Amaziah's Reign: Victory, Pride, and Defeat by Israel
2 Chronicles 25:1-28
2 C.25.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עשרים: NUM,card,pl
- וחמש: CONJ+NUM,card,pl,abs
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- אמציהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- ועשרים: NUM,m,pl,abs
- ותשע: NUM
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בירושלם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ושם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אמו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- יהועדן: NOUN,f,sg,prop
- מירושלים: PREP+NOUN,loc,sg,prop
Parallels
- 2 Kings 14:2 (quotation): Direct parallel account of Amaziah: same age at accession (25), same length of reign (29 years) and same mother's name (Jehoaddan/Jehoaddin) — Chronicles and Kings present the same regnal data.
- 2 Chronicles 24:1 (structural): Uses the same regnal formula (age at accession, years of reign, and mother's name) about King Joash — demonstrates Chronicles' standard way of introducing a king.
- 1 Kings 15:2 (structural): The regnal formula appears here for Abijam (years of reign and mother's name), showing the common Israelite/Judahite pattern of recording a king's age, reign length and maternal identity.
- 2 Chronicles 33:1 (structural): Another Chronicle introduction (Manasseh) giving age at accession and years of reign—further example of the standardized regnal summary form used throughout Chronicles.
Alternative generated candidates
- Amaziah was twenty-five years old when he became king, and he reigned twenty-nine years in Jerusalem. His mother's name was Jehoaddan of Jerusalem.
- Amaziah was twenty-five years old when he became king, and he reigned twenty-nine years in Jerusalem; his mother's name was Jehoaddin of Jerusalem.
2 C.25.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- הישר: ADJ,m,sg,def
- בעיני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- רק: PRT
- לא: PART_NEG
- בלבב: PREP
- שלם: NOUN,prop,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Kings 14:3 (structural): Parallel historical account of Amaziah in the Deuteronomistic history; uses the same characterization — he did what was right in the eyes of the LORD but was not wholly devoted.
- 1 Chronicles 28:9 (thematic): David's instruction to Solomon to 'serve the LORD with a whole heart' provides a direct thematic contrast to Amaziah's partial devotion.
- Deuteronomy 6:5 (thematic): The injunction to love the LORD 'with all your heart' sets the biblical standard of wholehearted devotion against which Amaziah's partial obedience is judged.
- Jeremiah 17:10 (thematic): God's searching of the heart and testing of motives highlights the inner fidelity (or lack thereof) that lies behind outwardly 'doing what is right' as in Amaziah's case.
Alternative generated candidates
- He did what was right in the sight of the LORD, but not with a whole heart.
- He did what was right in the sight of the LORD, but not with a whole heart.
2 C.25.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- כאשר: CONJ
- חזקה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- הממלכה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- ויהרג: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- עבדיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3ms
- המכים: PART,qal,ptc,act,pl,m,def
- את: PRT,acc
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אביו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Kings 14:5 (verbal): Direct parallel account of Amaziah: same event recorded — he killed the servants who had slain his father (near-verbatim correspondence with Chronicles).
- 2 Samuel 4:5-12 (thematic): David orders the execution of the men who murdered Ish-bosheth — similar theme of a successor punishing the assassins of a king.
- 1 Kings 2:5-6,31-34 (thematic): Solomon, after securing his reign, orders the killing of Joab and others tied to past murders — comparable pattern of consolidating the kingdom by executing those involved in political killings.
- 2 Samuel 3:26-30 (thematic): Joab kills Abner in the aftermath of civil conflict; the passage reflects the cycle of retaliatory killings and political violence surrounding the deaths of royal figures, a context shared with Amaziah’s actions.
Alternative generated candidates
- When the kingdom was firmly established upon him, he put to death the servants who had struck his father the king.
- When the kingdom was firmly established for him, he executed the servants who had struck his father the king.
2 C.25.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- בניהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3,pl
- לא: PART_NEG
- המית: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- כי: CONJ
- ככתוב: ADV
- בתורה: NOUN,f,sg,abs+prep_b
- בספר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- צוה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- לא: PART_NEG
- ימותו: VERB,qal,impf,3,pl
- אבות: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- על: PREP
- בנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ובנים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- ימותו: VERB,qal,impf,3,pl
- על: PREP
- אבות: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- כי: CONJ
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בחטאו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ימותו: VERB,qal,impf,3,pl
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 24:16 (quotation): Direct citation of the law: 'Fathers shall not be put to death for their children, nor children for their fathers; every man shall be put to death for his own sin.' — the verse Chronicles explicitly invokes.
- Ezekiel 18:20 (thematic): Expresses the same principle of individual responsibility: 'The son shall not bear the iniquity of the father... the righteous shall live by his righteousness.' — a later reiteration of the law's logic.
- Jeremiah 31:29-30 (thematic): Declares that people will no longer say 'The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children's teeth are set on edge,' echoing the move away from collective punishment toward individual accountability.
- Exodus 20:5 (cf. Exodus 34:7) (verbal): Presents the related motif that God 'visits the iniquity of the fathers on the children,' which serves as the background contrast to Deuteronomy/Chronicles' insistence on individual punishment rather than familial retribution.
Alternative generated candidates
- But he did not put their children to death; as it is written in the law of Moses, “Fathers shall not die for their children, nor children die for their fathers; every man shall die for his own sin.”
- But he would not put their children to death; for he obeyed the law, as it is written in the book of Moses, where the LORD commanded, 'Parents shall not be put to death for their children, nor shall children be put to death for their parents; each will die for his own sin.'
