,pl,def
- וזעקו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- והתפלשו: VERB,hitpael,perf,3,mp
- אדירי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- הצאן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- כי: CONJ
- מלאו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- ימיכם: NOUN,m,pl,cs+2mp
- לטבוח: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- ותפוצותיכם: NOUN,f,pl,abs,2mp
- ונפלתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,mp
- ככלי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חמדה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 25:33 (structural): Immediate context: the chapter repeatedly depicts a day of slaughter 'from one end of the earth to the other.' Verse 25:34 continues that scene—mourners, slaughter and the fall of peoples—so 25:33 supplies the broader picture of widespread slaughter to which v.34 belongs.
- Ezekiel 34:2-6, 20-22 (thematic): Ezekiel condemns and judges the shepherds (leaders) and promises punishment for the 'strong of the flock' (leaders/shepherds). The image of failing shepherds and divine judgment parallels Jeremiah’s 'אדירי הצאן' (mighty of the flock) who will cry and be slaughtered.
- Ezekiel 7:19 (verbal): Ezekiel speaks of wealth and prized possessions that will not save in the day of the LORD’s wrath ('their silver and their gold shall not be able to deliver them'), echoing Jeremiah’s image of peoples falling 'as a vessel of desire'—loss of what is valued amid destruction.
- Zephaniah 1:14-18 (thematic): Zephaniah portrays the coming 'day of the LORD' as a day of wrath when people will cry, be in anguish, and find no refuge or ransom—paralleling Jeremiah’s scene of lamentation, rolling in the dust, and the irrevocable fall of nations and prized peoples.
Alternative generated candidates
- Wail, O shepherds, and cry out; roll in the dust, O chiefs of the flock; for your days of slaughter have come, and the time of your dispersions. You shall fall like a prized vessel.
- Wail, shepherds, and cry; roll in the dust, chiefs of the flock; for the days of your slaughter have come, and your times of dispersion; you have fallen like a choice vessel.
Jer.25.35 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואבד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg,conj-w
- מנוס: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מן: PREP
- הרעים: ADJ,m,pl,def
- ופליטה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מאדירי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- הצאן: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Isaiah 10:20-22 (thematic): Speaks of a remnant of Israel that survives a devastating attack; parallels Jeremiah’s motif of survivors/escape after sword-judgment.
- Jeremiah 23:3 (verbal): In the same prophetic corpus God promises to 'gather the remnant' of his flock—echoing Jeremiah 25’s concern with a surviving remnant after destruction.
- Joel 2:32 (thematic): Proclaims that those who call on the LORD will be saved/escape; parallels the theme of deliverance and fugitives preserved amid divine judgment.
- Micah 2:12-13 (thematic): Promises that a remnant will be assembled and the 'breaker' will pass through before them—connecting the image of a surviving remnant released from threat (sword/oppression).
Alternative generated candidates
- No escape shall be left to the wicked, nor any remnant for the mighty of the flock.
- Escape is cut off from the wicked, and a remnant from the mighty of the flock.
Jer.25.36 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- קול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- צעקת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- הרעים: ADJ,m,pl,def
- ויללת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- אדירי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- הצאן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- כי: CONJ
- שדד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- מרעיתם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Psalm 12:5 (verbal): Uses similar language about the plight of the needy/poor and God acting because the poor are plundered—echoes 'voice of the cry of the needy.'
- Amos 8:4-6 (thematic): Condemns those who trample and exploit the needy; parallels Jeremiah's motive for judgment—oppression and the cry of the poor.
- Ezekiel 34:17-19 (verbal): Pastoral imagery of shepherds/owners destroying pastures and scattering the flock—echoes Jeremiah's note that the LORD has spoiled their pasture.
- Jeremiah 22:3 (structural): Within the same book: an explicit command to do justice to the needy and a warning that God will judge those who oppress them—provides the ethical/causal background for 25:36.
- Proverbs 22:22-23 (thematic): Affirms that the LORD takes the cause of the poor and will vindicate them—resonates with the divine response to the cries of the afflicted in Jeremiah 25:36.
Alternative generated candidates
- The voice of the cry of the shepherds, and the wail of the chiefs of the flock! For the LORD has spoiled their pasture.
- The sound of the cry of the shepherds and the wailing of the chiefs of the flock—for the LORD has despoiled their pasture.
Jer.25.37 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ונדמו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- נאות: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- השלום: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מפני: PREP
- חרון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אף: ADV
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 24:10-12 (thematic): Isaiah depicts cities and habitations made desolate because of the LORD’s anger over the earth, a parallel theme of peaceful places silenced by divine wrath.
- Zephaniah 2:15 (verbal): Speaks of a city that 'dwelt carelessly/at ease' and is turned into a desolation—language and theme closely echoing 'peaceful habitations' cut off by Yahweh’s fury.
