The Golden Calf

Exodus 32:1-33:6

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Genesis

The Creation of the World 1:1-2:3 The Creation of Man and Woman 2:4-25 The Fall of Man 3:1-24 Cain and Abel 4:1-26 From Adam to Noah 5:1-32 The Flood 6:1-8:22 God’s Covenant with Noah 9:1-17 Noah’s Drunkenness and Curse 9:18-29 Nations Descended from Noah 10:1-32 The Tower of Babel 11:1-9 From Shem to Abram 11:10-32 The Call of Abram 12:1-9 Abram in Egypt 12:10-20 Abram and Lot Separate 13:1-18 Abram Rescues Lot 14:1-24 God’s Covenant with Abram 15:1-21 Hagar and Ishmael 16:1-16 The Covenant of Circumcision 17:1-27 A Son Promised to Sarah 18:1-15 Abraham Intercedes for Sodom 18:16-33 The Destruction of Sodom 19:1-29 The Origin of Moab and Ammon 19:30-38 Abraham and Abimelech 20:1-18 The Birth of Isaac 21:1-7 Hagar and Ishmael Sent Away 21:8-21 A Treaty with Abimelech 21:22-34 The Sacrifice of Isaac 22:1-19 Nahor’s Children 22:20-24 The Death and Burial of Sarah 23:1-20 A Wife for Isaac 24:1-67 The Death of Abraham 25:1-11 Ishmael’s Descendants 25:12-18 Esau and Jacob 25:19-34 Isaac and Abimelech 26:1-35 Jacob Takes Esau’s Blessing 27:1-40 Jacob Sent to Paddan-aram 27:41-28:9 Jacob’s Dream at Bethel 28:10-22 Jacob Meets Rachel 29:1-14 Jacob Marries Leah and Rachel 29:15-30 The Children of Jacob 29:31-30:24 Jacob’s Prosperity 30:25-43 Jacob Flees from Laban 31:1-21 Jacob and Laban Make a Covenant 31:22-55 Jacob Prepares to Meet Esau 32:1-21 Jacob Wrestles with God 32:22-32 Jacob Meets Esau 33:1-20 Dinah and the Shechemites 34:1-31 God Blesses Jacob at Bethel 35:1-15 Deaths of Rachel and Isaac 35:16-29 Esau’s Descendants 36:1-30 The Kings of Edom 36:31-43 Joseph’s Dreams 37:1-11 Joseph Sold by His Brothers 37:12-36 Judah and Tamar 38:1-30 Joseph and Potiphar’s Wife 39:1-23 Joseph Interprets Dreams in Prison 40:1-23 Pharaoh’s Dreams 41:1-40 Joseph Rises to Power 41:41-57 Joseph’s Brothers Go to Egypt 42:1-38 Joseph’s Brothers Return with Benjamin 43:1-34 The Silver Cup 44:1-34 Joseph Reveals Himself 45:1-28 Jacob Goes to Egypt 46:1-47:12 Joseph and the Famine 47:13-31 Jacob Blesses Ephraim and Manasseh 48:1-22 Jacob Blesses His Sons 49:1-28 The Death and Burial of Jacob 49:29-50:14 Joseph Reassures His Brothers 50:15-21 The Death of Joseph 50:22-26

Exodus

Israel Increases in Egypt 1:1-22 The Birth of Moses 2:1-10 Moses Flees to Midian 2:11-25 The Burning Bush 3:1-22 Signs for Moses 4:1-17 Moses Returns to Egypt 4:18-31 Moses and Aaron Before Pharaoh 5:1-21 God Promises Deliverance 5:22-6:12 The Genealogy of Moses and Aaron 6:13-27 Moses and Aaron Sent to Pharaoh 6:28-7:7 Aaron’s Staff Becomes a Serpent 7:8-13 The First Plague: Water to Blood 7:14-24 The Second Plague: Frogs 7:25-8:15 The Third Plague: Gnats 8:16-19 The Fourth Plague: Flies 8:20-32 The Fifth Plague: Livestock Die 9:1-7 The Sixth Plague: Boils 9:8-12 The Seventh Plague: Hail 9:13-35 The Eighth Plague: Locusts 10:1-20 The Ninth Plague: Darkness 10:21-29 A Final Plague Threatened 11:1-10 The Passover 12:1-30 The Exodus 12:31-42 Passover Regulations 12:43-51 Consecration of the Firstborn 13:1-16 Crossing the Red Sea 13:17-14:31 The Song of Moses 15:1-21 Bitter Water Made Sweet 15:22-27 Manna from Heaven 16:1-36 Water from the Rock 17:1-7 Amalek Defeated 17:8-16 Jethro’s Advice 18:1-27 Israel at Mount Sinai 19:1-25 The Ten Commandments 20:1-21 Laws About Altars 20:22-21:1 Laws About Slaves 21:2-11 Laws About Personal Injuries 21:12-36 Laws About Restitution 22:1-15 Laws About Holiness 22:16-31 Laws About Justice 23:1-9 Sabbath Years and Weeks 23:10-13 The Three Feasts 23:14-19 The Angel and the Promises 23:20-33 The Covenant Confirmed 24:1-18 Contributions for the Sanctuary 25:1-9 The Ark of the Testimony 25:10-22 The Table for Bread 25:23-30 The Golden Lampstand 25:31-40 The Tabernacle 26:1-37 The Bronze Altar 27:1-8 The Court of the Tabernacle 27:9-19 Oil for the Lamp 27:20-21 The Priests’ Garments 28:1-5 The Ephod 28:6-14 The Breastpiece of Judgment 28:15-30 Other Priestly Garments 28:31-43 Consecration of the Priests 29:1-46 The Altar of Incense 30:1-10 The Census Tax 30:11-16 The Bronze Basin 30:17-21 The Anointing Oil 30:22-33 The Incense 30:34-38 Oholiab and Bezalel 31:1-11 The Sabbath Sign 31:12-18 The Golden Calf 32:1-33:6 The Tent of Meeting 33:7-11 Moses’ Intercession and God’s Glory 33:12-23 New Tablets and Covenant 34:1-28 The Shining Face of Moses 34:29-35 Sabbath Regulations 35:1-3 Freewill Offerings for the Tabernacle 35:4-29 Bezalel and Oholiab Set Apart 35:30-36:7 Making the Tabernacle 36:8-38 Making the Ark 37:1-9 Making the Table 37:10-16 Making the Lampstand 37:17-24 Making the Altar of Incense 37:25-29 Making the Bronze Altar 38:1-7 Making the Bronze Basin 38:8 Making the Court 38:9-20 Materials of the Tabernacle 38:21-31 Making the Priests’ Garments 39:1 The Ephod Made 39:2-7 The Breastpiece Made 39:8-21 Other Garments Made 39:22-31 The Work Completed 39:32-43 The Tabernacle Erected 40:1-33 The Glory Fills the Tabernacle 40:34-38

Numbers

The Census of Israel 1:1-54 Arrangement of the Camp 2:1-34 The Levites’ Duties 3:1-51 Kohathites’ Service 4:1-20 Gershonites’ Service 4:21-28 Merarites’ Service 4:29-33 Census of the Levites 4:34-49 Unclean Removed from Camp 5:1-4 Restitution for Wrongs 5:5-10 The Test for Adultery 5:11-31 The Nazirite Vow 6:1-21 The Priestly Blessing 6:22-27 Offerings of the Leaders 7:1-89 The Lamps 8:1-4 The Levites Consecrated 8:5-26 The Passover Celebrated 9:1-14 The Cloud Over the Tabernacle 9:15-23 The Silver Trumpets 10:1-10 Departure from Sinai 10:11-36 Complaint and Quail; Seventy Elders 11:1-35 Miriam and Aaron Oppose Moses 12:1-16 Spies Sent into Canaan 13:1-25 Report of the Spies 13:26-33 The People Rebel 14:1-45 Offerings and Firstfruits 15:1-21 Unintentional Sin and Presumptuous Sin 15:22-31 The Sabbath-Breaker 15:32-36 Tassels on Garments 15:37-41 Korah’s Rebellion 16:1-50 Aaron’s Staff Buds 17:1-13 Priests’ and Levites’ Duties 18:1-7 Portions for Priests and Levites 18:8-32 The Red Heifer 19:1-22 Water from the Rock at Meribah 20:1-13 Edom Refuses Passage 20:14-21 Aaron’s Death 20:22-29 Arad Defeated 21:1-3 The Bronze Serpent 21:4-9 Journeys in the Wilderness 21:10-20 Victories over Sihon and Og 21:21-35 Balaam Summoned 22:1-20 Balaam’s Donkey and the Angel 22:21-41 Balaam’s First Oracle 23:1-12 Balaam’s Second Oracle 23:13-26 Balaam’s Third Oracle 23:27-24:14 The Star out of Jacob 24:15-19 Balaam’s Final Sayings 24:20-25 Baal of Peor and Phinehas 25:1-18 The Second Census 26:1-65 Daughters of Zelophehad 27:1-11 Joshua Appointed 27:12-23 Daily Offerings 28:1-8 Sabbath Offerings 28:9-10 Monthly Offerings 28:11-15 Passover Offerings 28:16-25 Weeks (Firstfruits) Offerings 28:26-31 Trumpets Offerings 29:1-6 Day of Atonement Offerings 29:7-11 Booths Offerings 29:12-40 Vows 30:1-16 War with Midian—Spoils 31:1-24 Division of the Spoils 31:25-54 Reuben, Gad, and Half-Manasseh 32:1-42 Stages of Israel’s Journey 33:1-56 Boundaries of the Land 34:1-29 Levitical Cities 35:1-5 Cities of Refuge 35:6-34 Marriage of Zelophehad’s Daughters 36:1-13

Deuteronomy

Preamble and Setting 1:1-8 Leaders Appointed 1:9-18 Spies Sent 1:19-25 Rebellion and Judgment 1:26-46 Journey Through Edom, Moab, Ammon 2:1-23 Victory over Sihon 2:24-37 Victory over Og 3:1-11 Allotment East of Jordan 3:12-20 Moses Forbidden to Enter 3:21-29 Call to Obey 4:1-14 No Idols 4:15-31 The LORD Alone Is God 4:32-40 Cities of Refuge East 4:41-43 Introduction to the Law 4:44-49 The Ten Commandments Rehearsed 5:1-33 The Shema and Instruction 6:1-25 Warning Against the Nations 7:1-26 Do Not Forget the LORD 8:1-20 Not for Your Righteousness 9:1-6 Israel’s Rebellions Recounted 9:7-29 New Tablets; Ark 10:1-11 Fear the LORD 10:12-22 Love, Obey, Choose 11:1-32 The Place of Worship 12:1-32 False Prophets and Idolatry 13:1-18 Clean and Unclean Foods 14:1-21 Tithes 14:22-29 Sabbatical Year 15:1-11 Hebrew Slaves 15:12-18 Firstborn Animals 15:19-23 Passover 16:1-8 Weeks 16:9-12 Booths 16:13-17 Justice 16:18-20 Forbidden Worship 16:21-17:7 Difficult Cases 17:8-13 Laws for the King 17:14-20 Provision for Levites 18:1-8 Abominable Practices 18:9-13 A Prophet Like Moses 18:14-22 Cities of Refuge 19:1-14 Witnesses and Penalties 19:15-21 Rules for War 20:1-20 Unsolved Murder 21:1-9 Wives from War 21:10-14 Rights of the Firstborn 21:15-17 Rebellious Son 21:18-21 Various Laws 21:22-22:12 Laws of Chastity 22:13-30 Assembly Exclusions 23:1-8 Camp Purity 23:9-14 Various Laws Continued 23:15-25:19 Firstfruits and Tithes Confession 26:1-15 You Are the LORD’s People 26:16-19 Law on Stones and Altar 27:1-8 Curses Pronounced 27:9-26 Blessings for Obedience 28:1-14 Curses for Disobedience 28:15-68 Renewal in Moab 29:1-29 Choose Life 30:1-20 Joshua Commissioned 31:1-8 Public Reading of the Law 31:9-13 Moses’ Warning of Apostasy 31:14-29 The Song of Moses 31:30-32:47 Moses to Die on Nebo 32:48-52 Moses Blesses Israel 33:1-29 The Death of Moses 34:1-12

Joshua

Joshua Commissioned and Encouraged 1:1-18 Rahab Protects the Spies 2:1-24 Crossing the Jordan and Memorial Stones 3:1-4:24 Renewal at Gilgal: Circumcision and Passover 5:1-12 The Commander Appears and the Fall of Jericho 5:13-6:27 Defeat at Ai and Achan's Sin Revealed 7:1-26 The Capture and Destruction of Ai 8:1-29 Altar on Mount Ebal and the Law Proclaimed 8:30-35 The Gibeonite Deception and Treaty 9:1-27 Victory at Gibeon and the Long Day 10:1-15 Capture and Execution of the Five Kings 10:16-28 The Southern Campaign and Conquest of Cities 10:29-43 Defeat of the Northern Coalition and Hazor Destroyed 11:1-23 Lists of Kings Defeated East and West of the Jordan 12:1-24 Land Remaining to Be Possessed 13:1-7 Allotments East of the Jordan 13:8-33 Procedure for Distributing the Land and Levitical Cities 14:1-5 Caleb's Claim and Inheritance of Hebron 14:6-15 Boundaries and Towns of Judah 15:1-63 Ephraim and West Manasseh: Boundaries and Claims 16:1-17:18 Shiloh Established and the Land Surveyed 18:1-10 Territory and Towns of Benjamin 18:11-28 Territory of Simeon 19:1-9 Territory of Zebulun 19:10-16 Territory of Issachar 19:17-23 Territory of Asher 19:24-31 Territory of Naphtali 19:32-39 Territory of Dan 19:40-48 Completion of the Allotments and Joshua's Inheritance 19:49-51 Cities of Refuge Established 20:1-9 Levitical Cities and Their Holdings 21:1-45 The Eastern Tribes' Altar and the Reconciliation 22:1-34 Joshua's Farewell Exhortation and Warning 23:1-16 Renewal of the Covenant at Shechem 24:1-27 Death and Burial of Joshua and Eleazar 24:28-33

1 Samuel

Hannah's Prayer for a Son 1:1-20 Hannah Presents Samuel to the Lord 1:21-28 Hannah's Song of Praise 2:1-11 Eli's Corrupt Sons and Samuel's Childhood 2:12-26 Prophecy of Judgment on Eli's House 2:27-36 Samuel's Call and the Lord's Word to Eli 3:1-4:1 Israel Defeated and the Ark Captured 4:2-11 Eli's Death and the Birth of Ichabod 4:12-22 The Ark Brings Judgment in Philistine Cities 5:1-12 The Ark Returned to Israel 6:1-7:1 Samuel Judges Israel and Delivers Them at Mizpah 7:2-17 Israel Demands a King 8:1-22 Saul Chosen and Given Signs 9:1-10:8 Saul Proclaimed King by Lot 10:9-27 Saul's Victory at Jabesh-Gilead 11:1-11 Saul Confirmed as King at Gilgal 11:12-15 Samuel's Farewell and Exhortation to Israel 12:1-25 Saul's Unauthorized Sacrifice and Rebuke 13:1-15 Philistine Pressure and Israel's Lack of Arms 13:16-22 Jonathan's Bold Assault and Victory 13:23-14:14 Saul's Rash Oath and Its Consequences 14:15-23 Saul's Pursuit and Jonathan's Exploits 14:24-48 Saul's Family and Mighty Men 14:49-52 Saul's Disobedience and Rejection as King 15:1-35 David Anointed by Samuel 16:1-13 David Serves Saul and Eases His Torment 16:14-23 David and Goliath 17:1-58 David's Rise and Saul's Jealousy 18:1-30 Saul's Attempts on David's Life and Jonathan's Intervention 19:1-24 David and Jonathan's Covenant 20:1-42 David at Nob: Bread and Goliath's Sword 21:1-9 David Feigns Madness at Gath 21:10-15 David Gathers Followers and Seeks Priestly Aid 22:1-5 Massacre at Nob and Abiathar Joins David 22:6-23 David Delivers Keilah and Inquires of God 23:1-6 Saul's Pursuit, Ziphite Betrayal, and David's Escape 23:7-29 David Spares Saul in a Cave 24:1-22 Nabal's Folly and Abigail's Intervention 25:1-44 David Again Spares Saul in His Camp 26:1-25 David Seeks Refuge with Achish 27:1-12 Saul and the Witch of Endor 28:1-25 The Philistines Reject David 29:1-11 David Recovers His Family and Defeats the Amalekites 30:1-31 The Death of Saul and His Sons 31:1-13

2 Samuel

An Amalekite Reports Saul and Jonathan's Death 1:1-16 David's Lament for Saul and Jonathan 1:17-27 David Anointed King of Judah at Hebron 2:1-7 Ish‑Bosheth Made King; Civil War with David Begins 2:8-3:5 Abner Seeks Alliance with David 3:6-21 Joab Murders Abner; David's Protest and Mourning 3:22-39 Ish‑Bosheth Assassinated 4:1-12 David Anointed King over All Israel 5:1-5 David Captures Jerusalem and Establishes His House 5:6-16 David's Victories over the Philistines 5:17-25 Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem; Uzzah's Death and David's Joy 6:1-23 God's Covenant with David 7:1-17 David's Prayer of Thanksgiving for God's Promise 7:18-29 David's Military Victories 8:1-14 David's Officials and Mighty Men 8:15-18 David Shows Kindness to Mephibosheth 9:1-13 War with the Ammonites and Syrians 10:1-19 David and Bathsheba; the Death of Uriah 11:1-27 Nathan Rebukes David; Judgment and Aftermath 12:1-31 Amnon's Crime against Tamar 13:1-22 Absalom Kills Amnon and Flees 13:23-39 Joab Secures Absalom's Return and Reconciliation 14:1-33 Absalom's Conspiracy and Rise to Power 15:1-12 David Flees Jerusalem; Loyal Followers Accompany Him 15:13-37 Ziba Brings Provisions to David 16:1-4 Shimei Curses David as He Flees 16:5-14 Counsel in Absalom's Court; Ahithophel's Plan and Hushai's Counterplot 16:15-17:29 Battle in the Forest of Ephraim and Absalom's Death 18:1-18 Reports of Victory and David's Grief for Absalom 18:19-19:8 David's Return to Jerusalem; Reconciliation and Disputes 19:9-43 Sheba's Revolt and Its Suppression 20:1-26 Famine and the Gibeonites' Demand; Saul's Descendants Executed 21:1-14 David's Battles with the Philistines and the Valor of His Men 21:15-22 David's Song of Deliverance 22:1-51 David's Final Oracle 23:1-7 The Deeds of David's Mighty Warriors 23:8-39 David's Census and the Resulting Plague 24:1-17 David Purchases the Threshing Floor; Sacrifice and End of Plague 24:18-25