2 C.25.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויקבץ: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- אמציהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ויעמידם: VERB,hiph,impf,3,m,sg
- לבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cns
- אבות: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- לשרי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- האלפים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ולשרי: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- המאות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- לכל: PREP
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ובנימן: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויפקדם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- למבן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עשרים: NUM,card,pl
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ומעלה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- וימצאם: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- שלש: NUM,card,f,sg
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
- בחור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יוצא: VERB,qal,part,ms,sg
- צבא: NOUN,m,sg,const
- אחז: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- רמח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וצנה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 14:6 (structural): Direct parallel account of Amaziah’s mustering of Judah; repeats the numbering from twenty years upward and reports the same military force (corresponding narrative in Kings).
- Numbers 1:3 (verbal): Same formulaic wording for military conscription—'from twenty years old and upward, every male that is able to go forth to war'—used in Israel’s census for fighting men.
- Numbers 26:2 (verbal): A later census also uses the 'from twenty years old and upward' formula when numbering men for military service, echoing the same administrative practice.
- Deuteronomy 20:3–4 (thematic): Gives instructions and encouragement for troops about to go to war; thematically related to mustering and preparing Israelite forces for battle.
Alternative generated candidates
- He gathered Judah and organized them by ancestral households, appointing captains of thousands and captains of hundreds throughout Judah and Benjamin; and he enrolled those from twenty years old and upward, and found among them three hundred thousand able-bodied men, ready for war, who grasped spear and shield.
- Amaziah mustered Judah and stationed them by ancestral households as commanders of thousands and commanders of hundreds throughout Judah and Benjamin; he numbered them from twenty years old and upward and found three hundred thousand choice men, able-bodied for war, who handled spear and shield.
2 C.25.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישכר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- מישראל: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg
- מאה: NUM,f,sg,abs
- אלף: NUM,m,sg
- גבור: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- חיל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- במאה: PREP+NUM,card,sg,f
- ככר: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כסף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 14:7 (verbal): Direct parallel in the Deuteronomistic history: the same report that Amaziah hired 100,000 valiant men of Israel for 100 talents of silver (essentially the same wording and event).
- 2 Kings 14:8 (structural): Continues the same episode in Kings (dismissal of the hired Israelite troops and the ensuing conflict with Israel), showing the broader narrative parallel and outcome of the hire.
- 2 Samuel 10:6 (thematic): Another biblical example of a king/people hiring foreign troops (the Ammonites hiring Arameans), thematically comparable as use of mercenaries/foreign forces in Israelite-era warfare and its consequences.
- Genesis 14:14 (thematic): Abram’s rapid mustering of trained men to fight a foreign coalition parallels the motif of assembling mighty men for military action — a thematic parallel to hiring or raising troops for battle.
Alternative generated candidates
- He hired of Israel one hundred thousand mighty men of valor for one hundred talents of silver.
- He hired from Israel a hundred thousand valiant warriors for a hundred talents of silver.
2 C.25.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואיש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אל: NEG
- יבא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עמך: NOUN,m,sg,suff-2m
- צבא: NOUN,m,sg,const
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- אין: PART,neg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- עם: PREP
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כל: DET
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- אפרים: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 14:8–9 (quotation): Direct parallel account of Amaziah: a man of God warns him not to hire Israelite soldiers because the LORD is not with Israel (sons of Ephraim). Chronicles here echoes the Kings narrative verbatim.
- Hosea 5:6 (allusion): Speaks of Israel/Ephraim seeking the LORD and finding that he has withdrawn from them—theological parallel to the statement that ‘the LORD is not with Israel, with all the sons of Ephraim.’
- Judges 2:14–15 (thematic): Describes Israel’s unfaithfulness leading to the LORD’s anger and withdrawal, resulting in military defeat—a thematic precedent for divine absence determining military outcomes.
- Deuteronomy 20:1–4 (structural): Instruction for warfare emphasizing that victory depends on the LORD being with Israel; provides the legal/theological background for warning a king not to engage in battle without God’s presence.
Alternative generated candidates
- But a man of God came to him and said, “O king, do not bring the army of Israel with you, for the LORD is not with Israel—all the sons of Ephraim.”
- But a man of God came to him and said, 'O king, do not bring the army of Israel with you, for the LORD is not with Israel but with the men of Ephraim.'
2 C.25.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- אם: CONJ
- בא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- חזק: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- למלחמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יכשילך: VERB,hiph,impf,3,m,sg
- האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לפני: PREP
- אויב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- יש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- כח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- באלהים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לעזור: VERB,qal,inf
- ולהכשיל: CONJ+VERB,hiph,inf
Parallels
- 2 Kings 14:8-10 (verbal): Parallel narrative of Amaziah’s challenge/defeat; Chronicles’ warning about God causing one to stumble before the enemy is reflected in the Kings account (direct literary parallel).
- Deuteronomy 20:4 (thematic): Command that the LORD goes with Israel in battle and fights for them — theme that victory or defeat depends on God’s action, not merely human strength.
- Proverbs 21:31 (thematic): ‘The horse is made ready for the day of battle, but victory belongs to the LORD’ — contrasts human military preparations with God’s decisive power to help or to overthrow.
- Judges 7:22 (thematic): God causes enemy forces to rout one another (Gideon’s victory) — example of God intervening to cast down foes rather than human might producing success.
- Psalm 20:7 (thematic): ‘Some trust in chariots and some in horses…’ — emphasizes reliance on God rather than military strength, echoing the warning that God, not human valor, determines the outcome.
