The Burial of Jesus
Luke 23:50-56
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Luke.23.50 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Και: CONJ
- ιδου: PART
- ανηρ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ονοματι: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- Ιωσηφ: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- βουλευτης: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- υπαρχων: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,sg,m
- ανηρ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- αγαθος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- δικαιος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
Parallels
- Matthew 27:57-60 (structural): Narrative parallel: Joseph of Arimathea obtains Jesus' body and provides his own tomb; aligns with Luke's introduction of Joseph as the man who will bury Jesus.
- Mark 15:43-46 (verbal): Close verbal parallel: Mark calls him a respected member of the council who asked Pilate for Jesus' body—parallels Luke's 'βουλευτης' (member of the council) and his role in the burial.
- John 19:38-42 (verbal): Parallel account: John identifies Joseph of Arimathea (and Nicodemus) as the one who wrapped Jesus' body and laid it in a new tomb; John emphasizes his wealth and discipleship, complementing Luke's 'good and righteous' description.
- Isaiah 53:9 (allusion): Thematic/prophetic parallel: Isaiah's statement that the suffering servant 'was assigned a grave with the wicked, and with the rich in his death' is often linked to Jesus being buried in Joseph's new (rich) tomb.
Alternative generated candidates
- Now there was a man named Joseph, a member of the council, a good and righteous man,
- Now there was a man named Joseph, a member of the council, a good and righteous man;
Luke.23.51 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ουτος: PRON,nom,sg,m
- ουκ: PART,neg
- ην: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- συγκατατεθειμενος: VERB,perf,pass,ptc,nom,sg,m
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- βουλη: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- πραξει: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- αυτων: PRON,gen,pl,m
- απο: PREP
- Αριμαθαιας: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- πολεως: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- Ιουδαιων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- ος: PRON,nom,sg,m
- προσεδεχετο: VERB,impf,mid,ind,3,sg
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- βασιλειαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Mark 15:43 (verbal): Refers to Joseph of Arimathea and uses nearly the same language that he 'was looking for the kingdom of God' and did not go along with the council's act—close verbal and contextual parallel to Luke 23:51.
- Matthew 27:57 (thematic): Identifies Joseph of Arimathea as the man who buried Jesus; parallels Luke's notice of his origin and role at the burial, though Matthew emphasizes his wealth rather than his expectation of God's kingdom.
- John 19:38 (thematic): Also records Joseph of Arimathea obtaining Jesus' body for burial; John calls him a (secret) disciple, paralleling Luke's depiction of his favorable disposition and separation from the council's deed.
- Luke 23:50 (structural): Immediate parallel within Luke that names the man as Joseph of Arimathea and frames the description in 23:51—connects identity (v.50) with the comment about his conscience and hope (v.51).
Alternative generated candidates
- who had not consented to their counsel and action. He was from Arimathea, a city of the Jews.
- he had not consented to their counsel and deed. He was from Arimathea, a city of the Jews, and he was awaiting the kingdom of God.
Luke.23.52 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ουτος: PRON,nom,sg,m
- προσελθων: PART,aor,act,nom,m,sg
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- Πιλατω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- ητησατο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- σωμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- Ιησου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Mark 15:43 (verbal): Joseph of Arimathea goes to Pilate and asks for Jesus' body—near verbal parallel to Luke 23:52.
- Matthew 27:57-58 (verbal): Matthew reports Joseph of Arimathea requesting Jesus' body from Pilate and providing his own tomb, paralleling Luke's account.
- John 19:38 (verbal): John likewise records Joseph of Arimathea asking Pilate for Jesus' body (with Nicodemus assisting), confirming and expanding Luke's detail.
- Isaiah 53:9 (allusion): Prophetic background about the suffering servant's burial (‘with the rich in his death’)—an interpretive allusion fulfilled by Joseph's burial of Jesus.
- Acts 13:29 (thematic): Speaks of taking Jesus down and laying him in a tomb after his death, thematically echoing the Gospel reports of Joseph obtaining Jesus' body for burial.
Alternative generated candidates
- This man went to Pilate and asked for the body of Jesus.
- He went in to Pilate and asked for the body of Jesus.
Luke.23.53 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- καθελων: VERB,aor,act,ptc,nom,sg,m
- ενετυλιξεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτο: PRON,acc,sg,neut
- σινδονι: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- εθηκεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- εν: PREP
- μνηματι: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- λαξευτω: ADJ,dat,sg,m
- ου: PART,neg
- ουκ: PART,neg
- ην: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- ουδεις: PRON,nom,sg,m
- ουπω: ADV
- κειμενος: VERB,perf,mid/pass,ptc,nom,m,sg
Parallels
- Matthew 27:59-60 (verbal): Matthew records Joseph of Arimathea taking Jesus' body, wrapping it in a clean linen cloth and laying it in his own new tomb—language and sequence parallel Luke's 'wrapped in a linen cloth' and 'laid him in a tomb.'
- Mark 15:46 (verbal): Mark closely parallels Luke's wording: Joseph of Arimathea bought a linen cloth, took Jesus down, wrapped him in the linen and laid him in a tomb hewn out of the rock—emphasizing the same burial actions and the hewn tomb.
- John 19:40-42 (structural): John describes Jesus' body being wrapped with spices in linen strips and placed in a new tomb in a garden (Joseph's tomb). The combination of linen burial and placement in a new/hewn tomb parallels Luke's account, though John adds details about spices and Nicodemus.