1 Kings

Adonijah Attempts to Seize the Throne 1:1-27 Solomon Anointed King 1:28-53 David's Charge to Solomon and Death 2:1-12 Solomon Consolidates His Power 2:13-46 Solomon's Request for Wisdom 3:1-15 Solomon's Wise Judgment 3:16-28 Solomon's Officials and Administrative Order 4:1-19 The Wealth and Prosperity of Israel 4:20-28 Solomon's Wisdom and Fame 4:29-34 Alliances and Preparations for the Temple 5:1-18 Solomon Builds the Temple 6:1-38 Solomon's Palace and Structural Works 7:1-12 Temple Furnishings and the Work of Hiram 7:13-51 The Ark Brought into the Temple 8:1-21 Solomon's Prayer of Dedication 8:22-61 The Dedication Celebrated with Sacrifice 8:62-66 God's Promise and Warning to Solomon 9:1-9 Solomon's Building Projects and Trade 9:10-28 The Queen of Sheba Visits Solomon 10:1-13 The Wealth and Splendor of Solomon's Reign 10:14-29 Solomon's Foreign Wives and Apostasy 11:1-13 Adversaries Raised Against Solomon 11:14-25 Jeroboam's Call and the Promise of Division 11:26-40 Summary of Solomon's Reign and Death 11:41-43 Rehoboam's Folly and the Kingdom Divides 12:1-24 Jeroboam Establishes Golden Calves 12:25-33 Prophetic Rebuke at Bethel and Deception 13:1-34 Ahijah's Prophecy Against Jeroboam 14:1-20 Rehoboam's Unfaithfulness and Shishak's Invasion 14:21-31 Abijam's Short Reign in Judah 15:1-8 Asa's Reforms and Early Reign 15:9-24 Nadab's Reign and Baasha's Conspiracy 15:25-32 Baasha's Reign and Jehu's Prophecy 15:33-16:7 Elah Assassinated and Zimri's Usurpation 16:8-14 Zimri's Suicide and Omri's Rise to Power 16:15-20 Omri Establishes Samaria as Capital 16:21-28 Ahab and Jezebel Introduce Baal Worship 16:29-34 Elijah Announces the Drought and Is Fed by Ravens 17:1-6 Elijah in Zarephath: Provision and Resurrection 17:7-24 Elijah Confronts Ahab and Prepares for Confrontation 18:1-15 Elijah on Mount Carmel and the Fall of Baal's Prophets 18:16-46 Elijah Flees to Horeb and Is Renewed 19:1-9 God's Response to Elijah and New Commissions 19:10-18 The Call of Elisha 19:19-21 Ben‑hadad Besieges Samaria; Israel's Defiant Response 20:1-12 Israel's Victories Over Aram and Ahab's Mercy 20:13-34 A Prophet Enacts Judgment on the King 20:35-43 Naboth's Vineyard: Ahab and Jezebel's Crime and Punishment 21:1-29 Ahab and Jehoshaphat Seek Counsel; Micaiah's True Prophecy 22:1-28 Ahab Dies at Ramoth‑Gilead 22:29-40 Jehoshaphat's Reign in Judah 22:41-50 Ahaziah Succeeds Ahab and Does Evil 22:51-53

2 Kings

Ahaziah Seeks Counsel and Elijah’s Judgment 1:1-18 Elijah Taken Up; Elisha Succeeds 2:1-18 Elisha Purifies Jericho’s Water 2:19-22 Mockers of Elisha Mauled by Bears 2:23-25 Alliance Against Moab and Elisha’s Miracle 3:1-27 The Widow’s Oil Multiplied 4:1-7 Elisha Restores the Shunammite’s Son 4:8-37 Poisoned Stew Made Safe 4:38-41 Elisha Feeds a Hundred Men 4:42-44 Naaman Healed of Leprosy and Gehazi’s Greed 5:1-27 The Floating Axe Head 6:1-7 Elisha Foils the Aramean Raid 6:8-23 Famine Besieges Samaria 6:24-7:2 Arameans Flee; Samaria’s Deliverance 7:3-20 The Shunammite Restored to Her Land 8:1-6 Elisha Foretells Hazael’s Rise 8:7-15 Jehoram’s Reign in Israel 8:16-24 Ahaziah of Judah Ascends the Throne 8:25-29 Anointing of Jehu as King 9:1-13 Jehu Slays Joram and the House of Ahab 9:14-29 The Death of Jezebel 9:30-37 Jehu Executes Ahab’s Kin at Jezreel 10:1-17 Jehu Destroys Baal Worship 10:18-36 Joash Crowned; Athaliah Overthrown 11:1-21 Joash Repairs the Temple 12:1-21 Jehoahaz of Israel and Aramean Oppression 13:1-9 Jehoash of Israel and Elisha’s Final Acts 13:10-25 Amaziah of Judah: Victory and Pride 14:1-22 Jeroboam II Restores Israel’s Borders 14:23-29 Azariah (Uzziah) King of Judah 15:1-7 Zechariah’s Short Reign and Assassination 15:8-12 Shallum’s Brief Usurpation and Murder 15:13-16 Menahem’s Reign and Tribute to Assyria 15:17-22 Pekahiah Murdered; Pekah’s Conspiracy 15:23-26 Pekah Rules and Wars with Judah 15:27-31 Jotham King of Judah 15:32-38 Ahaz’s Reign and Submission to Assyria 16:1-20 Fall of Samaria and Israel’s Exile 17:1-6 Reasons for Israel’s Exile 17:7-23 Resettling Samaria and Syncretistic Worship 17:24-41 Hezekiah’s Reforms and Fortifications 18:1-16 Rabshakeh’s Taunts before Jerusalem 18:17-37 Hezekiah’s Plea and Isaiah’s Prophecy 19:1-13 Hezekiah’s Prayer of Surrender 19:14-19 The LORD Delivers Jerusalem from Sennacherib 19:20-37 Hezekiah’s Illness, Recovery, and the Sign 20:1-11 Hezekiah’s Pride and a Warning about Babylon 20:12-21 Manasseh’s Long, Wicked Reign 21:1-18 Amon’s Short Reign and Assassination 21:19-26 Josiah Finds the Book of the Law and Reforms 22:1-20 Josiah’s Covenant Renewal and Passover 23:1-30 Jehoahaz Deposed; Jehoiakim Installed by Egypt 23:31-35 Jehoiakim’s Reign and Babylonian Pressure 23:36-24:7 Jehoiachin’s Brief Reign and First Exile 24:8-17 Zedekiah Appointed as Babylon’s Vassal 24:18-19 Siege and Fall of Jerusalem; Destruction and Exile 24:20-25:26 Jehoiachin Released from Babylonian Prison 25:27-30

1 Chronicles

Genealogies from Adam to Abraham 1:1-27 The Descendants of Abraham 1:28-34 The Edomite Genealogies (Esau and Seir) 1:35-54 The Sons of Israel 2:1-2 The Genealogy and Families of Judah 2:3-55 David’s Descendants and the Royal Line 3:1-24 Judahite Families and Notable Descendants 4:1-23 The Families and Settlements of Simeon 4:24-43 Transjordanian Tribes and Their Chiefs 5:1-10 Wars and Settlements East of the Jordan 5:11-22 Loss of Territory and Exile East of the Jordan 5:23-26 The Levites: Genealogy and Temple Service 6:1-81 The Tribe of Issachar 7:1-5 A Register of Benjamin’s Households 7:6-12 A Brief Genealogical Note 7:13 The Tribe of Naphtali 7:14-19 The Tribe of Manasseh 7:20-29 The Tribe of Ephraim 7:30-40 The Genealogy of Benjamin (including Saul’s Line) 8:1-9:1 Resettlement of Jerusalem: Residents and Officials 9:2-34 Gatekeepers and Temple Servants in Jerusalem 9:35-44 The Death of Saul and the End of His House 10:1-14 David Anointed King over Israel 11:1-3 David Captures Jerusalem (Zion) 11:4-9 David’s Mighty Men and Warriors 11:10-47 Those Who Came to David at Hebron (Judah’s Support) 12:1-22 Israel’s Warriors Join David at Hebron 12:23-40 Bringing the Ark: Preparations and Uzzah’s Death 13:1-14 David’s Household and Philistine Submission 14:1-7 David’s Victories over the Philistines 14:8-17 Preparations for Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem 15:1-16:6 David Institutes Worship and a Song of Praise 16:7-43 God’s Covenant with David (Nathan’s Oracle) 17:1-15 David’s Prayer of Thanksgiving for the Covenant 17:16-27 David’s Military Victories and Tribute 18:1-13 David’s Officials and the Spoils of War 18:14-17 War with the Ammonites and Their Allies 19:1-19 The Campaign against Rabbah (Ammon) 20:1-3 Defeat of the Philistines and Their Champions 20:4-8 David’s Census, Plague, and Purchase of the Temple Site 21:1-22:1 David’s Preparations and Instructions for Solomon 22:2-19 David Organizes the Levites 23:1-6 Levitical Families and Their Heads 23:7-11 Age Regulations and Duties of the Levites 23:12-20 Assignments of Levites: Singers, Gatekeepers, Treasurers 23:21-32 Divisions of the Priests into Twenty‑Four Courses 24:1-19 Priestly Families and Their Cities 24:20-31 The Levitical Musicians and Their Organization 25:1-31 Gatekeepers and Their Lineages 26:1-19 Officials Responsible for Treasuries and Records 26:20-32 Military Divisions and Their Commanders 27:1-15 David’s Civil Officials and Overseers 27:16-24 Heads of the King’s Household and Provisions 27:25-34 David’s Charge to Solomon and the Temple Plan 28:1-21 The Nation’s Offerings for the Temple 29:1-9 David’s Prayer of Praise and Blessing for Solomon 29:10-20 David’s Final Acts and Organization of the Kingdom 29:21-25 The Death of David and Solomon’s Accession 29:26-30

2 Chronicles

Solomon's Sacrifice at Gibeon and Prayer for Wisdom 1:1-17 Solomon Secures Materials and Craftsmen for the Temple 2:1-18 The Temple: Foundation and Structure 3:1-17 Temple Furnishings and Completion of the Work 4:1-5:1 The Ark Installed and Solomon's Dedication Prayer 5:2-6:11 Solomon's Prayer of Dedication and God's Assurance 6:12-42 The Lord Fills the Temple and the Dedication Festival 7:1-10 God Appears to Solomon and Gives a Conditional Promise 7:11-22 Solomon's Other Buildings and Relations with Hiram 8:1-18 The Queen of Sheba Visits Solomon 9:1-12 Solomon's Wealth, Trade, and Administration 9:13-28 Summary of Solomon's Reign and Death 9:29-31 Rehoboam's Folly and the Division of the Kingdom 10:1-11:4 Rehoboam Fortifies Judah and Consolidates Support 11:5-17 Rehoboam's Descendants and Death 11:18-23 Shishak's Invasion and Judah's Loss 12:1-16 Abijah's Victory over Israel and His Death 13:1-14:1 Asa's Reforms and Victory over Ethiopia 14:2-15 Asa Strengthened by Prophecy and Covenant Renewal 15:1-19 Asa's Alliance with Aram and Reproof by Hanani 16:1-14 Jehoshaphat Strengthens Judah and Reforms Justice 17:1-19 Jehoshaphat's Alliance with Ahab and the Battle at Ramoth-gilead 18:1-27 Jehu Rebukes Jehoshaphat for the Alliance with Ahab 18:28-19:3 Judicial Reforms: Judges Appointed to Administer Justice 19:4-11 Jehoshaphat's Deliverance through Prayer and Praise 20:1-30 End of Jehoshaphat's Reign and Jehoram's Accession 20:31-21:3 Jehoram's Wicked Reign, Revolts, and Judgment 21:4-20 Ahaziah Succeeds His Father and Is Wounded 22:1-9 Athaliah's Usurpation Overthrown and Joash Crowned 22:10-23:21 Joash's Temple Restoration under Jehoiada 24:1-16 Joash's Apostasy, Punishment, and Assassination 24:17-27 Amaziah's Reign: Victory, Pride, and Defeat by Israel 25:1-28 Uzziah's Prosperity and Pride; Leprosy for Presumption 26:1-23 Jotham's Reign: Fortifications and Prosperity 27:1-9 Ahaz's Idolatry, Defeats, and Assyrian Subjugation 28:1-27 Hezekiah's Temple Restoration and Religious Reforms 29:1-36 Hezekiah's Passover and National Repentance 30:1-31:1 Hezekiah's Religious Administration and Temple Support 31:2-21 Hezekiah's Defense Against Sennacherib and Divine Deliverance 32:1-23 Hezekiah's Illness, Pride, and the Babylonian Envoys 32:24-33 Manasseh's Idolatry, Captivity, Repentance, and Restoration 33:1-20 Amon's Wicked Reign and Assassination 33:21-25 Josiah's Early Reforms and Temple Repair 34:1-13 The Book of the Law Found, Huldah's Prophecy, and Josiah's Covenant 34:14-33 Josiah's Observance of the Passover 35:1-19 Josiah Killed at Megiddo and National Mourning 35:20-36:1 Jehoahaz Reigns Briefly and Is Deposed by Pharaoh 36:2-4 Jehoiakim's Reign and Disobedience 36:5-8 Jehoiachin's Short Reign and Exile to Babylon 36:9-10 Zedekiah's Reign and Rejection of Prophetic Warnings 36:11-14 Judgment, Exile, and the Decree of Cyrus 36:15-23

Psalm

Psalms 1–2 1:1-2:12 Psalms 3–8 3:1-8 Psalms 4–8 4:1-8 Psalms 5–12 5:1-12 Psalms 6–10 6:1-10 Psalms 7–17 7:1-17 Psalms 8–9 8:1-9 Psalms 9–10 9:1-10:18 Psalms 11–7 11:1-7 Psalms 12–8 12:1-8 Psalms 13–6 13:1-6 Psalms 14–7 14:1-7 Psalms 15–5 15:1-5 Psalms 16–11 16:1-11 Psalms 17–15 17:1-15 Psalms 18–50 18:1-50 Psalms 19–14 19:1-14 Psalms 20–9 20:1-9 Psalms 21–13 21:1-13 Psalms 22–31 22:1-31 Psalms 23–6 23:1-6 Psalms 24–10 24:1-10 Psalms 25–22 25:1-22 Psalms 26–12 26:1-12 Psalms 27–14 27:1-14 Psalms 28–9 28:1-9 Psalms 29–11 29:1-11 Psalms 30–12 30:1-12 Psalms 31–24 31:1-24 Psalms 32–33 32:1-33:22 Psalms 34–22 34:1-22 Psalms 35–28 35:1-28 Psalms 36–12 36:1-12 Psalms 37–40 37:1-40 Psalms 38–22 38:1-22 Psalms 39–13 39:1-13 Psalms 40–17 40:1-17 Psalms 41–13 41:1-13 Psalms 42–43 42:1-43:5 Psalms 44–26 44:1-26 Psalms 45–17 45:1-17 Psalms 46–11 46:1-11 Psalms 47–9 47:1-9 Psalms 48–14 48:1-14 Psalms 49–20 49:1-20 Psalms 50–23 50:1-23 Psalms 51–19 51:1-19 Psalms 52–9 52:1-9 Psalms 53–6 53:1-6 Psalms 54–7 54:1-7 Psalms 55–23 55:1-23 Psalms 56–13 56:1-13 Psalms 57–11 57:1-11 Psalms 58–11 58:1-11 Psalms 59–17 59:1-17 Psalms 60–12 60:1-12 Psalms 61–8 61:1-8 Psalms 62–12 62:1-12 Psalms 63–11 63:1-11 Psalms 64–10 64:1-10 Psalms 65–13 65:1-13 Psalms 66–20 66:1-20 Psalms 67–7 67:1-7 Psalms 68–35 68:1-35 Psalms 69–36 69:1-36 Psalms 70–71 70:1-71:24 Psalms 72–20 72:1-20 Psalms 73–28 73:1-28 Psalms 74–23 74:1-23 Psalms 75–10 75:1-10 Psalms 76–12 76:1-12 Psalms 77–20 77:1-20 Psalms 78–72 78:1-72 Psalms 79–13 79:1-13 Psalms 80–19 80:1-19 Psalms 81–16 81:1-16 Psalms 82–8 82:1-8 Psalms 83–18 83:1-18 Psalms 84–12 84:1-12 Psalms 85–13 85:1-13 Psalms 86–17 86:1-17 Psalms 87–7 87:1-7 Psalms 88–18 88:1-18 Psalms 89–52 89:1-52 Psalms 90–91 90:1-91:16 Psalms 92–97 92:1-97:12 Psalms 98–99 98:1-99:9 Psalms 100–5 100:1-5 Psalms 101–8 101:1-8 Psalms 102–28 102:1-28 Psalms 103–106 103:1-106:48 Psalms 107–43 107:1-43 Psalms 108–13 108:1-13 Psalms 109–31 109:1-31 Psalms 110–118 110:1-118:29 Psalms 119–8 119:1-8 Psalms 119–16 119:9-16 Psalms 119–24 119:17-24 Psalms 119–32 119:25-32 Psalms 119–40 119:33-40 Psalms 119–48 119:41-48 Psalms 119–56 119:49-56 Psalms 119–64 119:57-64 Psalms 119–72 119:65-72 Psalms 119–80 119:73-80 Psalms 119–88 119:81-88 Psalms 119–176 119:89-176 Psalms 119–104 119:96-104 Psalms 119–112 119:105-112 Psalms 119–120 119:113-120 Psalms 119–128 119:121-128 Psalms 119–136 119:129-136 Psalms 119–144 119:137-144 Psalms 119–152 119:145-152 Psalms 119–160 119:153-160 Psalms 119–168 119:161-168 Psalms 119–176 119:169-176 Psalms 120–7 120:1-7 Psalms 121–8 121:1-8 Psalms 122–9 122:1-9 Psalms 123–4 123:1-4 Psalms 124–8 124:1-8 Psalms 125–5 125:1-5 Psalms 126–6 126:1-6 Psalms 127–5 127:1-5 Psalms 128–6 128:1-6 Psalms 129–8 129:1-8 Psalms 130–8 130:1-8 Psalms 131–3 131:1-3 Psalms 132–18 132:1-18 Psalms 133–3 133:1-3 Psalms 134–137 134:1-137:9 Psalms 138–8 138:1-8 Psalms 139–24 139:1-24 Psalms 140–13 140:1-13 Psalms 141–10 141:1-10 Psalms 142–7 142:1-7 Psalms 143–12 143:1-12 Psalms 144–15 144:1-15 Psalms 145–150 145:1-150:6

Proverbs

Introduction: The Purpose of Proverbs and the Fear of the Lord 1:1-7 Warning Against Enticement by Sinners 1:8-19 Wisdom's Public Call and the Folly of Rejection 1:20-33 The Value of Wisdom and Its Protection 2:1-22 Trusting God and Walking in Wisdom 3:1-35 A Father's Exhortation to Hold Fast to Wisdom 4:1-27 Warning Against Adultery and a Call to Fidelity 5:1-23 Warnings: Surety, Laziness, and Wickedness 6:1-19 Obey Parental Commands and the Dangers of Adultery 6:20-35 The Example of a Young Man Seduced 7:1-27 Wisdom's Proclamation and Blessings 8:1-36 Contrasting Invitations of Wisdom and Folly 9:1-18 Solomon's Proverbs: Contrasts of Righteousness and Folly 10:1-32 Proverbs on Justice, Integrity, and Righteous Living 11:1-31 Wise Conduct, Diligence, and Righteous Speech 12:1-28 Discipline, Wealth, and the Wise Child 13:1-25 Sayings on Wisdom, Folly, and the Fear of the Lord 14:1-35 The Power of Speech and the Benefits of Wisdom 15:1-33 God's Sovereignty Over Human Plans 16:1-33 Relations and Righteousness: Peace, Speech, and Integrity 17:1-28 The Power of Words and the Nature of Companionship 18:1-24 Advice on Wealth, Conduct, and Discipline 19:1-29 Counsel, Justice, and Warnings Against Excess 20:1-30 Divine Sovereignty, Justice, and the King's Role 21:1-31 Reputation, Generosity, and Child Discipline 22:1-16 Sayings of the Wise: Practical Moral Instruction 22:17-24:34 Solomon's Proverbs on Restraint and Leadership 25:1-28 Folly and Foolish Behavior in Speech and Deeds 26:1-28 Friendship, Counsel, and Practical Wisdom for Life 27:1-27 Justice, Righteousness, and the Results of Rebellion 28:1-28 Discipline, Leadership, and Social Order 29:1-27 The Sayings of Agur: Humility and Observations 30:1-33 Advice to King Lemuel and the Virtuous Woman 31:1-31

