Lord of the Sabbath and a Sabbath Healing
Luke 6:1-11
Luke.6.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Εγενετο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- δε: CONJ
- εν: PREP
- σαββατω: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- διαπορευεσθαι: VERB,pres,mid,inf
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- δια: PREP
- σποριμων: NOUN,gen,pl,n
- και: CONJ
- ετιλλον: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,pl
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- μαθηται: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- ησθιον: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,pl
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- σταχυας: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- ψωχοντες: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,pl,m
- ταις: ART,dat,pl,f
- χερσιν: NOUN,dat,pl,f
Parallels
- Matthew 12:1-8 (verbal): Direct parallel account of Jesus' disciples plucking grain on the Sabbath; Matthew records the same incident and Jesus' subsequent defense (including the David and mercy motifs).
- Mark 2:23-28 (verbal): Another close parallel narrative of the same event—disciples plucking grain on the Sabbath—and Jesus' argument about the Sabbath's purpose ("The Sabbath was made for man...").
- 1 Samuel 21:1-6 (quotation): David's eating of the consecrated bread when hungry is later cited by Jesus in his defense (in the parallel passages) as a precedent that human need can supersede ritual restrictions.
- Deuteronomy 23:25 (thematic): Legal background permitting someone to pluck and eat grain by hand in a neighbor's field; provides cultural/legislative context for the permissibility of plucking heads of grain (though not addressing Sabbath observance).
Alternative generated candidates
- And it came about on a Sabbath, as he was passing through the grainfields, that his disciples plucked and ate some heads of grain, rubbing them in their hands.
- And it came to pass on a Sabbath, as he was passing through the grainfields, that his disciples plucked the heads of grain, rubbing them in their hands and eating.
Luke.6.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- τινες: PRON,nom,pl,m
- δε: CONJ
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- Φαρισαιων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- ειπαν·Τι: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- ποιειτε: VERB,pres,act,imp,2,pl
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- ουκ: PART,neg
- εξεστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- τοις: ART,dat,pl,n
- σαββασιν: NOUN,dat,pl,n
Parallels
- Matthew 12:2 (verbal): Direct Gospel parallel: Pharisees question Jesus about his disciples doing what is not lawful on the Sabbath while they pluck grain.
- Mark 2:24 (verbal): Synoptic cognate of the same episode: Pharisees ask why the disciples are breaking the Sabbath by plucking heads of grain.
- Luke 14:3 (thematic): Another Lucan instance where Pharisees question the lawfulness of Jesus' actions on the Sabbath (healing), showing the recurring Sabbath controversy motif.
- John 5:16 (thematic): Jewish leaders oppose Jesus because he heals on the Sabbath; reflects similar hostility and concern for Sabbath regulation as in Luke 6:2.
- Exodus 20:10 (structural): The Fourth Commandment's prohibition of work on the Sabbath provides the Torah background for the Pharisees' accusation that certain actions are 'not lawful' on the Sabbath.
Alternative generated candidates
- But some of the Pharisees said to them, 'Why are you doing what is not lawful to do on the Sabbath?'
- But some of the Pharisees said, 'Why do you what is not lawful to do on the Sabbath?'
Luke.6.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- αποκριθεις: VERB,aor,pass,ptc,nom,sg,m
- προς: PREP
- αυτους: PRON,acc,pl,m
- ειπεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- Ιησους·Ουδε: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- τουτο: PRON,nom,sg,n
- ανεγνωτε: VERB,aor,act,ind,2,pl
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- εποιησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- Δαυιδ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- οποτε: CONJ
- επεινασεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτος: PRON,nom,sg,3,m
- και: CONJ
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- μετ᾽αυτου: PREP+PRON,gen,sg,m
- οντες: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,pl,m
Parallels
- Matthew 12:3-4 (verbal): Near-verbatim synoptic parallel—Jesus uses the same David example to defend his disciples' actions on the Sabbath.
- Mark 2:25-26 (verbal): Synoptic parallel with essentially the same wording and argument about David eating the consecrated bread when hungry.
- 1 Samuel 21:1-6 (allusion): The narrative source Jesus invokes: David and his men eat the bread of the Presence (showbread) when hungry, which Jesus cites as precedent.
- Leviticus 24:5-9 (thematic): Law describing the showbread ('bread of the Presence') and its priestly use; provides the cultic background that makes David's action notable.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Jesus, answering, said to them, 'Have you not read what David did when he was hungry—he and those who were with him—
- And Jesus answered them, 'Have you not read what David did when he and those with him were hungry?'
