Hananiah's False Prophecy and Its Rebuke
Jeremiah 28:1-17
Jer.28.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- בשנה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ההיא: DEM,f,sg
- בראשית: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ממלכת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- צדקיה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- בשנה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הרבעית: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- בחדש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cstr
- החמישי: ADJ,m,sg,def
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- חנניה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עזור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הנביא: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- מגבעון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לעיני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,cons
- הכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Jeremiah 27:1 (structural): Same historical framework — both verses introduce prophetic oracles in the early reign of Zedekiah (the broader context for Jeremiah’s message) and establish the timeframe for the confrontation between Jeremiah and other prophets.
- Jeremiah 23:16-17 (thematic): Direct thematic parallel condemning prophets who prophesy ‘peace’ to the people; relates to Hananiah’s public pronouncement of deliverance before priests and the people.
- 1 Kings 22:6-28 (thematic): The Micaiah/false-prophets episode: a true prophet opposed by many false prophets in the presence of the king and court — a narrative pattern similar to the public clash between Jeremiah and Hananiah.
- Deuteronomy 18:20-22 (thematic): Provides the criterion for discerning true versus false prophecy (prophecy that does not come to pass is not from God); this legal/theological standard underlies the judgment of Hananiah’s later predictions.
Alternative generated candidates
- In that year, at the beginning of the reign of Zedekiah king of Judah — in the fourth year, in the fifth month — Hananiah son of Azzur the prophet, who was from Gibeon, stood in the house of the LORD before the priests and all the people and spoke to me, saying:
- In that year, at the beginning of the reign of Zedekiah king of Judah, in the fourth year, in the fifth month, Hananiah son of Azzur the prophet, who was from Gibeon, spoke in the house of the LORD before the priests and all the people, saying:
Jer.28.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- שברתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,common,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- על: PREP
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בבל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Nahum 1:13 (verbal): Uses nearly identical language about breaking the yoke and bursting bonds—God's direct promise to remove an oppressive foreign power (here Assyria) parallels the promise to break Babylon's yoke.
- Isaiah 10:27 (verbal): Speaks of the yoke being removed because of the anointing—same image of divine removal of an oppressive yoke applied to a foreign oppressor.
- Isaiah 14:25 (thematic): Declares that God will break the power of the oppressor in His land; thematically parallels the promise that God will overthrow a conquering king (here, the king of Babylon).
- Jeremiah 27:12–15 (structural): Earlier in the Jeremiah narrative God/prophetic message stresses submission to Babylon and warns against false prophets promising an early release—provides the immediate literary and theological context for the counter‑claim about breaking Babylon’s yoke.
Alternative generated candidates
- Thus says the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: I have broken the yoke of the king of Babylon.
- Thus says the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: I have broken the yoke of the king of Babylon.
Jer.28.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בעוד: PREP
- שנתים: NOUN,f,du,abs
- ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- משיב: VERB,hif,ptc,2,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- המקום: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- כלי: NOUN,m,pl,const
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לקח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- נבוכדנאצר: NOUN,m,sg,abs,prop
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בבל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מן: PREP
- המקום: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- ויביאם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בבל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 24:13 (verbal): Reports that Nebuchadnezzar took away the treasures of the house of the LORD—background fact to Hananiah's claim about vessels carried to Babylon.
- 2 Kings 25:13-17 (verbal): Gives a catalogue of temple furnishings and vessels taken from Jerusalem and carried to Babylon, directly parallel to the objects Hananiah says will be returned.
- 2 Chronicles 36:18-21 (verbal): Describes the exile and the removal of the LORD's temple articles to Babylon, providing the historical context for the prophetic promise of their return.
- Ezra 1:7-11 (thematic): Records Cyrus' decree to return the vessels taken by Nebuchadnezzar to Jerusalem—later historical fulfillment of the promise that the temple vessels would be brought back.
- Jeremiah 28:11 (structural): Jeremiah's direct rebuttal to Hananiah's prophecy in the same episode, predicting a different outcome and highlighting the conflict between true and false prophecy about restoration.
Alternative generated candidates
- Within two years I will return to this place all the vessels of the house of the LORD that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon took away from this place and carried to Babylon.
- Within two years' time I will restore to this place all the vessels of the house of the LORD that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon took from this place and carried to Babylon.