Isaiah

Judah's Rebellion and Call to Repentance 1:1-31 The Mountain of the Lord and the Nations' Hope 2:1-6 Judgment on Arrogance and Idolatry 2:7-22 Judgment on Jerusalem's Leaders and Social Order 3:1-4:1 The Branch and the Renewal of Zion 4:2-6 The Song of the Vineyard: Israel's Failure 5:1-7 Woes to Israel and Coming Judgment 5:8-30 Isaiah's Vision and Commission 6:1-13 Ahaz, the Immanuel Sign, and Invasion 7:1-25 The Sign of Plunder and a Call to Courage 8:1-10 Trust the Lord, Not Alliances or Diviners 8:11-22 A Child Is Born: Promise of Peace 9:1-7 Israel's Arrogance and Coming Punishment 9:8-10:4 Assyria: Instrument of Judgment and Its Doom 10:5-19 The Remnant and the Fall of Assyria 10:20-34 The Righteous Branch and the Peaceable Kingdom 11:1-16 A Song of Praise for God's Salvation 12:1-6 Babylon's Doom and the Day of the Lord 13:1-14:23 God's Decree: Assyria Overthrown 14:24-27 Oracle Concerning Philistia and Promise to Zion 14:28-32 Lament for Moab 15:1-16:14 Judgment on Damascus and Northern Israel 17:1-14 A Message to Cush (Ethiopia) 18:1-7 Judgment on Egypt and Future Salvation 19:1-25 Isaiah's Sign against Egypt and Cush 20:1-6 Prophecy of Babylon's Fall (The Watchman's Report) 21:1-10 Oracle concerning Dumah: The Night Watchman's Lament 21:11-12 Oracle Against Arabia (Dedan and Kedar) 21:13-17 The Valley of Vision: Jerusalem's Fall and Leadership Change 22:1-25 Tyre's Fall and Future Restoration 23:1-18 The Lord's Universal Judgment and Final Reign 24:1-23 Praise for God's Triumph and Deliverance 25:1-12 Trust in God and Hope for Deliverance 26:1-21 The Slaying of Leviathan and Israel's Restoration 27:1-13 Woe to Ephraim and Judah: Drunkenness and Judgment 28:1-29 Woe to Ariel (Jerusalem) and Promise of Enlightenment 29:1-24 Rebuke for Seeking Egypt's Help; Call to Trust the Lord 30:1-33 Egypt Is No Help; The Lord Will Save Jerusalem 31:1-9 A Righteous King and Just Leadership 32:1-8 Call to Repentance and Promise of Renewal 32:9-20 A Plea for Deliverance and the Lord's Judgment 33:1-24 The Lord's Vengeance on the Nations (Edom) 34:1-17 The Glorious Restoration of the Redeemed 35:1-10 Sennacherib's Siege and Rabshakeh's Taunt 36:1-22 Hezekiah Seeks Isaiah; Rabshakeh's Threat 37:1-13 Hezekiah's Prayer and Isaiah's Assurance 37:14-20 God Delivers Jerusalem and Sennacherib's Defeat 37:21-38 Hezekiah's Illness, Prayer, and Recovery 38:1-22 Babylonian Envoys and the Announcement of Exile 39:1-8 Comfort for Zion and the Majesty of God 40:1-31 God Defends Israel Against the Nations and Idols 41:1-29 The Servant of the Lord: Covenant and Mission 42:1-9 A Call to Praise and God's Guidance for the Blind 42:10-17 Israel's Unfaithfulness and Resulting Judgment 42:18-25 Israel Redeemed: God's Sovereign Deliverer 43:1-13 The Lord Proclaims Redemption and Rebukes Israel 43:14-28 Israel Chosen and Blessed by the Spirit 44:1-5 The Folly of Idols and God's Uniqueness 44:6-23 God the Creator and the Call of Cyrus for Israel's Restoration 44:24-45:25 The God Who Carries and Redeems: Yahweh's Sovereignty over Idols 46:1-13 The Humbling of Babylon the Mistress 47:1-15 Israel's Stubbornness and God's Resolute Purpose 48:1-11 God's Sovereign 'I Am' and Call to Return 48:12-22 The Servant's Commission to Restore Israel and the Nations 49:1-8 Restoration and Promise to Gather Israel 49:9-26 The Servant's Suffering and Israel's Rejection 50:1-11 Comfort for Zion: Remember Abraham; God's Salvation 51:1-16 Awakening of Zion and Proclamation of Salvation 51:17-52:12 The Suffering Servant and Atonement 52:13-53:12 The Exalted Zion: Promise of Restoration and Protection 54:1-17 Invitation to Life and the Power of God's Word 55:1-13 Justice, Inclusion, and Sabbath Observance 56:1-8 Condemnation of Idolatry and Complacency 56:9-57:13 Restoration for the Humble and Promise of Peace 57:14-21 True Fasting: Justice, Mercy, and Sabbath Blessing 58:1-14 Sin's Consequences and God's Redeeming Intervention 59:1-21 The Glory and Gathering of Zion 60:1-22 The Year of the Lord's Favor and Joyful Restoration 61:1-11 Zion's Vindication and New Name 62:1-12 The Lord's Vengeance: Treading the Winepress 63:1-6 Remembering God's Mercy and Plea for Restoration 63:7-64:12 God's Grace to the Faithful and Judgment on the Rebellious 65:1-16 A New Creation: Joy and Peace 65:17-25 The Lord's Final Judgment and the New Creation 66:1-24

Jeremiah

The Call and Commission of Jeremiah 1:1-19 Israel's Unfaithfulness and Call to Repentance 2:1-3:5 Judah's Spiritual Adultery and Call to Return 3:6-4:4 The Coming Calamity on the Land 4:5-31 An Accusation against Jerusalem's Corruption 5:1-31 The Siege and Devastation of Jerusalem 6:1-30 The Temple Sermon: False Security Condemned 7:1-29 Violence and Corruption in the Land 7:30-8:3 Persistent Idolatry and Coming Punishment 8:4-9:26 The Folly of Idols 10:1-16 Judah's Flight and Jeremiah's Lament 10:17-22 A Prayer for Direction and Deliverance 10:23-25 The Broken Covenant and a Public Warning 11:1-17 Conspiracy against Jeremiah and God's Vindication 11:18-23 Jeremiah's Complaint to God 12:1-4 A Call to Endure and Judgment on Nations 12:5-17 The Linen Belt: Symbol of Judah's Humiliation 13:1-11 A Sign of Shame and Pronounced Judgment 13:12-14 A Lament of Shame and Imminent Disaster 13:15-27 Famine, False Prophets, and Divine Judgment 14:1-15:21 Symbolic Acts and the People's Sinfulness 16:1-17:18 Warning about Sabbath Violations 17:19-27 The Potter and the Broken Jar: Judgment on Jerusalem 18:1-19:15 Persecution by Pashhur the Priest 20:1-6 Jeremiah's Lament and Resolve 20:7-18 A Message to the Royal House: Doom for Jerusalem 21:1-14 Judgment on the Kings and Royal House 22:1-30 False Shepherds Condemned and a Righteous Branch Promised 23:1-8 Condemnation of False Prophets 23:9-32 The Lord Rebukes False Oracles 23:33-40 The Two Figs: Exile and Remnant 24:1-10 Seventy Years of Babylonian Dominion 25:1-14 The Cup of God's Wrath on the Nations 25:15-38 Jeremiah's Temple Address, Arrest, and Vindication 26:1-24 The Yoke of Babylon and Call to Submit 27:1-22 Hananiah's False Prophecy and Its Rebuke 28:1-17 Letter to the Exiles: Seek the Welfare of Babylon 29:1-23 Shemaiah's Letter and Its Condemnation 29:24-32 The Book of Comfort: Restoration and the New Covenant 30:1-31:40 Jeremiah Buys a Field: Faith and Hope in Captivity 32:1-44 Promise of Restoration and the Davidic Covenant 33:1-26 Zedekiah's Appeal and Jeremiah's Warning 34:1-7 Breach of Covenant and Punishment for Oppression 34:8-22 The Rechabites' Fidelity as a Rebuke to Judah 35:1-19 Baruch Writes Jeremiah's Words and the Scroll Is Burned 36:1-32 Jeremiah Imprisoned during the Siege of Jerusalem 37:1-21 Jeremiah Cast into a Cistern 38:1-13 Ebed‑Melech Rescues Jeremiah; Zedekiah's Failure 38:14-28 The Fall of Jerusalem and Jeremiah's Release 39:1-18 Gedaliah Appointed Governor and Jeremiah's Choice 40:1-6 Assassination of Gedaliah and the Terror in Judah 40:7-41:15 Rejection of Jeremiah's Counsel and Flight to Egypt 41:16-43:13 The Jews in Egypt: Idolatry and Condemnation 44:1-30 A Word to Baruch: Encouragement and Warning 45:1-5 Oracles against Egypt 46:1-28 Judgment on the Philistines 47:1-7 Judgment on Moab 48:1-47 Judgment on Ammon 49:1-6 Judgment on Edom 49:7-22 Judgment on Damascus and Aram 49:23-27 Destruction of Kedar and the Nomads 49:28-33 Judgment on Elam and Future Restoration 49:34-39 Judgment on Babylon and Its Final Fall 50:1-51:64 The Fall of Jerusalem and Zedekiah's Fate 52:1-30 Jehoiachin's Release from Babylonian Captivity 52:31-34

Ezekiel

The Vision of God's Glory and the Living Creatures 1:1-28 Ezekiel's Commission and the Eating of the Scroll 2:1-3:15 Ezekiel Appointed as Watchman and Made Speechless 3:16-27 Symbolic Acts of Siege and Judgment on Jerusalem 4:1-5:17 Judgment on Israel for Idolatry 6:1-14 The Day of the Lord: Impending Disaster 7:1-27 Visions of Temple Abominations 8:1-18 The Execution of Jerusalem's Wicked and the Marked Few 9:1-11 The Departure of God's Glory from the Temple 10:1-22 Condemnation of Jerusalem's Leaders 11:1-15 The Departure of God's Glory and Promise of Restoration 11:16-25 Signs of Exile and the Futility of False Hopes 12:1-28 Condemnation of False Prophets and Diviners 13:1-23 Elders' Idolatry and Its Consequences 14:1-11 Judgment on Nations and the Limits of Intercession 14:12-23 Jerusalem Portrayed as a Useless Vine 15:1-8 Jerusalem's Infidelity: Shame, Judgment, and Vindication 16:1-63 The Parable of the Two Eagles: Zedekiah's Folly 17:1-24 Individual Responsibility and the Call to Repentance 18:1-32 A Lament for Israel's Princes 19:1-14 Israel's History of Rebellion and Divine Judgment 20:1-29 Punishment for Profane Worship and Promise of Restoration 20:30-44 A Prophecy Against the Mountains of Israel 20:45-49 The Sword of the Lord: Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations 21:1-32 Jerusalem's Corruption and the Search for a Righteous Remnant 22:1-31 The Sisters' Harlotry: Samaria and Jerusalem Condemned 23:1-49 The Boiling Pot: Prophecy of Jerusalem's Siege 24:1-14 The Sign of Ezekiel's Wife's Death: Judgment and Changed Lament 24:15-27 Oracle Against Ammon 25:1-7 Oracles Against Moab and Seir 25:8-11 Judgment on the Philistines 25:12-14 Oracle Against Tyre 25:15-17 The Fall of Tyre Foretold 26:1-21 Lamentation for Tyre, the Merchant City 27:1-36 The Pride and Fall of Tyre's Ruler 28:1-19 Judgment on Sidon and Promise of Israel's Security 28:20-26 Egypt's Humiliation and Years of Desolation 29:1-21 The Day of the Lord Against Egypt and Its Allies 30:1-26 Egypt Compared to the Fallen Cedar: Pride and Doom 31:1-18 Lament for Egypt's Collapse and Descent into Sheol 32:1-32 The Watchman's Duty and Personal Responsibility 33:1-20 Report of Jerusalem's Fall and the People's Alarm 33:21-33 Condemnation of Bad Shepherds and Promise of a Good Shepherd 34:1-31 Judgment on Edom for Rejoicing over Israel 35:1-15 Promise of Israel's Restoration and Spiritual Renewal 36:1-38 The Valley of Dry Bones: National Revival 37:1-14 The Two Sticks: Unity of Israel and the Davidic Covenant 37:15-28 The Invasion of Gog and Its Defeat 38:1-39:29 Vision of the Future Temple: Introduction and Commission 40:1-4 Measurements of the Outer Court and Gateways 40:5-16 Courtyard Entrances and Portico Dimensions 40:17-19 Inner Court Entrances and Chambers 40:20-23 Vestibules and Side Entrance Specifications 40:24-27 Details of Inner Chambers and Gate Structure 40:28-37 Porches, Chambers, and Steps of the Temple Court 40:38-43 Priests' Chambers and the Prince's Quarters 40:44-47 The Inner Sanctuary and Holy Place Measurements 40:48-41:26 Priestly Chambers and the Inner Court Layout 42:1-20 The Return of God's Glory to the Temple 43:1-12 Altar Design and Sacrificial Regulations 43:13-27 Temple Gates, Priestly Roles, and Exclusions 44:1-31 Land Allotments and the Prince's Portion 45:1-12 Worship Regulations: Offerings, Festivals, and the Prince 45:13-46:24 The Life-Giving River Flowing from the Temple 47:1-12 Division of the Land and Inheritance Boundaries 47:13-23 Tribal Allotments in the Restored Land 48:1-29 The City Gates and the Name: 'The Lord Is There' 48:30-35

Matthew

The Genealogy of Jesus 1:1-17 The Birth of Jesus Foretold to Joseph 1:18-25 The Visit of the Magi 2:1-12 Flight into Egypt and the Slaughter of the Innocents 2:13-18 Return to Nazareth 2:19-23 John the Baptist Prepares the Way 3:1-12 The Baptism of Jesus 3:13-17 The Temptation of Jesus 4:1-11 Jesus Begins His Galilean Ministry 4:12-17 Jesus Calls the First Disciples 4:18-22 Jesus Ministers Throughout Galilee 4:23-25 The Beatitudes 5:1-12 Salt and Light 5:13-16 Jesus and the Law 5:17-20 Teaching on Anger and Reconciliation 5:21-26 Teaching on Adultery and Lust 5:27-30 Teaching on Divorce 5:31-32 Teaching on Oaths and Honesty 5:33-37 Teaching on Retaliation and Generosity 5:38-42 Love Your Enemies 5:43-48 Giving to the Needy in Secret 6:1-4 Prayer and the Lord's Prayer 6:5-15 Teaching on Fasting 6:16-18 Treasures and Serving God 6:19-24 Do Not Worry 6:25-34 Do Not Judge 7:1-6 Ask, Seek, Knock and the Golden Rule 7:7-12 The Narrow and Wide Gates 7:13-14 Recognizing False Prophets 7:15-23 Parable of the Wise and Foolish Builders 7:24-29 Jesus Cleanses a Leper 8:1-4 The Faith of the Centurion 8:5-13 Jesus Heals Many and Fulfills Prophecy 8:14-17 The Cost of Discipleship 8:18-22 Jesus Calms the Storm 8:23-27 Healing of Two Demon-Possessed Men 8:28-34 Jesus Heals a Paralytic 9:1-8 Jesus Calls Matthew and Eats with Sinners 9:9-13 Fasting and the New Cloth and Wineskins 9:14-17 A Daughter Restored and a Woman Healed 9:18-26 Two Blind Men Healed and a Mute Man Restored 9:27-34 Jesus' Compassion and the Call for Workers 9:35-38 The Mission of the Twelve 10:1-42 John's Inquiry and Jesus' Testimony about John 11:1-19 Woe to Unrepentant Cities 11:20-24 The Father's Revelation and Rest for the Weary 11:25-30 Sabbath Controversies: Grain and Healing 12:1-14 Jesus Heals and Fulfills Isaiah's Prophecy 12:15-21 Accusation, Blasphemy Against the Spirit, and the Heart's Fruit 12:22-37 The Sign of Jonah and the Unclean Spirit 12:38-45 Jesus Redefines Family 12:46-50 The Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 13:1-23 The Parable of the Weeds 13:24-30 The Mustard Seed and the Yeast 13:31-35 Explanation of the Weeds and End-Time Judgment 13:36-43 Treasure and Pearl: The Kingdom's Value 13:44-46 The Net and New and Old Treasures 13:47-52 Jesus Rejected at Nazareth 13:53-58 The Execution of John the Baptist 14:1-12 Feeding the Five Thousand 14:13-21 Jesus Walks on Water and Heals Many 14:22-36 Tradition, Purity, and the Canaanite Woman's Faith 15:1-28 Jesus Heals Many and Feeds the Four Thousand 15:29-39 Pharisees Demand a Sign 16:1-4 Warning About the Teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees 16:5-12 Peter's Confession: You Are the Christ 16:13-20 Jesus Foretells His Death and Discipleship 16:21-28 The Transfiguration 17:1-13 Healing a Demon-Possessed Boy and a Second Prediction of Death 17:14-23 Payment of the Temple Tax 17:24-27 Humility and Care for Little Ones 18:1-9 The Parable of the Lost Sheep 18:10-14 Church Discipline and Prayer 18:15-20 Forgiveness and the Unforgiving Servant 18:21-35 Marriage, Divorce, and Children 19:1-15 The Rich Young Ruler and the Cost of Discipleship 19:16-30 The Parable of the Laborers in the Vineyard 20:1-16 Jesus Predicts His Death and Resurrection 20:17-19 Request for Honor and Teaching on Servanthood 20:20-28 Two Blind Men Healed Near Jericho 20:29-34 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 21:1-11 Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Heals 21:12-17 The Withered Fig Tree and Teaching on Faith 21:18-22 Jesus' Authority Challenged 21:23-27 The Parable of the Two Sons 21:28-32 The Parable of the Wicked Tenants 21:33-46 The Parable of the Wedding Banquet 22:1-14 Question about Paying Taxes to Caesar 22:15-22 The Sadducees and the Resurrection 22:23-33 The Greatest Commandment 22:34-40 Jesus Questions the Pharisees about the Messiah 22:41-46 Seven Woes on the Scribes and Pharisees 23:1-39 The Olivet Discourse: Signs of the End and the Temple's Destruction 24:1-35 The Olivet Discourse: Watchfulness and Judgment 24:36-51 The Parable of the Ten Virgins 25:1-13 The Parable of the Talents 25:14-30 The Final Judgment: Sheep and Goats 25:31-46 The Plot to Arrest Jesus 26:1-5 The Anointing at Bethany 26:6-13 Judas Agrees to Betray Jesus 26:14-16 The Last Supper 26:17-30 Jesus Predicts Peter's Denial 26:31-35 Prayer in Gethsemane 26:36-46 The Arrest of Jesus 26:47-56 Jesus Before the Sanhedrin 26:57-68 Peter's Denial and Repentance 26:69-75 Judas' Remorse and Suicide 27:1-10 Jesus Sentenced by Pilate 27:11-26 Jesus Mocked and Scourged 27:27-31 The Crucifixion and Mockery 27:32-44 The Death of Jesus 27:45-56 Jesus Is Buried 27:57-61 The Tomb Secured by the Authorities 27:62-66 The Resurrection: Women at the Tomb 28:1-10 The Guards' Report and the Chief Priests' Lie 28:11-15 The Great Commission 28:16-20

