The Remnant and the Fall of Assyria
Isaiah 10:20-34
Isa.10.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- ביום: PREP
- ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
- לא: PART_NEG
- יוסיף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עוד: ADV
- שאר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ופליטת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יעקב: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- להשען: VERB,hitpael,inf
- על: PREP
- מכהו: NOUN,f,sg,suff
- ונשען: VERB,hitpael,imperfect,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- קדוש: ADJ,m,sg
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- באמת: ADV
Parallels
- Isaiah 10:21 (structural): Immediate continuation: reiterates the remnant/house of Jacob turning to the 'Mighty God'—same theme of Israel's survivors relying on Yahweh rather than human powers.
- Isaiah 1:9 (thematic): Speaks of a surviving remnant preserved by the LORD ('If the LORD had not left us a few survivors…'), connecting the motif of a remnant kept for God's purposes.
- Isaiah 31:1–3 (thematic): Contrasts reliance on human military strength (horses, chariots, Egypt) with trusting in the LORD—parallels the refusal to 'lean on' the one who struck them and the turn to God.
- Psalm 118:8 (verbal): Declares it is better to take refuge in the LORD than to trust in man, echoing the verse's shift from trusting human help to relying on God.
- Jeremiah 17:7–8 (allusion): Contrasts the curse on those who trust in man with the blessing of those who trust in the LORD; imagery of stability and flourishing parallels the remnant’s trust in 'the Holy One of Israel.'
Alternative generated candidates
- In that day the remnant of Israel and the survivors of the house of Jacob will no longer rely on the one who struck them; they will truly rely on the LORD, the Holy One of Israel.
- On that day the remnant of Israel and the survivors of the house of Jacob will no longer rely on the one who struck them; they will rely on the LORD, the Holy One of Israel, in truth.
Isa.10.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- שאר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישוב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- שאר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יעקב: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- אל: NEG
- גבור: ADJ,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 10:20 (structural): Immediate context: declares that in that day the remnant of Israel will return — sets up v.21’s statement about the remnant of Jacob returning to the Mighty God.
- Isaiah 1:9 (verbal): Uses the language of a surviving remnant ('if the LORD had not left us a few survivors')—similar theological motif of preservation of a faithful remnant.
- Micah 2:12 (thematic): Speaks of God gathering 'the remnant of Israel,' paralleling the theme of a preserved remainder returning to God.
- Romans 9:27 (quotation): Paul (citing Isaiah) affirms that though Israel be numerous, only a remnant will be saved—directly echoing Isaiah’s remnant motif.
- Romans 11:5 (allusion): Paul applies the prophetic concept of a 'remnant' to his own time ('a remnant has been chosen by grace'), echoing Isaiah’s idea of a preserved remnant returning to God.
Alternative generated candidates
- A remnant will return—the remnant of Jacob—to the mighty God.
- The remnant will return—the remnant of Jacob—to the Mighty God.
Isa.10.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- אם: CONJ
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עמך: NOUN,m,sg,suff-2m
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כחול: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
- שאר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישוב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- כליון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חרוץ: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- שוטף: VERB,qal,ptc,m,sg
- צדקה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 10:21 (structural): Immediate context: verse 21 introduces the 'remnant of Israel' returning to God, which verse 22 then qualifies despite Israel's great numbers.
- Isaiah 1:9 (thematic): Speaks of a small remnant preserved after judgment ('Except the LORD of hosts had left unto us a very small remnant'), echoing the theme of a surviving remnant amid destruction.
- Hosea 1:10 (verbal): Uses the same simile ('like the sand of the sea') for Israel's multitude; Isaiah 10:22 echoes this imagery while limiting ultimate restoration to a remnant.
- Romans 9:27 (quotation): Paul explicitly cites Isaiah's language about Israel's numbers and a surviving remnant ('Though the number of the children of Israel be as the sand of the sea, a remnant shall be saved'), directly echoing Isa.10:22.
- Jeremiah 23:3 (thematic): Promises that God will gather the remnant of his flock from the lands where they were dispersed—parallel theme of a preserved remnant after judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- For though your people Israel be like the sand of the sea, only a remnant of them will return; destruction has been decreed and will overflow with righteousness.
- For though your people Israel be like the sand of the sea, only a remnant of them will return; a decisive purge has been decreed—an overflowing of righteousness.