Alternative generated candidates
- If you go, be strong for the battle; God will make you fall before your enemies. For there is power with God to help and to cast down.
- If you go, though you be strong for the battle, God will cause you to stumble before your enemies, for there is power in God to give help and to bring down.
2 C.25.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אמציהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- לאיש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ומה: CONJ+PRON,int
- לעשות: VERB,qal,inf
- למאת: PREP+NUM,f,sg
- הככר: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- נתתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- לגדוד: PREP+NOUN,m,sg
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
- יש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- לתת: VERB,qal,inf
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
- הרבה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מזה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 14:9 (quotation): Direct parallel/quotation — the same exchange appears in the Kings account (Amaziah asks about the hundred talents and the man of God replies that the LORD can give him much more).
- 2 Chronicles 25:8 (structural): Immediate context — the preceding verse describes Amaziah hiring and then paying the Israelite mercenaries with the hundred talents mentioned in v.9, explaining why he asks the question.
- Isaiah 31:1 (thematic): The prophet condemns reliance on foreign military help (Egypt/horses); thematically parallels Amaziah’s trust in hired Israelite troops instead of relying on YHWH.
- Psalm 20:7 (thematic): Contrasts trust in chariots and horses with trust in the name of the LORD; thematically echoes the issue of relying on human military strength rather than God’s provision.
- Deuteronomy 8:18 (thematic): Affirms that it is the LORD who gives the power to gain wealth; parallels the man of God’s claim that God can give Amaziah far more, emphasizing divine provision rather than human means.
Alternative generated candidates
- Amaziah said to the man of God, “What then about the hundred talents that I gave to the commanders of the Israelite troops?” And the man of God answered, “The LORD can give you many times as much as that.”
- Amaziah said to the man of God, 'What shall I do for the hundred talents I gave to the commanders of Israel?' And the man of God answered, 'The LORD has power to give you many times as much.'
2 C.25.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויבדילם: VERB,hiph,impf,3,m,sg
- אמציהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- להגדוד: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- מאפרים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ללכת: VERB,qal,inf
- למקומם: PREP
- ויחר: VERB,qal,imf,3,m,sg
- אפם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מאד: ADV
- ביהודה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וישובו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- למקומם: PREP
- בחרי: PREP
- אף: ADV
Parallels
- 2 Kings 14:10 (verbal): Direct parallel in the Deuteronomistic history; repeats the same incident—Amaziah dismisses the Israelite (Ephraimite) troops and their anger against Judah—using nearly identical wording.
- 2 Chronicles 25:5 (structural): Immediate background in Chronicles: this verse records Amaziah hiring the 100,000 men of Israel (Ephraim), explaining why those troops were present and later dismissed.
- 2 Kings 14:8-11 (thematic): Broader account in Kings of Amaziah's dealings with Israel, his challenge to and encounter with Israelite forces, and the political/military fallout connected to his use and dismissal of Israelite troops.
- 2 Chronicles 25:16-19 (thematic): Later verses in the same chapter showing the consequences of Amaziah's military and political choices (including ignoring counsel and confronting Israel), culminating in confrontation and defeat—continuation of the episode begun by hiring and dismissing the Ephraimite soldiers.
Alternative generated candidates
- So Amaziah sent the men who had come to him from Ephraim away to their homes. Their anger was greatly kindled against Judah, and they returned to their homes in great wrath.
- So Amaziah dismissed the men whom he had hired from Ephraim to go home; their anger burned greatly against Judah, and they returned to their homes in great indignation.
2 C.25.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואמציהו: CONJ+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- התחזק: VERB,hitpael,impv,2,m,sg
- וינהג: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- וילך: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- גיא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המלח: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ויך: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- שעיר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עשרת: NUM,card,ten,cons
- אלפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 14:7 (verbal): Parallel account of Amaziah’s campaign against Edom—same event and numbers (ten thousand) in the Valley of Salt; Chronicles here largely echoes the Kings narrative.
- 2 Chronicles 25:12 (structural): Immediate continuation in Chronicles describing the pursuit, plunder, and treatment of the surviving Edomites—part of the same episode and literary unit.
- 2 Chronicles 25:14 (thematic): Later verse in the same chapter linking Amaziah’s victory over Seir/Edom to his subsequent religious failings (bringing back the gods of Seir), showing the moral/theological consequences of the campaign.
- Obadiah 1:10 (thematic): Prophetic denunciation of Edom’s violence against Jacob/Israel; thematically connected to Israel’s conflicts with Seir/Edom and the broader motif of Edom’s hostility and judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- Amaziah was strengthened and led his people; he went to the Valley of Salt and struck ten thousand of the sons of Seir.
- Then Amaziah strengthened himself and led his people; he marched to the Valley of Salt and struck ten thousand men of Seir.
2 C.25.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ועשרת: CONJ+NUM,card,m,pl,const
- אלפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- חיים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- שבו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ויביאום: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לראש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הסלע: NOUN,m,sg,def
- וישליכום: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- מראש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הסלע: NOUN,m,sg,def
- וכלם: PRON,indef,m,pl
- נבקעו: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- 2 Kings 14:8-14 (structural): Parallel account of Amaziah’s campaign against Edom and its aftermath in Kings; the two books narrate the same episode with overlapping details about casualties and the treatment of the defeated.
- 2 Chronicles 25:11 (verbal): Immediate narrative context in Chronicles: the preceding verse reports Amaziah’s victory over Edom and the capture of people, to which verse 12 describes the fate of those captives (close verbal and narrative link).