Jer.28.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- יכניה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהויקים: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- גלות: NOUN,f,sg,const
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- הבאים: PART,qal,ptcp,masc,pl,def
- בבלה: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- משיב: VERB,hif,ptc,2,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- המקום: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- אשבר: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- על: PREP
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בבל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 27:22 (quotation): Nearly identical wording—promise to bring back Jeconiah (Jehoiachin) and the exiles because God will break the yoke of the king of Babylon; 28:4 echoes/quotes 27:22.
- Jeremiah 29:10 (thematic): Broader prophetic theme of return from Babylonian exile—God’s promise to bring the captives back after a period of exile.
- Isaiah 45:1 (thematic): God raises Cyrus to subdue Babylon and enable the restoration of exiles—parallels the promise to 'break' Babylon’s power to allow return.
- 2 Kings 25:27-30 (structural): Historical account of Jehoiachin’s release and favorable treatment in Babylon—relates to the fate of Jeconiah mentioned in the prophecy.
- Jeremiah 52:31-34 (structural): Parallel historical notice in Jeremiah’s appendix describing Jehoiachin’s release in Babylon, seen as fulfillment/partial fulfillment of promises about the exiled king.
Alternative generated candidates
- And I will bring back Jeconiah son of Jehoiakim king of Judah, and all the exiles of Judah who went to Babylon — I will restore them to this place, declares the LORD — for I will break the yoke of the king of Babylon.
- And I will bring back to this place Jehoiachin son of Jehoiakim king of Judah and all the exiles of Judah who went to Babylon; for I will break the yoke of the king of Babylon, declares the LORD.
Jer.28.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ירמיה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הנביא: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אל: NEG
- חנניה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- הנביא: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לעיני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,cons
- הכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ולעיני: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,pl,cons
- כל: DET
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- העמדים: VERB,qal,ptc,0,m,pl
- בבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 26:7-9 (structural): Jeremiah speaks in the house of the LORD and faces immediate opposition from priests and people—similar setting of public prophetic confrontation in the temple.
- Jeremiah 20:1-2 (thematic): The priest Pashhur arrests and beats Jeremiah for his prophecies—another episode of conflict between Jeremiah and the temple priesthood.
- 1 Kings 13:1-2 (structural): A ‘man of God’ publicly delivers a prophetic word against altar/official cult practice before witnesses—parallels the motif of a prophet confronting rival religious authority in a public sanctuary setting.
- Ezekiel 13:1-3 (thematic): God’s indictment of false prophets who give misleading assurances to the people echoes the critique and contest between Jeremiah and the rival prophet Hananiah.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then Jeremiah the prophet said to Hananiah the prophet, before the priests and all the people standing in the house of the LORD:
- Then Jeremiah the prophet said to Hananiah the prophet before the priests and all the people standing in the house of the LORD:
Jer.28.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ירמיה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הנביא: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אמן: INTJ
- כן: ADV
- יעשה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- יקם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- דבריך: NOUN,m,pl,abs+2ms
- אשר: PRON,rel
- נבאת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- להשיב: VERB,qal,inf
- כלי: NOUN,m,pl,const
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- הגולה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- מבבל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- המקום: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
Parallels
- Jeremiah 29:10-14 (thematic): Promises of God's future restoration of Israel from Babylonian exile and return to their land echo Jeremiah's hope that exiles will be brought back.
- Jeremiah 25:11-12 (verbal): Earlier Jeremiah prophecy of the duration and purpose of the Babylonian exile (seventy years) provides the larger context for hopes of returning the people and temple vessels.
- 2 Chronicles 36:22-23 (allusion): Record of the decree permitting exiles to return and the temple vessels to be restored — a historical fulfillment resonant with Jeremiah's petition that the Lord accomplish such a return.
- Ezra 1:7-11 (verbal): Lists the return of the vessels of the house of the LORD taken to Babylon, directly reflecting Jeremiah's specific mention of restoring temple vessels.
- Isaiah 44:28 (thematic): Isaiah's naming of Cyrus and his role in rebuilding Jerusalem and the temple parallels the prophetic assurance of eventual restoration from exile.
Alternative generated candidates
- Jeremiah the prophet said, "Amen. May the LORD do so; may the LORD fulfill and confirm the words you have prophesied, to restore the vessels of the house of the LORD and all the exiles from Babylon to this place."
- Amen. So may the LORD do; may the LORD fulfill the words that you have prophesied—to bring back the vessels of the house of the LORD and all the exiles from Babylon to this place.
Jer.28.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אך: PART
- שמע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- נא: PART
- הדבר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אנכי: PRON,1,sg
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- באזניך: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs+2ms
- ובאזני: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs+SUF,1,sg
- כל: DET
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Amos 3:1-2 (verbal): Uses the same formula “Hear this word” addressed to the nation—an oracle announced to Israel; parallels Jeremiah’s call to hear a prophetic word directed to the people.