Isa.10.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- כלה: ADV
- ונחרצה: VERB,niphal,perf,3,f,sg
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בקרב: PREP
- כל: DET
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Nahum 1:9 (verbal): Uses virtually the same idea and phrasing of God making an 'utter end' (cutting off) — a decisive, final act of judgment.
- Zephaniah 1:2-3 (verbal): Declares that the LORD will 'utterly consume' all things from the land—language of complete destruction parallel to 'make an end' over the earth.
- Isaiah 13:11 (thematic): Speaks of the day of the LORD when God punishes the world and lays low the proud—a theme of decisive, universal divine judgment like Isa. 10:23.
- Isaiah 34:2-3 (thematic): Portrays the LORD's vengeance against all nations and desolation of the earth—another passage emphasizing a determined, worldwide act of God's judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- For the LORD GOD of hosts will bring the matter to an end and a decisive consummation he will do throughout the whole land.
- For the LORD God of hosts has purposed, and what he has resolved will be accomplished throughout the whole land.
Isa.10.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לכן: ADV
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אל: NEG
- תירא: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- עמי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1s
- ישב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ציון: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- מאשור: PREP+NOUN,prop,sg,m
- בשבט: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יככה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ומטהו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3m
- ישא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עליך: PREP+2ms
- בדרך: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 10:5 (verbal): Assyria is explicitly called the 'rod' of God's anger—same imagery of Assyria as an instrument that strikes Israel (paralleling 'the Assyrian... will strike you with a rod').
- Isaiah 10:12 (thematic): God declares he will punish the king of Assyria for his pride after using him as discipline—assurance that the Assyrian threat is ultimately judged, corresponding to the admonition 'do not fear.'
- Isaiah 10:27 (thematic): Speaks of the removal of the Assyrian yoke and the breaking of his burden from Israel's shoulder—complements the promise that Zion's inhabitants need not fear the Assyrian blows.
- Isaiah 37:33-36 (structural): In the Hezekiah/Sennacherib episode God promises to defend Jerusalem and miraculously destroys the Assyrian army—an enacted fulfillment of the consolation given in 10:24 against the Assyrian threat.
- Exodus 1:11-14 (allusion): Describes Egyptian oppression and harsh labor inflicted on Israel—helps explain the phrase 'in the way of Egypt' (the Assyrian will treat you as Egypt did), linking Assyrian blows to earlier Egyptian affliction.
Alternative generated candidates
- Therefore thus says the LORD GOD of hosts: Do not fear, O my people who dwell in Zion; when the Assyrian strikes you with the rod and lifts up his staff against you as in the day of Egypt,
- Therefore thus says the LORD God of hosts: Do not fear, O my people who dwell in Zion; though he strike you with a rod and lift up his staff against you, he will be carried off by the way of Egypt.
Isa.10.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- עוד: ADV
- מעט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מזער: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- וכלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- זעם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואפי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1s
- על: PREP
- תבליתם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3mp
Parallels
- Isaiah 26:20 (thematic): Both verses depict God's indignation as limited in duration — the faithful are told to await the end of wrath until it is 'overpast.'
- Isaiah 54:7-8 (verbal): Uses the phrase of a 'small moment' or brief forsaking and immediately links it to the cessation of anger and the outpouring of mercy, closely echoing the temporal contrast in Isa 10:25.
- Psalm 103:8-9 (thematic): Affirms the same theological point that the LORD is slow to anger and 'will not keep his anger for ever,' paralleling the idea that divine wrath is temporary.
- Lamentations 3:31-33 (thematic): Speaks of God's discipline as merciful and not final — though he causes grief, he relents and has compassion, echoing the temporary nature of anger in Isa 10:25.
Alternative generated candidates
- yet only a little while—very little—and the indignation will cease, and my anger for their destruction will be spent.
- For a little while—very little— and the fury will cease; my wrath against their ruin will come to an end.
Isa.10.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ועורר: VERB,piel,impf,3,m,sg
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- שוט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כמכת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cs
- מדין: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בצור: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עורב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ומטהו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
- ונשאו: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- בדרך: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- Judges 7:22 (allusion): Isaiah's reference to the 'slaughter of Midian' echoes Gideon's rout in Judges — the sudden panic and pursuit of Midianite forces (the event Isaiah invokes as a model for God's judgment).
- Judges 7:24-25 (verbal): The mention of 'Oreb' in Isaiah 10:26 directly echoes the Judges account where the Midianite commanders Oreb and Zeeb are captured/killed at rock sites, a concrete verbal allusion.