- Judges 9:53 (thematic): Abimelech is mortally wounded when an upper millstone is dropped on his head from a tower; both passages employ the motif of death by crushing/falling from a height as a violent post‑battle execution.
- 1 Samuel 31:8-10 (thematic): After defeat at Gilboa the Philistines publicly mistreat Saul and his sons (exposure/fastening of bodies), paralleling the theme of humiliating and lethal treatment of defeated enemies in Chronicles 25:12.
Alternative generated candidates
- The ten thousand who escaped the sword the men of Judah brought to the top of the cliff and cast them down from the top of the cliff, and all were dashed in pieces.
- The ten thousand whom the men of Judah captured, he brought to the top of a rock and threw them down from the rock; all of them were dashed in pieces.
2 C.25.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ובני: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- הגדוד: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- השיב: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- אמציהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- מלכת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- למלחמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויפשטו: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,pl
- בערי: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,const
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- משמרון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועד: CONJ+PREP
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חורון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויכו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- מהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- שלשת: NUM,m,pl,abs
- אלפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ויבזו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- בזה: PREP+DEM
- רבה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 14:9 (verbal): Direct parallel account in Kings of the same incident—Israelite mercenaries turned back and raided Judah, killing about 3,000 and carrying off much spoil (same geographic range: from Samaria to Beth‑Horon).
- 2 Chronicles 25:11 (thematic): Immediate background in Chronicles: Amaziah hired 100,000 men of Israel as mercenaries, which sets up the episode in v.13 when those men later plunder Judah’s cities.
- 2 Chronicles 25:12 (structural): Contiguous verse in the same chapter describing the prophet’s warning and Amaziah’s decision to send the hired Israelite troops away—explains why the returned troops were able to plunder Judah’s towns.
- 2 Kings 14:8-14 (structural): Broader Kings narrative covering the whole sequence (hiring mercenaries, prophetic rebuke, the mercenaries’ raid on Judah, and the subsequent conflict between Amaziah and Jehoash), providing the fuller historical context for v.13.
Alternative generated candidates
- The forces whom Amaziah had set to accompany him to war spread through the cities of Judah, from Samaria to Beth-horon; they struck out three thousand of them and took much spoil.
- But the army whom Amaziah had sent back pillaged the cities of Judah from Samaria to Beth-horon; they struck three thousand people and carried off great plunder.
2 C.25.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- אחרי: PREP
- בוא: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- אמציהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- מהכות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- אדומים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ויבא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- שעיר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויעמידם: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- לאלהים: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולפניהם: CONJ+PREP+PRON,3,pl,m
- ישתחוה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- ולהם: CONJ+PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- יקטר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Judges 8:27 (thematic): Gideon fashions cultic objects from spoil (an ephod) that become foci of worship in Israel—parallel to Amaziah bringing back gods/objects from Seir and establishing them for worship.
- 2 Kings 17:29-33 (thematic): Describes peoples setting up the gods of their native lands and serving them (alongside or instead of YHWH); closely parallels Amaziah’s importation and installation of Seir’s gods.
- 1 Kings 11:4-8 (thematic): Solomon’s foreign wives lead him to worship other gods and to build high places—an example of royal adoption of foreign deities like Amaziah’s action.
- Deuteronomy 12:29-31 (allusion): Deuteronomic prohibition against adopting the abominable practices and gods of the nations; Chronicles’ account of Amaziah violates this legal/theological standard.
Alternative generated candidates
- After Amaziah returned from striking the Edomites, he brought back the gods of the people of Seir and set them up for himself; before them he bowed down and burned incense to them.
- After Amaziah returned from striking the Edomites, he brought the gods of the people of Seir and set them up as his gods; before them he bowed down and burned incense.
2 C.25.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויחר: VERB,qal,imf,3,m,sg
- אף: ADV
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- באמציהו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וישלח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- נביא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- למה: ADV
- דרשת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לא: PART_NEG
- הצילו: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- עמם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- מידך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Kings 14:8-14 (structural): Direct parallel account of Amaziah’s victory and the prophet’s rebuke; Kings gives the same episode (Amaziah seeking/being rebuked for turning to the gods of the people).
- Judges 10:14 (thematic): God’s ironic challenge to Israel—‘go cry to the gods which ye have chosen; let them deliver you’—echoes the denunciation of turning to impotent foreign gods for help.
- Isaiah 45:20 (verbal): Isaiah condemns those who call on gods that cannot save (‘to a god that cannot save’), paralleling the critique that the peoples’ gods could not deliver their own people.
- Psalm 115:4-8 (thematic): A portrayal of idols as powerless (mute, immobile) and those who trust them as like them; thematically parallels the claim that the consulted gods could not save.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then the anger of the LORD was kindled against Amaziah, and he sent to him a prophet who said to him, “Why have you sought the gods of these people, who did not save their own people from your hand?”
- Then the anger of the LORD was kindled against Amaziah, and He sent a prophet to him who said, 'Why have you sought the gods of the people, who did not save their people from your hand?'
2 C.25.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- בדברו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- הליועץ: DET+NOUN,m,sg,def
- למלך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נתנוך: VERB,qal,impf,1,pl
- חדל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
- למה: ADV
- יכוך: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ויחדל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הנביא: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ידעתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,?,sg
- כי: CONJ
- יעץ: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- להשחיתך: VERB,hiphil,inf,2,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- עשית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- זאת: DEM,f,sg
- ולא: CONJ
- שמעת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- לעצתי: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs,1,sg
Parallels
- 2Chr.25:14-15 (structural): Immediate context: the prophet confronts Amaziah after he brought in foreign gods and hired mercenaries; verse 16 is the prophet's declaration that because the king acted so and ignored counsel, God intends his ruin.