- Micah 3:1 (verbal): Begins with an imperative to ‘hear’ addressed to leaders and the house of Israel, echoing the motif of a prophet calling both officials and the populace to listen.
- Deuteronomy 4:1 (thematic): An opening admonition ‘now therefore hearken, O Israel’—similar prophetic/legal call to ‘hear’ the instruction offered to the whole community.
- Jeremiah 26:2 (structural): Jeremiah is commanded to stand in the temple court and speak a word to all the cities/people—parallels the setting and the act of addressing all the people with a prophetic message.
- Ezekiel 3:4 (thematic): God commissions the prophet to ‘go to the house of Israel, and speak my words unto them’—a structural/thematic parallel of a prophet delivering God’s word to the people and urging them to hear.
Alternative generated candidates
- But now hear the word that I speak in your hearing and in the hearing of all the people.
- But now hear the word that I speak to you and to all the people.
Jer.28.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הנביאים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- היו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- לפני: PREP
- ולפניך: PREP,2,m,sg
- מן: PREP
- העולם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- וינבאו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- אל: NEG
- ארצות: NOUN,f,pl,const
- רבות: ADJ,f,pl,abs
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- ממלכות: NOUN,f,pl,cs
- גדלות: ADJ,f,pl,abs
- למלחמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ולרעה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ולדבר: VERB,qal,inf
Parallels
- Amos 1:3–2:5 (thematic): Amos contains a series of oracles 'against the nations' (Damascus, Gaza, Tyre, Edom, Ammon, etc.), pronouncing war, destruction and punishments—paralleling Jeremiah's claim that earlier prophets foretold judgment on many countries and great kingdoms.
- Deuteronomy 28:25–28 (thematic): The covenant curses list consequences such as terror in battle, wasting, and various diseases/pestilence; provides the legal-theological background for prophetic warnings of war, disaster and pestilence referenced in Jeremiah 28:8.
- 2 Chronicles 36:15–16 (thematic): Describes how earlier prophets repeatedly warned the people but were mocked and persecuted, after which judgment came—paralleling the notion that prophets of old prophesied calamity against the land and nations.
- Jeremiah 23:25–27 (structural): Within Jeremiah, these verses criticize false prophecy and contrast true prophetic warnings with deceptive messages of peace—directly relevant to the confrontation in chapter 28 about prophets who forecast judgment versus those promising peace.
Alternative generated candidates
- From of old the prophets who were before you and before your time prophesied against many lands and against great kingdoms — for war, and calamity, and plague.
- The prophets who were before you and before me of old prophesied against many lands and against great kingdoms—war, disaster, and pestilence.
Jer.28.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הנביא: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- ינבא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לשלום: PREP
- בבא: PREP+VERB,qal,ptc,3,sg
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הנביא: NOUN,m,sg,def
- יודע: VERB,qal,ptc,ms,sg
- הנביא: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- שלחו: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,pl
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- באמת: ADV
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 18:21-22 (thematic): Gives the canonical test for prophets: if a prophet’s prediction does not come to pass, he is not sent by the LORD—same criterion of verification as Jer 28:9.
- 1 Kings 22:14-23 (thematic): Contrast between the true prophecy of Micaiah and the false prophesies of the other seers; fulfillment (or failure) of a prophet’s word determines his legitimacy, paralleling Jer 28:9.
- Jeremiah 23:21-22 (verbal): In the same prophetic context Jeremiah addresses authentic vs. false prophets, asserting that if a prophet stood in God’s council his word would come to pass—closely echoes the logic of Jer 28:9.
- Matthew 7:15-20 (thematic): Jesus instructs that false prophets are known by their fruits; like Jer 28:9, this prescribes observable outcomes as the standard for discerning true prophets.
Alternative generated candidates
- The prophet who prophesies peace, when the word of the prophet comes to pass, then that prophet is known as one truly sent by the LORD.
- When a prophet prophesies peace, and the thing of the prophet comes to pass, then the prophet is known to be truly sent by the LORD.
Jer.28.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- חנניה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הנביא: NOUN,m,sg,def
- את: PRT,acc
- המוטה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מעל: PREP
- צואר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ירמיה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הנביא: NOUN,m,sg,def
- וישברהו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Jeremiah 27:2-11 (structural): Jeremiah originally made and wore the wooden yoke and commanded bringing yokes on the nations — the narrative background for Hananiah’s act of removing and breaking Jeremiah’s yoke.