- Exodus 14:26-28 (allusion): Isaiah's phrase 'as in the days of Egypt' alludes to the drowning of the Egyptians at the Red Sea — God overturning enemies by acting over the sea, the archetypal deliverance-judgment scene.
- Psalm 77:16-20 (thematic): This psalm recalls God's mighty deeds at the sea and rivers in the Exodus tradition; thematically it parallels Isaiah's image of God wielding his rod over the sea to defeat foes.
- Isaiah 10:5 (structural): Earlier in the chapter Assyria is described as 'the rod of my anger' — Isaiah 10:26 completes the theme by depicting God stirring up judgment (the rod) against the Assyrian oppressor.
Alternative generated candidates
- The LORD of hosts will stir up against him a scourge, like the striking at Oreb in the overthrow of Midian; he will lift up his rod over the sea and carry him away—he will go along the road to Egypt.
- The LORD God of hosts will rouse against him a scourge—like the slaughter of Midian at the rock of Oreb; and his rod will be thrust into the sea, and he will be carried off by the way of Egypt.
Isa.10.27 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- ביום: PREP
- ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
- יסור: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- סבלו: NOUN,m,sg,poss3ms
- מעל: PREP
- שכמך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
- ועלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- מעל: PREP
- צוארך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+2ms_suff
- וחבל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- מפני: PREP
- שמן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 9:3-4 (verbal): Uses the same imagery of breaking the yoke and removing the burden from the people; closely parallels Isaiah's language of deliverance from oppression.
- Isaiah 58:6 (thematic): Speaks of God's chosen fast to 'loose the bonds of wickedness' and 'undo heavy burdens,' echoing the theme of divine removal of oppression and yoke.
- Matthew 11:28-30 (allusion): Jesus' invitation to take his yoke and find rest echoes and reframes the biblical motif of burdens and yokes being removed or transformed through God's saving action.
- Galatians 5:1 (allusion): Paul's declaration of freedom from the 'yoke of bondage' reflects the Isaiah motif of liberation from an oppressive yoke, applied to freedom from the law.
Alternative generated candidates
- In that day his burden will be taken from off your shoulder and his yoke from off your neck; the yoke will be broken because of your abundance.
- On that day his burden will be taken from your shoulder and his yoke from your neck; the yoke will be broken because of the anointing.
Isa.10.28 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- עית: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- במגרון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- למכמש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יפקיד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- כליו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3ms
Parallels
- Isaiah 36:2 (structural): Same book recounts the Assyrian advance on Judah (Sennacherib’s campaign); both passages narrate the enemy’s movement toward Jerusalem and serve as parallel accounts of the invasion.
- 2 Kings 18:13 (structural): Historical parallel in the Deuteronomistic history describing Sennacherib’s coming up against Judah and capture of fortified cities—corresponds to Isaiah’s listing of places the army passes through.
- 2 Chronicles 32:1 (thematic): Chronicles’ account of Sennacherib’s invasion of Judah (Hezekiah’s reign) parallels Isaiah’s depiction of the enemy’s march and encampments.
- 1 Samuel 14:4 (verbal): Michmash (and nearby passes) appears in the Saul/Jonathan narrative; the shared place-name and mountain-pass imagery link Isaiah’s description of troop movements to earlier battlefield geography in Samuel.
- Nahum 2:3–4 (thematic): Uses vivid military-movement imagery (chariots, horses, advance through passes) comparable to Isaiah’s catalogue of the enemy’s progress through particular passes and encampments.
Alternative generated candidates
- He came to Aiath and passed by Migron; at Michmash he stationed his baggage.
- He comes to Ai; he passes by Migron; at Michmash he lays up his baggage.
Isa.10.29 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- עברו: VERB,qal,imp,2,pl
- מעברה: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- גבע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלון: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לנו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
- חרדה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הרמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- גבעת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- שאול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נסה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Isaiah 36:1-2 (structural): Same Assyrian campaign against Judah; the passage situates the invasion and the commanders who press toward Jerusalem, paralleling Isaiah 10’s catalogue of towns overrun and the advance toward the hill country.
- 2 Kings 18:13 (structural): Historical royal annal of Sennacherib’s invasion of Judah (Hezekiah’s day); provides the narrative backdrop for Isaiah 10’s list of towns and the Assyrian advance.
- 2 Chronicles 32:21 (thematic): Describes the Lord’s intervention against the Assyrian host and the collapse of their campaign; thematically parallels Isaiah’s depiction of towns thrown into panic and the eventual overthrow of the invaders.