Luke.6.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ως: ADV
- εισηλθεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- εις: PREP
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- οικον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- αρτους: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- προθεσεως: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- λαβων: PART,aor,act,nom,sg,m
- εφαγεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- εδωκεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τοις: ART,dat,pl,n
- μετ᾽αυτου: PREP+PRON,gen,sg,m
- ους: PRON,acc,pl,m
- ουκ: PART,neg
- εξεστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- φαγειν: VERB,aor,act,inf
- ει: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
- μη: PART
- μονους: ADJ,acc,pl,m
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- ιερεις: NOUN,nom,pl,m
Parallels
- 1 Samuel 21:1-6 (allusion): The David-and-showbread episode (David eats the consecrated bread and gives to his men) is the OT precedent Jesus cites to justify his disciples eating the loaves.
- Mark 2:25-26 (verbal): Synoptic parallel that records Jesus' appeal to David eating the consecrated bread when defending his disciples; closely parallels Luke's account.
- Matthew 12:3-4 (verbal): Another Synoptic parallel recounting the David/showbread example used by Jesus to respond to Sabbath-related criticism.
- Leviticus 24:5-9 (structural): Prescribes the arrangement and offering of the showbread (bread of the Presence) and implies it is for priests—background law that makes David's action notable and explains the controversy.
Alternative generated candidates
- how he entered the house of God and took and ate the bread of the Presence, which is lawful for none to eat but the priests, and gave to those who were with him?'
- How he entered the house of God and took and ate the bread of the Presence, which it is not lawful for any but the priests to eat, and gave it to those with him?'
Luke.6.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- ελεγεν: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτοις·Κυριος: PRON,dat,pl,m + NOUN,nom,sg,m
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- σαββατου: NOUN,gen,sg,n
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- υιος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- ανθρωπου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Mark 2:28 (verbal): Exact parallel statement: Jesus declares 'The Son of Man is lord of the Sabbath' (same wording and occasion in Mark's account).
- Matthew 12:8 (verbal): Matthew records the same claim ('For the Son of Man is Lord of the Sabbath') within a parallel Sabbath dispute narrative. Same verbal tradition.
- Mark 2:27 (thematic): Preceding saying in the Markan Sabbath controversy: 'The Sabbath was made for man, not man for the Sabbath,' which leads directly to the conclusion that the Son of Man has authority over the Sabbath.
- Daniel 7:13-14 (allusion): The title 'Son of Man' and the grant of universal authority in Daniel provide the Old Testament background for Jesus' claim to lordship and authority (theological basis for ruling even over Sabbath norms).
- John 5:17-18 (thematic): Another Sabbath controversy where Jesus' actions/claims (working as the Father works) provoke charges of making himself equal with God — thematically connected to Jesus' assertion of authority over the Sabbath.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he said to them, 'The Son of Man is lord of the Sabbath.'
- And he said to them, 'The Son of Man is lord of the Sabbath.'
Luke.6.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Εγενετο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- δε: CONJ
- εν: PREP
- ετερω: ADJ,dat,sg,m
- σαββατω: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- εισελθειν: VERB,pres,mid,inf
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- εις: PREP
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- συναγωγην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- διδασκειν·και: VERB,pres,act,inf
- ην: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- ανθρωπος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- εκει: ADV
- και: CONJ
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- χειρ: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- δεξια: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- ην: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- ξηρα·: ADJ,nom,sg,f
Parallels
- Mark 3:1-5 (verbal): Nearly identical synoptic account: Jesus enters the synagogue on the Sabbath, encounters a man with a withered hand, and is challenged about healing on the Sabbath; includes the same contest between Jesus and the opponents.
- Matthew 12:9-13 (verbal): Parallel synoptic report of a Sabbath healing in a synagogue: Jesus asks whether it is lawful to heal on the Sabbath, commands the man to stretch out his hand, and heals him—same basic wording and conflict.
- Luke 13:10-17 (thematic): Another Lukan account of Jesus healing in a synagogue on the Sabbath (the woman bent double): reinforces the theme of Sabbath healings provoking debate over Sabbath law and Jesus’ lordship over the Sabbath.
- John 5:1-18 (thematic): A non-synoptic Sabbath healing (the man at Bethesda) that similarly provokes controversy with Jewish leaders about carrying and about Jesus’ authority—parallels the broader theme of Sabbath observance vs. Jesus’ healing ministry.