- 1Sam.13:13-14 (thematic): Samuel rebukes Saul for disobeying divine instruction and pronounces judgment—parallel theme of a prophet telling a king that because he did not heed counsel, God will act against him.
- 1Kgs.12:13-15 (thematic): Rehoboam rejects the elders' wise counsel and follows ill counsel instead, resulting in disaster (the kingdom's division); similar motif of a ruler refusing counsel and suffering consequences.
- Prov.1:24-33 (thematic): Wisdom laments those who refuse her reproof and warns that calamity will follow refusal of counsel—echoes the idea that ignoring sound counsel (especially divine) brings destruction.
- Isa.30:1-2 (thematic): Isaiah condemns those who seek counsel apart from the LORD and warns of shame and ruin—parallels the prophet's charge that Amaziah's actions and failure to heed counsel invite divine judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- And as the prophet spoke to him, Amaziah said to him, “The council that advises the king—let it be; cease. Why should you rebuke me?” So the prophet ceased and said, “I know that God has counseled to bring ruin upon you, because you have done this and would not heed my counsel.”
- As the prophet spoke to him, the king said to the prophet, 'The counsel of the king is mine; be silent—why do you reproach me?' And the prophet ceased and said, 'I know that God has determined your ruin, because you have done this and have not heeded my counsel.'
2 C.25.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויועץ: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אמציהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- וישלח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- יואש: NOUN,prop,sg,m
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהואחז: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוא: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- לכה: VERB,qal,imp,2,f,sg
- נתראה: VERB,nip,impf,1,_,pl
- פנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 14:8 (verbal): Direct parallel account of Amaziah sending to Joash (son of Jehoahaz) and proposing that they meet face to face; many of the same words and the same incident appear in Kings.
- 2 Kings 14:9 (verbal): Joash’s sharp reply to Amaziah in the Kings account—rejecting the meeting and recounting the murder of Amaziah’s father—continues the same exchange begun in 2 Chronicles 25:17.
- 2 Chronicles 25:20 (structural): Immediate continuation in Chronicles of the present verse: Jehoash king of Israel’s answer and the ensuing insult and battle explain the purpose and outcome of Amaziah’s summons.
- 2 Chronicles 13:3-12 (thematic): Abijah’s confrontation with Jeroboam provides a thematic parallel: a southern king challenging a northern rival, invoking past kings’ wrongdoing and appealing to legitimacy in a face‑to‑face confrontation.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then Amaziah consulted with his advisers and sent to Joash son of Jehoahaz son of Jehu, king of Israel, saying, “Come, let us meet face to face.”
- Then Amaziah consulted and sent to Joash son of Jehoahaz son of Jehu, king of Israel, saying, 'Come, let us face one another.'
2 C.25.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישלח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יואש: NOUN,prop,sg,m
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- אמציהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- החוח: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בלבנון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- הארז: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בלבנון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- תנה: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- בתך: NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss:2,m
- לבני: PREP
- לאשה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ותעבר: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- חית: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- השדה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בלבנון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ותרמס: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,f,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- החוח: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Kings 14:9 (quotation): A parallel/duplicate account of the same incident; the taunt about “the thistle in Lebanon” sent to “the cedar in Lebanon” appears in nearly identical wording in the Kings narrative.
- Judges 9:14-15 (thematic): Jotham’s parable: the bramble/thorn speaks to the trees and presumes equality with cedars—similar imagery of a lowly shrub arrogantly addressing noble trees, used to satirize an unworthy ruler.
- Ezekiel 31:3-9 (thematic): The cedar of Lebanon is used as a symbol of a great king/nation and described in relation to beasts and downfall; parallels the use of Lebanon’s cedar as emblem of strength and the motif of animals trampling or disturbing lesser plants.
- Psalm 92:12-13 (thematic): Uses the cedar of Lebanon as an image of strength and flourishing; provides the wider biblical symbolic background for cedar imagery that underlies the insult in 2 Chronicles (cedar = greatness contrasted with a thistle/bramble).
Alternative generated candidates
- And Joash king of Israel sent to Amaziah king of Judah, saying, “The thorn that was in Lebanon sent to the cedar in Lebanon, ‘Give your daughter to my son as wife’; and a wild beast of the field passed by and trampled the thorn.
- Joash king of Israel sent to Amaziah king of Judah, 'The thorn that was in Lebanon sent to the cedar that is in Lebanon, "Give your daughter to my son as wife," and a wild beast of the field passed by and trampled the thorn.'
2 C.25.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אמרת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- הנה: PART
- הכית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- אדום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ונשאך: VERB,qal,perf,2,ms
- לבך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
- להכביד: VERB,hif,inf
- עתה: ADV
- שבה: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
- בביתך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
- למה: ADV
- תתגרה: VERB,qal,impf,2,ms
- ברעה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ונפלת: VERB,qal,perf,2,ms
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- ויהודה: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עמך: NOUN,m,sg,suff-2m
Parallels
- 2 Kings 14:8-14 (structural): Parallel narrative: Kings records Amaziah's victory over Edom, his pride/refusal to heed counsel, the ensuing confrontation with Joash of Israel and his defeat—same sequence retold in Chronicles.
- Proverbs 16:18 (verbal): Proverbial principle—'Pride goes before destruction'—echoes the warning that Amaziah's lifted heart (נשאך לבך) will bring about his fall.