- Jeremiah 28:11-17 (structural): Immediate sequel where God rebukes Hananiah for breaking the yoke, announces an iron yoke in place of the broken one, and pronounces judgment on Hananiah.
- Isaiah 10:27 (verbal): Uses the same imagery of a yoke removed from the neck — a prophetic motif of deliverance or removal of oppression that contrasts with Hananiah’s premature breaking of Jeremiah’s yoke.
- Deuteronomy 28:48 (thematic): Speaks of an enemy placing an iron yoke on the neck as a curse/punishment — parallels Jeremiah’s prophecy that an iron yoke will replace the broken wooden one.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Hananiah the prophet took the yoke from off the neck of Jeremiah the prophet and broke it.
- And Hananiah the prophet took the wooden yoke from off the neck of Jeremiah the prophet and broke it.
Jer.28.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- חנניה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לעיני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,cons
- כל: DET
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ככה: ADV
- אשבר: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- על: PREP
- נבכדנאצר: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בבל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בעוד: PREP
- שנתים: NOUN,f,du,abs
- ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מעל: PREP
- צואר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כל: DET
- הגוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- וילך: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- ירמיה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הנביא: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לדרכו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Jeremiah 28:15-17 (structural): Immediate literary counterpart: Jeremiah condemns Hananiah's prophecy and announces Hananiah's death as judgment for falsely claiming deliverance within two years.
- Jeremiah 27:12-15 (thematic): Contrasting true prophecy in the same prophetic context: Jeremiah earlier instructs the nations and their kings to submit to Nebuchadnezzar's yoke, directly opposing Hananiah's claim to break that yoke.
- Deuteronomy 18:20-22 (structural): Legal criterion for distinguishing true and false prophets: if a prophet's word does not come to pass, that prophet has not spoken for the LORD—applies to Hananiah's failed prediction about Nebuchadnezzar.
- 2 Kings 25:8-11 (thematic): Historical outcome undercuts Hananiah's claim: the Babylonian conquest and exile of Jerusalem demonstrate that the yoke of Nebuchadnezzar was not removed as Hananiah predicted.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Hananiah spoke in the sight of all the people, saying, "Thus says the LORD: Even so I will break the yoke of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon from off the neck of all the nations within two years." And Jeremiah the prophet went his way.
- And Hananiah spoke in the presence of all the people, saying, "Thus says the LORD: I will break the yoke of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon off the neck of all the nations within two years' time." And Jeremiah the prophet went his way.
Jer.28.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- ירמיה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחרי: PREP
- שבור: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- חנניה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הנביא: NOUN,m,sg,def
- את: PRT,acc
- המוטה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מעל: PREP
- צואר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ירמיה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הנביא: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Jeremiah 27:2-11 (structural): Jeremiah earlier puts a yoke on his neck and commands submission to Babylon; Hananiah's breaking of the yoke in 28:12 directly contradicts and contests the message given in 27:2–11.
- Jeremiah 28:15-17 (quotation): Immediate prophetic response: Jeremiah announces that Hananiah's prophecy is false and pronounces judgment on him—this passage is the direct sequel and divine corrective to the event described in 28:12.
- Deuteronomy 18:20-22 (thematic): Gives the canonical test for true and false prophecy (if the sign does not come to pass, the prophet has spoken presumptuously), a principle underlying Jeremiah's rejection of Hananiah's optimistic prophecy.
- Ezekiel 13:2-9 (thematic): Ezekiel's denunciation of false prophets who prophesy lies and give the people false assurance parallels the role conflict between Jeremiah and Hananiah and God's judgment on misleading prophecy.
- Isaiah 10:27 (allusion): Uses the motif of a yoke being removed from the neck; contrasts divine removal of oppression (Isaiah) with Hananiah's human act of breaking Jeremiah's yoke, highlighting the issue of who authorizes deliverance.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah after Hananiah the prophet had broken the yoke from off the neck of the prophet Jeremiah, saying:
- Then the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah after Hananiah the prophet had broken the wooden yoke off the neck of Jeremiah the prophet, saying:
Jer.28.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הלוך: VERB,qal,part,3,m,sg
- ואמרת: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- חנניה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מוטת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- עץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שברת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- ועשית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- תחתיהן: PREP+PRON,3,f,pl
- מטות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ברזל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 27:2-11 (verbal): Jeremiah is instructed to make yokes and place them on the necks of nations to signify submission to Nebuchadnezzar—same yoke imagery and the theme of God using a foreign power to discipline nations.
