Zedekiah's Reign and Rejection of Prophetic Warnings
2 Chronicles 36:11-14
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2 C.36.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עשרים: NUM,card,pl
- ואחת: CONJ+NUM,card,sg,f
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- צדקיהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- במלכו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ואחת: CONJ+NUM,card,sg,f
- עשרה: NUM,card,m,pl
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בירושלם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 24:18 (verbal): Gives the same basic data verbatim: Zedekiah was twenty-one when he began to reign and reigned eleven years in Jerusalem.
- Jeremiah 52:1 (quotation): Repeats the information about Zedekiah’s age at accession and the eleven-year duration of his reign.
- 2 Kings 25:1 (structural): Describes Nebuchadnezzar’s siege of Jerusalem, the event that brings Zedekiah’s eleven-year reign to its crisis and end.
- Jeremiah 39:1 (thematic): Narrates the fall of Jerusalem and Zedekiah’s capture, the climactic events concluding his eleven-year reign.
Alternative generated candidates
- Zedekiah was twenty-one years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem.
- Zedekiah was twenty-one years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem.
2 C.36.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- הרע: ADJ,m,sg,def
- בעיני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהיו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- לא: PART_NEG
- נכנע: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
- מלפני: PREP
- ירמיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הנביא: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מפי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 24:8-9 (verbal): Parallel report of Jehoiachin’s age, short reign, and the statement that he did evil in the sight of the LORD — Chronicles echoes the Kings account verbal theme.
- 2 Kings 24:12-16 (thematic): Narrative of Nebuchadnezzar’s removal of Jehoiachin to Babylon and the exile — the concrete consequence of the king’s evil and refusal to heed prophetic warning.
- Jeremiah 22:24-30 (allusion): Jeremiah’s oracle against Coniah/Jehoiachin (no descendant will prosper on David’s throne) connects to Chronicles’ note that the king would not humble himself before Jeremiah’s word.
- Jeremiah 52:31-34 (thematic): Late historical note about Jehoiachin’s imprisonment and later release in Babylon — relates to the fate narrated in Chronicles as the outcome of rejecting prophetic counsel.
Alternative generated candidates
- He did evil in the sight of the LORD his God; he did not submit to Jeremiah the prophet, who spoke the word of the LORD.
- He did evil in the sight of the LORD his God; he would not submit to Jeremiah the prophet, from the mouth of the LORD.
2 C.36.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וגם: CONJ
- במלך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נבוכדנאצר: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מרד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אשר: PRON,rel
- השביעו: VERB,hif,perf,3,m,pl
- באלהים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ויקש: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- ערפו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss:3,m,sg
- ויאמץ: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- לבבו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss:3,m,sg
- משוב: PREP
- אל: NEG
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 24:18-20 (structural): Parallel narrative: Zedekiah (set up by Nebuchadnezzar) rebels against him and hardens his heart—same episode recounted in Kings.
- Jeremiah 52:4-5 (structural): Retelling of Zedekiah's oath to Nebuchadnezzar and subsequent rebellion; mirrors Chronicles' report of refusing to return to the LORD.
- Ezekiel 17:15-18 (allusion): Prophetic parable about a Judahite king who made oaths to Babylon and then rebelled—echoes the language of covenant/oath and rebellion in Chronicles 36:13.
- Deuteronomy 9:13 (thematic): Uses the motif of a 'stiff-necked' (stubborn) people/leader; thematically parallels the chronicler's charge of hardening the neck/heart and failing to return to Yahweh.
Alternative generated candidates
- He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, to whom he had sworn by God; he stiffened his neck and hardened his heart, and would not return to the LORD, the God of Israel.
- And he rebelled also against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God; he stiffened his neck and strengthened his heart, refusing to return to the LORD, the God of Israel.
2 C.36.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- גם: ADV
- כל: DET
- שרי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- הכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- והעם: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,def
- הרבו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- למעול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מעל: PREP
- ככל: PREP
- תעבות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- הגוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ויטמאו: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- הקדיש: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- בירושלם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 24:3-4 (structural): Parallel historical account of Judah’s leaders and people persisting in evil and the consequent profaning of the land/temple in the Kings narrative (Chronicles’ account of the same events).
- Ezekiel 8:6-12 (thematic): Ezekiel condemns the elders and leaders of Israel for participating in idolatrous abominations within the sanctuary—similar theme of priests/officials defiling the holy place.
- Jeremiah 7:30-34 (thematic): Jeremiah pronounces judgment because the city and its houses are full of abominations and violence, echoing the charge that Israel’s practices profaned the Lord’s house in Jerusalem.
- Psalm 106:34-39 (thematic): The psalm recounts how Israel and its leaders mingled with the nations, served their idols, and thereby defiled the land and sanctuary—paralleling Chronicles’ charge against priests and people who multiplied transgression.
Alternative generated candidates
- Moreover all the chiefs of the priests and the people multiplied transgression, committing every abomination of the nations, and they defiled the house of the LORD which he had consecrated in Jerusalem.
- Moreover all the chief officers of the priests and the people multiplied their transgression beyond the abominations of the nations, and they defiled the house of the LORD which the LORD had consecrated in Jerusalem.
Zedekiah was twenty-one years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem.
He did evil in the sight of the LORD his God; he would not submit to Jeremiah the prophet, who spoke from the LORD.
He rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, to whom he had sworn by God; he stiffened his neck and strengthened his heart, and would not return to the LORD, the God of Israel.
Moreover all the chief priests and the people increased in transgression—practicing the abominations of the nations—and they defiled the house of the LORD that he had consecrated in Jerusalem.