- Lamentations 2:9 (structural): From the same prophetic/lament tradition as Jeremiah: describes gates and dwellings destroyed as a result of the LORD’s fierce anger, paralleling the silencing of peaceful habitations.
- Nahum 3:18-19 (thematic): Describes a once-secure city reduced to ruin and helplessness under God’s judgment—a comparable portrayal of confident dwellings undone by divine wrath.
Alternative generated candidates
- The pastures of peace are silent because of the wrath of the LORD.
- The pastures of peace lie silent because of the fierce anger of the LORD.
Jer.25.38 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- עזב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ככפיר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- סכו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,m
- כי: CONJ
- היתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- ארצם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
- לשמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מפני: PREP
- חרון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- היונה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ומפני: CONJ+PREP
- חרון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אפו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,suff3ms
Parallels
- Jeremiah 4:7-8 (verbal): Uses lion-from-the-thicket/lair imagery together with the announcement that the land will be made desolate because of the Lord’s anger—close verbal and thematic echo within Jeremiah.
- Nahum 2:11 (verbal): Poses the question about a lion’s den (ʼôhel/ʼor) and uses lion-den imagery in the context of judgment and destruction, paralleling the ‘left his lair’ motif.
- Hosea 13:7-8 (thematic): God described as rousing himself like a lion to punish Israel—links the divine wrath-as-lion motif and the idea of violent devastation as God’s response.
- Isaiah 13:9-13 (thematic): Announces the coming day of the LORD with fierce anger and fury that brings widespread desolation of land and peoples—parallels the cause (the Lord’s wrath) and result (land made desolate).
Alternative generated candidates
- Like a lion he has gone forth from his thicket; for their land has become a desolation because of the fierce anger of the LORD and the heat of his wrath.
- He has left their boughs bare; for their land has become a desolation because of the burning fury of the LORD and the heat of his wrath.
Thus says the LORD, the God of Israel, to me: Take from my hand this cup of hot wine, and make all the nations to whom I send you drink.
They shall drink and be intoxicated; they shall stagger and be convulsed because of the sword that I send among them. So I took the cup from the LORD's hand and made all the nations to whom the LORD had sent me drink.
Jerusalem and the cities of Judah, with their kings and their princes—I made them a desolation, a spoil, a jeer, and a curse on that day.
Pharaoh king of Egypt and his servants, his princes, and all his people.
All the kings of Arabia, all the kings of the land of Uz, all the kings of the land of the Philistines—Ashkelon, Gaza, Ekron—and the remnant of Ashdod.
Edom, Moab, and the children of Ammon.
All the kings of Tyre, all the kings of Sidon, and the kings of the islands beyond the sea.
Dedan, Tema, Buz, and all who cut off the edge of their hair.
All the kings of Arabia and all the kings of the neighbouring Arab tribes who dwell in the wilderness.
All the kings of Zimri, all the kings of Elam, and all the kings of Media.
All the kings of the north, near and far, everyone beside his brother, and all the kingdoms of the earth that are on the face of the ground—then the king of Sheshach shall drink after them. And you shall say to them, 'Thus says the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: Drink and be drunk, vomit and fall and never rise again, because of the sword that I send among you.'
If they refuse to take the cup from your hand to drink, then say to them, 'Thus says the LORD of hosts: Drink, drink!'
For behold, I am beginning to bring evil upon the city that is called by my name; and you shall be bereaved—you shall not be cleansed; for I have summoned a sword against all the inhabitants of the land, says the LORD of hosts.
You shall prophesy to them all these words and say to them: The LORD will roar from on high; from his holy habitation he will send forth his voice. He will roar over his pasture; with a warlike shout he will answer against all the inhabitants of the earth.
A noise shall come to the ends of the earth, for the LORD has a controversy with the nations; he will judge all flesh, and the wicked he has given over to the sword, says the LORD. Thus says the LORD of hosts: Behold, disaster goes forth from nation to nation, and a great whirlwind is stirred up from the remotest parts of the earth. And the slain of the LORD shall be from one end of the earth to the other; they shall not be mourned, nor gathered, nor buried; they shall be dung on the face of the ground.
Wail, you shepherds, and cry out; roll in anguish, you mighty ones of the flock; for the days of your slaughter and the time of your dispersion have come—you shall fall like a prized vessel.
There shall be no escape for the wicked, nor any remnant for the mighty of the flock.
A cry of the shepherds and the wail of the mighty of the flock, for the LORD has laid waste their pasture.
The pastures of the fold shall be silent because of the wrath of the LORD.
Like a lion he has left his lair; for their land has become a desolation because of the heat of his anger and because of the blast of his wrath.