- Isaiah 53:9 (allusion): Isaiah's prophecy that the suffering servant 'was assigned a grave with the wicked, and with the rich in his death' is commonly read as foreshadowing the Messiah's burial. New Testament writers link Jesus' burial in Joseph's (a rich man's) tomb to this prophetic fulfillment, an allusion relevant to Luke's burial detail.
Alternative generated candidates
- He took it down, wrapped it in a linen cloth, and laid him in a tomb hewn out of the rock, where no one had yet been laid.
- Then he took it down, wrapped it in linen, and laid him in a tomb cut in stone, where no one had ever yet been laid.
Luke.23.54 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- ημερα: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- ην: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- παρασκευης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- σαββατον: NOUN,nom,sg,n
- επεφωσκεν: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- Mark 15:42 (verbal): Uses the same temporal formula — it was the Preparation Day and the Sabbath was beginning (παρασκευή; σαββάτῳ ἐπέφωσκεν), a near-verbatim parallel to Luke's wording.
- Matthew 27:62 (verbal): Refers to the day following the Preparation (the day after the day of Preparation) in the same Passion chronology, linking the burial/guard motif to the Sabbath timing.
- John 19:31 (verbal): Explicitly states that it was the Preparation Day and links the urgency to remove bodies because the Sabbath was at hand (παρασκευή ἦν· ἦν οὖν σάββατον), echoing Luke's timing and concern for the Sabbath.
- Luke 23:56 (thematic): Immediate Lukan parallel: the women return to prepare spices and then 'rested on the Sabbath according to the commandment,' continuing the theme of Sabbath observance introduced in 23:54.
Alternative generated candidates
- It was the day of Preparation, and the Sabbath was drawing near.
- It was the day of Preparation, and the Sabbath was beginning.
Luke.23.55 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- κατακολουθησασαι: VERB,aor,act,part,fem,nom,pl
- δε: CONJ
- αι: ART,nom,pl,f
- γυναικες: NOUN,nom,pl,f
- αιτινες: PRON,nom,pl,f
- ησαν: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,pl
- συνεληλυθυιαι: VERB,perf,mid/pass,part,fem,nom,pl
- εκ: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- Γαλιλαιας: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
- εθεασαντο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- μνημειον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- και: CONJ
- ως: ADV
- ετεθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- σωμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Matthew 27:55-56 (verbal): Mentions the women who had followed Jesus from Galilee and ministered to him, echoing Luke’s note that women from Galilee followed and witnessed the burial.
- Mark 15:47 (verbal): States that Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of Joses saw where Jesus was laid, a close verbal parallel to Luke’s observation that the women saw the tomb and how the body was placed.
- Matthew 27:61 (verbal): Notes that Mary Magdalene and the other Mary were sitting opposite the tomb, paralleling Luke’s focus on the women watching the burial site.
- Mark 16:1 (thematic): Describes the same circle of women who later visit the tomb to anoint Jesus, continuing the theme of female followers who attend to Jesus’ body after the burial.
- Luke 24:10 (structural): In the same Gospel, identifies the women (Mary Magdalene, Joanna, Mary the mother of James, and others) as the witnesses who report the empty tomb—directly continuing the narrative of Luke 23:55.
Alternative generated candidates
- The women who had come with him from Galilee followed and observed the tomb and how his body was laid.
- The women who had come with him from Galilee followed and saw the tomb and how his body was laid.
Luke.23.56 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- υποστρεψασαι: VERB,aor,act,part,f,nom,pl
- δε: CONJ
- ητοιμασαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- αρωματα: NOUN,acc,pl,n
- και: CONJ
- μυρα: NOUN,acc,pl,n
- Και: CONJ
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- μεν: PART
- σαββατον: NOUN,nom,sg,n
- ησυχασαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- κατα: PREP
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- εντολην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
Parallels
- Mark 16:1 (verbal): Women preparing/buying spices to anoint Jesus' body (Mary Magdalene and others); parallels Luke's mention of preparing spices and ointments and the timing around the Sabbath.
- Matthew 28:1 (thematic): After the Sabbath, the women come to the tomb (Matthew links the women's actions to the Sabbath interval, echoing Luke's note that they rested on the Sabbath).
- John 19:40 (verbal): Nicodemus and Joseph of Arimathea bring a mixture of myrrh and aloes and bind the body with spices — parallels Luke's reference to preparing aromatics and myrrh for burial.
- Exodus 20:8 (allusion): The fourth commandment to 'remember the Sabbath day' — Luke's phrase 'rested on the sabbath according to the commandment' alludes to the Mosaic Sabbath law.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then they returned and prepared spices and ointments. On the Sabbath they rested according to the commandment.
- Then they returned and prepared spices and ointments; and on the Sabbath they rested according to the commandment.
Now there was a man named Joseph, a member of the council, a good and righteous man.
He had not consented to their counsel and deed; he came from Arimathea, a city of the Jews, and was himself waiting for the kingdom of God.
He went to Pilate and asked for the body of Jesus.
He took it down, wrapped it in a linen cloth, and laid him in a tomb cut out of the rock, where no one had yet been laid.
It was the day of Preparation, and the Sabbath was drawing near.
The women who had come with him from Galilee followed and saw the tomb and how his body was laid.
Then they returned and prepared spices and ointments. On the Sabbath they rested according to the commandment.