- Jeremiah 31:15 (thematic): Ramah is invoked elsewhere as a place of mourning and exile (Rachel weeping at Ramah); Isaiah’s image of Ramah trembling/flight echoes the motif of sorrow and displacement associated with that town.
- Judges 19:11 (allusion): Gibeah appears elsewhere as a town marked by crisis and flight (the Levite’s story and its aftermath); Isaiah’s mention of Gibeah (Gibeah of Saul) resonates with the city’s established identity as a site of violent disruption and communal collapse.
Alternative generated candidates
- They crossed the pass to Geba; Ramah trembled; Gibeah of Saul fled.
- They pass on to Geba; Ramah cries aloud; Gibeah of Benjamin is in flight.
Isa.10.30 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- צהלי: VERB,qal,imp,2,f,sg
- קולך: NOUN,m,sg,suf
- בת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- גלים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- הקשיבי: VERB,hiph,imp,2,f,sg
- לישה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עניה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- ענתות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- Zephaniah 3:14 (thematic): A direct call for the city/community to sing and shout ('Sing, O daughter of Zion; shout, O Israel!'), paralleling Isaiah's exhortation to towns to raise their voices.
- Zechariah 9:9 (verbal): Uses the same celebratory imperative language addressed to a 'daughter' of a city ('Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion; shout'), echoing the motif of public vocal rejoicing found in Isa. 10:30.
- Isaiah 52:9 (thematic): Another Isaianic passage calling for a burst of communal sound ('Break forth into joy, sing together')—paralleling the prophetic pattern of summoning cities to shout and sing.
- Lamentations 2:15 (structural): Portrays public vocal responses to a city's fate ('they clap the hands at you; they hiss and wag their head'), offering a complementary perspective on cities being the objects and sources of audible proclamation in prophetic and lament contexts.
Alternative generated candidates
- Shout aloud, O daughters of Gallim; give ear, O Laish; Anathoth echoes with lamentation.
- Raise your voice, O daughter of Gallim; give ear, Laish; Anathoth utters its lament.
Isa.10.31 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- נדדה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- מדמנה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ישבי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- הגבים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- העיזו: VERB,hif,perf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- 2 Kings 17:9 (verbal): Mentions worship and activity 'in the high places' (ישבי הגבים); echoes the motif of inhabitants of high places who presume or act defiantly.
- Nahum 3:7-8 (verbal): Describes the panic and rout of a city (Nineveh) — 'all who look at you flee from you' — paralleling the image of trembling/fleeing inhabitants before an invading force.
- Zephaniah 2:13-15 (thematic): Pronounces judgment on Assyria/Nineveh and their humiliation; shares the prophetic theme of divine overthrow of proud northern powers and desolation of their cities.
- Psalm 46:6-7 (thematic): Speaks of nations in uproar and kingdoms tottering before God's voice—similar imagery of tumult among peoples and divine control over invading forces.
- 2 Kings 19:35 (thematic): Narrates the sudden removal of the Assyrian threat by divine intervention (the slaughter of the Assyrian host), paralleling Isaiah's theme of the Assyrian's rout and the deliverance of Judah.
Alternative generated candidates
- The inhabitants of Gibeon are seized with panic; the dwellers on the heights are terrified.
- From the watchtower the inhabitants of the heights have fled; the bold have been put to flight.
Isa.10.32 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- עוד: ADV
- היום: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בנב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,prop
- לעמד: VERB,qal,inf
- ינפף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ידו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- הר: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- ציון: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- גבעת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 10:33-34 (structural): Immediate context/continuation: the oracle proceeds to describe how the hand lifted against the mountain of Zion will be judged and the Assyrian will be cut down—directly develops the same scene.
- Isaiah 37:33-36 (thematic): Parallel narrative of an Assyrian threat against Jerusalem and divine intervention that strikes the Assyrian host—echoes the motif of an enemy raised against Zion and God’s decisive action.
- 2 Kings 19:32-36 (thematic): Royal/chronicle parallel to Isaiah 37: account of Sennacherib’s campaign and miraculous defeat of his army; corresponds to the theme of an armed hand poised against Jerusalem and its overthrow.
- Zechariah 14:1-2 (thematic): Prophetic 'day of the LORD' motif where nations are gathered against Jerusalem—shares the image of a day when hostile forces are raised against the city (though with an eschatological focus).
Alternative generated candidates
- Yet in that day he will raise a signal against the stronghold of the daughter of Zion; he will wave his hand against the hill of Jerusalem.