Mark

John the Baptist Prepares the Way 1:1-8 The Baptism and Temptation of Jesus 1:9-13 Jesus Begins His Ministry and Calls the First Disciples 1:14-20 Jesus Teaches with Authority and Casts Out an Unclean Spirit 1:21-28 Healings and Demons Cleansed at Simon's Home 1:29-34 Jesus Prays and Proclaims the Kingdom in Galilee 1:35-39 Healing of a Man with Leprosy 1:40-45 Forgiveness and Healing of a Paralytic 2:1-12 Calling of Levi and Eating with Sinners 2:13-17 Questions about Fasting; New Cloth and Wineskins 2:18-22 Sabbath Controversies: Grain, Healing, and Plot Against Jesus 2:23-3:6 Great Crowds Follow; Unclean Spirits Acknowledge Jesus 3:7-12 Jesus Appoints the Twelve Apostles 3:13-19 Accusations of Beelzebul and the Parable of the Strong Man 3:20-30 Jesus Redefines True Family 3:31-35 Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 4:1-20 A Lamp, Measure, and the Principle of Growth 4:21-25 Parable of the Growing Seed 4:26-29 The Mustard Seed and the Kingdom's Growth 4:30-34 Jesus Calms the Storm 4:35-41 The Gerasene Demoniac Restored 5:1-20 A Woman Healed and Jairus' Daughter Raised 5:21-43 Jesus Rejected in His Hometown 6:1-6 Jesus Sends Out the Twelve 6:7-13 Herod, Herodias, and the Death of John the Baptist 6:14-29 Feeding of the Five Thousand 6:30-44 Jesus Walks on Water and Heals at Gennesaret 6:45-56 Tradition, Inner Purity, and What Truly Defiles 7:1-23 A Gentile Woman's Faith and the Healing at Tyre 7:24-30 Jesus Heals a Deaf Man Who Could Not Speak Clearly 7:31-37 Feeding the Four Thousand and the Pharisees' Demand for a Sign 8:1-13 Beware the Yeast of the Pharisees and Herod 8:14-21 Healing of a Blind Man at Bethsaida 8:22-26 Peter Confesses Jesus as the Christ 8:27-30 Jesus Predicts His Death and Calls Disciples to Take Up the Cross 8:31-9:1 The Transfiguration and the Return of Elijah 9:2-13 Healing of a Boy with an Unclean Spirit; Jesus Predicts His Passion Again 9:14-32 Who Is the Greatest? A Child as the Model of Service 9:33-37 Tolerance for Those Who Serve in Jesus' Name 9:38-41 Warnings about Causing Sin; Exhortations on Salt and Holiness 9:42-50 Jesus' Teaching on Divorce 10:1-12 Jesus Blesses Little Children 10:13-16 The Rich Young Man and the Cost of Discipleship 10:17-31 Jesus Again Predicts His Suffering, Death, and Resurrection 10:32-34 Ambition and Servanthood: The Way of True Greatness 10:35-45 Jesus Heals Blind Bartimaeus 10:46-52 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 11:1-11 Withered Fig Tree and the Cleansing of the Temple 11:12-19 Faith, Prayer, and the Call to Forgiveness 11:20-26 Religious Leaders Question Jesus' Authority 11:27-33 The Parable of the Wicked Tenants 12:1-12 Render to Caesar: Taxes and Allegiance 12:13-17 Sadducees Challenge Resurrection; Jesus Teaches Eternal Life 12:18-27 The Greatest Commandment: Love God and Neighbor 12:28-34 Jesus Questions the Messiah and Warns Against Scribes 12:35-40 The Widow's Offering: True Generosity 12:41-44 The Olivet Discourse: Signs of Destruction and the End 13:1-31 No One Knows the Day: Be Watchful 13:32-37 Plot to Kill Jesus and the Anointing at Bethany 14:1-11 The Passover Meal and Institution of the Lord's Supper 14:12-26 Jesus Predicts the Disciples' Flight and Peter's Denial 14:27-31 Gethsemane: Jesus' Agony and Prayer 14:32-42 The Arrest of Jesus in Gethsemane 14:43-52 Jesus Before the Council 14:53-65 Peter's Denial and His Remorse 14:66-72 Jesus Before Pilate; Barabbas Released 15:1-15 The Soldiers Mock and Scourge Jesus 15:16-20 The Way of the Cross and the Crucifixion 15:21-32 Jesus' Death and the Centurion's Confession 15:33-41 The Burial of Jesus 15:42-47 The Resurrection: Women Find the Empty Tomb 16:1-8 Appearances of the Risen Lord and the Commission 16:9-20

Luke

Purpose and Order of the Gospel 1:1-4 Announcement of John the Baptist's Birth 1:5-25 The Annunciation to Mary 1:26-38 Mary Visits Elizabeth 1:39-45 Mary's Song (The Magnificat) 1:46-56 The Birth and Naming of John 1:57-66 Zechariah's Prophecy and John's Mission 1:67-80 The Birth of Jesus in Bethlehem 2:1-7 Angels Announce the Shepherds' Good News 2:8-20 Presentation in the Temple; Simeon and Anna 2:21-40 The Boy Jesus in the Temple 2:41-52 John the Baptist's Call to Repentance 3:1-20 The Baptism and Genealogy of Jesus 3:21-38 Jesus Tested in the Wilderness 4:1-13 Rejection at Nazareth 4:14-30 Authority over Unclean Spirits in Capernaum 4:31-37 Healings and Preaching in Galilee 4:38-44 The Call of the First Disciples 5:1-11 Healing a Man with Leprosy 5:12-16 A Paralytic Forgiven and Healed 5:17-26 The Calling of Levi and Eating with Sinners 5:27-32 Questions about Fasting; New Wine and Old Wineskins 5:33-39 Lord of the Sabbath and a Sabbath Healing 6:1-11 The Appointment of the Twelve Apostles 6:12-16 The Sermon on the Plain: Blessings and Woes 6:17-26 Love Your Enemies and Be Merciful 6:27-36 Judging Others and the Speck and Log 6:37-42 A Tree and Its Fruit: True Character Revealed 6:43-45 The Wise and Foolish Builders 6:46-49 The Faith of the Centurion 7:1-10 Raising the Widow's Son at Nain 7:11-17 John the Baptist's Inquiry and Jesus' Testimony 7:18-35 A Sinful Woman Forgiven 7:36-50 Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 8:1-15 Lighted Lamp and Hearing the Word 8:16-18 Jesus Redefines His Family 8:19-21 Jesus Calms the Storm 8:22-25 Healing the Gerasene Demoniac 8:26-39 Jairus' Daughter Raised and a Woman Healed 8:40-56 The Twelve Sent Out 9:1-9 Feeding the Five Thousand 9:10-17 Peter's Confession and the Way of the Cross 9:18-27 The Transfiguration 9:28-36 Healing a Demon-Possessed Boy; A Second Passion Prediction 9:37-45 Who Is Greatest and a Servant's Ministry 9:46-50 Jesus Resolves for Jerusalem; Samaritan Rejection 9:51-56 The Cost of Discipleship 9:57-62 The Seventy Sent Out and Their Return 10:1-24 The Good Samaritan 10:25-37 Mary and Martha: Choosing the Better Part 10:38-42 The Lord's Prayer and Persistent Prayer 11:1-13 Jesus, Beelzebul, and True Blessedness 11:14-28 Demand for a Sign; Jonah and the Queen of the South 11:29-32 The Light of the Body and Inner Purity 11:33-36 Woes to the Pharisees and Lawyers 11:37-54 Warnings against Hypocrisy and Confession before Men 12:1-12 The Parable of the Rich Fool 12:13-21 Do Not Worry; Seek God's Kingdom 12:22-34 Watchfulness and Faithful Stewardship 12:35-48 Division Caused by Christ 12:49-53 Interpreting the Times and Settling with Adversaries 12:54-59 Call to Repentance and the Barren Fig Tree 13:1-9 Healing on the Sabbath and Jesus' Rebuke 13:10-17 Parables of the Mustard Seed and Yeast 13:18-21 The Narrow Door and the Cost of Entry 13:22-30 Jesus Laments over Jerusalem 13:31-35 Healing at a Pharisee's House and Humility at the Table 14:1-14 Parable of the Great Banquet 14:15-24 The Cost of Following Jesus; Salt and Saltiness 14:25-35 The Parable of the Lost Sheep 15:1-7 The Parable of the Lost Coin 15:8-10 The Parable of the Prodigal Son 15:11-32 The Shrewd Manager and Teaching on Wealth 16:1-15 Law, the Kingdom, and Divorce 16:16-18 The Rich Man and Lazarus 16:19-31 Teachings on Temptation, Forgiveness, and Duty 17:1-10 Healing of the Ten Lepers 17:11-19 The Coming of the Kingdom and End-Time Sayings 17:20-37 Parable of the Persistent Widow 18:1-8 Parable of the Pharisee and the Tax Collector 18:9-14 Jesus Blesses Little Children 18:15-17 The Rich Ruler and the Cost of Discipleship 18:18-30 Jesus Predicts His Death Again 18:31-34 Healing of Blind Bartimaeus 18:35-43 Zacchaeus: Salvation Comes to His House 19:1-10 Parable of the Ten Minas 19:11-27 Triumphal Entry and Lament over Jerusalem 19:28-44 Cleansing the Temple and Teaching 19:45-48 Jesus' Authority Challenged 20:1-8 Parable of the Wicked Tenants 20:9-19 Paying Taxes to Caesar 20:20-26 Question about the Resurrection 20:27-40 Jesus Questions the Pharisees; Warnings against Hypocrisy 20:41-47 The Widow's Offering 21:1-4 The Destruction of the Temple and Signs of the End 21:5-38 The Plot to Kill Jesus and Judas' Agreement 22:1-6 The Last Supper and Predictions of Denial 22:7-38 Agony in the Garden of Gethsemane 22:39-46 Jesus Arrested 22:47-53 Peter's Denial Fulfilled 22:54-62 Jesus Mocked and Beaten 22:63-65 Jesus before the Council and Pilate; Sentencing 22:66-23:25 The Way of the Cross and the Penitent Thief 23:26-43 The Death of Jesus and the Centurion's Confession 23:44-49 The Burial of Jesus 23:50-56 The Empty Tomb and the Women's Report 24:1-12 The Road to Emmaus and Recognition of the Risen Lord 24:13-35 Jesus Appears to the Disciples and Explains Scripture 24:36-49 The Ascension and the Disciples' Worship 24:50-53

John

The Word Became Flesh 1:1-18 John the Baptist's Witness 1:19-28 Behold the Lamb of God 1:29-34 The First Disciples and Simon Peter 1:35-42 Calling of Philip and Nathanael 1:43-51 The Wedding at Cana: Water Made Wine 2:1-11 Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Speaks of His Body 2:12-25 Nicodemus and the New Birth 3:1-21 John the Baptist Exalts Jesus 3:22-36 Jesus and the Samaritan Woman at the Well 4:1-26 The Harvest Is Ready 4:27-38 Samaritans Believe in Jesus 4:39-42 Healing of the Royal Official's Son 4:43-54 Jesus Heals at Bethesda 5:1-15 Jesus Claims Authority Over Life and Judgment 5:16-30 Witnesses to Jesus and Israel's Unbelief 5:31-47 Feeding the Five Thousand 6:1-15 Jesus Walks on the Sea 6:16-24 Jesus the Bread of Life 6:25-59 Many Turn Away; Peter's Confession 6:60-71 Jesus Stays Away from Judea 7:1-13 Jesus Teaches at the Festival 7:14-24 Growing Division Over Jesus 7:25-44 Temple Officers and the Adulterous Woman 7:45-8:11 Jesus the Light and His Claim 8:12-30 True Discipleship and Freedom 8:31-41 Jesus' Divine Origin and Opposition 8:42-47 Jesus' 'I Am' and Preexistence 8:48-59 Healing of a Man Born Blind 9:1-12 Controversy with the Pharisees over the Healing 9:13-34 Spiritual Sight and Blindness 9:35-41 The Good Shepherd and His Sheep 10:1-21 Feast of Dedication and Controversy over Jesus 10:22-42 Lazarus' Sickness and Jesus' Intention 11:1-16 Jesus Weeps at Lazarus' Tomb 11:17-37 Jesus Raises Lazarus from the Dead 11:38-44 Plot to Kill Jesus and Caiaphas' Counsel 11:45-57 Mary Anoints Jesus; Plot to Kill Lazarus 12:1-11 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 12:12-19 Greeks Seek Jesus; He Predicts His Death 12:20-36 Unbelief and Jesus' Final Appeal 12:37-50 Jesus Washes the Disciples' Feet 13:1-17 The Prediction of Judas' Betrayal 13:18-30 The New Commandment and Peter's Denial 13:31-38 Jesus Promises a Place in the Father's House 14:1-4 Jesus the Way to the Father 14:5-14 Promise of the Holy Spirit and Peace 14:15-31 The Vine and the Command to Love 15:1-17 The World's Hatred and the Cost of Discipleship 15:18-16:4 The Holy Spirit's Work 16:5-16 Sorrow Turned to Joy; Peace in Christ 16:17-33 The Son's Prayer for Glory 17:1-5 Prayer for the Disciples' Protection and Sanctification 17:6-19 Prayer for Unity Among Believers 17:20-26 Jesus Arrested in Gethsemane 18:1-11 Jesus Brought to Annas 18:12-14 Peter's First Denial 18:15-18 Jesus Questioned and Struck Before the High Priest 18:19-24 Peter Denies Jesus Three Times 18:25-27 Jesus Before Pilate 18:28-40 Jesus Scourged, Mocked, and Sentenced to Crucifixion 19:1-16 The Crucifixion and Jesus' Care for His Mother 19:17-27 Jesus' Death and the Fulfillment of Scripture 19:28-37 Jesus' Burial 19:38-42 The Empty Tomb Discovered 20:1-9 Mary Magdalene Meets the Risen Lord 20:10-18 Jesus Appears to His Disciples and Breathes the Spirit 20:19-23 Thomas Believes; Purpose of John's Gospel 20:24-31 The Miraculous Catch and Breakfast by the Sea 21:1-14 Peter Reinstated and the Beloved Disciple 21:15-25

Acts

The Ascension of Jesus 1:1-11 Prayer in the Upper Room and the Choosing of Matthias 1:12-26 Pentecost: The Coming of the Spirit 2:1-13 Peter's Sermon and Three Thousand Converted 2:14-41 The Early Christian Community 2:42-47 Healing at the Beautiful Gate 3:1-10 Peter's Address at Solomon's Colonnade 3:11-26 The Apostles Before the Sanhedrin 4:1-22 Believers Pray for Boldness 4:23-31 The Believers Share Possessions 4:32-37 Ananias and Sapphira 5:1-11 Signs Performed by the Apostles 5:12-16 Persecution of the Apostles and Their Witness 5:17-42 The Appointment of the Seven Deacons 6:1-7 Stephen's Wisdom and Opposition 6:8-15 Stephen's Speech before the Sanhedrin 7:1-53 The Stoning of Stephen and the Persecution of the Church 7:54-8:1 Saul's Persecution Scatters the Church 8:2-3 Philip Proclaims Christ in Samaria 8:4-8 Simon Magus and Peter's Rebuke 8:9-25 Philip and the Ethiopian Eunuch 8:26-40 The Conversion of Saul 9:1-19 Saul's Early Ministry and Acceptance by the Church 9:20-31 Peter Heals Aeneas and Raises Tabitha 9:32-43 Cornelius' Vision and the Call for Peter 10:1-8 Peter's Vision and the Messengers from Cornelius 10:9-23 Peter at Cornelius' House: Gentiles Receive the Spirit 10:24-48 Peter Defends the Conversion of Gentiles 11:1-18 The Church in Antioch and Famine Relief 11:19-30 Herod Executes James; Peter Miraculously Freed 12:1-19 Herod's Death and the Church's Continued Growth 12:20-25 The First Missionary Sending 13:1-3 Ministry in Cyprus and Elymas's Blinding 13:4-12 Paul's Mission in Pisidian Antioch 13:13-52 Paul and Barnabas in Iconium 14:1-7 Healing in Lystra and Paul's Stoning 14:8-20 Paul and Barnabas Strengthen the Churches 14:21-28 The Jerusalem Council on Gentile Circumcision 15:1-21 The Council's Letter and Peace with Antioch 15:22-35 Paul and Barnabas Separate 15:36-41 Timothy Joins Paul and Churches Are Strengthened 16:1-5 The Call to Macedonia 16:6-10 Lydia's Conversion at Philippi 16:11-15 Paul and Silas Imprisoned and Released in Philippi 16:16-40 Preaching in Thessalonica and Opposition 17:1-9 Berea's Noble Reception and Paul's Departure 17:10-15 Paul's Address at the Areopagus 17:16-34 Paul's Ministry in Corinth and Conflict 18:1-17 Paul Departs; Apollos Instructed by Priscilla and Aquila 18:18-28 Paul's Ministry and the Ephesian Disciples 19:1-22 The Ephesian Riot over Artemis 19:23-41 Paul's Journeys Through Macedonia and Greece 20:1-6 Eutychus Raised in Troas 20:7-12 Paul's Farewell to the Ephesian Elders 20:13-38 Paul's Voyage to Jerusalem 21:1-16 Paul's Arrival in Jerusalem and the Temple Ritual 21:17-26 Paul Seized in the Temple 21:27-36 Paul's Defense: His Conversion and Mission 21:37-22:21 Paul's Arrest and the Council's Division 22:22-23:11 The Plot to Kill Paul and the Soldier's Intervention 23:12-22 Paul Escorted to Caesarea under Guard 23:23-35 Paul's Defense before Governor Felix 24:1-27 Paul Brought before Festus and the Jewish Charges 25:1-12 King Agrippa Learns of Paul's Case 25:13-22 Paul's Defense Before Agrippa 25:23-26:32 Paul's Voyage to Rome Begins 27:1-12 The Storm at Sea and God's Promise of Safety 27:13-26 Shipwreck and Deliverance on Malta 27:27-44 Paul on Malta: Healing and Hospitality 28:1-10 Voyage to Rome and Arrival 28:11-16 Paul in Rome: Preaching under House Arrest 28:17-31