Alternative generated candidates
- Now on another Sabbath he entered the synagogue and was teaching; and there was a man there whose right hand was withered.
- Now on another Sabbath he entered the synagogue and taught; and there was a man there whose right hand was withered.
Luke.6.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- παρετηρουντο: VERB,impf,mid/pass,ind,3,pl
- δε: CONJ
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- γραμματεις: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- Φαρισαιοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- ει: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
- εν: PREP
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- σαββατω: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- θεραπευει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- ινα: CONJ
- ευρωσιν: VERB,aor,act,sub,3,pl
- κατηγορειν: VERB,pres,act,inf
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Mark 3:2 (verbal): Near-verbatim synoptic parallel: scribes watching Jesus to see if he would heal on the Sabbath so they might accuse him.
- Matthew 12:10 (verbal): Synoptic parallel describing a man with a withered hand and the Pharisees asking if it is lawful to heal on the Sabbath, aiming to accuse Jesus.
- John 5:16 (thematic): After Jesus heals on the Sabbath, the Jews persecute him — thematically parallel concern over healing on the Sabbath provoking hostile reaction.
- Luke 6:1-2 (structural): Immediate Lukan context: disciples pluck grain on the Sabbath and are criticized, setting the same Sabbath-conflict framework for Luke 6:7.
- Luke 13:14 (thematic): Another Lukan episode where a synagogue ruler is indignant that Jesus healed on the Sabbath, echoing the motif of Sabbath healing provoking accusation.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the scribes and the Pharisees watched him, seeking to see whether he would heal on the Sabbath, so that they might find a reason to accuse him.
- The scribes and the Pharisees watched him, to see whether he would heal on the Sabbath, so that they might find an accusation against him.
Luke.6.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- αυτος: PRON,nom,sg,3,m
- δε: CONJ
- ηδει: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- διαλογισμους: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- αυτων: PRON,gen,pl,m
- ειπεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- δε: CONJ
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- ανδρι: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- ξηραν: ADJ,dat,sg,m
- εχοντι: VERB,pres,act,part,dat,m,sg
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- χειρα·Εγειρε: VERB,aor,act,imp,2,sg
- και: CONJ
- στηθι: VERB,pres,act,imp,2,sg
- εις: PREP
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- μεσον·και: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- αναστας: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,sg,m
- εστη: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- Mark 3:1-5 (verbal): Synoptic parallel of the same synagogue healing: Jesus perceives the opposition, addresses the man with the withered hand and the hand is restored (similar setting and miracle).
- Matthew 12:9-13 (structural): Parallel account in Matthew: healing of a withered hand on the Sabbath, Jesus challenges the Pharisees' reasoning and commands the man to stretch out his hand, resulting in restoration.
- Mark 2:8 (thematic): Earlier instance where Jesus 'perceived in his spirit' the thoughts of those around him (their reasoning), showing the recurring motif of Jesus' insight into inner thoughts.
- John 2:24-25 (thematic): Explicit statement that Jesus knew all people and knew what was in man — a Johannine affirmation of Jesus' knowledge of hearts, paralleling Luke's 'he knew their thoughts.'
- Hebrews 4:12-13 (thematic): Theological parallel about God's (and by extension Christ's) ability to discern thoughts and intentions of the heart, providing a doctrinal backdrop for Jesus' awareness of inward thoughts.
Alternative generated candidates
- But he knew their thoughts; and he said to the man with the withered hand, 'Come and stand here.' And he rose and stood.
- But he knew their thoughts; and he said to the man who had the withered hand, 'Come forward.'
Luke.6.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ειπεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- δε: CONJ
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- Ιησους: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- προς: PREP
- αυτους·Επερωτω: PRON,acc,pl,m + VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- υμας: PRON,acc,pl,2
- ει: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
- εξεστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- σαββατω: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- αγαθοποιησαι: VERB,aor,act,inf
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- κακοποιησαι: VERB,aor,act,inf
- ψυχην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- σωσαι: VERB,aor,act,inf
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- απολεσαι: VERB,aor,act,inf
Parallels
- Mark 3:4 (verbal): Nearly identical saying of Jesus asking whether it is lawful on the Sabbath to do good or evil, to save life or to kill; a close synoptic parallel.
- Matthew 12:11–12 (allusion): Jesus uses a related argument about rescuing a sheep on the Sabbath to defend doing good on the Sabbath and concludes it is lawful to do good (heal) on the Sabbath.