- Jeremiah 28:10-11 (quotation): Immediate narrative parallel: Hananiah publicly breaks the wooden yoke from Jeremiah's neck (the action to which 28:13 responds) and proclaims liberation—28:13 answers that act and its consequences.
- 1 Kings 12:14-15 (thematic): Rehoboam's threat to 'make the yoke heavier' echoes the motif of replacing a lighter burden with a harsher one—parallel in the idea of a wooden yoke being supplanted by an iron yoke.
- Psalm 2:9 (thematic): The image of rule by an 'iron' implement (rod of iron) links iron with harsh, crushing authority; thematically parallels the 'iron yoke' as severe domination.
Alternative generated candidates
- Go and tell Hananiah, saying, "Thus says the LORD: You have broken a wooden yoke — you have broken it — but in its place you have made for yourself iron bars.
- Go and tell Hananiah, Thus says the LORD: You have broken the wooden yoke—now you shall make in its place yokes of iron.
Jer.28.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- ברזל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נתתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- על: PREP
- צואר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כל: DET
- הגוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- האלה: DEM,pl
- לעבד: VERB,qal,inf
- את: PRT,acc
- נבכדנאצר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בבל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ועבדהו: VERB,qal,impv,2,mp,3,ms
- וגם: CONJ
- את: PRT,acc
- חית: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- השדה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- נתתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Jeremiah 27:6 (quotation): A near-identical declaration earlier in Jeremiah: God says he has given all these lands into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar — same divine commission and language.
- Jeremiah 25:9 (quotation): God announces he will summon Nebuchadnezzar, 'my servant,' to punish the nations — establishes Nebuchadnezzar as God's instrument of judgment as in 28:14.
- 2 Chronicles 36:17-20 (verbal): Historical summary using similar wording ('gave them into his hand') describing how God delivered Judah to Nebuchadnezzar and the resulting exile.
- Habakkuk 1:6-7 (thematic): Portrays God raising the Chaldeans as a terrifying instrument of judgment against nations, thematically paralleling Jeremiah's depiction of Babylon's role.
- Daniel 4:17 (thematic): Assertion that the Most High gives the kingdom to whom he will echoes the theological idea that God grants power and dominion (here to Nebuchadnezzar).
Alternative generated candidates
- For thus says the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: I have put an iron yoke upon the neck of all these nations, that they shall serve Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon; and they shall serve him, and I have also given him the beasts of the field."
- For thus says the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: On the neck of all these nations I have set a yoke of iron, that they may serve Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon; they shall serve him, and I have given him also the beasts of the field.
Jer.28.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ירמיה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הנביא: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אל: NEG
- חנניה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הנביא: NOUN,m,sg,def
- שמע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- נא: PART
- חנניה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- שלחך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+2,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ואתה: CONJ+PRON,2,m,sg
- הבטחת: VERB,hif,perf,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- על: PREP
- שקר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 18:20-22 (thematic): Gives the law for identifying false prophets who speak presumptuously in God’s name and whose words do not come to pass—background for Jeremiah’s charge that Hananiah was not sent by Yahweh.
- Jeremiah 23:21-22 (verbal): Closely parallel language and idea: God declares he did not send certain prophets though they prophesy, matching Jeremiah’s direct accusation that Yahweh did not send Hananiah.
- Ezekiel 13:6-9 (thematic): Condemns prophets who prophesy out of their own hearts and lead the people with lies; echoes Jeremiah’s denunciation of a prophet whose message is false and not from God.
- 1 Kings 22:21-23 (thematic): Narrates a lying spirit sent to deceive the prophets so the king is misled—illustrates the phenomenon of false prophecy causing the people to trust in error, like Hananiah’s misleading assurance.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then Jeremiah the prophet said to the prophet Hananiah, "Hear now, Hananiah: the LORD did not send you, yet you have persuaded this people to trust in a lie.
- Then Jeremiah the prophet said to Hananiah the prophet, "Hear now, Hananiah: the LORD did not send you, yet you have made this people trust in a lie."
Jer.28.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לכן: ADV
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- הנני: PRT+PRON,1,sg
- משלחך: VERB,qal,part,1,m,sg
- מעל: PREP
- פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- האדמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- השנה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- מת: ADJ,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- סרה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- דברת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Deut.18:20 (verbal): Law forbids false prophets and prescribes death for a prophet who speaks presumptuously in God's name—parallels Jeremiah's pronouncement of death for speaking against the LORD.