- Obadiah 1:3-4 (thematic): Prophecy against Edom: the pride of heart brings downfall—shares the theme of arrogance leading to ruin, relevant to Amaziah's boasting after defeating Edom.
- Ezekiel 28:17 (allusion): Imagery of a heart lifted up leading to judgment; Ezekiel's language about pride and fall parallels the Chronicle's admonition that Amaziah's exalted heart will cause his overthrow.
Alternative generated candidates
- You have said, ‘I have struck Edom,’ and your heart has lifted you up. Now stay at home; why should you stir up trouble and fall—you and Judah with you?”
- You said, "You have struck Edom and your heart has become lifted up; stay now at home—why provoke trouble and fall, you and Judah with you?"
2 C.25.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולא: CONJ
- שמע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אמציהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- מהאלהים: PRON
- היא: PRON,dem,3,f,sg
- למען: PREP
- תתם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- ביד: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- דרשו: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- אדום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 14:17 (structural): Parallel account of Amaziah’s conduct in the Deuteronomistic history; Chronicles retells the same episode (refusal to heed warning and the ensuing outcome).
- Judges 2:14-15 (thematic): Shows the recurring theme that the LORD hands a people over to their enemies as judgment—'gave them into the hands' language and divine causation echo the idea in 2 Chr 25:20.
- Isaiah 10:5-6 (thematic): God’s use of one nation as an instrument of judgment against another (’I will send him against a godless nation… to take spoil’), paralleling the motif that events occurred because God willed to give them into others’ hands.
- 2 Chronicles 24:20-22 (verbal): Another Chronicles passage where people refuse to heed a prophetic warning; both passages link refusal to listen with divine purpose and ensuing judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- But Amaziah would not listen, for the thing was from God, that he might be delivered into his hand, because they had sought the gods of Edom.
- But Amaziah would not listen, for it was from God that they had been given into his hand, because they had sought the gods of Edom.
2 C.25.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יואש: NOUN,prop,sg,m
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויתראו: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- פנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- ואמציהו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- בבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- שמש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- ליהודה: PREP+PN,masc,sg
Parallels
- 2 Kings 14:11 (verbal): Direct parallel account of Joash and Amaziah meeting at Beth‑shemesh; the narrative uses similar language about coming to 'look one another in the face.'
- 2 Kings 14:12 (structural): Continues the same episode—reports the battle that follows the meeting and Joash's defeat of Amaziah, explaining the immediate military outcome of their encounter.
- 2 Kings 14:13 (structural): Follows the narrative thread describing Joash's pursuit into Judah, the seizure of spoils, and damage to Jerusalem—material consequences of the face‑to‑face meeting.
- 2 Chronicles 25:22 (thematic): Chronicles' own continuation of the episode: interprets the outcome theologically (God's judgment/abandonment of Amaziah) and records Joash's taking of plunder, linking directly to verse 21's meeting.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then Joash king of Israel went up; and they met face to face at Beth-shemesh, which belongs to Judah.
- So Joash king of Israel went up; they met at Beth-shemesh, which belongs to Judah.
2 C.25.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וינגף: VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- לפני: PREP
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וינסו: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,pl
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לאהליו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Kings 14:8-14 (quotation): Direct parallel account of the same battle between Amaziah of Judah and Jehoash (Joash) of Israel — Chronicles 25:22 corresponds to the report in Kings that Judah was defeated before Israel and routed.
- 2 Chronicles 25:24 (structural): Immediate aftermath in the same chapter: describes the consequences of the defeat (Jehoash's capture of Amaziah, plunder of Jerusalem and breaking of the wall), providing the larger context for the rout in v.22.
- Judges 7:22 (thematic): Gideon's rout of the Midianite army: like 2 Chr 25:22 it narrates a sudden collapse of an enemy force and a general flight, illustrating the common biblical theme of military rout and pursuit.
- 1 Chronicles 14:12-14 (thematic): David's victories over the Philistines where the enemy is put to flight; parallels the motif of an Israelite/Judahite army scattering before an opposing force and the concise narrative formula describing flight to homes/tents.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Judah was struck before Israel, and every man fled to his tent.
- And Judah was defeated before Israel, and every man fled to his tent.
2 C.25.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- אמציהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יואש: NOUN,prop,sg,m
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהואחז: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- תפש: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יואש: NOUN,prop,sg,m
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- שמש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויביאהו: VERB,hiphil,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg+PRON,3,m
- ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויפרץ: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- בחומת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons
- ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- משער: PREP
- אפרים: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- שער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הפונה: ADJ,ptc,qal,ms,sg,def
- ארבע: NUM,card,f
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- אמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 14:11-14 (verbal): Direct parallel account in the Deuteronomistic history: Joash (Jehoash) captures Amaziah at Beth-shemesh, brings him to Jerusalem, and breaks down the wall from the Ephraim Gate to the Corner Gate (four hundred cubits).
- 2 Kings 14:8-10 (thematic): Immediate narrative context in Kings: the challenge between Amaziah and Jehoash that precipitates the battle and Amaziah’s subsequent capture—parallels the lead‑up to the events of 2 Chr 25:23.
- 2 Chronicles 25:24 (structural): The very next verse in Chronicles continues the same episode (Amaziah taken and the spoils, and further consequences), forming a contiguous account with 25:23.
- 2 Chronicles 25:27 (thematic): Chronicles’ summary of Amaziah’s reign and fate (including his being slain after his defeat) connects thematically to his capture and the humiliation recorded in 25:23 as the turning point leading to his downfall.