Romans

Paul's Greeting and the Gospel's Power 1:1-17 God's Wrath Against Ungodliness 1:18-32 God's Impartial Judgment and Conscience 2:1-16 The Law, True Circumcision, and Jewish Identity 2:17-29 Israel's Advantage and God's Faithfulness 3:1-8 Universal Sinfulness and the Law's Condemnation 3:9-20 Righteousness Through Faith and Justification 3:21-31 Abraham: Justification by Faith 4:1-25 Peace with God and Reconciliation 5:1-11 Adam and Christ: Death, Grace, and Righteousness 5:12-21 Dead to Sin, Alive in Christ 6:1-14 Slavery to Sin or to Righteousness 6:15-23 Released from the Law to Serve in the Spirit 7:1-6 The Inner Conflict: Law, Sin, and the Flesh 7:7-25 Life in the Spirit: Freedom and Adoption 8:1-17 Future Glory and the Spirit's Intercession 8:18-27 Assurance of God's Love: Nothing Can Separate Us 8:28-39 Paul's Sorrow and God's Sovereign Election 9:1-29 Righteousness by Faith and Israel's Unbelief 9:30-10:21 A Remnant Preserved and Israel's Hardening 11:1-10 Gentiles Grafted In and a Warning Against Boasting 11:11-24 The Mystery of Israel's Salvation and God's Mercy 11:25-32 Doxology: Praise for God's Wisdom and Sovereignty 11:33-36 A Living Sacrifice and the Diversity of Gifts 12:1-8 Christian Conduct: Love, Humility, and Ethical Duties 12:9-21 Submission to Authorities and Civic Duty 13:1-7 Love Fulfills the Law; Walk in the Light 13:8-14 Christian Liberty, Conscience, and Mutual Acceptance 14:1-15:13 Paul's Service to the Gentiles and Missionary Ambition 15:14-22 Paul's Travel Plans and Prayer Requests 15:23-33 Personal Greetings, Final Warnings, and Doxology 16:1-27

Revelation

The Revelation Announced and the Blessing 1:1-3 Greeting and the Lord's Self‑Declaration 1:4-8 John's Vision of the Glorified Son of Man 1:9-20 Letter to Ephesus: Faithfulness and the Call to Repent 2:1-7 Letter to Smyrna: Persecution and the Crown of Life 2:8-11 Letter to Pergamum: Fidelity and False Teaching 2:12-17 Letter to Thyatira: Tolerance of Immorality and Promise to Overcomers 2:18-29 Letter to Sardis: Wakefulness and Repentance 3:1-6 Letter to Philadelphia: An Open Door and a Promise of Protection 3:7-13 Letter to Laodicea: Lukewarmness and the Call to Repent 3:14-22 The Throne in Heaven and Heavenly Worship 4:1-11 The Sealed Scroll and the Worthy Lamb 5:1-14 The Six Seals: Tribulation and Cosmic Disturbance 6:1-17 The Sealing of the 144,000 7:1-8 The Multitude Before the Throne: Salvation and Comfort 7:9-17 The Seventh Seal and the Prayers of the Saints 8:1-5 The Trumpet Judgments: Plagues and Woes 8:6-9:21 The Mighty Angel and the Little Scroll 10:1-11 The Two Witnesses: Prophecy, Death, and Resurrection 11:1-14 The Seventh Trumpet: God's Kingdom Proclaimed and the Temple Opened 11:15-19 The Cosmic Conflict: The Woman, the Dragon, and the Male Child 12:1-13:1 The Sea Beast: Blasphemy and Persecution 13:2-10 The Earth Beast and the Mark of the Beast 13:11-18 The Lamb on Mount Zion and the 144,000 14:1-5 The Three Angels' Messages and the Call to Endure 14:6-13 The Harvest of the Earth: Reaping God's Judgment 14:14-20 The Seven Last Plagues and the Victors' Song 15:1-8 The Bowl Judgments: The Seven Bowls of God's Wrath 16:1-21 The Fall of Babylon the Great and the Beast's Doom 17:1-18:24 Heavenly Praise and the Marriage of the Lamb 19:1-10 Christ's Triumphant Return and the Defeat of the Beast 19:11-21 Satan Bound and the Reign of the Saints 20:1-6 Satan's Final Rebellion and Defeat 20:7-10 The Great White Throne and the Final Judgment 20:11-15 The New Heaven and New Earth and the New Jerusalem 21:1-27 The River of Life and the Throne of God 22:1-6
1 And the people saw that Moses delayed to come down from the mountain, and the people assembled against Aaron and said to him: Rise, make for us gods who shall go before us; for this Moses, the man who brought us up from the land of Egypt—we do not know what has happened to him.

Exo.32.1 - Details

Original Text

וירא העם כי־ בשש משה לרדת מן־ ההר ויקהל העם על־ אהרן ויאמרו אליו קום ׀ עשה־ לנו אלהים אשר ילכו לפנינו כי־ זה ׀ משה האיש אשר העלנו מארץ מצרים לא ידענו מה־ היה לו׃

Morphology

  • וירא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • כי: CONJ
  • בשש: PREP+NUM,card
  • משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • לרדת: VERB,qal,inf
  • מן: PREP
  • ההר: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ויקהל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • על: PREP
  • אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs,prop
  • ויאמרו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,pl
  • אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • קום: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
  • עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לנו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
  • אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • ילכו: VERB,qal,impf,3,pl
  • לפנינו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
  • כי: CONJ
  • זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
  • משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • האיש: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • העלנו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • מארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • ידענו: VERB,qal,perf,1,pl
  • מה: PRON,int
  • היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Exod.32.4 (verbal): Immediate narrative continuation — Aaron fashions the golden calf after the people demand 'make us gods,' echoing the request and showing the outcome of their impatience with Moses' delay.
  • Deut.9:16-18 (allusion): Moses' later retelling of Israel's sin when he delayed on the mountain; explicitly recalls the people's demand for a molten image and Moses' intercession for them.
  • Ps.106:19-22 (allusion): Liturgical retelling of the golden calf episode that recalls Israel's demand for a god and the ensuing idolatry, framing the Exodus event the psalm condemns.
  • Judg.2:11-13 (thematic): Pattern of Israelite apostasy when founding leaders (Joshua, elders) are gone: the people turn to foreign gods, paralleling the loss of trust and recourse to idols in Exodus 32.
  • 1 Sam.8:4-7 (thematic): The people's demand for a visible human ruler 'like other nations' parallels the impulse in Exodus 32 to replace absent/divine leadership with a tangible god or leader.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the people saw that Moses delayed to come down from the mountain, and the people assembled against Aaron and said to him: Rise, make for us gods who will go before us; for this Moses, the man who brought us up from the land of Egypt—we do not know what has become of him.
  • And the people saw that Moses delayed to come down from the mountain, and the people assembled against Aaron and said to him: Come, make for us gods who will go before us; for this Moses, the man who brought us up from the land of Egypt—we do not know what has become of him.
2 And Aaron said to them: Take off the gold rings that are in the ears of your wives, your sons, and your daughters, and bring them to me.

Exo.32.2 - Details

Original Text

ויאמר אלהם אהרן פרקו נזמי הזהב אשר באזני נשיכם בניכם ובנתיכם והביאו אלי׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אלהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs,prop
  • פרקו: VERB,qal,imp,2,pl
  • נזמי: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
  • הזהב: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • באזני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,cstr
  • נשיכם: NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,pl
  • בניכם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,pl
  • ובנתיכם: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,pl
  • והביאו: VERB,hiphil,imp,2,m,pl
  • אלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg

Parallels

  • Judges 8:24-27 (verbal): Gideon collects gold earrings from the spoils and fashions an ephod that becomes an object of veneration—parallel language and motif of taking personal jewelry to create a cultic object.
  • Exodus 35:22 (verbal): Women bring 'golden earrings' as offerings for building the tabernacle; uses similar vocabulary (personal jewelry brought in) but for legitimate cultic construction rather than idolatry.
  • 1 Kings 12:28-30 (thematic): Jeroboam makes golden calves for Israel to worship—a later parallel in which rulers produce cultic calf-images from gold, echoing the golden calf episode.
  • Psalm 106:19-20 (allusion): The psalm recounts the golden calf incident and Aaron's role, explicitly recalling the Exodus episode and condemning the people's idolatry.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And Aaron said to them: Take off the golden rings that are in the ears of your wives, your sons, and your daughters, and bring them to me.
  • And Aaron said to them: Take off the rings of gold that are in the ears of your wives, your sons, and your daughters, and bring them to me.
3 And all the people took off the gold rings that were in their ears and brought them to Aaron.

Exo.32.3 - Details

Original Text

ויתפרקו כל־ העם את־ נזמי הזהב אשר באזניהם ויביאו אל־ אהרן׃

Morphology

  • ויתפרקו: VERB,hitpael,impf,3,m,pl
  • כל: DET
  • העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • את: PRT,acc
  • נזמי: NOUN,m,pl,const
  • הזהב: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • באזניהם: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs+3mp
  • ויביאו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • אל: NEG
  • אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs,prop

Parallels

  • Exodus 32:2 (structural): Immediate narrative parallel — Aaron instructs the people to remove their golden earrings, the direct antecedent to v.3’s action.
  • Exodus 32:24 (structural): Close narrative follow-up — Aaron says the people gave him the gold and he cast it into the fire, claiming the calf ‘came out’ of the fire; ties the donated earrings to the manufacture of the golden calf.
  • Genesis 35:4 (verbal): Uses the same phrase about ‘rings/earrings in their ears’ given up to be hidden or removed; a clear verbal parallel in language and motif of removing personal ornaments.
  • Judges 8:24-27 (thematic): Gideon collects gold earrings from the people and fashions an ephod from the spoil; like Exodus, personal jewelry is collected and turned into a cultic object that becomes a snare to Israel.
  • Jeremiah 10:3-5 (thematic): Critiques making gods from metal (smithing the idol) and their impotence; thematically parallels the forging/use of the people's gold to create the golden calf.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And all the people took off the golden rings that were in their ears and brought them to Aaron.
  • And all the people took off the rings of gold that were in their ears and brought them to Aaron.
4 And he took it from their hand and fashioned it with a graving tool and made it into a calf, a cast image; and they said: These are your gods, Israel, who brought you up from the land of Egypt.

Exo.32.4 - Details

Original Text

ויקח מידם ויצר אתו בחרט ויעשהו עגל מסכה ויאמרו אלה אלהיך ישראל אשר העלוך מארץ מצרים׃

Morphology

  • ויקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • מידם: PREP
  • ויצר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
  • בחרט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויעשהו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • עגל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מסכה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ויאמרו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,pl
  • אלה: DEM,pl,abs
  • אלהיך: NOUN,m,sg,prsuf-2ms
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • העלוך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • מארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 9:16-17 (allusion): Moses recounts the same incident—the people's making of the calf at Horeb—and describes his reaction (breaking the tablets) in response to that idolatry.
  • Psalm 106:19-20 (allusion): A liturgical/poetic retelling of the golden calf episode: Israel made a calf and worshiped the idol instead of God, echoing Exodus' narrative and judgment motif.
  • 1 Kings 12:28-30 (thematic): Jeroboam fashions two calves and tells Israel 'here are your gods'—an intentional imitation of the Exodus calf motif used to legitimize new cultic centers.
  • Acts 7:41 (quotation): Stephen's speech recounts the golden calf: the people made a calf and offered sacrifices, directly referencing the Exodus episode in New Testament testimony.
  • Ezekiel 20:7-8 (verbal): God speaks of Israel making a 'molten calf' at Horeb as a covenant-breaking act; Ezekiel echoes the Exodus language to condemn idolatry and recall the breach.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And he took from their hands, and fashioned it with a graving tool, and made it a molten calf; and they said: These are your gods, O Israel, who brought you up from the land of Egypt.
  • And he took them from their hand and fashioned it with a graving tool and made it a calf of cast metal; and they said: These are your gods, O Israel, who brought you up from the land of Egypt.
5 And Aaron saw, and he built an altar before it, and Aaron proclaimed and said: A festival to the LORD tomorrow.

Exo.32.5 - Details

Original Text

וירא אהרן ויבן מזבח לפניו ויקרא אהרן ויאמר חג ליהוה מחר׃

Morphology

  • וירא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs,prop
  • ויבן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • מזבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לפניו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ויקרא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs,prop
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • חג: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
  • מחר: ADV

Parallels

  • 1 Kings 12:28-30 (verbal): Jeroboam makes two golden calves, sets up shrines and priests, and institutes a festival—closely paralleling Aaron’s erection of an altar before the calf and proclamation of a feast.
  • Psalm 106:19-21 (allusion): A poetic retelling of the golden calf incident: the people made a calf, offered sacrifices and rejoiced—directly recalling the actions Aaron sanctioned in Exodus 32.
  • Leviticus 23:4 (structural): Lists the appointed feasts ‘to the LORD’; contrasts and illuminates Aaron’s unilateral proclamation of a ‘feast to the LORD’ the next day (Exod. 32:5).
  • Judges 18:30 (thematic): The Danites set up a graven image, established a shrine and priesthood—a later instance of creating unauthorized cultic worship and festivals similar to Aaron’s actions.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And Aaron saw, and built an altar before it; and Aaron proclaimed and said: A festival to the LORD tomorrow.
  • And Aaron saw, and he built an altar before it; and Aaron proclaimed and said: A festival to the LORD tomorrow.
6 And they rose early on the next day and offered burnt offerings and brought peace offerings; and the people sat down to eat and drink, and they rose up to revel.

Exo.32.6 - Details

Original Text

וישכימו ממחרת ויעלו עלת ויגשו שלמים וישב העם לאכל ושתו ויקמו לצחק׃

Morphology

  • וישכימו: VERB,qal,imf,3,m,pl
  • ממחרת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ויעלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • עלת: VERB,qal,perf,3,_,pl
  • ויגשו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • שלמים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
  • וישב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • לאכל: INF,qal
  • ושתו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • ויקמו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • לצחק: INF,qal

Parallels

  • 1 Corinthians 10:7 (quotation): Paul directly cites Exod. 32:6 as a warning: “the people sat down to eat and drink and got up to indulge in revelry,” applying the episode to idolatry and licentiousness.
  • Acts 7:41 (allusion): Stephen's retelling of the golden‑calf incident: they made a calf, offered sacrifice, and ‘rejoiced in the works of their hands,’ echoing the eating/drinking and revelry of Exod. 32:6.
  • Psalm 106:19–22 (thematic): The Psalm recounts the making of the calf, the people’s sacrifice to it and God’s anger — thematically paralleling the idolatrous offering, feasting and subsequent divine judgment in Exod. 32:6.
  • Deuteronomy 9:16–21 (structural): Moses’ later retelling of the golden‑calf episode recounts seeing the people’s idolatry and his actions (breaking the tablets, destroying the calf), a structural parallel to the events set in motion by the feast and revelry of Exod. 32:6.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And they rose early on the next day and offered burnt offerings and brought peace offerings; and the people sat down to eat and to drink, and rose up to revel.
  • And they rose early on the next day and offered burnt offerings and brought peace offerings; and the people sat to eat and drink, and they rose to revel.
7 And the LORD spoke to Moses: Go, descend, for your people, whom you brought up from the land of Egypt, have corrupted themselves.

Exo.32.7 - Details

Original Text

וידבר יהוה אל־ משה לך־ רד כי שחת עמך אשר העלית מארץ מצרים׃

Morphology

  • וידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • רד: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • שחת: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • עמך: NOUN,m,sg,suff-2m
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • העלית: VERB,hiph,perf,2,m,sg
  • מארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 9:7 (thematic): Moses recalls the same charge against Israel — that the people provoked the LORD at Horeb — echoing the accusation that the people corrupted themselves.
  • Exodus 32:10 (structural): Immediate continuation of the pericope where God threatens to consume the people for their corruption and proposes to make Moses a great nation.
  • Numbers 14:11-12 (verbal): God's rebuke (‘How long shall this people provoke me?’) and threat to destroy them parallels the charge that the people have corrupted themselves and provoked divine wrath.
  • Psalm 106:19-23 (allusion): A liturgical/poetic retelling of the golden calf episode that recounts Israel's idolatry and Moses' intercession, echoing the corruption mentioned in Exod 32:7.
  • Acts 7:40-43 (quotation): Stephen's retelling of the golden calf incident directly quotes and alludes to the Exodus episode, condemning Israel's apostasy and citing prophetic rebuke.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the LORD spoke to Moses: Go, descend, for your people, whom you brought up from the land of Egypt, have corrupted themselves.
  • And the LORD spoke to Moses: Go, descend, for your people, whom you brought up from the land of Egypt, have corrupted themselves.
8 They have turned aside quickly from the way that I commanded them; they have made for themselves a calf, a cast image, and have bowed down to it and sacrificed to it and said: These are your gods, Israel, who brought you up from the land of Egypt.

Exo.32.8 - Details

Original Text

סרו מהר מן־ הדרך אשר צויתם עשו להם עגל מסכה וישתחוו־ לו ויזבחו־ לו ויאמרו אלה אלהיך ישראל אשר העלוך מארץ מצרים׃

Morphology

  • סרו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • מהר: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
  • מן: PREP
  • הדרך: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • צויתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
  • עשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • עגל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מסכה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • וישתחוו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • ויזבחו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • ויאמרו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,pl
  • אלה: DEM,pl,abs
  • אלהיך: NOUN,m,sg,prsuf-2ms
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • העלוך: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
  • מארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Deut.9.16 (verbal): Recounts the same event in Moses' retelling — Israel 'made for themselves a molten image' and turned aside from the way God commanded, using similar language to describe the golden calf incident.
  • Ps.106.19-20 (verbal): Psalm recalls the golden calf at Horeb and Israel's exchange of God's glory for an image, echoing the motif and specific act of idol worship in Exod 32:8.
  • Acts.7.41 (quotation): Stephen's speech cites the golden calf episode, describing the making of the calf and the people offering sacrifice — an explicit New Testament quotation/allusion to Exod 32.
  • 1 Cor.10.7 (thematic): Paul warns against idolatry by pointing to Israel's example (the golden calf); he alludes to the Exodus episode as a moral precedent for Christian conduct.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They have turned aside quickly from the way that I commanded them; they have made for themselves a molten calf, and have bowed down to it and sacrificed to it, and have said: These are your gods, O Israel, who brought you up from the land of Egypt.
  • They have turned aside quickly from the way that I commanded them; they have made for themselves a calf of cast metal and have bowed down to it and sacrificed to it and said: These are your gods, O Israel, who brought you up from the land of Egypt.
9 And the LORD said to Moses: I have seen this people, and behold, it is a stiff-necked people.

Exo.32.9 - Details

Original Text

ויאמר יהוה אל־ משה ראיתי את־ העם הזה והנה עם־ קשה־ ערף הוא׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ראיתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • הזה: DEM,m,sg
  • והנה: ADV
  • עם: PREP
  • קשה: ADJ,m,sg
  • ערף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הוא: PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 9:6 (verbal): Uses the same characterization — Israel described explicitly as a 'stiff‑necked' people as the reason God does not give the land for their righteousness (direct verbal parallel).
  • Deuteronomy 31:27 (verbal): Moses declares he knows Israel's 'rebellion' and their 'stiff neck,' repeating the same motif of stubbornness applied to the nation (verbal/allusive continuity).
  • 2 Chronicles 30:8 (verbal): Hezekiah exhorts the people 'not [to be] stiff‑necked, as your fathers were,' echoing the Exodus charge and warning against the same hard‑heartedness (direct verbal echo).
  • Isaiah 48:4 (thematic): God laments Israel's obstinacy, using neck imagery ('thy neck is an iron sinew') to portray stubbornness — a thematic development of the 'stiff‑necked' motif.
  • Acts 7:51 (quotation): Stephen addresses his Jewish audience as 'stiff‑necked,' applying the Exodus/prophetic indictment of persistent disobedience to his hearers (explicit New Testament citation/application of the motif).

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the LORD said to Moses: I have seen this people, and behold, it is a stiff-necked people.
  • And the LORD said to Moses: I have seen this people, and behold, it is a stiff-necked people.
10 And now, let me alone, that my anger may burn against them and I may consume them; and I will make you into a great nation.