- Deut.13:5 (thematic): Command to put to death anyone (including a prophet) who entices Israel to other gods; reflects the theme of capital punishment for misleading prophetic speech.
- 1 Kgs.13:24–26 (structural): Narrative in which a prophet dies as a direct consequence of disobedience/deception—echoes the immediate, divinely‑pronounced death of a prophesying figure in Jeremiah 28:16.
- Ezek.13:9 (thematic): God condemns and threatens judgment on false prophets who prophesy lies and lead the people astray, a close thematic parallel to the rebuke and penalty in Jeremiah 28:16.
- Jer.23:21–22 (verbal): Within Jeremiah's corpus God disclaims sending certain prophets and warns of consequences; closely related in language and intent to the rejection and punishment of Hananiah.
Alternative generated candidates
- Therefore thus says the LORD: Behold, I will cast you off from the face of the earth; this year you shall die, because you have broken faith with the LORD."
- Therefore thus says the LORD: I will cast you off from the face of the earth; this year you shall die, because you have spoken rebellion against the LORD.
Jer.28.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וימת: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- חנניה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הנביא: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בשנה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ההיא: DEM,f,sg
- בחדש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cstr
- השביעי: ADJ,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Jeremiah 28:16 (structural): Immediate prophetic predecessor: God pronounces that Hananiah will die that year for opposing Jeremiah — Jeremiah 28:17 reports the fulfillment of that judgment.
- Deuteronomy 18:20–22 (thematic): Legal criterion for false prophecy: a prophet whose word from the LORD does not come to pass is declared false (and liable to death under the law) — provides theological background for the condemnation and death of a false prophet like Hananiah.
- 1 Kings 13:26–32 (thematic): Narrative of a prophet who disobeys God’s command and is killed as a consequence — parallels the motif of divine judgment bringing a prophet’s death after wrongful speech or action.
- Jeremiah 26:20–23 (thematic): Account of Uriah (Urijah) son of Shemaiah, a prophet who opposed the king’s advisers and was seized and killed — a contemporary example of a prophet’s death in the context of prophetic conflict in Jeremiah’s era.
Alternative generated candidates
- So Hananiah the prophet died that year, in the seventh month.
- And Hananiah the prophet died in that year, in the seventh month.
In that year, at the beginning of the reign of Zedekiah king of Judah— in the fourth year, in the fifth month— Hananiah son of Azzur the prophet, who was from Gibeon, stood in the house of the LORD before the priests and all the people and said to me: Thus says the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: I will break the yoke of the king of Babylon.
Within two years' time I will bring back to this place all the vessels of the house of the LORD that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon took from this place and carried to Babylon. And I will bring back Jehoiachin son of Jehoiakim king of Judah and all the exiles of Judah who went to Babylon; I will bring them back to this place, declares the LORD, for I will break the yoke of the king of Babylon.
Then Jeremiah the prophet said to the prophet Hananiah in the presence of the priests and in the hearing of all the people standing in the house of the LORD:
Amen! May the LORD do so— may the LORD fulfill the words that you have prophesied, and restore the vessels of the house of the LORD and all the exiles from Babylon to this place.
Yet hear now this word that I speak in your hearing and in the hearing of all the people.
The prophets who were before you and before your time, from ancient days, prophesied against many lands and against great kingdoms— for war, and for disaster, and for plague.
When a prophet prophesies peace and the word of the prophet comes to pass, then that prophet is known as one whom the LORD has truly sent. And Hananiah the prophet took the wooden yoke from off the neck of Jeremiah the prophet and broke it.
Hananiah spoke in the hearing of all the people, saying, “Thus says the LORD: Even so I will break the yoke of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon within two years' time from the necks of all the nations.” And Jeremiah the prophet went his way.
Then the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah after Hananiah the prophet had broken the yoke from off the neck of the prophet Jeremiah, saying:
Go and tell Hananiah, Thus says the LORD: You have broken the wooden yoke; behold, I will put yokes of iron in their place.
For thus says the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: I have put an iron yoke on the necks of all these nations, that they may serve Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon; they shall serve him, and I have given him also the beasts of the field.
Then Jeremiah the prophet said to the prophet Hananiah, “Hear now, Hananiah: the LORD did not send you, yet you have made this people trust a lie.”
Therefore thus says the LORD: I will cast you off from the face of the earth— this year you shall die, because you have spoken rebellion against the LORD.” And Hananiah the prophet died that same year in the seventh month.