- Luke 14:3 (thematic): Jesus confronts opponents about healing on the Sabbath with the question 'Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath?'—the same Sabbath‑lawfulness issue raised in Luke 6:9.
- Mark 2:27–28 (thematic): Statement of the principle that 'the Sabbath was made for man, not man for the Sabbath,' which undergirds Jesus' argument that doing good (saving life) is lawful on the Sabbath.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then Jesus said to them, 'I ask you: is it lawful on the Sabbath to do good or to do harm, to save life or to destroy it?'
- And he said to them, 'I ask you: is it lawful on the Sabbath to do good or to do harm, to save life or to destroy?'
Luke.6.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- περιβλεψαμενος: PART,aor,mid,nom,sg,m
- παντας: ADJ,acc,pl,m
- αυτους: PRON,acc,pl,m
- ειπεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτω·Εκτεινον: PRON,dat,sg,m+VERB,aor,act,imp,2,sg
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- χειρα: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- σου·ο: PRON,gen,sg,2+ART,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- εποιησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- απεκατεσταθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- χειρ: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Matthew 12:13 (verbal): Direct Synoptic parallel: Jesus tells the man with the withered hand to 'stretch out your hand' (similar wording) and the hand is restored; same Sabbath-healing context.
- Mark 3:5 (verbal): Parallel account with similar wording and setting; Mark preserves Jesus' scanning of the crowd and then the command to stretch out the hand, resulting in restoration.
- Exodus 4:6-7 (allusion): OT sign-story in which Moses' hand is made diseased and then restored by God — a thematic/typological echo of a hand afflicted and miraculously healed.
- Acts 3:7 (thematic): Peter takes a lame man by the hand and raises him up so he walks — a thematic parallel of restoring a disabled limb and bodily function through apostolic/Jesus healing.
Alternative generated candidates
- After looking round at them all, he said to him, 'Stretch out your hand.' And he did; and his hand was restored.
- Then, looking around at them all, he said to the man, 'Stretch out your hand.' And he did so, and his hand was restored whole.
Luke.6.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- αυτοι: PRON,nom,pl,3
- δε: CONJ
- επλησθησαν: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,pl
- ανοιας: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- διελαλουν: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,pl
- προς: PREP
- αλληλους: PRON,acc,pl,m
- τι: PRON,int,nom,sg,n
- αν: PART
- ποιησαιεν: VERB,aor,act,opt,3,pl
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- Ιησου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Matthew 12:14 (structural): Direct parallel account of the same Sabbath-healing episode; the Pharisees plot against Jesus after he heals on the Sabbath.
- Mark 3:6 (verbal): Parallel narrative to Luke 6:11—Pharisees conspire (with the Herodians) to destroy Jesus following the Sabbath miracle.
- John 11:53 (thematic): After Jesus raises Lazarus, the Jewish leaders begin to plot his death—another instance of escalating hostility and plans against Jesus.
- Luke 22:2 (thematic): Later Lucan report of chief priests and scribes seeking a way to put Jesus to death; shows continuity of conspiratorial opposition in Luke's Gospel.
- Luke 13:14 (thematic): Reaction of indignation by the synagogue ruler to Jesus' healing on the Sabbath; parallels the hostile response and dispute over Sabbath actions.
Alternative generated candidates
- But they were filled with fury and discussed with one another what they might do to Jesus.
- But they were filled with fury and conferred with one another what they might do to Jesus.
On a Sabbath, as he was passing through the grainfields, his disciples plucked the heads of grain, rubbed them in their hands, and ate. But some of the Pharisees said, "Why are you doing what is not lawful on the Sabbath?" And Jesus answered them, "Have you not read what David did when he and those with him were hungry—
how he entered the house of God, took the consecrated bread, which is lawful only for the priests to eat, and ate it, and gave some to those with him?" And he said to them, "The Son of Man is Lord of the Sabbath."
On another Sabbath he entered the synagogue and taught; and there was a man there whose right hand was withered.
They watched him closely—scribes and Pharisees—to see whether he would heal on the Sabbath, so that they might find a charge against him. But he knew their thoughts; and he said to the man with the withered hand, "Stand up and come forward." And he stood up and came forward.
Then Jesus said to them, "I ask you: Is it lawful on the Sabbath to do good or to do harm, to save life or to destroy it?"
After looking around at them all, he said to the man, "Stretch out your hand." He did so, and his hand was restored—sound like the other. But they were filled with fury and conferred with one another what they might do to Jesus.