Alternative generated candidates
- Joash king of Israel took Amaziah king of Judah, the son of Joash son of Jehoahaz, in Beth-shemesh, and brought him to Jerusalem; and he broke down the wall of Jerusalem from the Ephraim Gate to the Corner Gate—four hundred cubits.
- Joash king of Israel captured Amaziah king of Judah at Beth-shemesh and brought him to Jerusalem; he broke down the wall of Jerusalem from the Ephraim Gate to the Corner Gate, four hundred cubits.
2 C.25.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- הזהב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והכסף: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- הכלים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- הנמצאים: ADJ,part,m,pl,def
- בבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
- עם: PREP
- עבד: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- אדום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- אצרות: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואת: CONJ
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- התערבות: NOUN,f,sg,def
- וישב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- שמרון: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 14:14 (structural): Parallel account in Kings of Amaziah’s defeat and the taking away of temple/royal valuables to Samaria—Chronicles and Kings narrate the same incident.
- 2 Samuel 6:10-12 (allusion): Mentions Obed‑Edom as the household where sacred objects/ark were kept and blessed—connects to Obed‑Edom’s role as custodian of holy treasures in Chronicles.
- 2 Kings 25:13-17 (thematic): Shows the precedent of enemy powers seizing the sacred vessels of the house of the LORD (Babylon’s carrying off of temple articles)—thematic parallel about removal of temple treasures.
- Ezra 1:7-11 (thematic): Describes return/recovery of items taken from the temple and royal house—themewise related to the movement and custody of temple treasures recorded in Chronicles.
Alternative generated candidates
- He took all the gold and silver and all the vessels that were found in the house of the LORD, and the Edomite captive, and the treasures of the king's house, and the hostages; and he returned to Samaria.
- He took all the gold, the silver, and all the vessels found in the house of the LORD, and the treasures of the king's house and hostages; then he returned to Samaria.
2 C.25.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויחי: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אמציהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יואש: NOUN,prop,sg,m
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- אחרי: PREP
- מות: VERB,qal,infabs
- יואש: NOUN,prop,sg,m
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהואחז: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חמש: NUM,card,f,sg
- עשרה: NUM,card,m,pl
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 14:17 (verbal): Direct parallel summary in Kings mentioning Amaziah and the same chronological note (the rest of Amaziah’s acts and the summary of his reign), aligning with Chronicles’ statement about his years after Joash’s death.
- 2 Kings 14:1-2 (thematic): Kings’ account of Amaziah’s reign (length, evaluation of his faithfulness) parallels the surrounding biographical material in Chronicles that includes the note about him living after Joash’s death.
- 2 Chronicles 25:26 (structural): Immediate parallel within Chronicles that follows the reign summary—both verses point readers to additional records (the books of the kings/chronicles) for further acts of Amaziah.
- 2 Kings 13:25 (allusion): Reports the death and burial of Joash (Jehoash) king of Israel and the succession by his son—provides the historical event to which Chronicles’ note (Amaziah lived 15 years after Joash’s death) refers.
Alternative generated candidates
- Amaziah son of Joash king of Judah lived fifteen years after the death of Joash son of Jehoahaz king of Israel.
- Amaziah son of Joash king of Judah lived fifteen years after the death of Joash son of Jehoahaz king of Israel.
2 C.25.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויתר: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg,abs
- דברי: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,1,c,sg
- אמציהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- הראשנים: ADJ,m,pl,def
- והאחרונים: CONJ+ADJ,m,pl,def
- הלא: PART
- הנם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- כתובים: VERB,pual,ptcp,m,pl
- על: PREP
- ספר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלכי: NOUN,pl,m,cons
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- וישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 20:34 (verbal): Uses the same closing formula — “the rest of the acts… are written in the book of the kings of Israel” — linking Jehoshaphat’s deeds to the royal annals.
- 2 Chronicles 24:27 (verbal): A parallel concluding statement for Joash: the remainder of the king’s deeds are recorded in the book of the kings, the same chronicler’s documentary formula.
- 2 Chronicles 26:22 (verbal): The same wording appears for Uzziah/Azariah — the rest of his acts are said to be written in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel.
- 2 Chronicles 28:27 (verbal): A parallel closing formula about Ahaz: the remaining acts of the king are recorded in the royal books, demonstrating the chronicler’s consistent structural note.
Alternative generated candidates
- Now the rest of the matters of Amaziah, from first to last, are written in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel.
- As for the rest of the acts of Amaziah, first and last, are they not written in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel?
2 C.25.27 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ומעת: CONJ,NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- סר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אמציהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- מאחרי: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ויקשרו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- קשר: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
- בירושלם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וינס: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- לכישה: PREP+NOUN,prop,f,sg
- וישלחו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- אחריו: PREP,3,m,sg
- לכישה: PREP+NOUN,prop,f,sg
- וימיתהו: VERB,hif,impf,3,m,sg,clit:3,m,sg
- שם: ADV
Parallels
- 2 Kings 14:17-19 (quotation): Parallel narrative account of Amaziah’s turning away and death—reports conspirators, his flight to Lachish, and his being killed there (direct biblical parallel).
- 2 Chronicles 24:25 (verbal): Similar wording and theme—'they conspired against him and slew him' describing a king’s violent end at the hands of conspirators after unfaithfulness.
- 2 Samuel 15:10-14 (structural): Conspiracy in Jerusalem leading the legitimate king to flee (Absalom’s rebellion); structural parallel of palace intrigue, popular support for a challenger, and royal flight.