Exo.32.10 - Details

Original Text

ועתה הניחה לי ויחר־ אפי בהם ואכלם ואעשה אותך לגוי גדול׃

Morphology

  • ועתה: CONJ
  • הניחה: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
  • לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • ויחר: VERB,qal,imf,3,m,sg
  • אפי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,1,sg
  • בהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • ואכלם: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg+OBJ,3,m,pl
  • ואעשה: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg
  • אותך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • לגוי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • גדול: ADJ,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Deut.9.14 (quotation): Moses later recounts God’s words almost verbatim — the command 'Let me alone… that I may destroy them' and the counter‑promise to make Moses a great nation, echoing Exod 32:10.
  • Gen.12.2 (verbal): God’s promise 'I will make thee a great nation' to Abraham parallels the offer in Exod 32:10 to make Moses 'a great nation' as part of the threat to consume Israel.
  • Gen.6.7 (thematic): Divine resolve to destroy human beings because of sin ('I will destroy man whom I have created') parallels the threatening language of consuming the people in Exod 32:10.
  • Ps.106.23 (allusion): The Psalm recalls Moses’ intercession which turned away God’s wrath and prevented Israel’s destruction, directly reflecting the Exodus scene where God threatens to consume the people.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And now, let me alone, that my anger may burn against them and I may consume them, and I will make of you a great nation.
  • And now, let me alone, that my anger may burn against them and I may consume them, and I will make you into a great nation.
11 But Moses implored the LORD his God and said: Why, O LORD, should your anger burn against your people, whom you brought out from the land of Egypt with great power and with a mighty hand?

Exo.32.11 - Details

Original Text

ויחל משה את־ פני יהוה אלהיו ויאמר למה יהוה יחרה אפך בעמך אשר הוצאת מארץ מצרים בכח גדול וביד חזקה׃

Morphology

  • ויחל: CONJ+VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,sg
  • משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אלהיו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • למה: ADV
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • יחרה: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,sg
  • אפך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
  • בעמך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+2ms
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • הוצאת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • מארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • בכח: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • גדול: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • וביד: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • חזקה: ADJ,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Deut.9.26-29 (verbal): Moses repeats a similar intercessory plea, invoking the patriarchs and Israel’s Exodus (God ‘brought you out of Egypt’/‘with mighty hand’) to avert divine wrath — language and argument closely parallel Exodus 32:11.
  • Num.14.13-20 (thematic): After Israel’s rebellion Moses again pleads with God to relent, appealing to God’s reputation, covenant and mercy to prevent destruction — same intercessory structure and concern as Exodus 32:11.
  • Ps.106.23 (allusion): The psalm recounts the golden calf episode and explicitly notes Moses’ prayer that God repent of harming his people, echoing the Exodus account and Moses’ role as mediator.
  • 1 Kings.8.46-50 (thematic): Solomon’s temple-prayer asks God to forgive and not destroy Israel when they sin, citing their being brought out of Egypt and appealing for mercy — parallel use of the Exodus deliverance as grounds for intercession.

Alternative generated candidates

  • But Moses implored the LORD his God and said: Why, O LORD, should your anger burn against your people, whom you brought out from the land of Egypt with great power and with a strong hand?
  • But Moses sought the favor of the LORD his God and said: Why, O LORD, should your anger burn against your people, whom you brought out from the land of Egypt with great power and with a strong hand?
12 Why should the Egyptians say, saying: With evil intent he brought them out, to kill them in the mountains and to wipe them from upon the face of the earth? Turn from the fierceness of your anger, and relent of the disaster against your people.

Exo.32.12 - Details

Original Text

למה יאמרו מצרים לאמר ברעה הוציאם להרג אתם בהרים ולכלתם מעל פני האדמה שוב מחרון אפך והנחם על־ הרעה לעמך׃

Morphology

  • למה: ADV
  • יאמרו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • לאמר: INF,qal,infc
  • ברעה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • הוציאם: VERB,hiph,imp,2,m,sg
  • להרג: INF,qal
  • אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
  • בהרים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,def
  • ולכלתם: CONJ+INF,qal,3,m,pl
  • מעל: PREP
  • פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • האדמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • שוב: ADV
  • מחרון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אפך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
  • והנחם: CONJ+VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,sg
  • על: PREP
  • הרעה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • לעמך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss=2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Exod.32.11 (structural): Immediate context: Moses' intercession begins here—appeals to God to turn from anger and not destroy Israel, leading into the explicit argument about what the Egyptians will say in v.12.
  • Deut.9.28 (verbal): Moses repeats nearly the same plea to God in his later retelling, using the same concern that the Egyptians will say God brought Israel out to destroy them in the mountains.
  • Num.14.13-16 (verbal): In Moses' intercession after the people's rebellion at Kadesh he employs the same argument—appealing to God's reputation so the nations (including Egypt) will not say He intended Israel's destruction.
  • Ps.106.23-24 (thematic): A later liturgical retelling of the golden‑calf crisis: the psalm recounts Moses standing in the breach to avert divine wrath and thus preserves the theme of intercession to prevent Israel's destruction.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Why should the Egyptians speak, saying, With evil intent he brought them out, to kill them in the mountains and to wipe them from upon the face of the earth? Turn from the heat of your anger, and relent from the disaster against your people.
  • Why should the Egyptians speak, saying, With evil intent he brought them out, to kill them in the mountains and to consume them from upon the face of the earth? Turn from your fierce anger and relent of the calamity against your people.
13 Remember Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, your servants, to whom you swore by yourself, and you spoke to them: I will multiply your seed like the stars of the heavens, and all this land of which I have spoken I will give to your seed, and they shall inherit it forever.

Exo.32.13 - Details

Original Text

זכר לאברהם ליצחק ולישראל עבדיך אשר נשבעת להם בך ותדבר אלהם ארבה את־ זרעכם ככוכבי השמים וכל־ הארץ הזאת אשר אמרתי אתן לזרעכם ונחלו לעלם׃

Morphology

  • זכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לאברהם: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ליצחק: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ולישראל: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • עבדיך: NOUN,m,pl,abs,2ms
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • נשבעת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • בך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
  • ותדבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
  • אלהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • ארבה: VERB,hif,impf,1,c,sg,NA
  • את: PRT,acc
  • זרעכם: NOUN,m,sg+2mp_suff
  • ככוכבי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cs
  • השמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
  • הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • הזאת: DEM,f,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • אמרתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,com,sg
  • אתן: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
  • לזרעכם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg+2mp_suff
  • ונחלו: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,.,pl
  • לעלם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Gen.15.5 (verbal): God’s promise that Abram’s offspring will be as numerous as the stars—same simile (seed/descendants like the stars) echoed in Exod 32:13.
  • Gen.22.17 (verbal): God’s pledge to multiply Abraham’s descendants like the stars and bless the nations through his seed; repeats promise-language paralleled in Exod 32:13.
  • Gen.26.3-4 (verbal): God repeats the covenant to Isaac—land and numerous offspring like the stars—directly corresponding to the covenantal promises recalled in Exod 32:13.
  • Gen.28.13-15 (verbal): God’s promise to Jacob of land, descendants, and divine presence (inheritance of the land and multiplied seed), echoing the same covenant motifs invoked in Exod 32:13.
  • Heb.6.13-14 (allusion): New Testament reflection on God’s oath to Abraham—‘when God made a promise to Abraham… he swore by himself’—alludes to the divine oath recalled in Exod 32:13.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Remember Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, your servants, to whom you swore by yourself, and to whom you spoke: I will multiply your offspring like the stars of the heavens, and all this land that I have spoken of I will give to your offspring, and they shall inherit it forever.
  • Remember Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, your servants, to whom you swore by yourself and spoke to them: I will multiply your offspring like the stars of the heavens, and all this land that I have spoken of I will give to your offspring, and they shall inherit it forever.
14 And the LORD relented concerning the disaster that he had spoken to do to his people.

Exo.32.14 - Details

Original Text

וינחם יהוה על־ הרעה אשר דבר לעשות לעמו׃

Morphology

  • וינחם: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • על: PREP
  • הרעה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לעשות: VERB,qal,inf
  • לעמו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Gen.6.6 (verbal): Uses the same verb (נחם) — God ‘repented’/was sorry he had made humanity before the Flood; parallels the motif of divine regret preceding judgment.
  • Jonah.3.10 (verbal): “And God repented of the evil” after Nineveh’s repentance — an explicit instance of God relenting in response to human turning, mirroring Exodus 32’s reversal.
  • Num.14.20 (thematic): After Moses’ intercession God declares he has pardoned the people (וַיִּסְלַח) and relents from destroying Israel — thematically parallel: intercession leads to divine forbearance.
  • 1 Sam.15.11 (verbal): “It repenteth me that I have set up Saul to be king” (וינחם יהוה) — same language of God’s remorse/relenting when judgment or its object changes, comparable to Exodus 32.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the LORD relented from the disaster that he had spoken to do to his people.
  • And the LORD relented from the calamity that he had spoken to do to his people.
15 And Moses turned and went down from the mountain, with the two tablets of the testimony in his hand—tablets written on both sides; on this side and on that side they were written.

Exo.32.15 - Details

Original Text

ויפן וירד משה מן־ ההר ושני לחת העדת בידו לחת כתבים משני עבריהם מזה ומזה הם כתבים׃

Morphology

  • ויפן: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • וירד: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • מן: PREP
  • ההר: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ושני: CONJ+NUM,card,m,pl
  • לחת: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • העדת: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • בידו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
  • לחת: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • כתבים: NOUN,m,pl,const
  • משני: PREP+NUM,m,dual
  • עבריהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss3,m,pl
  • מזה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ומזה: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הם: PRON,personal,3,m,pl
  • כתבים: NOUN,m,pl,const

Parallels

  • Exod.31:18 (verbal): Earliest statement that Moses received 'two tables of testimony, tables of stone' written by the finger of God — very similar language to 32:15.
  • Exod.32:19 (structural): Immediate narrative continuation: Moses descends with the tablets and, seeing the golden calf, throws them down and breaks them (the consequence of 32:15).
  • Exod.34:1 (allusion): God commands Moses to 'hew thee two tables of stone like unto the first' — direct follow-up to the loss of the original tablets mentioned in 32:15–19.
  • Deut.9:10–17 (thematic): Moses' retrospective account repeats that the LORD gave two stone tablets written by God and narrates Moses' anger and the breaking of the tablets — retelling of the same event and language found in Exodus 32.
  • Deut.10:1–5 (quotation): Command to carve new tablets and the account that Moses inscribed on them the words that were on the first tablets — parallels Exodus' description of the tablets and their replacement after the original were broken.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And Moses turned and went down from the mountain, with the two tablets of the testimony in his hand—tablets written on their two sides; on this side and on that they were written.
  • And Moses turned and went down from the mountain, and the two tablets of the testimony were in his hand, tablets written on both their sides; on this side and on that they were written.
16 And the tablets were the work of God, and the writing was the writing of God, engraved on the tablets.

Exo.32.16 - Details

Original Text

והלחת מעשה אלהים המה והמכתב מכתב אלהים הוא חרות על־ הלחת׃

Morphology

  • והלחת: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,def
  • מעשה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • המה: PRON,3,m,pl
  • והמכתב: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
  • מכתב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
  • חרות: ADJ,m,sg
  • על: PREP
  • הלחת: NOUN,f,pl,def

Parallels

  • Exod.31:18 (verbal): Describes the LORD giving Moses two tablets of stone 'written with the finger of God,' paralleling Exodus 32:16's assertion that the tablets and writing are God's workmanship.
  • Exod.34:28 (verbal): After the tablets are replaced, this verse states that Moses wrote on the tablets 'the words of the covenant, the Ten Commandments,' echoing the idea of divine inscription on stone tablets.
  • Deut.9:10 (verbal): Moses recalls receiving 'two tablets of stone written with the finger of God,' directly echoing the language of divine authorship applied to the tablets in Exodus 32:16.
  • Deut.10:4 (allusion): Notes that God 'wrote on the tablets the same words' as on the first tablets Moses broke, alluding to the continuity of God's written law described in Exodus 32:16.
  • 2 Cor.3:3 (thematic): Contrasts letters 'written not with ink but with the Spirit' on human hearts with the old covenant 'letters' written on stone, thematically engaging the motif of divine writing introduced in Exodus 32:16.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the tablets were the work of God, and the writing was the writing of God, engraved upon the tablets.
  • And the tablets were the work of God, and the writing was the writing of God, engraved on the tablets.
17 And Joshua heard the noise of the people as they shouted, and he said to Moses: The sound of war is in the camp.

Exo.32.17 - Details

Original Text

וישמע יהושע את־ קול העם ברעה ויאמר אל־ משה קול מלחמה במחנה׃

Morphology

  • וישמע: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • יהושע: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • קול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ברעה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • קול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מלחמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • במחנה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Joshua 6:16 (verbal): Both passages foreground the people's shout/cry as a public, war‑like sound; Joshua 6:16 links a great shout with military action (the fall of Jericho), echoing Exodus 32:17's identification of loud shouting as 'the sound of war.'
  • Judges 7:20–22 (thematic): Gideon's troops use shouting and trumpet blasts to produce panic and rout the enemy; thematically similar to the Exodus scene where loud noise in the camp is interpreted as hostile battle activity.
  • Numbers 10:9 (structural): The law prescribes blowing the trumpets as a formal signal when Israel goes to war — a structural/legal parallel explaining why loud sounds in a camp would be understood as 'the sound of war.'
  • 1 Samuel 4:5–6 (thematic): In the battle narrative the sound/cry in the camp signals military engagement and calamity; like Exodus 32:17, the report of a great noise is taken as an index of battle and distress among the people.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And Joshua heard the noise of the people as they shouted, and he said to Moses: A sound of war in the camp.
  • And Joshua heard the sound of the people as they shouted, and he said to Moses: The sound of war is in the camp.
18 And he said: It is not the sound of shouting for victory, and it is not the sound of shouting for defeat; the sound of singing is what I hear.

Exo.32.18 - Details

Original Text

ויאמר אין קול ענות גבורה ואין קול ענות חלושה קול ענות אנכי שמע׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אין: PART,neg
  • קול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ענות: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • גבורה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ואין: CONJ+PART,exist
  • קול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ענות: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • חלושה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
  • קול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ענות: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • אנכי: PRON,1,sg
  • שמע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Exodus 32:17 (structural): Immediate context: Joshua reports a noise like the sound of battle in the camp; Moses distinguishes between cries of battle/defeat and the sound of singing, which identifies the people's revelry.
  • 1 Samuel 18:6-7 (thematic): Women in Israel sing in the streets proclaiming victory for David—uses public singing/noise as a communal expression of triumph, paralleling the motif of loud communal singing heard by Moses.
  • Psalm 98:4-6 (thematic): Calls the people to 'make a joyful noise' and to sing praise—parallels the idea of collective singing/noise as the audible form of worship or celebration.
  • Isaiah 24:8 (thematic): Speaks of the silencing of tambourines and the cessation of rejoicing in judgment—an antithetical parallel that highlights how singing/noise signals either celebration or divine judgment depending on context.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And he said: Not the sound of the cry of triumph, and not the sound of the cry of defeat—the sound of singing is what I hear.
  • And he said: It is not the sound of the shout of victory, nor is it the sound of the shout of defeat; the sound of singing is what I hear.
19 And it came to pass, as he drew near to the camp, that he saw the calf and the dancing, and Moses’ anger burned hot, and he threw the tablets from his hands and shattered them at the foot of the mountain.

Exo.32.19 - Details

Original Text

ויהי כאשר קרב אל־ המחנה וירא את־ העגל ומחלת ויחר־ אף משה וישלך מידיו את־ הלחת וישבר אתם תחת ההר׃

Morphology

  • ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • כאשר: CONJ
  • קרב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • המחנה: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • וירא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • העגל: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ומחלת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ויחר: VERB,qal,imf,3,m,sg
  • אף: ADV
  • משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • וישלך: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • מידיו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss3,m
  • את: PRT,acc
  • הלחת: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • וישבר: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
  • תחת: PREP
  • ההר: NOUN,m,sg,def

Parallels

  • Exodus 31:18 (structural): Describes God giving Moses the two stone tablets on Sinai—the very tablets that Moses later casts down and breaks in Exod 32:19.
  • Deuteronomy 9:17 (verbal): Moses' retrospective account uses nearly identical language about taking the two tablets, casting them from his hands, and breaking them—an explicit repetition of Exod 32:19.
  • Exodus 34:1 (structural): Narrative sequel: after Moses breaks the first tablets, God commands him to carve two new stone tablets like the first (replacement of the broken tablets).
  • Psalm 106:19-23 (thematic): Poetic retelling of the golden calf episode—Israel's idolatry at Horeb and Moses' intervention—echoing the sin and Moses' reaction found in Exod 32:19.
  • Acts 7:40-43 (allusion): Stephen's summary of Israel's history recalls the making and worship of the calf and God's response, echoing the Exodus incident and its moral point in the New Testament retelling.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And it came to pass, when he drew near to the camp and saw the calf and the dancing, that Moses’ anger burned; and he threw the tablets from his hands and broke them beneath the mountain.
  • And it happened, as he drew near to the camp and saw the calf and the dancing, that Moses’ anger burned, and he threw the tablets from his hands and shattered them at the foot of the mountain.
20 And he took the calf that they had made, and burned it with fire, and ground it to powder until it was fine, and scattered it upon the surface of the water, and made the Israelites drink it.

Exo.32.20 - Details

Original Text

ויקח את־ העגל אשר עשו וישרף באש ויטחן עד אשר־ דק ויזר על־ פני המים וישק את־ בני ישראל׃

Morphology

  • ויקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • העגל: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • עשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • וישרף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • באש: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ויטחן: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • עד: PREP
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • דק: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ויזר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • על: PREP
  • פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • המים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • וישק: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Deut.9.21 (verbal): Direct retelling of the same action: Moses burns the golden calf, grinds it to powder, scatters it on the water (or throws into the brook) and makes Israel drink — closely parallels Exodus 32:20 wording and motif.
  • Ps.106.19-22 (thematic): Psalm recounts the golden calf incident (Israel worshiping the molten image) and God's anger—the same episode of idolatry that Exodus 32:20 responds to, emphasizing communal sin and its consequences.
  • Acts 7.40-43 (allusion): Stephen's speech recalls the golden calf episode (they made a calf and worshiped it) as an example of Israel's repeated idolatry, alluding to Moses' drastic response recorded in Exodus.
  • 1 Cor.10.7-8 (thematic): Paul cites the golden-calf episode as a warning against idolatry and immoral behavior ('do not be idolaters... nor commit sexual immorality'), using the Exodus incident as moral exemplum for New Testament readers.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And he took the calf that they had made and burned it with fire and ground it until it was fine and scattered it upon the surface of the water and made the Israelites drink it.
  • And he took the calf that they had made and burned it with fire and ground it to powder and scattered it upon the surface of the water, and he made the Israelites drink it.
21 And Moses said to Aaron: What did this people do to you, that you have brought upon them so great a sin?