- Behold, today he will halt at Nob; he will shake his hand against the mountain of the daughter of Zion, the hill of Jerusalem.
Isa.10.33 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הנה: PART
- האדון: NOUN,m,sg,def
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מסעף: VERB,piel,ptc,3,m,sg
- פארה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- במערצה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ורמי: CONJ+ADJ,m,pl,abs
- הקומה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- גדועים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- והגבהים: CONJ+ADJ,m,pl,def
- ישפלו: VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Isaiah 2:11-17 (thematic): God's judgment brings down the proud and lofty; imagery of the high being humbled echoes Isa.10:33's theme of abasement of the exalted.
- Psalm 75:6-7 (verbal): Declares that promotion and humiliation come from God—'He puts down one, and exalts another'—paralleling the divine act of bringing the high low.
- Ezekiel 31:3-9 (allusion): Uses the image of a great cedar/forest made lofty and then cut down—similar tree/height imagery for nations or the proud being felled by God.
- Daniel 4:34-37 (thematic): Narrates God's humiliation of proud rulers (Nebuchadnezzar) and his sovereignty over heights and humbling, resonating with Isa.10:33's message of the lofty brought low.
Alternative generated candidates
- Behold, the LORD, the LORD of hosts, will lop off the bough with terror; the lofty tree will be felled, and the high ones will be humbled.
- Behold, the LORD God of hosts will lop the boughs with terror; the lofty will be felled, and the high ones humbled.
Isa.10.34 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ונקף: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- סבכי: NOUN,m,pl,const
- היער: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בברזל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- והלבנון: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- באדיר: PREP+ADJ,m,sg,abs
- יפול: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Psalm 29:5 (verbal): Uses the same image of Yahweh's voice/act breaking the cedars of Lebanon—divine power bringing down Lebanon's trees, paralleling 'Lebanon will fall.'
- Ezekiel 31:3-9 (thematic): Portrays a mighty cedar of Lebanon (and Assyria likened to it) that is brought low—echoes the theme of great trees/Lebanon felled as a sign of divine judgment.
- Zechariah 11:2 (verbal): The lament 'the cedar has fallen' explicitly evokes the fall of Lebanon's cedar as the result of judgment—directly parallel to the collapse of Lebanon in Isaiah 10:34.
- Nahum 1:4 (thematic): Speaks of God's power to rebuke and dry up forces, causing Bashan, Carmel and the blossoms of Lebanon to wither—another passage where Lebanon's strength is undone by divine might.
Alternative generated candidates
- He will cut down the thickets of the forest with an iron axe; Lebanon will fall before the Mighty One.
- He will cut down the thickets of the forest with iron, and Lebanon by the Mighty One will fall.
On that day the remnant of Israel and the survivors of the house of Jacob will no longer lean on the one who struck them; they will lean in truth on the LORD, the Holy One of Israel.
A remnant will return — the remnant of Jacob — to the mighty God.
For though your people, O Israel, be like the sand of the sea, only a remnant of them will return; a decided ruin is decreed — a sweeping consummation.
For the LORD God of hosts will bring it to an end; a determined cutting-off he has wrought in the midst of the whole land.
Therefore thus says the LORD God of hosts: Do not fear, my people who dwell in Zion; do not be dismayed at the Assyrian when he strikes you with the rod and lifts up his staff against you in the manner of Egypt.
For a little while yet — then the indignation will cease, and my burning anger at their ruin will be spent. And the LORD of hosts will arouse against him a scourge, like the strike of Midian at the rock of Oreb; and as his rod was over the sea, so shall he lift it up in the way of Egypt.
On that day his burden will be taken from off your shoulder and his yoke from off your neck; the yoke will be broken because of the anointing.
He came to Aiath, he passed through Migron; at Michmash he laid up his baggage.
They crossed the pass and lodged at Geba; Ramah trembles, Gibeah of Saul has fled.
Cry aloud, O daughter of Gallim; give ear, Laish; O poor Anathoth — raise your voice.
Madmenah has fled; the inhabitants of Gibeon have fled; the dwellers of Gibeah have taken to flight.
This day he will halt at Nob; he will shake his hand against the mount of the daughter of Zion, the hill of Jerusalem.
Behold, the LORD God of hosts will lop off the bough with terror; the tall and the proud will be felled, and the lofty will be humbled.
He will hew down the thickets of the forest with iron, and Lebanon shall fall by the hand of the Mighty One.