- 2 Kings 9:30-37 (thematic): Violent removal of royal authority after apostasy (Jezebel/Ahab’s house judged); thematically similar motif of divine judgment expressed through assassination and palace violence.
Alternative generated candidates
- When Amaziah had turned away from following the LORD, conspiracies were formed against him in Jerusalem; and he fled to Lachish. They sent men after him to Lachish and killed him there.
- It was after he had turned away from following the LORD that conspirators formed a plot against Amaziah in Jerusalem, and he fled to Lachish; they sent after him to Lachish and put him to death there.
2 C.25.28 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישאהו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- על: PREP
- הסוסים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ויקברו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- עם: PREP
- אבתיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,3s
- בעיר: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
Parallels
- 2 Kings 14:20 (verbal): Direct parallel account of Amaziah’s death and burial—reports that he was carried on horses and buried with his fathers in the city of Judah.
- 2 Chronicles 25:27 (structural): Immediate chapter context describing Amaziah’s assassination in the city of Judah; 25:28 functions as the concluding burial note for that episode.
- 2 Chronicles 24:25 (thematic): Another Judean king (Joash) who was assassinated and described as being buried with his fathers in the city of David—parallels the motif of violent death followed by standard royal burial formula.
- 1 Kings 2:10 (thematic): Formulaic royal burial language — David ‘slept with his fathers, and was buried in the city of David’ — illustrating the common biblical closure formula ‘buried with his fathers’ used for kings.
Alternative generated candidates
- They carried him on horses and buried him with his fathers in the city of Judah.
- They carried him on horses and buried him with his fathers in the city of Judah.
Amaziah was twenty-five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned twenty-nine years in Jerusalem; his mother's name was Jehoaddan of Jerusalem.
He did what was right in the sight of the LORD, yet not wholeheartedly.
When the kingdom was firmly established for him, he executed the servants who had slain his father the king. But he would not put their children to death; as it is written in the law of Moses, where the LORD commanded, ‘The fathers shall not be put to death for the children, nor shall the children be put to death for the fathers; every man shall die for his own sin.’ ”
Amaziah gathered Judah and appointed them by clans—commanders of thousands and commanders of hundreds—throughout all Judah and Benjamin; and he enrolled them from twenty years old and upward. He found three hundred thousand choice men, able for military service, wielding sword, spear, and javelin.
He hired from Israel one hundred thousand mighty men of valor for one hundred talents of silver.
A man of God came to him and said, “O king, do not bring the Israelite troops with you, for the LORD is not with Israel—all the house of Ephraim.”
If you go, and you do fight bravely, God can give you into the hand of your enemy; for there is power with God both to help and to overthrow.
Amaziah said to the man of God, “But what about the hundred talents that I gave to the commanders of the Israelite troops?” And the man of God said, “The LORD can give you far more than that.” So Amaziah dismissed the troops who had come to him from Ephraim to go to their own place. Their anger was greatly kindled against Judah, and they returned to their homes in wrath.
Then Amaziah strengthened himself and led his people; and he went to the Valley of Salt and struck ten thousand of the sons of Seir.
The ten thousand whom the men of Judah captured alive he brought to the top of a cliff and threw them down from the cliff; and all were dashed in pieces. But the troops whom Amaziah had sent back raided the cities of Judah, from Samaria even to Beth-horon, and struck three thousand of them and took much plunder.
After Amaziah returned from striking the Edomites, he brought back the gods of the sons of Seir and set them up as his gods; before them he bowed down and burned incense to them.
Then the anger of the LORD burned against Amaziah, and he sent a prophet to him, who said to him, “Why have you sought the gods of this people, who could not save their own people from your hand?”
As the prophet spoke to him, the king said to the prophet, “Have you consulted with your counselors? The matter is settled—do not speak any more to me of this.” So the prophet ceased. But he said, “I know that God has determined to bring ruin upon you, because you have done this and have not heeded my counsel.”
Then Amaziah king of Judah consulted, and he sent to Joash the son of Jehoahaz son of Jehu, king of Israel, saying, “Come, let us face one another.”
Joash king of Israel sent to Amaziah king of Judah, saying, “The thistle in Lebanon sent to the cedar in Lebanon, ‘Give your daughter to my son as wife’; and a wild beast in Lebanon passed by and trampled the thistle.
You say, ‘I have struck Edom,’ and your heart has become proud; stay at home—why should you meddle to your own hurt, so that you and Judah fall together?” But Amaziah would not listen, for it was from the LORD, that he might give them into his hand, because they had sought the gods of Edom. So Joash king of Israel went up, and he and Amaziah king of Judah met at Beth-shemesh, which belongs to Judah. And Judah was defeated before Israel; and every man fled to his tent.
Joash king of Israel captured Amaziah king of Judah, the son of Joash son of Jehoahaz, at Beth-shemesh, brought him to Jerusalem, and broke down the wall of Jerusalem from the Ephraim Gate to the Corner Gate, four hundred cubits. And he took all the gold and silver and all the vessels that were found in the house of the LORD, and the wages of the army and the treasures of the king's house, and hostages; and he brought them to Samaria.
Amaziah the son of Joash king of Judah lived fifteen years after the death of Joash son of Jehoahaz king of Israel. Now the rest of the deeds of Amaziah, from first to last, are written in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel. And when Amaziah turned away from following the LORD, conspiracies were formed against him in Jerusalem; he fled to Lachish, but they sent men after him to Lachish and killed him there.
They carried him on horses and buried him with his fathers in the city of Judah.