Exo.32.21 - Details

Original Text

ויאמר משה אל־ אהרן מה־ עשה לך העם הזה כי־ הבאת עליו חטאה גדלה׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs,prop
  • מה: PRON,int
  • עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • הזה: DEM,m,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • הבאת: VERB,hifil,perf,2,m,sg
  • עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
  • חטאה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • גדלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg

Parallels

  • Deut.9.16-21 (structural): Moses' retelling of the golden-calf episode in his second-address to Israel; recounts the same events and Aaron's role, expanding the narrative behind Exodus 32:21.
  • Ps.106.19-23 (thematic): A poetic retelling of the golden-calf incident that condemns Israel's idolatry and praises Moses' intercession—echoes the charge that Aaron's actions brought grievous sin upon the people.
  • 1 Kings 12.28-30 (thematic): Jeroboam sets up two golden calves for Israel to worship; thematically parallels Exodus 32 as an instance where a leader institutes images that cause national sin.
  • Acts 7.40-43 (allusion): Stephen's speech alludes to the golden-calf event and its consequences (quoting Amos); uses the incident as an example of Israel's rebellion and idolatry, linking back to Aaron's role.
  • 1 Cor.10.7-9 (quotation): Paul cites Israel's golden-calf episode as a negative example for Christian behavior (warning against idolatry and related sins), drawing on the same tradition behind Exodus 32:21.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And Moses said to Aaron: What did this people do to you, that you have brought upon it so great a sin?
  • And Moses said to Aaron: What did this people do to you, that you have brought upon it so great a sin?
22 And Aaron said: Let not the anger of my lord burn; you know the people, that they are bent on evil.

Exo.32.22 - Details

Original Text

ויאמר אהרן אל־ יחר אף אדני אתה ידעת את־ העם כי ברע הוא׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs,prop
  • אל: NEG
  • יחר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • אף: ADV
  • אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
  • אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
  • ידעת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • כי: CONJ
  • ברע: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הוא: PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Deut.9:16-21 (structural): Moses' later retelling of the Sinai incident; repeats the golden-calf episode and Aaron's involvement, providing the same narrative context for Aaron's defense and Moses' intercession.
  • Ps.106:19-23 (thematic): Psalmic retelling of the golden calf that highlights Israel's revolt, Aaron's role, and God's anger—echoes the situation Aaron seeks to defuse by blaming the people's tendency to do evil.
  • Acts 7:40-43 (allusion): Stephen's speech in the New Testament recalls the golden-calf episode and Israel's apostasy; it alludes to the same event and criticizes Israel's inclination to idolatry that Aaron attributes to the people.
  • Gen.6:5 (thematic): Statement about humanity's pervasive inclination to evil ('every imagination of the thoughts of his heart is only evil continually') parallels Aaron's claim that the people are naturally disposed to 'mischief,' which he uses to excuse their behavior.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And Aaron said: Let not the anger of my lord burn. You yourself know the people, that they are set on evil.
  • And Aaron said: Let not the anger of my lord burn; you know the people, that they are bent on evil.
23 And they said to me: Make for us gods who shall go before us; for this Moses, the man who brought us up from the land of Egypt—we do not know what has happened to him.

Exo.32.23 - Details

Original Text

ויאמרו לי עשה־ לנו אלהים אשר ילכו לפנינו כי־ זה ׀ משה האיש אשר העלנו מארץ מצרים לא ידענו מה־ היה לו׃

Morphology

  • ויאמרו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,pl
  • לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לנו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
  • אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • ילכו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • לפנינו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
  • כי: CONJ
  • זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
  • משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • האיש: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • העלנו: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
  • מארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • ידענו: VERB,qal,perf,1,pl
  • מה: PRON,int
  • היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 9:16 (verbal): Moses' retrospective account of the same golden-calf incident (Israel's idolatry and Moses' reaction), repeating key details of Exodus 32.
  • Psalm 106:19-23 (quotation): The psalm recounts and condemns the golden-calf episode, echoing Israel's demand for a visible god and Aaron's role in making the idol.
  • Acts 7:39-41 (quotation): Stephen's speech in Acts repeats the golden-calf story (Israel turning away and making an image to worship), using the episode as an example of Israel's unbelief.
  • 1 Samuel 8:4-8 (thematic): Israel's request for a human king 'like the nations' parallels the desire for a visible, leading figure/god in Exodus 32—seeking a tangible leader rather than faithfulness to God.
  • Judges 2:11-13 (thematic): A recurring pattern of Israel's apostasy and turning to other gods after leaders disappear parallels the motive in Exodus 32 for creating a visible deity to 'go before' them.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And they said to me: Make for us gods who will go before us; for this Moses, the man who brought us up from the land of Egypt—we do not know what has become of him.
  • They said to me, Make for us gods who will go before us, for this Moses, the man who brought us up from the land of Egypt—we do not know what has become of him.
24 And I said to them: Whoever has gold, take it off; and they gave it to me, and I threw it into the fire, and this calf came out.

Exo.32.24 - Details

Original Text

ואמר להם למי זהב התפרקו ויתנו־ לי ואשלכהו באש ויצא העגל הזה׃

Morphology

  • ואמר: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • למי: PREP,interr
  • זהב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • התפרקו: VERB,hitpael,perf,3,m,pl
  • ויתנו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • ואשלכהו: VERB,hiphil,wayyiqtol,1,?,sg
  • באש: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ויצא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • העגל: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • הזה: DEM,m,sg

Parallels

  • Exodus 32:4 (structural): Immediate narrative parallel: Aaron's declaration and the people's crafting of the calf appear immediately prior and set the scene for Aaron's later claim about melting gold and the calf's emergence.
  • 1 Kings 12:28-30 (verbal): Jeroboam sets up golden calves at Bethel and Dan and uses the same formula ('these are your gods who brought you up out of Egypt'), echoing the language and motif of Exodus 32.
  • Psalm 106:19-20 (quotation): The psalm recounts the golden calf episode—making and worshiping the metal image—and explicitly references the people's exchange of glory for an image, directly reflecting Exodus 32.
  • Acts 7:41 (quotation): Stephen's speech in Acts cites the golden calf incident, describing the making of the calf and the people sacrificing to the idol, directly alluding to Exodus 32 and Aaron's role.
  • Judges 8:24-27 (thematic): Gideon's people fashion a golden ephod from spoils and it becomes an object of worship; thematically parallels the making of a gold cultic object that leads Israel into idolatry.

Alternative generated candidates

  • So I said to them, Whoever has gold, take it off; and they gave it to me, and I threw it into the fire, and out came this calf.
  • And I said to them, Whoever has gold, take it off; and they gave it to me, and I threw it into the fire, and out came this calf.
25 And Moses saw that the people had broken loose, for Aaron had let them break loose, to the derision of their adversaries.

Exo.32.25 - Details

Original Text

וירא משה את־ העם כי פרע הוא כי־ פרעה אהרן לשמצה בקמיהם׃

Morphology

  • וירא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • כי: CONJ
  • פרע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • פרעה: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs,prop
  • לשמצה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • בקמיהם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,poss:3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Exod.32:22-24 (structural): Immediate narrative follow-up: Aaron's explanation/defense for the golden calf shows his role in allowing the people to 'get out of control' and become a reproach.
  • Exod.32:7-8 (structural): Contextual parallel: God reports that Israel 'has turned aside' and corrupted themselves by making the calf—background for Moses' observation that the people were unruly and disgraced.
  • Ps.44:13-14 (verbal): Uses virtually the same imagery/language—Israel made 'a byword' and 'a laughingstock' among the nations—echoing the disgrace noted in Exod 32:25.
  • Ps.106:19-23 (thematic): Retells the golden-calf episode: recounts the people's idolatry and Aaron's involvement, and the divine wrath and danger that resulted—thematisation of shame and leadership failure.
  • Deut.9:16-21 (allusion): Moses' retrospective account of the calf incident, including his judgment of the people's revolt and his intercession for Aaron—an explicit later reflection on the same scandal and its leaders' culpability.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And Moses saw that the people were unrestrained, for Aaron had let them run wild to derision among their adversaries.
  • And Moses saw that the people were unrestrained, for Aaron had let them run wild, to derision among their adversaries.
26 And Moses stood in the gate of the camp and said: Who is for the LORD? To me! And all the sons of Levi gathered to him.

Exo.32.26 - Details

Original Text

ויעמד משה בשער המחנה ויאמר מי ליהוה אלי ויאספו אליו כל־ בני לוי׃

Morphology

  • ויעמד: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • בשער: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • המחנה: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • מי: PRON,interr,sg
  • ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • ויאספו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • כל: DET
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • לוי: PROPN,m,sg

Parallels

  • Joshua 24:15 (thematic): Public summons to choose whom to serve—both Joshua and Moses call the people to declare allegiance to Yahweh.
  • 1 Kings 18:21 (thematic): Elijah's challenge (“How long will you waver…?”) parallels Moses' demand for those ‘for the LORD’ to come forward and choose sides between Yahweh and false worship.
  • Numbers 25:7-13 (thematic): Phinehas (a priest/Levite) violently intervenes to halt idolatry and immorality; echoes the Levites' rapid mobilisation and zealous action after Moses' summons.
  • Psalm 106:28-31 (allusion): The psalm recounts the golden calf incident and praises Phinehas' zeal—later reflection on the same episode in Exodus where the Levites rally to Moses.
  • Deuteronomy 33:9 (allusion): Moses' blessing of Levi emphasizes their fidelity and service (‘they kept your charge’), reflecting the tradition that the Levites alone rallied to Moses in the crisis of the golden calf.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And Moses stood in the gate of the camp and said: Whoever is for the LORD, to me! And all the sons of Levi gathered themselves to him.
  • And Moses stood in the gate of the camp and said: Who is for the LORD? To me! And all the sons of Levi gathered to him.
27 And he said to them: Thus says the LORD, the God of Israel: Let each man put his sword on his thigh; pass through and return from gate to gate in the camp, and let each man kill his brother, and each his companion, and each his neighbor.

Exo.32.27 - Details

Original Text

ויאמר להם כה־ אמר יהוה אלהי ישראל שימו איש־ חרבו על־ ירכו עברו ושובו משער לשער במחנה והרגו איש־ את־ אחיו ואיש את־ רעהו ואיש את־ קרבו׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • כה: ADV
  • אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • שימו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • חרבו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m
  • על: PREP
  • ירכו: NOUN,f,sg,poss,3,m
  • עברו: VERB,qal,imp,2,pl
  • ושובו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
  • משער: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לשער: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • במחנה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • והרגו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • אחיו: NOUN,3,m,sg,abs
  • ואיש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • רעהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
  • ואיש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • קרבו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3ms_suff

Parallels

  • Numbers 25:4-8 (thematic): After Israel's sexual immorality and idolatry at Peor, God orders the judges to execute the offenders; Phinehas' killing of the couple and the resulting deaths in the camp parallel communal, covenant-enforcing bloodshed.
  • Deuteronomy 13:6-11 (thematic): The legal injunction to put to death anyone—even a close family member—who entices Israel to worship other gods parallels the mandate in Exod 32 to kill kin who have violated covenant loyalty.
  • Joshua 7:24-26 (structural): Achan's sin leads to the identification and execution of Achan (and his family/possessions) as a communal purge for covenant violation, mirroring the pattern of killing offenders within the community.
  • 2 Kings 10:18-28 (thematic): Jehu's violent purge of Baal worshippers (and the killing of those associated) displays a similar motif of mass execution to eradicate idolatry and restore covenant faithfulness.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And he said to them: Thus says the LORD, the God of Israel: Put each man his sword on his thigh; pass through and back from gate to gate in the camp, and kill, each man his brother, and each man his companion, and each man his kinsman.
  • And he said to them: Thus says the LORD, the God of Israel, Put each man his sword on his thigh; pass through and return from gate to gate in the camp, and let each kill his brother, and each his companion, and each his neighbor.
28 And the sons of Levi did according to the word of Moses, and there fell of the people that day about three thousand men.

Exo.32.28 - Details

Original Text

ויעשו בני־ לוי כדבר משה ויפל מן־ העם ביום ההוא כשלשת אלפי איש׃

Morphology

  • ויעשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • לוי: PROPN,m,sg
  • כדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ויפל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • מן: PREP
  • העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ביום: PREP
  • ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
  • כשלשת: NUM,card,sg,cons
  • אלפי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Numbers 25:6-8 (thematic): Phinehas’ violent action to stop Israel’s idolatry/immorality — like the Levites’ execution, an act of zeal that averts divine wrath.
  • Deuteronomy 13:12-18 (structural): Law prescribing that an idolatrous city be put to the sword — a legal/structural precedent for communal killing as punishment for apostasy.
  • Joshua 7:24-25 (thematic): Achan’s public execution and destruction of his family for covenant violation — another instance of communal purging for idolatry/sin.
  • Psalm 106:19-23 (allusion): A poetic retelling of the golden calf episode (God’s anger and Israel’s sin) that echoes the Exodus narrative and its consequences.
  • Acts 7:40-43 (allusion): Stephen’s summary of Israel’s making of the calf and God’s displeasure — an NT retelling that recalls the Exodus incident and its disciplinary outcomes.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the sons of Levi did according to the word of Moses, and there fell of the people that day about three thousand men.
  • And the sons of Levi did according to the word of Moses; and there fell of the people on that day about three thousand men.
29 And Moses said: Consecrate yourselves today to the LORD—even each against his son and against his brother—that He may bestow upon you today a blessing.

Exo.32.29 - Details

Original Text

ויאמר משה מלאו ידכם היום ליהוה כי איש בבנו ובאחיו ולתת עליכם היום ברכה׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • מלאו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • ידכם: NOUN,f,pl,suff-2,pl
  • היום: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
  • כי: CONJ
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בבנו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,suff-3,ms
  • ובאחיו: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,suff-3,ms
  • ולתת: VERB,qal,inf
  • עליכם: PREP+PRON,2,pl
  • היום: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ברכה: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Exodus 32:26 (structural): Immediate context: Moses' summons 'Who is on the LORD's side?' leads to the Levites' action that precedes and sets up his call to consecrate themselves in v.29.
  • Numbers 3:12-13 (thematic): Declares that God has taken the Levites in place of the firstborn—parallels Exodus 32:29's consecration language and the transferred family-responsibility motif ('upon his son, and upon his brother').
  • Numbers 8:14-19 (structural): Describes the formal consecration, cleansing, and assignment of the Levites to priestly service, echoing Exodus 32:29's call to consecrate for the LORD's service and receive blessing.
  • Exodus 13:2 (verbal): Command to 'consecrate to me every firstborn' shares the key verb and the idea of setting persons apart to the LORD, linking sacrificial/consecratory language with Exodus 32:29.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And Moses said: Consecrate yourselves today to the LORD—for each man was against his son and against his brother—in order that he may bestow upon you today a blessing.
  • And Moses said: Consecrate yourselves today to the LORD—each at the cost of his son and his brother—so that he may bestow upon you today a blessing.
30 And it came to pass on the next day that Moses said to the people: You have sinned a great sin; and now I will go up to the LORD—perhaps I can make atonement for your sin.

Exo.32.30 - Details

Original Text

ויהי ממחרת ויאמר משה אל־ העם אתם חטאתם חטאה גדלה ועתה אעלה אל־ יהוה אולי אכפרה בעד חטאתכם׃

Morphology

  • ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • ממחרת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
  • חטאתם: NOUN,f,sg,pronominal:2,pl
  • חטאה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • גדלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • ועתה: CONJ
  • אעלה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אולי: ADV
  • אכפרה: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg
  • בעד: PREP
  • חטאתכם: NOUN,f,sg,pronominal:2,pl

Parallels

  • Exodus 32:11-14 (verbal): Earlier in the same incident Moses pleads with God to relent from destroying Israel — the same intercessory motif and language of entreaty to avert divine wrath.
  • Exodus 32:31-32 (structural): Immediate continuation: Moses offers to make atonement and even to be blotted out for the people's sin, expanding on his role as intercessor.
  • Deuteronomy 9:18-20 (allusion): Moses' retrospective account of the golden calf episode: he fasted and prayed, interceding so that God would forgive Israel — a direct retelling of the same intercession.
  • Numbers 14:13-20 (thematic): Another major instance of Moses interceding on Israel's behalf after their rebellion, using similar petitions to God to forgive and spare the people.
  • Psalm 106:23-31 (allusion): The psalm recounts the golden calf crisis and attributes Israel's pardon to Moses' intercession (and later Phinehas), echoing the theme of mediation and divine forgiveness.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And it came to pass on the next day that Moses said to the people: You have sinned a great sin; and now I will go up to the LORD—perhaps I may make atonement for your sin.
  • And it came to pass on the next day that Moses said to the people: You have sinned a great sin. And now I will go up to the LORD—perhaps I can make atonement for your sin.
31 And Moses returned to the LORD and said: Alas, this people has sinned a great sin, and they have made for themselves gods of gold.

Exo.32.31 - Details

Original Text

וישב משה אל־ יהוה ויאמר אנא חטא העם הזה חטאה גדלה ויעשו להם אלהי זהב׃

Morphology

  • וישב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אנא: PART
  • חטא: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
  • העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • הזה: DEM,m,sg
  • חטאה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • גדלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • ויעשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • זהב: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Deut.9.16-19 (verbal): Moses retells the golden‑calf episode and his extended intercession ('I fell down before the LORD forty days and forty nights'), directly echoing the Exodus account of the people's great sin and Moses' plea.
  • Num.14.13-20 (structural): Moses' petition to God to spare Israel after a grave rebellion parallels his plea in Exodus 32—similar structure of intercession asking God to relent from wrath for the people's sin.
  • Ps.106.19-23 (thematic): The psalm recounts the golden calf and explicitly credits Moses' intercession ('Therefore the LORD had regard for the prayer of Moses'), echoing Exodus 32's theme of sin and mediation.
  • Acts.7.40-43 (allusion): Stephen cites the golden‑calf episode as emblematic of Israel's idolatry, alluding to the same event Moses confronts in Exodus 32 and highlighting its theological significance.
  • 1 Kgs.12.28-30 (thematic): Jeroboam's later making of golden calves for Israel recalls the Exodus incident thematically, showing the recurring problem of calf‑idolatry in Israel's history.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And Moses returned to the LORD and said: Alas, this people has sinned a great sin, and they have made for themselves gods of gold.
  • And Moses returned to the LORD and said: Alas, this people has sinned a great sin; they have made for themselves gods of gold.
32 And now, if you will bear their sin—but if not, blot me, I pray, out of your book that you have written.

Exo.32.32 - Details

Original Text

ועתה אם־ תשא חטאתם ואם־ אין מחני נא מספרך אשר כתבת׃

Morphology

  • ועתה: CONJ
  • אם: CONJ
  • תשא: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • חטאתם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3,mp
  • ואם: CONJ
  • אין: PART,neg
  • מחני: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg+obj1,sg
  • נא: PART
  • מספרך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+2,ms
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • כתבת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Exodus 32:33 (structural): Immediate divine reply to Moses' offer — continuation of the same incident, addressing the request about being blotted from God's book.
  • Numbers 14:19-20 (thematic): Moses again intercedes for Israel asking God to pardon their sin; God responds that he has pardoned according to Moses' plea — same intercessory motif.
  • Psalm 69:28 (verbal): Uses the language of being 'blotted out of the book (of life)' for enemies — verbal parallel to Moses' petition to be erased from God's book.
  • Revelation 3:5 (verbal): Speaks of names being blotted out (or not blotted out) from the book of life — a later Christian use of the same imagery about divine records and erasure.
  • Revelation 20:12-15 (thematic): Final judgment scene featuring books and the 'book of life' — develops the theological theme of divine record-keeping and the fate of names mentioned in Exodus 32:32.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And now, if you will forgive their sin—but if not, blot me, I pray, out of your book that you have written.
  • And now, if you will forgive their sin—but if not, blot me, please, out of your book that you have written.
33 And the LORD said to Moses: Whoever has sinned against me, him I will blot out of my book.

Exo.32.33 - Details

Original Text

ויאמר יהוה אל־ משה מי אשר חטא־ לי אמחנו מספרי׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • מי: PRON,interr,sg
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • חטא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • אמחנו: VERB,qal,imperfect,1,sg,OBJ:3,m,sg
  • מספרי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,1,sg

Parallels

  • Exodus 32:32 (verbal): Moses offers to be "blotted out" of God's book in place of Israel — a direct verbal and narrative counterpart to God's statement in 32:33 about blotting out sinners.
  • Psalm 69:28 (verbal): Uses the same imagery—"blot out of the book of the living"—echoing the motif of names being erased as a form of divine judgment.
  • Revelation 3:5 (allusion): Jesus promises not to blot a believer's name from the book of life; a New Testament use of the same 'book' metaphor, here affirming preservation rather than erasure.
  • Malachi 3:16 (thematic): Speaks of a 'book of remembrance' in which the faithful are recorded — a thematic counterpart emphasizing written record before God that contrasts with the idea of being blotted out.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the LORD said to Moses: Whoever has sinned against me, him will I blot out of my book.
  • And the LORD said to Moses: Whoever has sinned against me, him will I blot out of my book.
34 And now, go, lead the people to the place of which I spoke to you. Behold, my angel shall go before you; nevertheless, in the day when I punish, I will punish them for their sin.

Exo.32.34 - Details

Original Text

ועתה לך ׀ נחה את־ העם אל אשר־ דברתי לך הנה מלאכי ילך לפניך וביום פקדי ופקדתי עליהם חטאתם׃

Morphology

  • ועתה: CONJ
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • נחה: VERB,qal,imper,2,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אל: NEG
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • דברתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,sg
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • הנה: PART
  • מלאכי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • ילך: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • לפניך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
  • וביום: CONJ+PREP
  • פקדי: NOUN,m,sg,poss:1,sg
  • ופקדתי: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,1,x,sg
  • עליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
  • חטאתם: NOUN,m,sg,poss:3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Exod.23:20-23 (verbal): Promises an angel who will go before Israel—language and function of the divine/angelic escort closely parallel 'מלאכי ילך לפניך' and the protective/punitive role described here.
  • Exod.33:2 (structural): Immediate narrative reprise of the same commission—God again tells Moses an angel will go before Israel and links leading the people with divine visitation and judgment.
  • Num.14:18 (thematic): Speaks of God 'visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children'—shares the theological theme of divine visitation/punishment for sin reflected in 'ביום פקדי ופקדתי עליהם חטאתם.'
  • Lev.26:21-24 (thematic): Series of covenant curses where God says 'I will visit' punishment on Israel for disobedience—parallels the motif and wording of God visiting sin with consequences.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And now, go, lead the people to the place of which I have spoken to you; behold, my angel shall go before you; and in the day I visit, I will visit upon them their sin.
  • And now, go, lead the people to the place about which I spoke to you; behold, my angel will go before you. But in the day I visit, I will visit upon them their sin.
35 And the LORD struck the people, because they made the calf that Aaron made.

Exo.32.35 - Details

Original Text

ויגף יהוה את־ העם על אשר עשו את־ העגל אשר עשה אהרן׃

Morphology

  • ויגף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • על: PREP
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • עשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • את: PRT,acc
  • העגל: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs,prop

Parallels

  • Psalm 106:19-23 (verbal): Retells the golden-calf episode ("they made a calf") and states that God punished Israel with a plague until Moses interceded, directly paralleling Exodus' report of divine striking for the calf.
  • Deuteronomy 9:16-20 (allusion): Moses' retrospective account of the calf—notes Israel's sin, God's fierce anger and readiness to destroy them, and Moses' intercession—echoing Exodus' notice of God's punishment for the calf.
  • 1 Corinthians 10:6-11 (thematic): Paul cites Israel's sins (including the golden calf) and their punishments as warning examples for Christians; he alludes to the divine judgments that befell the people for idolatry.
  • Acts 7:39-43 (allusion): Stephen recounts Israel's making of the calf and subsequent divine rejection/giving them up to idolatry, retelling the Exodus episode and its consequences in New Testament proclamation.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the LORD struck the people, because they made the calf that Aaron had made.
  • And the LORD struck the people, because of what they did with the calf that Aaron made.
1 And the LORD spoke to Moses: Go, go up from here, you and the people whom you brought up from the land of Egypt, to the land that I swore to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, saying: To your seed I will give it.

Exo.33.1 - Details

Original Text

וידבר יהוה אל־ משה לך עלה מזה אתה והעם אשר העלית מארץ מצרים אל־ הארץ אשר נשבעתי לאברהם ליצחק וליעקב לאמר לזרעך אתננה׃

Morphology

  • וידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • עלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • מזה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
  • והעם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • העלית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • מארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • נשבעתי: VERB,niphal,perf,1,_,sg
  • לאברהם: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ליצחק: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וליעקב: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לאמר: INF,qal,infc
  • לזרעך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss:2ms
  • אתננה: VERB,qal,fut,1,sg

Parallels

  • Genesis 15:18 (quotation): God's covenantal grant of the land to Abraham's descendants — the original oath ('to your offspring I give this land') that Exodus 33:1 invokes.
  • Exodus 3:8 (thematic): God's promise to bring Israel out of Egypt into 'a good and broad land' — thematically echoes the deliverance-to-the-promised-land motif.
  • Exodus 6:2-8 (verbal): Reiterates the LORD's identity and the pledge to bring Israel into the land sworn to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob — closely parallels the language and covenant focus of Exod 33:1.
  • Joshua 1:2-4 (structural): A direct command to 'go over' into the land given to Israel, functioning as the narrative fulfillment and structural counterpart to the command in Exod 33:1.
  • Numbers 14:30 (allusion): Refers to the oath about the land and the consequence that those who rebel will not enter it — alludes to the same covenantal promise and its conditions referenced in Exod 33:1.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the LORD spoke to Moses: Go, go up from here, you and the people whom you brought up from the land of Egypt, to the land that I swore to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, saying, To your offspring I will give it.
  • And the LORD spoke to Moses: Go, go up from here, you and the people whom you brought up from the land of Egypt, to the land that I swore to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, saying, To your offspring I will give it.
2 And I will send an angel before you, and I will drive out the Canaanite, the Amorite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite.

Exo.33.2 - Details

Original Text

ושלחתי לפניך מלאך וגרשתי את־ הכנעני האמרי והחתי והפרזי החוי והיבוסי׃

Morphology

  • ושלחתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,sg
  • לפניך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
  • מלאך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וגרשתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • הכנעני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
  • האמרי: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • והחתי: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • והפרזי: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • החוי: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • והיבוסי: NOUN,m,sg,def

Parallels

  • Exod.23.23 (quotation): Uses the same promise of ‘My angel will go before you’ and anticipates bringing Israel into the land by removing the inhabitants (close verbal parallel).
  • Exod.23.28-30 (thematic): Again describes YHWH’s proactive military aid—sending agents (hornets/angel) and driving out Canaanite peoples so Israel can possess the land (same divine action to dispossess nations).
  • Deut.7.1 (verbal): A parallel catalogue of nations to be dispossessed (Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, Jebusites), framing the same command to annihilate/drive out inhabitants of the land.
  • Num.33.51-56 (verbal): God’s command to Moses to instruct Israel to dispossess the land’s inhabitants, with a similar list and the same legal/ritual consequences for failing to drive them out.
  • Josh.3.10 (allusion): Joshua’s proclamation that the LORD will drive out the inhabitants before Israel echoes Exodus’ promise of divine removal of Canaanite peoples as Israel enters the land.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And I will send an angel before you, and I will drive out the Canaanite, the Amorite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite.
  • And I will send before you an angel and will drive out the Canaanite, the Amorite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite.
3 To a land flowing with milk and honey; for I will not go up in your midst, for you are a stiff-necked people, lest I consume you on the way.

Exo.33.3 - Details

Original Text

אל־ ארץ זבת חלב ודבש כי לא אעלה בקרבך כי עם־ קשה־ ערף אתה פן־ אכלך בדרך׃

Morphology

  • אל: NEG
  • ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • זבת: VERB,qal,ptcp,-,f,sg
  • חלב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ודבש: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כי: CONJ
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • אעלה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
  • בקרבך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • עם: PREP
  • קשה: ADJ,m,sg
  • ערף: ADJ,m,sg
  • אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
  • פן: CONJ
  • אכלך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg+PRON,2,m,sg
  • בדרך: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Exod.3:8 (verbal): The promise of a “land flowing with milk and honey” is first announced here — same phrase and divine promise to bring Israel into Canaan.
  • Exod.32:9-10 (verbal): God already calls Israel a “stiff-necked people” and threatens to consume them for their sin; Exodus 33:3 repeats the charge and the threat of not accompanying them.
  • Num.14:22-23 (thematic): After the spies’ report and rebellion, God declares that the faithless generation will not enter the promised land — a parallel divine refusal to lead Israel into Canaan because of their disobedience.
  • Lev.26:11-12 (thematic): Leviticus promises God’s dwelling among Israel when they obey (“I will walk among you and be your God”), offering an intentional contrast with Exod 33:3 where God withholds his presence because of their stubbornness.
  • Deut.31:17-18 (allusion): Moses warns that if Israel turns to other gods God will hide his face and forsake them — echoes of divine withdrawal of presence and protection found in Exodus 33:3.

Alternative generated candidates

  • To a land flowing with milk and honey; for I will not go up in your midst, for you are a stiff-necked people, lest I consume you on the way.
  • To a land flowing with milk and honey; for I will not go up in your midst, for you are a stiff-necked people, lest I consume you on the way.
4 And when the people heard this evil word, they mourned, and no man put his ornaments on himself.

Exo.33.4 - Details

Original Text

וישמע העם את־ הדבר הרע הזה ויתאבלו ולא־ שתו איש עדיו עליו׃

Morphology

  • וישמע: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • את: PRT,acc
  • הדבר: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • הרע: ADJ,m,sg,def
  • הזה: DEM,m,sg
  • ויתאבלו: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,pl
  • ולא: CONJ
  • שתו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עדיו: PREP,3,m,sg
  • עליו: PREP,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Genesis 37:34 (thematic): Jacob rends his garments and mourns deeply when told the 'bad tidings' about Joseph—parallel theme of immediate public mourning on hearing grievous news.
  • Esther 4:1–3 (verbal): On learning of the edict to destroy the Jews, Mordecai and the Jews put on sackcloth and ashes and ceased normal adornment—directly parallels removal of ornaments and communal mourning.
  • Job 1:20–21 (thematic): Job tears his robe, shaves his head and falls to the ground in mourning upon hearing catastrophic news—another instance of the customary physical signs of grief after bad tidings.
  • Lamentations 2:10 (verbal): Elders cast dust on their heads and gird with sackcloth in response to Jerusalem’s disaster—language and imagery echo the cessation of ornamentation and public lament.
  • 2 Samuel 1:11–12 (thematic): Upon receiving the report of Saul and Jonathan’s deaths, David and his men mourn, fast and weep—the communal lamentation after receiving tragic news parallels Exodus 33:4.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And when the people heard this grievous word, they mourned, and no man put his ornaments on himself.
  • And when the people heard this harsh word, they mourned, and no one put on his ornaments.
5 And the LORD said to Moses: Say to the Israelites: You are a stiff-necked people. If for one moment I were to go up in your midst, I would consume you. Now take off your ornaments from yourselves, and I will know what I will do to you.

Exo.33.5 - Details

Original Text

ויאמר יהוה אל־ משה אמר אל־ בני־ ישראל אתם עם־ קשה־ ערף רגע אחד אעלה בקרבך וכליתיך ועתה הורד עדיך מעליך ואדעה מה אעשה־ לך׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
  • עם: PREP
  • קשה: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • ערף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • רגע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
  • אעלה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
  • בקרבך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,prsfx:2,m,sg
  • וכליתיך: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg,prfx:w,suf:2,m
  • ועתה: CONJ
  • הורד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • עדיך: NOUN,m,pl,abs,suf:2,m
  • מעליך: PREP,2,m
  • ואדעה: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg
  • מה: PRON,int
  • אעשה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Exod.32.9 (verbal): God explicitly calls Israel 'a stiff-necked people' in the golden calf episode — the same characterization and divine displeasure that frames Exod.33.5.
  • Exod.33.3 (structural): Immediate chapter parallel: earlier God tells Moses he will not go up in their midst because they are stiff‑necked — 33:5 develops the tension between divine presence and judgment.
  • Deut.9.6 (verbal): Moses similarly warns Israel in Deuteronomy that they are 'stiff‑necked' and liable to provoke the LORD to anger — same trope of stubbornness and threatened punishment.
  • Num.14.11 (thematic): After Israel's rebellion at Kadesh, God threatens to consume them and start anew with Moses — parallel theme of divine wrath and potential annihilation of the people.
  • Isa.48.4 (allusion): Isaiah depicts Israel's obstinacy with neck imagery ('your neck is an iron sinew'), echoing the 'stiff‑necked' motif used in Exodus to describe rebellious Israel.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the LORD said to Moses: Say to the Israelites, You are a stiff-necked people; if for one moment I go up in your midst, I will consume you. And now, take off your ornaments from you, that I may know what I will do to you.
  • And the LORD said to Moses: Say to the Israelites, You are a stiff-necked people; if for a moment I go up in your midst, I will consume you. And now, take off your ornaments from upon you, that I may know what I will do to you.
6 And the Israelites stripped themselves of their ornaments from Mount Horeb onward.

Exo.33.6 - Details

Original Text

ויתנצלו בני־ ישראל את־ עדים מהר חורב׃

Morphology

  • ויתנצלו: VERB,hitpael,impf,3,m,pl
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • עדים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • מהר: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
  • חורב: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Gen.35.4 (verbal): Jacob’s household hands over 'strange gods' and earrings and Jacob buries them—directly parallels removal of ornaments/earrings tied to idolatry at Horeb.
  • Hosea.2.13 (thematic): God condemns Israel for decking herself with earrings and other ornaments in connection with Baal-worship; ornaments function as symbols of idolatrous unfaithfulness and are judged/removed.
  • Isaiah.3.18-24 (thematic): Oracle describing the taking away of women's finery (tinkling ornaments, bracelets, veils) as part of divine judgment—echoes motif of stripping adornment in humiliation/condemnation.
  • Ezekiel.16.12-14 (allusion): God recounts adorning Jerusalem with jewelry and fine apparel and then later punishing her for whoring—parallels the association of ornaments with covenant unfaithfulness and their removal.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the Israelites stripped themselves of their ornaments from Mount Horeb onward.
  • So the Israelites stripped themselves of their ornaments from Mount Horeb onward.

And the people saw that Moses delayed to come down from the mountain, and the people assembled against Aaron and said to him: Rise, make for us gods who shall go before us; for this Moses, the man who brought us up from the land of Egypt—we do not know what has happened to him. And Aaron said to them: Take off the gold rings that are in the ears of your wives, your sons, and your daughters, and bring them to me. And all the people took off the gold rings that were in their ears and brought them to Aaron. And he took it from their hand and fashioned it with a graving tool and made it into a calf, a cast image; and they said: These are your gods, Israel, who brought you up from the land of Egypt. And Aaron saw, and he built an altar before it, and Aaron proclaimed and said: A festival to the LORD tomorrow. And they rose early on the next day and offered burnt offerings and brought peace offerings; and the people sat down to eat and drink, and they rose up to revel. And the LORD spoke to Moses: Go, descend, for your people, whom you brought up from the land of Egypt, have corrupted themselves.

They have turned aside quickly from the way that I commanded them; they have made for themselves a calf, a cast image, and have bowed down to it and sacrificed to it and said: These are your gods, Israel, who brought you up from the land of Egypt. And the LORD said to Moses: I have seen this people, and behold, it is a stiff-necked people. And now, let me alone, that my anger may burn against them and I may consume them; and I will make you into a great nation. But Moses implored the LORD his God and said: Why, O LORD, should your anger burn against your people, whom you brought out from the land of Egypt with great power and with a mighty hand?

Why should the Egyptians say, saying: With evil intent he brought them out, to kill them in the mountains and to wipe them from upon the face of the earth? Turn from the fierceness of your anger, and relent of the disaster against your people.

Remember Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, your servants, to whom you swore by yourself, and you spoke to them: I will multiply your seed like the stars of the heavens, and all this land of which I have spoken I will give to your seed, and they shall inherit it forever. And the LORD relented concerning the disaster that he had spoken to do to his people. And Moses turned and went down from the mountain, with the two tablets of the testimony in his hand—tablets written on both sides; on this side and on that side they were written. And the tablets were the work of God, and the writing was the writing of God, engraved on the tablets. And Joshua heard the noise of the people as they shouted, and he said to Moses: The sound of war is in the camp. And he said: It is not the sound of shouting for victory, and it is not the sound of shouting for defeat; the sound of singing is what I hear. And it came to pass, as he drew near to the camp, that he saw the calf and the dancing, and Moses’ anger burned hot, and he threw the tablets from his hands and shattered them at the foot of the mountain. And he took the calf that they had made, and burned it with fire, and ground it to powder until it was fine, and scattered it upon the surface of the water, and made the Israelites drink it. And Moses said to Aaron: What did this people do to you, that you have brought upon them so great a sin? And Aaron said: Let not the anger of my lord burn; you know the people, that they are bent on evil. And they said to me: Make for us gods who shall go before us; for this Moses, the man who brought us up from the land of Egypt—we do not know what has happened to him. And I said to them: Whoever has gold, take it off; and they gave it to me, and I threw it into the fire, and this calf came out. And Moses saw that the people had broken loose, for Aaron had let them break loose, to the derision of their adversaries. And Moses stood in the gate of the camp and said: Who is for the LORD? To me! And all the sons of Levi gathered to him. And he said to them: Thus says the LORD, the God of Israel: Let each man put his sword on his thigh; pass through and return from gate to gate in the camp, and let each man kill his brother, and each his companion, and each his neighbor. And the sons of Levi did according to the word of Moses, and there fell of the people that day about three thousand men. And Moses said: Consecrate yourselves today to the LORD—even each against his son and against his brother—that He may bestow upon you today a blessing. And it came to pass on the next day that Moses said to the people: You have sinned a great sin; and now I will go up to the LORD—perhaps I can make atonement for your sin. And Moses returned to the LORD and said: Alas, this people has sinned a great sin, and they have made for themselves gods of gold. And now, if you will bear their sin—but if not, blot me, I pray, out of your book that you have written. And the LORD said to Moses: Whoever has sinned against me, him I will blot out of my book. And now, go, lead the people to the place of which I spoke to you. Behold, my angel shall go before you; nevertheless, in the day when I punish, I will punish them for their sin. And the LORD struck the people, because they made the calf that Aaron made. And the LORD spoke to Moses: Go, go up from here, you and the people whom you brought up from the land of Egypt, to the land that I swore to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, saying: To your seed I will give it. And I will send an angel before you, and I will drive out the Canaanite, the Amorite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite.

To a land flowing with milk and honey; for I will not go up in your midst, for you are a stiff-necked people, lest I consume you on the way. And when the people heard this evil word, they mourned, and no man put his ornaments on himself. And the LORD said to Moses: Say to the Israelites: You are a stiff-necked people. If for one moment I were to go up in your midst, I would consume you. Now take off your ornaments from yourselves, and I will know what I will do to you. And the Israelites stripped themselves of their ornaments from Mount Horeb onward.